Environmental Studies and E-Waste Management

(BCS508)
Module-1 – Ecosystem & Sustainability
ObJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:
1. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word which means to encircle
or surround
a. Environ
b. Oikos
c. Geo
d. Aqua
2. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the least storage
capacity for matter?
a. Atmosphere
b. Lithosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Biosphere
3. Which of the following components of the environment are effective transporters of matter?
a. Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
b. Atmosphere and Lithosphere
c. Hydrosphere and Lithosphere
d. Biosphere and Lithosphere
4. Biosphere is
a. The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b. The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of earth comprising of all the
living things
c. The sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all of the spheres
d. all of the above
5. Atmosphere consists of 79 per cent Nitrogen and 21 per cent Oxygen by
a. Volume b) weight c) Density d) All the three
6. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
a. Fungi b) solar light c) temperature d) humidity
7. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is
a. Bidirectional b) Cyclic c) Unidirectional d) Multidirectional
8. Which Pyramid is always upright?
a) Energy b) biomass c) numbers d) food chain
9. In complex ecosystems the degree of species diversity is
a. Poor b) high c) medium d) none
10. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called
a. Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Decomposers d) Saprophytes
11. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called
a. Food Chain b) carbon cycle c) hydrological cycle d) anthroposystem
12. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?
a. Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food
b. Animals c) Human beings d) Fish
13. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
 b. Energy ‘flows’ through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c. Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d. Respiration process releases energy
14. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is
a. Oceans b) Atmosphere c) biosphere d) Fossil fuels
15. In aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton can be considered as a
a. Consumer b) producer c) Saprotrophic organisms d) Macro
consumer
16. The basic requirements of human beings are provided by
a. Industrialization b) Agriculture c) Nature d) Urbanization
17. Environment is the life support system that includes
a. Air b) Water c) Land d) All of the above
18. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by
a. Producer b) Consumer c) Decomposer d) All of the above
19. Organisms which feed directly or indirectly on producers are called
a) Prey b) Consumers c) Decomposers d) Detritus
20. The primary producers in a forest ecosystem are
a. Chlorophyll containing trees and plants
b. Herbivores
c. Carnivores
d. Bacteria and other microorganisms
21. Abiotic component includes
a. Soil b) Temperature c) Water d) All of the above
22. Which of the following statement is true?
a. Green plants are self-nourishing
b. Producers depends on consumers
c. Biotic components include all non-living components
d. Herbivores depend on Carnivores
23. Primary consumer is
a. Herbivores
b. Carnivores
c. Macro consumers
d. Omnivores
24. A predator is
a. An animal that is fed upon
b. An animal that feeds upon another animal
c. Animal that feeds upon both plants and animals
d. a primary consumer
25. The word ‘Environment’ is derived from
a) Greek b) French c) Spanish d) English
26. Which among the following is a climatic factor?
a) Pressure b) humidity c) temperature d) all of the above
27. Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?
a. Forest b) Grass land c) Desert d) All of the above
28. World Environment day is on
a. 5th May b) 5th June c) 18th July d) 16th August
29. Factors responsible for balanced ecosystem are
a. Balance between predator and prey
 b. Balance between vegetation, herbivorous and carnivorous
c. Balance between competing species and biotic factors
d. All of the above
30. Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere?
a. Carbon dioxide b) Water c) Nutrients d) All of above
31. Habitat refers to
a. Physical conditions of the place where organisms live
b. Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live
c. Both a & b d) None of a or b
32. A food web consists of
a) A portion of a food chain b) an organism’s position in a food chain
c) Interlocking food chains d) a set of similar consumers
33. Which of the fallowing are producers’?
a) Animals b) Human being c) Plants & Bacteria d) Fishes
34. Which of the fallowing is an ecosystem?
a) Forest b) desert c) Mountain d) All.
35. Environment means
a. Surrounding (Biotic + Abiotic components), in which organisms live.
b. Atmosphere around one self.
c. Sum total of social, Economic, biological behaviour of animals.
d. Sum total of development activities around.
36. Which of the following is not the meaning of ecosystem?
a. Unit where in all organisms live a healthy life.
b. A small unit that can be self-sufficient.
c. Co-Existence of diverse things by mutual adjustment.
d. A unit includes all of the organisms in a given area interacting with the physical
environment to form a natural unit of stability.
37. Which of it is not an example for a terrestrial ecosystem.
a) Forest b) Desert c) Water d) Grassland.
38. The factor responsible for stable ecosystem are balance between.
a) Predators & Pray b) Vegetation, Herbivores & carnivores.
c) Competing species & Biotic factor d) All the above.
39. Important physical factor responsible for a good habitat of an organism.
a) Light b) Temperature c) Humidity d) All the above
40. Which of the fallowing is not a prominent chemical responsible for a good habitat.
a) O2 b) CO2 c) SO2 d) Nutrients
41. __________is termed as the life zone of the earth.
a) Atmosphere b) Hydrosphere c) Biosphere d) Stratosphere.
42. An ecosystem is a region in which
a. Dead organism interacts with their environment
b. Living organism do not interact with their environment
c. Living organism interact with their environment
d. All the above.
43. The term ecosystem was first proposed by
a) Jacob van verkul b) A G Transley c) Costraza d) Marie Gibbs.
44. The two major components of ecosystem are
a) Adiabatic & Isotropic b) Ecologic & climatologic
 c) Cyclic & biologic d) Abiotic & biotic.
45. Biotic components include
a) All living organisms b) water, mineral & gases
c) Self-nourishing green plants d) Light, temperature etc.
46. Food chain is divided into ----------- basic categories
a) Four b) Three c) Five d) seven
47. The transfer of energy & nutrients from one feeding group of organization to
anotherin a series is called.
a) Energy chain b) Food Chain c) Balanced ecosystem d) Food Web
48. In which of the following place we can find the cold deserts?
a. Bangalore
b. Chennai
c. Himalaya
d. Rajasthan
49. What kind of climate we can find in the Thar Desert?
a. Cold
b. Dry
c. Cool
d. Moist
50. Where can we find babul tree?
a. In deserts ecosystems
b. In river deltas
c. In grassland ecosystems
d. In semi-arid ecosystems
51. Why Rann of Kutch attracts aquatic birds in monsoon season?
a. Because desert land is converted to forest land
b. Because desert land is converted to snow
c. Because desert land does not convert
d. Because desert land is converted to salt marshes
52. What makes desert region to become highly unproductive?
a. Salinity b) Sunlight c) Temperature d) Increase in the rain
53. How can desert ecosystems be conserved?
a. By minimizing the human activity
b. By pouring water to desert area
c. By deforestation
d. By killing organisms
54. Which of the following tribe protected trees from several generations in Rajasthan?
a. Bishnoi
b. Papadi
c. Korvanji
d. Gudus
55. Where can we see Indira Gandhi Canal?
a. Gujarat
b. Rajasthan
c. Punjab
d. Haryana
56. Which kind of soil we can found on the surface of Thar desert?
a. Rocky
b. Moist
c. Fertile
 d. Aeolian
57. Which is the biggest desert in the world including both hot and cold deserts?
a. Sahara
b. Arctic
c. Arabian
d. Antarctica
58. How many parts are there in the forest ecosystem?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
59. On which factor forest type is mainly dependent?
a. Abiotic
b. Size of the forest
c. Shape of trees
d. Products from the trees
60. Where can we find coniferous forest in India?
a. Deserts
b. River deltas
c. Grassland
d. Himalayan
61. Why most of the Sun light does not penetrate to the ground in evergreen forest?
a. Because of snowfall
b. Because of less temperature
c. Because of trees overlap with each other
d. Because of less rainfall
62. Which state in India has the maximum percentage of its area covered by forests?
a. Arunachal Pradesh
b. Madhya Pradesh
c. Mizoram
d. Nagaland
63. Where can we find thorn forest in India?
a. Semi-arid regions
b. Desert regions
c. Himalayan regions
d. Northeast
64. How forests increase the atmosphere’s humidity?
a. By transpiration
b. By inspiration
c. By expiration
d. By oxidation
65. Which of the following type of forest important for watersheds?
a. Tropical Evergreen forest
b. Tropical Deciduous forest
c. Tropical Montana forests
d. Grassland forest
66. How the tropical rain forest gets the name?
a. Due to less rain
b. Due to heavy rain
c. Due to moderate rain
 d. Due to no rain required
67. How many types of aquatic ecosystems are there?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
68. Where plants and animals live in aquatic ecosystems?
a. Water
b. Land
c. Air
d. Fire
69. What made organisms to build their ecosystem in aquatic?
a. Curiosity
b. Evolution
c. Force from other organisms
d. Increase in water level
70. Where can we find both running water as well as stagnant water?
a. Marine ecosystems
b. Wetlands
c. Coral reefs
d. Freshwater ecosystems
71. Which is the largest ecosystem on Earth?
a. Desert
b. Forest
c. Grassland
d. Oceans
72. Which of the following is among the world’s most productive ecosystems interms
of biomass production?
a. Pond ecosystems
b. Lake ecosystems
c. Brackish water ecosystems
d. River ecosystems
73. Which is the simplest aquatic ecosystem?
a. Pond
b. Stream
c. Lake
d. Marine
74. Which ecosystem is known as giant permanent pond?
a. Lake Ecosystem
b. Pond ecosystem
c. Seashore ecosystem
d. Marine ecosystem
75. How many oceans constitute the marine ecosystems around peninsular India?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
76. Biodiversity can be broadly classified into how many types?
a. 2
b. 5
 c. 3
d. 4
77. Biodiversity is of importance as it offers:
a. Stability of ecosystems
b. Stability of atmosphere
c. Stability of species
d. Stability of research
78. The loss in biodiversity is not attributed to:
a. Explosion in the human population
b. Transforming earth’s surface
c. Destruction of natural habitats
d. Use of sustainable products
79. In how many ways does the conservation of biodiversity work?
a. 5
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
80. Which one of the following is not an in-situ conservation method?
a. Zoo
b. National Parks
c. Biosphere Reserves
d. Sanctuaries
81. Which is an advantage of ex-situ conservation?
a. Cheap method
b. Conserve large number of species together
c. Genetic process for breeding/long life
d. Existence in natural habitat
82. Hot spot areas have:
a. Low density of biodiversity
b. Only endangered plants
c. High density of hot springs
d. High density of biodiversity
83. What is the cause of discoloration in fresh water?
a. Fungal bloom
b. Viral bloom
c. An algae bloom
d. Bacterial bloom
84. The Great Smog in 1952 caused in which city?
a. Delhi
b. Lahore
c. London
d. New York
85. In which forest we can see deforestation to large extent?
a. Atlantic forest
b. Amazon forest
c. Borneo forest
d. Sumatra forest
86. The biggest driver of deforestation is
a. Agriculture
b. Forest fire
 c. Volcanic activities
d. Soil erosion
87. The best way to reduce deforestation is by
a. Using more paper
b. Clear more area of trees to grow plant
c. Burning forest in order to create cultivated land
d. Clear more area of plants to grow trees
88. Due to deforestation how much fields worth of trees is lost per minute?
a. 12 football
b. 24 football
c. 36 football
d. 48 football
89. Rain forest land is most often cleared for
a. Pasture
b. Forest fire
c. Human activities
d. High pressure
90. The main cause of wildfire is
a. Volcanic activity
b. Lightening
c. Pollution
d. Human activity
91. Which nation is most affected by deforestation?
a. Honduras
b. Indonesia
c. Benin
d. Ghana
92. Which type of farming cause more amount of deforestation?
a. Subsistence farming
b. Commercial farming
c. Mixed farming
d. Dairy farming
93. Any contaminated components that seep into the soil, filtration, and are transferred into the
underground reservoir are referred to as
A. Water Pollution
B. Noise Pollution
C. Land Contamination
D. Air pollution.
Answer: C
94. Which resource is South Africa’s most important export?
A. Copper
B. Diamond
C. Silver, and
D. Gold
Answer: D
95. Which option is true if just two of the three foundations of Sustainable Development are
encountered?
A. Viable = Economic + Ecological Sustainability
B. Bearable = Social + Ecological Sustainability
 C. Equitable Social + Economical Sustainability
D. None of the preceding
Answer: D
96. What year did the concept of sustainability first appear?
A. 1992;
B. 1978;
C. 1980;
D. 1987;
Answer: C
97. In the year, the U.N. General Assembly constituted a Committee on Sustainability (CSD).
A. 1995;
B. 1994;
C. 1993;
D. 1992;
Answer: D
98. The vast holes left behind after mining are utilised for
A. Wastewater storage,
B. Domestic wastewater storage,
C. Waste disposal, and
D. Waste storage.
Answer: C
99. Mercury, as well as leads, are poisonous substances that contribute to
A. Noise exposure,
B. Poor air quality,
C. Water contamination, and
D. Soil pollution.
Answer: D
100. The alternative name for landscaping is
A. Decrease
B. Restoration,
C. Topsoil removal, and
D. Restoration.
Answer: B
101. When the value of a mineral stays strong, the company looks for
A. New nations
B. New miners
C. New areas
D. New deposits.
Answer: D
102. Which of the following options is not included in the sustainable development
parameters?
A. Gender inequality and diversity
B. Intergenerational and intragenerational equity
C. Growing annually
D. None of the above
Answer: D
103. What is the definition of sustainable development?
A. The growth that satisfies current demands without jeopardising future generations’
ability to fulfil their own needs.
B. Conserve mineral wealth and explore alternative energy sources while decreasing
pollution and environmental impact.
C. It is the process of creating land and building projects in such a way that they have a
lower environmental effect by enabling them to produce fuel-efficient self-sufficiency
patterns.
D. All the preceding
Answer: D
104. If we only accomplish two of the three foundations of Sustainable Development, which
of the preceding is correct?
A. Social + Financial Longevity = Fairness
B. Bearable = Economic + Ecological Sustainability
C. Viable = Socio + Ecological Sustainability
D. All of the preceding.
Answer: D
105. Think about the following statement(s) about sustainability.
I. It describes a process or situation that can last endlessly.
II. Natural resources must be used in a way that does not result in ecological debts due to
overexploitation of the Earth’s carrying and productive capacities.
III. Keeping the whole natural capital base above its current level is crucial for long-term
sustainability.
Code:
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Only II & III
D. I, II & III
Answer: D
106. Which one of the above is/is not a sustainable growth goal(s)?
A. Maintain the family planning program’s implementation.
B. Maintain dynamic stability of arable land of at least 123 million hectares, as well as an
agricultural development strategy.
C. Preserve a dynamic water resource balance by lowering water usage per unit of gross
domestic product (GDP and agricultural additional value.
D. To lead about such a substantial, though not always disastrous, change in the
environment.
Answer: D
107. What are all the main sustainability objectives?
I. Poverty and hunger eradication
II. Higher education and healthcare standards, notably in terms of water quality and
sanitation.
III. Gender equality
IV. Long-term economic growth that promotes employment and strengthens communities
Code:
A. I, II & III
 B. I, III & IV
C. I & III
D. I, II, III & IV
Answer: D
108. When did the phrase “Sustainable Development” first appear?
A. 1987;
B. 1980;
C. 1978;
D. 1992;
Answer: B
109. In December———-, the General Assembly created the United Nations Council on
Environmental Sustainability (CSD).
A. 1992;
B. 1993;
C. 1994;
D. 1995;
Answer: A
110. Which one of the following United Nations commissions is in charge of monitoring
progress on Agenda 21 as well as the Rio Agreement on Environmental issues?
A. The Disarmament Commission of the United Nations
B. UN Statistical Commission (United Nations Statistical Commission) B. United Nations
Statistical Commission
C. Committee on Environmental Sustainability of the United Nations (CSD)
D. Human Rights Tribunal of the United Nations
Answer: C
111. Check out the following assertion (s) on sustainable governing development.
I. Assist in the comprehension of the idea of sustainable development
II. Identify the issues that come with it.
III. Assist in the implementation of proactive policy initiatives
Code:
A. Both I & II
B. Both II & III
C. Both I & IV
D. I, II & III
Answer: D
112. Which one of the below is not one of the sustainable development variables?
A. Carrying capacity
B. Inter and Intra-generational equity
C. Gender disparity and diversity
D. None of the above
Answer: D
113. The 21st-century notion of sustainable growth places a greater emphasis on
A. Economic progress
B. Social progress
C. Protection of the environment
D. All of the preceding.
 Answer: D
114. Sustainability Science is the application of concepts such as __ and sustainable
development.
A. Environmental science
B. Science in general
C. Social science
D. Geoscience
Answer: A
115. According to the United Nations, the following are the significant issues of social
progress:
A. Instruction
B. Public health
C. Living standards
D. All of the preceding
Answer: D
116. United Nations (UN) era of schooling for sustainable growth is from
A. 2002-11
B. 2003-12
C. 2004-13
D. 2005-14
Answer: D
117. The United Nations has established a total Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
A. 15
B. 16
C. 17
D. 18
Answer: C
118. The 2030 Agenda For Sustainable Development (SDGs) acknowledge that all
governments must promote action in the important areas listed below.
A. People, planet, prosperity, peace, and collaboration
B. People, the world, wealth, flora, and planning
C. People, planet, wealth, plants, and collaboration
D. People, the environment, prosperity, peace, and foresight
Answer: A
119. Sustainable development may be divided into three categories: economic, social, and
environmental.
A. The natural environment, the economy, and society
B. The environment, the economy, and fairness
C. Civilization, ecology, and environment
D. Ecology, economy, and environment
Answer: A
120. When resource extraction use is equivalent to nature’s capacity to replenish,
sustainability is achieved.
A. Not long-term
B. The economy in a stable condition
C. It is ecologically friendly
 D. None of the preceding
Answer: B
121. Designing self-sustaining systems is a viable path toward long-term progress.
A. Reversible and flexible
B. Reversible and flexible
C. Reversible and inflexible
D. Immutable and unchangeable
Answer: B
122. The component(s) of sustainable farming are as follows:
A. Permaculture
B. Agroforestry
C. Mixed farming
D. All of the preceding
Answer: D
123. Renewable Energy
A. It is in good condition.
B. Has the ability to be utilised over a lengthy period.
C. Both a and b are true
D. None of the preceding
Answer: C
124. Technology that satisfies the demands of sustainable development is typically referred
to as
A. Cutting-edge technology
B. Appropriate technology
C. Long-lasting technology
D. Technology that adapts
Answer: B
125. An indicator of a company’s long-term viability
A. Environmental friendliness
B. Socio-economic efficiency
C. Both a and b are true
D. None of the preceding
Answer: C
126. The United Nations uses 34-four sectors of sustainability rings.
A. Monetary, environmental, political, and cultural factors
B. Monetary, social, political, and cultural factors
C. Economic, environmental, social, and cultural factors
D. Economic, environmental, political, and social factors
Answer: A
127. The Un-Conference for Environmental Sustainability is often recognized by the United
Nations World Summit held on-
A. Rio de Janeiro, 2010.
B. Rio de Janeiro, 2011.
C. Rio de Janeiro, 2012
D. Rio de Janeiro, 2013
Answer: C
128. To achieve: social, economic, and ecological equality, it is required to:
A. Social Advancement
B. Development of the Economy
C. Long-term development
D. Development of the Environment
Answer: C
129. The human activity that creates the environmental damage with regional and global
consequences is:
A. Industrialisation
B. Urbanisation
C. Agriculture
D. Mining
Answer: A
130. Where did the first move toward sustainable development occur?
A. Stockholm Conference (Stockholm)
B. Conference in Bangkok
C. Conference in San Francisco
D. All of the preceding
Answer: A
131. What would “Agenda-21” mean?
A. Agenda 21 is a Sustainable Development Goal Action Plan that is non-binding and
implemented voluntarily.
B. It’s a climate change pact involving 20 poor countries throughout the world.
C. It’s a worldwide free trade pact including seven developed countries.
D. None of these is true.
Answer: A
132. Whichever of the below is the seventh of the United Nations’ eight-millennium goals?
A. To end extreme poverty and hunger;
B. To ensure environmental sustainability;
C. To minimise child mortality; and
D. To establish global development cooperation.
Answer: B
133. Which one of the following factors contributes to long-term growth?
A. Improved market growth, worsening of the environment as a result of economic
expansion, and insufficient energy resources to satisfy energy demands
B. Negative economic development, degradation of the environment as a result of
economic expansion, and insufficient energy resources to satisfy a need
C. Positive economic growth, non-degradation of the environment, and increase of energy
resources insufficient to fulfil energy demands
D. Favourable business growth, worsening of the environment as a result of industrial
growth, and the development of energy resources to fulfil energy demands.
Answer: D.