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    IB Chemistry Definitions SL/HL

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    Nina Edward
    This document defines key chemistry terms for students taking the IB SL and HL Chemistry courses. It lists over 30 terms including relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass, atomic number, oxidation, reduction, and standard electrode potential. Students are instructed to learn these definitions word for word as they will need to recall the precise meaning and language for each term.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    IB Chemistry Definitions SL/HL

    Uploaded by

    Nina Edward
    72 views2 pages
    This document defines key chemistry terms for students taking the IB SL and HL Chemistry courses. It lists over 30 terms including relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass, atomic number, oxidation, reduction, and standard electrode potential. Students are instructed to learn these definitions word for word as they will need to recall the precise meaning and language for each term.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    This document defines key chemistry terms for students taking the IB SL and HL Chemistry courses. It lists over 30 terms including relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass, atomic number, oxidation, reduction, and standard electrode potential. Students are instructed to learn these definitions word for word as they will need to recall the precise meaning and language for each term.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views2 pages

    IB Chemistry Definitions SL/HL

    Uploaded by

    Nina Edward
    This document defines key chemistry terms for students taking the IB SL and HL Chemistry courses. It lists over 30 terms including relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass, atomic number, oxidation, reduction, and standard electrode potential. Students are instructed to learn these definitions word for word as they will need to recall the precise meaning and language for each term.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    www.chemistryhk.

    com

    SL  and  HL    IB    Chemistry  Definitions  


    SL-­‐  only  learn  black  terms        HL  –  learn  all  terms  
    You  must  learn  these.    You  must  be  able  to  recall  them  word  for  word!  
    Relative  atomic  mass  (Ar)  -­‐  The  relative  atomic  mass  of  an  element  is  the  weighted  average  of  
    the  masses  of  the  isotopes  relative  to  1/12  of  the  mass  of  a  carbon-­‐12  atom.  

    Relative  molecular  mass  (Mr)    -­‐    The  relative  molecular  mass  of  a  substance  is  the  mass  of  one  
    molecule  of  that  substance  relative  to  1/12  of  the  mass  of  carbon  –  12  atom.  

    Mass  Number    -­‐  The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom or ion.

    Atomic  Number      -­‐    is  equal  to  the  number  of  protons  in  the  nucleus  of  an  atom.  

    Isotope    -­‐    are  atoms  of  the  same  element  with  different  numbers  of  neutrons.  

    1st  Ionisation  Energy    -­‐  The minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from an
    atom in its gaseous state.

    Electronegativity    -­‐    Electronegativity  is  a  measure  of  the  tendency  of  an  atom  in  a  molecule  to  
    attract  a  bonding  pair  of  electrons  towards  itself.  

    Ligand    -­‐    An  atom,  ion  or  molecule  that can donate a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to
    form a dative covalent (coordinate) bond. (Ligands are Lewis bases)

    Exothermic  Reaction    -­‐    An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat to the surroundings. (As
    a result of forming products with stronger bonds than the reactants. Exothermic reactions have
    negative ∆H values.)  

    Endothermic  Reaction    -­‐      An  endothermic  reaction  is  one  that  absorbs  heat  from  its  
    surroundings.  (As a result of forming products with weaker bonds than the reactants.
    Endothermic reactions have positive ∆H values.)

    Standard state The standard state of an element or compound is its most stable state
    under the specified conditions.

    Standard  Conditions    -­‐    Temperature  =  298K,  Pressure  =  1atm  &  solutions    1  mol  dm-­‐3.  

    Standard  enthalpy  change  of  a  reaction    -­‐    The standard enthalpy change (ΔH θ) is the heat
    energy transferred under standard conditions (pressure 101.3 kPa, temperature 298 K) for a
    reaction.
    www.chemistryhk.com

    Average  Bond  Enthalpy    -­‐    This is the energy required to break one mole of the same type of
    bond in the gaseous state averaged over a variety of similar compounds.

    Standard  enthalpy  change  of  Formation    -­‐    The  enthalpy  change  when  1  mole  of  a  substance  is  
    formed  from  its  elements  in  their  standard  states,  under  standard  conditions.  

    Standard  enthalpy  change  of  Combustion    -­‐    the  enthalpy  change  when  1  mole  of  a  substance  
    in  its  standard  states  burns  completely  in  excess  oxygen  under  standard  conditions.  

    Lattice  Enthalpy    -­‐    the amount of energy required to separate one mole of ionic compound into
    isolated gaseous ions under standard conditions.  

    Electron  Affinity    -­‐    the  energy  change  when  1  mole  of  gaseous  atom  gains  1  mole  of  electron  
    to  form  a  gaseous  ion,  under  standard  conditions  (technically,  this  should  be  called    the  1st  
    electron  affinity)  

    Rate  of  Reaction    -­‐    The increase in concentration of products or the decrease in concentration of
    reactants per unit time.  

    Activation  Energy    -­‐      The minimum energy needed (by reactants) to start/initiate a reaction.

    Bronsted  Lowry  Acid    -­‐    An  acid  is  a  proton  (hydrogen  ion)  donor.  

    Bronsted  Lowry  Base    -­‐    A  base  is  a  proton  (hydrogen  ion)  acceptor.  

    Lewis  Acid    -­‐    An  acid  is  an  electron  pair  acceptor.  

    Lewis  Base    -­‐    A  base  is  an  electron  pair  donor.  

    Oxidation    -­‐    The loss of electrons from a species during a chemical reaction.

    Reduction    -­‐    The gain of electrons by a species during a chemical reaction.  

    Oxidising  Agent    -­‐    A species that brings about oxidation by removing electrons from another
    reactant. During the reaction the oxidizing agent gains electrons and so is reduced.

    Reducing  Agent    -­‐    A species that brings about reduction by giving electrons to another reactant.
    During the reaction the reducing agent loses electrons and so is oxidized.

    Standard  Electrode  Potential    -­‐    This is the electrode potential of a half-cell relative to the
    hydrogen half-cell, which is assigned a value of zero. It is measured at standard conditions. (Also
    known as standard reduction potential)  

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