Midtrem Researh Project

Midterm Research Project Executive Summary
Hot, Hot, and Hotter Here We Go!
Professor: Dr. Quinlan
Introduction:
Climate change is directly related to the changes in temperature around the Earth. Our
ever-changing climate has and will always change naturally from different climatic events.
However, in the past 100 years, we can see a change in climate that is much more rapid than in
the climate’s past. These changes in climates can be viewed in many different ways, one
including changes in temperatures, or global temperature anomalies. Global temperature
anomalies are when the temperature changes from the average or a reference They are used as a
diagnostic tool to provide an overview of the average global temperature, compared to what the
reference value is (Sanchez-Lugo, 2020). The hypothesis for this observation goes as follows,
from the years 1960 to 2019, the global temperature anomaly has risen substantially.
Methods:
Data was collected from NASA’s Earth Observations (NEO) site under the global
temperature anomaly subtitle. Here, the data chosen was under the 1960 view-by-date as well as
the 2019 view-by-date information. The data collected was then analyzed in Fiji: as source
platform that allows for analysis of biological images, to further prove the escalation for the
temperature anomalies. Using the application Fiji, the darkest points on the map (meaning the
areas that had the highest temperature growth) were determined and analyzed. Both of the
darkest reds and blues were analyzed, with the dark reds meaning a positive anomaly (increase in
temperature) is present, and the dark blues meaning a negative anomaly (decrease in
temperature).
Results and Discussion:
With just a glance at the photos, you can clearly see a significant change. See Figures 1
and 2. In Figure 2, the clearest difference between the two figures is the amount of red and blue
shown. In Figure 1, there is a pretty substantial amount of blue and neutral tones of both red and
blue. In the 60s, there was not the same amount of global carbon emission as today. The
emission of the greenhouse gas carbon gets trapped in the atmosphere, causing it to heat up.
There is 4 times increase of CO2 emissions from 1960 to 2014 (latest data collected) (World
Carbon (CO2) Emissions 1960-2020, 2020). In Figure 3 and Figure 4, these display the highest
temperature anomalies of that year. Figure 3 shows the highest for 1960 and Figure 4 shows the
highest for 2019. Figure 4 clearly displays how the artic is warming very rapidly, being that the
entire top of the figure is a red. The red is much more apparent throughout the entire map of
Figure 4 compared Figure 3. While Figure 3 has more warming in the middle, the overall red
showing the warmest areas, Figure 4 shows more consistent warming throughout the artic.
Figure 5 and 6 show the lowest temperature anomalies throughout 1960 and 2019. Figure 6
shows little to no cooling anomaly in 2019. There is only one little spot, further proving how the
Earth is warming. Compared to Figure 5, there is much bluer on the map and, like stated earlier,
more neutral tones on the map. Lastly, the graph, labeled as Figure 7, shows the change in blue
areas on the map, which are negative anomalies. The 21.4% change from 1960 to 2019 means
that there is 21.4% less apparent on the 2019 map than the 1960 map compared to climate data
gathered from 1950-1980 mean averages.
Policies and classes should be enforced to help slow the warming of the planet. Classes
like this one should be a required to learn our effect on the planet. As an entire population, we
must come together to stop the warming and harming of our planet. We need to hold the big oil
companies, the big coal companies, companies that deny climate change and refuse to lower their
carbon footprint, accountable for what they do to the planet. We need to work together because
our planet is dying. We need to stop denying that it is a problem and fix what we have destroyed.
.
Figure 1 showing global temperature anomalies Figure 2 showing global temperature anomalies
Year Pixel Count Total Not Red

1960 61580 37.1%
2019 26094 15.7%
Total 87674 52.9%
Figure 7 shows a graph explaining the difference in areas

that are not red. There is a clear difference showing a
21.4% change from 1960-2019 in negative anomalies.
Figure 3 showing the highest temperature anomalies in Figure 4 showing the highest temperature anomalies in
1960 2019
Figure 5 showing the lowest temperature anomalies in Figure 6 showing the lowest temperature anomalies in
1960 2019
Citations:
Global Temperature Anomaly (1 year) | NASA. (2020, October 14). Global Temperature
Anomaly (1 Year) | NASA; NASA Earth Observations (NEO).
https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=GISS_TA_Y&date=1960-06-01
(Global Temperature Anomaly (1 Year) | NASA, 2020)
Sanchez-Lugo. (2020). Global Surface Temperature Anomalies | Monitoring References
| National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Noaa.Gov; Global Surface

Temperature Anomalies | Monitoring References. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-
references/faq/anomalies.php#:~:text=The%20term%20temperature%20anomaly
%20means,value%20or%20long%2Dterm%20average.&text=This%20product%20is%20a
%20global,compared%20to%20a%20reference%20value.
World Carbon (CO2) Emissions 1960-2020. (2020). Macrotrends.Net.
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/carbon-co2-emissions

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Midterm Research Project Executive Summary

Hot, Hot, and Hotter Here We Go!

Professor: Dr. Quinlan

including changes in temperatures, or global temperature anomalies. Global temperature

Results and Discussion:

gathered from 1950-1980 mean averages.

Year Pixel Count Total Not Red

Figure 7 shows a graph explaining the difference in areas

Anomaly (1 Year) | NASA; NASA Earth Observations (NEO).

Sanchez-Lugo. (2020). Global Surface Temperature Anomalies | Monitoring References

| National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Noaa.Gov; Global Surface

World Carbon (CO2) Emissions 1960-2020. (2020). Macrotrends.Net.

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