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MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

ACTIVITY SHEET

LEARNING MODULE 05:

TYPES OF MEDIA

Name:____________________________________________________________________
Grade & Section:__________________________________Score:________________
Teacher:___________________________________________Date:_________________

Learning Competency

Compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is

presented through the different types of media (print, broadcast,
online) (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-5).

Objective

At the end of the lesson, the students shall have been able to:

Demonstrates understanding of media and information literacy

(MIL) related concepts

Let’s Recall

Traditional media is still prevalent despite the emergence of new media.

As media evolves, the newer ones carry with it the features of the predecessor. New
media may be viewed as an addition rather than a replacement for old media. Media
experience has been enriched by new media forms because of the added value they
provide.

Try to fill the boxes below to complete the word being asked in each number.
Random clues are given below the puzzle.
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1. A played moving image or movie clip.

2. Characterized by cathode ray tube.
3. Wireless telegraphy, a modulation
4. It is where you can connect with others and search for information
5. List the public occurrences both foreign and domestic, gazette, circulation.

Let’s Understand

In a democratic society such as the Philippines, the media has a very important role
and function as a great equalizer. Media monitors events, educates the audience,
provides a venue for debate, acts as a “watchdog,” and serves as a channel for active
participation in political affairs. These media activities can be presented into
different types of media forms.

Media is the most efficient way to communicate and relay messages to a large
audience across cultures and distances. It transcends the boundaries and cultures.
Media may be utilized to address the needs of an individual and society to become
better members of the community. The variety of media forms provides a menu of
choices for where and when you can access the information.
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Print Media, also known as the press, this

type of media refers to materials that are
written and are physically distributed. The
most significant event in the history of
printing is the invention of the printing press
by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440 which led
to the mass production of books. Print
media can either be in the form of a book, a
newspaper, or a magazine.
Photo Credit: http://www.blink.com.ph/
our-newsstand-is-growing,
https://www.upmg
philippines.com/news/upmg-turns-a-page-
at-15/

Broadcast media describes the traditional

forms of media that include television and
radio. This is the distribution of audio or
video content to a dispersed audience via any
electronic mass communications medium,
but typically one using the electromagnetic
spectrum, in a one-to-many model.
Technically, the term 'broadcast media' can
include the internet as well and even such
things as Bluetooth marketing and other
forms of location-based transmissions. This
also started to conquer the Internet and
mobile technology through Internet-based radio and television.
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Film, also called movie or motion picture, is a

visual art used to simulate experiences that
communicate ideas, stories, perceptions,
feelings, beauty or atmosphere by the means of
recorded or programmed moving images along
with other sensory stimulations. With
moving/motion pictures, the film is able to
enhance the media experience of the consumer.

Video Games continue to grow popular to

both young and old because of their
increased interactivity and
interconnectivity, “from game consoles to
personal computers to the Internet to
cellphones (Baran, 2010).” The Internet,
on the other hand, is a development in
media technology that is at the heart of all
the convergence that you see occurring in
traditional media.

New Media are digital media that are

interactive, incorporate two-way
communication and involve some form of
computing. These are products and services
that provide information or entertainment
using computers or the internet, and not by
traditional methods such as television and
newspapers.

Points of Intersection among Media Forms

Synergy and convergences are what describes the media today. According to
freedictionay.com, synergy is an “interaction of two or more agents or forces so that
their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects”’
Convergence, on the other hand, means the combination of various elements to
create a new whole. It is a trend that cannot be done away with because the
audience are getting more fragmented. Also, audiences are no longer biased over
one form of media to access content. Smartphones these days have radio and
television applications, which is a clear example of convergence.
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Media Convergence

By definition, media convergence is:

▪ The ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then
accessible by a range of devices (ex. from the personal computer to the mobile
phone), thus creating a digital communication environment.
▪ A phenomenon involving the interconnection of information and communications
technologies, computer networks and media content.
▪ Transforms to establish industries services and work practices and enables
entirely new forms of content to emerge.

Convergence of Different Types of Media

Books Convergence
Newspaper e-books
print on demand (POD)
Magazines Online and custom publishing
Movement from print to television (vice versa)
Film/cinema Concept movies
Sequel, remakes, and franchise
Radio Digital radio; internet-based radio and podcasting;
radio and television (and vice versa)
Television Video cassette recorder(VCR);
digital video disc(DBD;
digital video recorder (DVR);
digital television or high definition;
Internet base television;
Video on the internet; interactive television;
phone over cable; Mobile video; television recording
Video game Online interactive gaming;
internet-capable handheld game devices;
advergaming; advocacy gaming
Internet and the Functionalities of the traditional media moving to the
World Wide Web Web platforms;
internet technology incorporated to mobile technology;
internet connected, WI_FI capable television monitor

Mass Media and Media Effects

Mass media means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience. It

is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast majority of the
general public. The most common platforms for mass media are newspapers,
magazines, radio, television, and the Internet. The general public typically relies on
the mass media to provide information regarding political issues, social issues,
entertainment, and news in pop culture.
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Media Effects are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass media
does (Denis McQuail, 2010). For example, we change our clothes and our plans
because we watch the forecast on the Weather Channel, look up information about
a band and sample their music after we see them perform on a television show, or
stop eating melons after we hear about a salmonella outbreak. Other effects are
more difficult to study and more difficult for people to accept because they are long
term and/or more personal. For example, media may influence our personal sense
of style, views on sex, perceptions of other races, or values just as our own free will,
parents, or friends do.

Media Effects Theory

1. Third-party theory – people think they are more immune to media influence than
others. This is a perceptual hypothesis that predicts that individuals will perceive
media messages to have greater effects on other people than on themselves. A
behavioral hypothesis predicts that third-person perception (i.e., seeing others as
more influenced) will lead to support for restrictions on media messages. Observe
the picture below.

2. Reciprocal Effect – when a person or event

gets media attention, it influences the way
the person acts or the way the event
functions. It’s similar to the way that we
change behavior when we know certain
people are around and may be watching us.
For example, the tv-shows “Pinoy Big
Brother”
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3. Boomerang Effect – refers to media-induced

change that is counter to the desired change. For
example, when an advertisement is launched to
provide certain information to the target audience,
but results in having an opposite impact on them.

4. Cultivation Theory – states that

media exposure, specifically to
television, shapes our social reality by
giving us a distorted view on the amount
of violence and risk in the world. It also
states that viewers identify with certain
values and identities that are presented
as mainstream on television even
though they do not actually share those
values or identities in their real lives.

5. Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/McCombs and Shaw) -
the process whereby the mass media
determine what we think and worry
about. Walter Lippmann, a
journalist, first observed this
function, in the 1920’s. Lippmann
then pointed out that the media
dominates over the creation of
pictures in our head, he believed that
the public reacts not to actual events
but to the pictures in our head.
Therefore the agenda setting process
is used to remodel all the events
occurring in our environment, into a simpler model before we deal with it.
Researchers Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw have then followed this concept.
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6. The Propaganda model of media control was introduced by Edward. S. Herman

and Noam Chomsky in their book ‘Manufacturing Consent – The Political Economy
of the Mass Media’. This theory states how propaganda works in a mass media. The
model tries to understand how the population is manipulated, and how the social,
economic, political attitudes are fashioned in the minds of people through
propaganda. Herman and Chomsky mostly concentrated on American population
and media for their research but this theory is universally applicable.

Propaganda are ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are
spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc. like the picture
shown below.

Let’s Apply.

DIRECTIONS: Using the matrix below, identify the media platforms

for the Media Convergence across different disciplines. Give specific
examples for each.

Media Convergence in Platform Specific Example

Communication
Education
Advertisement/ Commercial
News
Entertainment
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Let’s Analyze

DIRECTIONS: Rank print media, cinema, and broadcast media in

terms of the 15 listed criteria. For each criterion, mark the best as
1, the second as 2, and the least as 3.

Criteria Print Cinema Broadcast

1. Accessibility
2. Ease of use
3. Entertainment
4. Credibility of information
5. Easy dissemination of content
6. Fast dissemination of content
7. Amount of information provided
8. Price of use
9. Price of production
10. Number of users
11. Interactivity
12. Facilitation of feedback
13. Effectiveness as an advertisement
platform
14. Strength as an industry
15. Your personal preference

Let’s Evaluate
DIRECTIONS: Analyze the following infographics by answering the
guide questions for each.

Guide Questions:
1. What symbolisms are used in this cartoon?
2. What is the message of this cartoon?
3. Do you agree with the message? Why or why not?
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Source: http://www.oclarim.com.mo/en/2015/07/10/effects-of-social-media-on-
relationships-and-communication/

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Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/347692033702366667/

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Source:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/5559199518941926/
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Let’s Create

DIRECTIONS: Accomplish the GRASP

Goal- You have been asked by your editor-in-chief to think of ways to converge the
contents of your tabloid or radio with the internet.
Role- You are the head of the media and communication department of a tabloid
company with a radio broadcast outlet.
Audience- Your colleague
Situation- After planning, present to the company a prototype of your design
Performance- Together with your team of journalists and media practitioners, plan
your media convergence project by thinking of creative ways to combine print and
radio content with the internet.
Standard- You are expected to justify your project.

Rubrics

Relevance of the project design -20%

Justification of the design to be used - 50%
Suitability of the chosen design - 30%

References:

▪ Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd

▪ Cheeno Marlo M. Sayuno, DIWA, Senior High School Series:Median and
Information Literacy (Second Edition) e-Module, 2019
▪ Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems
Inc.
▪ http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/new-media
▪ Baran, Stanley J. Introduction to Mass Communication:Media Literacy and
Culture. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010
▪ http://198.23.153.33/academy/lesson/what-is-mass-media-definition-types-
influence-examples.html
▪ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009365099026005001

Photo Credits:
▪ http://www.whatsnewph.com/2016/12/mmff-2016-entries-and-trailers.html
▪ http://online.seu.edu/what-is-newmedia/#sthash.ltGgt2ed.dpuf
▪ https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/images/gridoffset-
videogames-1-1585583517.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=1200:*