Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

, Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam

Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Design of Pier System - GROUP - PD2

GENERAL DATA
Road crest level = 107.901 m (Highest Level)
Structural Depth of Superstructure = 2.000 m

Top of Pier Cap = 105.339 m

Bottom of Pier Cap = 103.589 m
Existing Ground Level = 98.806 m
Design foundation Level = 95.306 m

DESIGN DATA
Number of traffic lanes = 3 nos
Carriage-way width = 11 m
Footpaths and crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of footpaths = 0 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.5 m
Width of kerbs = 0 m
Overall width of deck = 12.00 m
C/C Distance of Piers Left Span 20.00 m
Right Span 20.00 m
Expansion Joint width = 40 mm
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) Left Span 19.96 m
Right SPan 19.96 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) Left Span 19.40 m
Right SPan 19.40 m
Type of super-structure = T-beam & Deck Slab
Width of bearing = 360 mm
Length of bearing = 500 mm
Width of Pedestal (Transeverse Dir.) = 0.8 m
Length of Pedestal (along bridge) = 0.55 m
Height of bearing Pedestals = 150 mm, min & 356 mm, max
Thickness of bearing = 96 mm
Number of bearings per span = 8 Nos.
Number of pedastals per span = 8 Nos.
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm (Uniform thick)
Column Diameter = 1800 mm

Materials used
Grade of concrete M 35
Grade of steel Fe 500

Density of Concrete 25 kN/m 3

Density of Soil 18 kN/m 3

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

As per Annexure A-1 of IRC:112-2011, following categories of ACTIONS are considered in the Design:
I - PERMANENT ACTION
A) PERMANENT ACTION - G
G1 Self Weight of Pier System due to Gravity
G2 Dead Load of Structure due to Gravity
G3 Back-Fill Weight
Fep Earth Pressure, Fep
Fs Secondary effects, such as Creep and Shrinkage, Fs
B) VARIABLE GRAVITY LOADS TREATED AS PERMANENT LOADS
G4 Superimposed Dead Loads - Hand Rail, Crash Barriers, Road Furniture,
Footpaths and other service loads
G5
Surfacing & Wearing Coat (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)

C) QUASI PERMANENT LOADS

T Temparature Load (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during the
structure's Life)
II - VARIABLE ACTIONS
A) DUE TO VEHICULAR MOVEMENT
Q Vehicular Live Load due to Gravity
Qim Impact Load due to Vehicular Gravity Loads
Longitudinal Loads
Fh Braking Force
Ff Bearing Friction
Fcf Centrifugal Force
Qfpl Pedestrian/Foot Path Load
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure
B) DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
W Wind Load
C) DUE TO HYDRAULIC ACTIONS
Gb Buoyancy Effects
Fwc Water Current Forces

III - ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS

A) IMPACT OF EXTERNAL BODIES
Vc Vehicle Collision on elements of Bridge Structure
B) SEISMIC HAZARDS
Inerta Loads due to Self-mass generated in bridge structure due to ground
motion
Inertial Loads due to mass of Vehicular Loads
Increase in Earth Pressure

The above listed forces are determined in detail and presented below.

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

G1 SELF WEIGHT OF PIER SYSTEM

Dimensions of Pier are as below, refer the sketch attached for description of various dimensions:
Following figure shows the arrangement of bearings on Pier Cap/Pile Cap and the dimensions are also shown.
1.375 2.75 0.65

750
R1 R2 R3 R4

2100
300
300
R5 R6 R7 R8
9.55 750

Section 2 Section 1

R1 & R5 R2 & R6 R3 & R7 R4 & R8 105.339

103.589

1750
750
Dia. of Pier

6.683
1.80 m
Bed Level 98.806

96.906
1600

95.306
750

7.500

Volume Weight,
Component Nos. Dimensions, m
Cu.m. kN
Pedestals 8 0.550 0.800 0.253 0.891 22.264
Pier Cap Baem 1 9.550 0.750 2.100 15.041 376.031
2 3.875 1.000 2.100 8.138 203.438
1 1.800 1.000 2.100 3.780 94.500
Pier 3.14 1.800 6.683 16.998 424.962
Foundation Elements
Trepizoidal Portion 1 2.100 7.500 0.850 25.781 644.513
Rectangular Portion 1 7.500 7.500 0.75 42.188 1054.69
Total 112.82 2820.40

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

G2 SUPERSTRUCTURE DEAD LOAD

The superstructure is proposed to be Tee-Beam Girders and in-situ RCC Slab system. The superstructure design is
covered under Separate Design Report. The total width of deck is 12.0m catering to three lane traffic and with crash
barriers on both sides.
Analysis results are separately obtained for w/c loads

STAAD analysis of the superstructure is conducted and the reactions on the sub-structure pedestals due to Dead Load
(DL) of superstructure, Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) and W/C loads are obtained and the same are tabulated
below. The analysis files are provided in Attachment A1.

DL effects on
Pedestal and Reaction identification
Pier System

On Pedestal, R1 415.6
On Pedestal, R2 377.9
On Pedestal, R3 377.9
On Pedestal, R4 415.6
On Pedestal, R5 415.6
On Pedestal, R6 377.9
On Pedestal, R7 377.9
On Pedestal, R8 415.6
Total 3174

Summary of pedestal loads are presented below - Due to Girder Self Weight:
Pedestal Reaction R1 & R5 R2 & R6 R3 & R7 R4 & R8
Total Reaction 831.200 755.800 755.800 831.200
Difference in Reaction 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Unbalanced Moment 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

G3 BACK-FILL WEIGHT
Width of Foundation = 7.500 m
Length of Foundation = 7.500 m
Existing Ground Level = 98.806 m
Foundation Level = 95.306 m
Volume of Concrete and Soil Over-burden = 196.88 m 3
Volume of Foundation Concrete = 67.97 m 3
Volume of Soil Over-burden = 128.91 m 3
Unit Weight of Soil overburden = 18 kN/m 3
Total Soil Overburden Weight = 2320.33 kN
Fep EARTH PRESSURE, Fep
Earth Pressure Forces are absent as the structure - Pier does not experience any Earth Pressure Forces.

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

G4 SIDL SUCH AS HAND RAILS, CRASH BARRIERS, FOOTPATHS& OTHER SERVICE LOADS
Support Reactions due to SIDLs are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:

SDL effects,
Pedestal and Reaction identification
except w/c
On Pedestal, R1 75.16
On Pedestal, R2 2.19
On Pedestal, R3 2.19
On Pedestal, R4 75.16
On Pedestal, R5 75.16
On Pedestal, R6 2.19
On Pedestal, R7 2.19
On Pedestal, R8 75.16
Total 309.4

Summary of pedestal loads are presented below - Due to SIDL:

Pedestal Reaction R1 & R5 R2 & R6 R3 & R7 R4 & R8
Total Reaction 150.320 4.380 4.380 150.320
Difference in Reaction 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Unbalanced Moment 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

G5 SURFACING & WEARING COAT LOADS (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
Support Reactions due to W/C are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
loads due to
Pedestal and Reaction identification
w/c
On Pedestal, R1 18.71
On Pedestal, R2 18.71
On Pedestal, R3 18.71
On Pedestal, R4 18.71
On Pedestal, R5 18.71
On Pedestal, R6 18.71
On Pedestal, R7 18.71
On Pedestal, R8 18.71
Total 149.68

Summary of pedestal loads are presented below - Due to Wearing Coat:

Pedestal Reaction R1 & R5 R2 & R6 R3 & R7 R4 & R8
Total Reaction 37.420 37.420 37.420 37.420
Difference in Reaction 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Unbalanced Moment 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

T TEMPARATURE LOADS (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during the structure's Life)
No such loads act on the Pier

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Q VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD DUE TO GRAVITY &

Qim IMPACT LOAD DUE TO VEHICULAR GRAVITY LOADS
ONE SPAN LOADED CONDITION:
All IRC Vehicles are kept longitudinally on superstructure in such a way to get maximum reaction on pier system under
consideration and reactions are found. The same are tabulated below:
Pedestal Loads
R1 R2 R3 R4
70R W 462.31 443.88 -16.11 -6.83
70RW + Class A 456.43 446.42 145.87 169.74
70RT 348.88 378.96 -30.79 1.98
70RT + Class A 343 381.5 131.2 178.54
Class A - One Lane 333.07 7.55 -0.44 -4.98
Class A - Two Lanes 347.61 220.78 117.5 -15.49
Class A - Three Lanes 341.73 223.31 279.49 161.08
R5 R6 R7 R8
70R W 0 0 0 0
70RW + Class A 0 0 0 0
70RT 0 0 0 0
70RT + Class A 0 0 0 0
Class A - One Lane 0 0 0 0
Class A - Two Lanes 0 0 0 0
Class A - Three Lanes 0 0 0 0

LL Case Axial Load, P MT, kNm ML, kNm Impact

Factor (%)
Without Impact
70R W 750.32 2181.25 225.10 17.72
70RW + Class A 1035.08 1355.67 310.52 17.72
70RT 635.48 1813.06 190.64 10.00
70RT + Class A 940.22 929.60 282.07 10.00
Class A - One Lane 284.75 1193.92 85.43 17.72
Class A - Two Lanes 569.50 1393.01 170.85 17.72
Class A - Three Lanes 854.26 567.41 256.28 17.72

Summary of pedestal loads and Moments are presented below:

Pedestal Reaction, with Impact Effects R1 & R5 ML (R1, R5) R2 & R6 ML (R2, R6)
70R W 462.310 138.693 443.88 133.164
70RW + Class A 456.430 136.929 446.42 133.926
70RT 348.880 104.664 378.96 113.688
70RT + Class A 343.000 102.9 381.5 114.45
Class A - One Lane 333.070 99.921 7.55 2.265
Class A - Two Lanes 347.610 104.283 220.78 66.234
Class A - Three Lanes 341.730 102.519 223.31 66.993

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

BOTH SPANS LOADED CONDITION

Pedestal Loads
R1 R2 R3 R4
70R W 462.31 443.88 -16.11 -6.83
70RW + Class A 456.43 446.42 145.87 169.74
70RT 348.88 378.96 -30.79 1.98
70RT + Class A 343 381.5 131.2 178.54
Class A - One Lane 333.07 7.55 -0.44 -4.98
Class A - Two Lanes 347.61 220.78 117.5 -15.49
Class A - Three Lanes 341.73 223.31 279.49 161.08
R5 R6 R7 R8
70R W 163.28 117.38 26.11 -12.85
70RW + Class A 156.75 122.09 177.35 154.65
70RT 39.62 24.96 10.42 -4.04
70RT + Class A 33.1 29.67 161.67 163.45
Class A - One Lane 315.51 7.4 -1.05 -4.94
Class A - Two Lanes 330.57 206.11 112.49 -15.33
Class A - Three Lanes 324.05 210.81 263.73 152.16

Impact
LL Case Axial Load, P MT, kNm ML, kNm
Factor (%)
Without Impact
70R W 1000.004 2905.05 150.19 17.71654
70RW + Class A 1553.987 1298.49 154.85 17.71654
70RT 699.991 1994.96 171.29 10
70RT + Class A 1292.845 275.79 176.28 10
Class A - One Lane 553.975 2326.71 4.66 17.71654
Class A - Two Lanes 1107.950 2714.46 9.32 17.71654
Class A - Three Lanes 1661.925 1107.93 13.98 17.71654

Summary of pedestal loads are presented below:

Pedestal Reaction, with Impact Effects R1 & R5 ML (R1, R5) R2 & R6 ML (R2, R6)
70R W 625.590 89.709 561.260 97.950
70RW + Class A 613.180 89.904 568.510 97.299
70RT 388.500 92.778 403.920 106.200
70RT + Class A 376.100 92.970 411.170 105.549
Class A - One Lane 648.580 5.268 14.950 0.045
Class A - Two Lanes 678.180 5.112 426.890 4.401
Class A - Three Lanes 665.780 5.304 434.120 3.750

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Fh BRAKING FORCE CALCULATIONS

Provisions of Clause 211 of IRC:6-2010 are followed.
Reaction Reaction on
Reaction due
due to third Braking Pedestal, kN
Vehicular LL Case to 2-Lane
Lane Force, kN
Loading Horizontal Vertical
Loading
70R W 1000.00 0.00 100.00 25.00 5.16
70RW + Class A 1000.00 540.00 113.50 28.38 5.86
70RT 700.00 0.00 70.00 17.50 3.62
70RT + Class A 700.00 540.00 83.50 20.88 4.31
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.00 54.00 13.50 2.79
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.00 108.00 27.00 5.58
Class A - Three Lanes 1080.00 540.00 121.50 30.38 6.27

Reduction as provided in Clause 205 of IRC:6 - 2010 is not applied.

Ff BEARING FRICTION
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrinkage.
Refer Clause no. 211 of IRC:6-2010
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 0.0000117
Maximum temperature variation = 17.5 deg.
Temperature Strain = 0.00020475
Total Strain = 0.00040475
Total change in the length of the longitudinal girder = 8.08 mm
Design change in length (10% more is considered) = 8.89 mm
Change in length effective per support = 4.44 mm
Details of Bearings Adopted are:
Length lo = 500 mm
Breath bo = 360 mm
Overall Thickness = 96 mm
Side cover, c = 6 mm
Outer Cover h e = 6 mm
Number of layers of neoprane = 5 nos.
Number of Steel Plates = 4 Nos.
Thickness of Elastomer h i = 12 mm
Thickness of steel plates h s = 4 mm
Effective Width of Bearing = 348 mm
Effective Length of Bearing = 488 mm
Effective thickness of Baering = 72 mm
Shear strain in bearing = 0.06171
Shear Modulus of Bearing Material = 1.00 N/mm 2
Shear Stress in Bearing = 0.06171 N/mm 2
Total number of bearings/Span/Support = 4 Nos.
Induced shear force at the bottom of bearing = 41.921 kN
Horizontal load on each support (in longitudinal direction) = 41.921 kN
This force acts at RL (+) 105.901
Horizontal load on each pedestal (in longitudinal direction) = 10.480 kN

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Fcf CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Centrifugal Force, C = W x V 2 /(127 x R), where
W = Vehicular Live Load on Abutment in kN
As listed in the Table below
V = Design Speed of the vehicle, in Kmph
100 kmph
R = Radious of Curvature in meters
= 0 m
acts @ RL (+) 109.101 m

MT at
MT at Top of
Reaction on Centrifugal Foundatio
Live Load Case Foundation
Pier, W, kN Force, C, kN n Level,
Level, kNm
kNm
70R W 1000.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RW + Class A 1000.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT 700.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT + Class A 700.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Three Lanes 1080.00 0.000 0.000 0.000

Qfpl PEDESTRIAN/FOOTPATH LIVE LOADS

The Bridge deck does not carry Footpaths

Fcp LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE PRESSURE

The Pier does not exerience any surcharge pressure

W WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Clause 209 of IRC:6 are followed in determining the Wind Load Effects on the bridge elements.
Span Details for Estimating Wind Forces
On Left Side = 19.96 m
On Right Side = 19.96 m
Height of the crash barrier/parapet wall = 1.00 m
Lowest Bed Level = 98.806 m
Height of the structure above the existing ground level = 10.095 m
Terrain Category = 1
PLAIN TERRAIN
Hourly Mean Speed of WIND, V z = 27.800 m/Sec
Horizontal Wind Pressure, P z = 463.700 N/m 2
0.464 kN/m 2
Wind Zone = 2
Basic Wind Speed as per Figure 6 of IRC:6 - 2010 = 50 m/Sec
Multiplying Factor for Wind Zone Effect = 1.515
WIND FORCES ON SUPERSTRUCTURE
Design Transverse Wind Force, F T = P Z x A 1 x G x C D , where
Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m 2
0.703 kN/m 2

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 Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

A1 = Solid Area of Exposure

29.940 m 2 , on Left Side Span
29.940 m 2 , on Right Side Span
Total Area, A 1 59.88 m 2
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient
Type of Superstructure = 2 DECK GIRDER SYSTEM
CD = Calculated As Below
Width of the Deck = 12.00 m
Depth of Construction = 2.000 m
Ratio = 6.0
Hence, C D = 1.95
Transverse Force On Left Side Superstructure = 82.04 kN
Transverse Force On Right Side Superstructure 82.04 kN
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 164.07 kN
acts @ RL (+) 107.40 m
Longitudinal Fforce On Left Side Superstructure = 20.51 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Longitudinal Force On Right Side Superstructure = 20.51 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 41.02 kN
acts @ RL (+) 107.40 m

Design Wind Lift Force, F L = P Z x A 3 x G x C L , where

Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m 2
0.927 kN/m 2
A3 = Area of Exposure in Plan
119.760 m 2 , on Left Side Span
119.760 m 2 , on Right Side Span
Total Area, A 3 239.52 m 2
G = Gust Factor
2
CL = Drag Coefficient
0.75
Design Wind Uplift Force on Left Side Superstructure = 166.60 kN
Design Wind Uplift Force on Right Side Superstructure = 166.60 kN
Total Design Wind Uplift Force on Superstructure = 333.20 kN

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

WIND FORCES ON MOVING VLL

Design Transverse Wind Force, F T = P Z x A 1 x G x C D , where

Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m 2
0.703 kN/m 2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
59.88 m 2 , as per clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6 - 2010
Thus, Wind Load on VLL does not depend on the Type of Vehicle, it depends only on the span arrangement
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6)
1.2
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 100.97 kN
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 25.24 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
acts @ RL (+) 109.40 m
WIND FORCES ON SUB-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS
The Pier is a three Column System and the bridge is skew. In order to take the ske effects into consideration, the
exposed area of pier cap is accordingly taken and the exposed width of the piers is taken as the outer to outer
disatnce of the columns.
Soffit Level of Girders = 105.901 m
Pier Cap bottom Level = 103.589 m
Bed/Ground Level = 98.806 m
Wdith of Pier Cap Beam = 2.100 m
Skew Angle = 0.000 radians
Exposed Width of Pier Cap Baem = 2.10 m
Width of Pier Column = 1.80 m
Exposed Width of Column System = 1.800 m
Exposed Area of Pier Cap Beam = 4.85 Sq.m.
Exposed Area of Pier System = 8.61 Sq.m.
Height/Breadth for Pier Cap = 1.10
Ratio of Plan Dimensions - for Pier Cap = 4.55
Drag Coefficient for Pier Cap - refer Table 5 of IRC:6 = 0.80
Gust Factor = 2
Wind Force on Pier Cap = 5.46 kN
Acts @ RL (+) 104.745 m
Height/Breadth for Pier System = 2.66
Ratio of Plan Dimensions - for Pier Column = 1.00
Drag Coefficient for Pier Column - refer Table 5 of IRC:6 = 0.70
Gust Factor = 2.00
Wind Force on Pier Column = 8.47 kN
Acts @ RL (+) 101.198 m
Total Wind Effects are summarized below - Both Spans existing
Transverse Longitudinal Vertical
Element Details Force, Acts @
Force, kN Acts @ RL Force, kN Acts @ RL
kN RL
On Superstructure 164.074 107.401 41.018 107.401 333.20
On VLL 100.969 109.401 25.242 109.401
On Pier Cap 5.457 104.745 0.000 104.745
On Pier System 8.469 101.198 0.000 101.198
278.968 66.261 333.20

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Total Wind Effects are summarized below - One Spans existing

Transverse Longitudinal Vertical
Element Details Force, Acts @
Force, kN Acts @ RL Force, kN Acts @ RL
kN RL
On Superstructure 82.037 107.401 20.509 107.401 83.299
On VLL 0.000 109.401 0.000 109.401
On Pier Cap 5.457 104.745 0.000 104.745
On Pier System 8.469 101.198 0.000 101.198
95.963 20.509 83.299
Gb BUOYANCY EFFECTS:
The Pier does not experience any Bouyancy effects, especially as it is a Grade Separator

Vc VEHICLE COLLISION LOAD ON SUPPORTS

Refer Clause 222 of IRC:6-2010

As per this clasue, no additional forces need to be considered for a possible collision of vehicle with Abutment and it
shall be considered if the Pier is not separated by 4.5m from the Carriageway of the traffic below the GS.

Hence, these forces are considered in the design. Detailed Caculations are done below.

The Collision Load Diagram is as shown below 105.339 Top of Pier Cap Level

P L 50 99.556
kN
0.75
P T 100 98.806 Ground Level -
kN
96.906

95.306 Foundation Level

The Pier is assumed to be Fixed at foundation level

and free at the top - pier cap top level
The internal forces are estimated and tabulated below:
HL HT ML MT
Details
kN kN kNm kNm
At Foundation Level 50.00 100.00 212.50 425.00
At Top of Foundation Level 50.00 100.00 132.50 265.00

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Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

FeqT SEISMIC EFFECTS - Longitudinal and transverse Directions

& Road crest level = 107.901
FeqL Foundation Level = 95.306
Grade of concrete M 35
Youngs modulus of concrete, E cm = 32000 N/mm 2
Provisions of IRC: 6 - 2010 for estimating the design horizontal seismic coefficient , A h are folowed and the
calculations are presented below.
Design horizontal seismic coefficient , a h = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (S a /g) Where
Z = Zone factor, Refer Table No.6, Clause 219.6 of IRC:6-2010
(for modorate seismic intensity, Zone III)
= 0.16
I = Importance factor, Ref table No. 7, Clause 219.5.1.1
= 1.20
R = Response reduction factor, charecerized by ductility level of structure
Ref. Table No. 8 & Note below the Table For ordinary moment resisting frames
2.50
Estimation of S a /g is done below - It depends on foundation strata, structural dampness and natural frequency of
structure
Top Of Pier Cap = 105.339
Top of Foundation Level = 96.906
Height of Frame (From top of PIER Cap to Bottom of Foundation Level) = 8.433 m
Grade of concrete M 35
Young's modulus of concrete = 31500 N/mm 2
Moment of Inertia of Column Section = 5.15E+11 mm 4
Deflection of tip = FL 3 /12EI
Horizontal load required to produce unit (1mm) deflection, F = 324584 N
324.58 kN
Dead load reaction from super structure = 0.00 kN

Live load reaction from super structure = 1000.00 kN

Total Vertical Load , D = 1000.00 kN
0.5
Fundamental TIME PERIOD (T s ) = 2 x (D/1000xF) = 0.111 sec
Fundamental natural freequency, T s in sec = 0.111 Seconds
For Hard soil
= 2.500
sites S a /g
(as the piles are taken to hard soil)
Assum the % of dampness = 5
As per 219.5.1 of IRC:6 - 2010, Multiplying Factor = 1
Effective value of Sa/g = 2.500
Hence, a h = 0.096
Design horizontal seismic coefficient taken is = 0.096

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Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Inertia Load Seismic Horizontal Load,

Description of Inertia Force Level where it acts
(kN) kN
Pier System
Pedestals 22.26 2.137 105.466
Pier Cap Beam 579.47 55.629 104.464
Pier 424.96 40.796 100.248

Dead Load of Superstructure

Superstructure DL and SDL 3633.080 348.776 107.701
Vehicular Live Load
As per Clause 222.7 of IRC:6-2000, The seismic force due to live load need not be considered in the
direction of traffic (longitudinal direction), but shall be considered in the direction perpendicular to the traffic
(transverse direction).

However, As per Clause 219.5.2 of IRC:6

- 2010, 20% live load shall be considered 109.101
for calculating the seismic forces.

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 96.906

Axial Load,
Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Pier System 1121.20
Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 1587.00
Both Span existing Condition 3174.00
Back-fill Weight 2320.33
Earth Pressure
SIDL, other than W/C 309.40
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 149.68
Vehicular Loading, without Impact
One Side Loaded Condition
70R W 750.32 225.10 2181.2
70RW + Class A 1035.08 310.52 1355.7
70RT 635.48 190.64 1813.1
70RT + Class A 940.22 282.07 929.6
Class A - One Lane 284.75 85.43 1193.9
Class A - Two Lanes 569.50 170.85 1393.0
Class A - Three Lanes 854.26 256.28 567.4
Both Sides Loaded Condition
70R W 1000.00 150.19 2905.0
70RW + Class A 1553.99 154.85 1298.5
70RT 699.99 171.29 1995.0
70RT + Class A 1292.85 176.28 275.8
Class A - One Lane 553.97 4.66 2326.7
Class A - Two Lanes 1107.95 9.32 2714.5
Class A - Three Lanes 1661.92 13.98 1107.9

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Breaking Forces

70R W 20.66 100.00 1219.50

70RW + Class A 23.45 113.50 1384.13
70RT 14.46 70.00 853.65
70RT + Class A 17.25 83.50 1018.28
Class A - One Lane 11.16 54.00 658.53
Class A - Two Lanes 22.31 108.00 1317.06
Class A - Three Lanes 25.10 121.50 1481.69
Bearing Friction Effects 41.92 363.85
Centrifugal Forces

70R W 0.00 0.0

70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0
70RT 0.00 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0
Wind Forces
One Side Loaded Condition 83.30 20.51 95.96 215.24 940.1
Both Sides Loaded Condition 333.196 66.26 278.97 745.89 3062.7
Vehicular Collision Load 0.000 50.00 100.00 132.50 265.00
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 447.34 4340.12
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 461.74 4515.8
70RW + Class A 467.21 4582.5
70RT 459.54 4488.9
70RT + Class A 465.39 4560.3
Class A - One Lane 452.81 4406.8
Class A - Two Lanes 458.27 4473.5
Class A - Three Lanes 463.74 4540.1
Both Sides Loaded Condition
70R W 466.54 4574.3
70RW + Class A 477.17 4704.0
70RT 460.78 4504.0
70RT + Class A 472.16 4642.8
Class A - One Lane 457.97 4469.8
Class A - Two Lanes 468.61 4599.5
Class A - Three Lanes 479.25 4729.3

Tamilnadu State Highways Page No. P-15

Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Summary of forces at Bottom of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 95.306

Axial Load,
Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Pier System 2820.40
Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 1587.00
Both Span existing Condition 3174.00
Back-fill Weight 2320.33
Earth Pressure
SIDL, other than W/C 309.40
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 149.68
Vehicular Loading, without Impact
One Side Loaded Condition
70R W 750.32 225.10 2181.2
70RW + Class A 1035.08 310.52 1355.7
70RT 635.48 190.64 1813.1
70RT + Class A 940.22 282.07 929.6
Class A - One Lane 284.75 85.43 1193.9
Class A - Two Lanes 569.50 170.85 1393.0
Class A - Three Lanes 854.26 256.28 567.4
Both Sides Loaded Condition
70R W 1000.00 150.19 2905.0
70RW + Class A 1553.99 154.85 1298.5
70RT 699.99 171.29 1995.0
70RT + Class A 1292.85 176.28 275.8
Class A - One Lane 553.97 4.66 2326.7
Class A - Two Lanes 1107.95 9.32 2714.5
Class A - Three Lanes 1661.92 13.98 1107.9
Breaking Forces

70R W 20.66 100.00 1379.50

70RW + Class A 23.45 113.50 1565.73
70RT 14.46 70.00 965.65
70RT + Class A 17.25 83.50 1151.88
Class A - One Lane 11.16 54.00 744.93
Class A - Two Lanes 22.31 108.00 1489.86
Class A - Three Lanes 25.10 121.50 1676.09
Bearing Friction Effects 41.92 430.93
Centrifugal Forces
One Side Loaded Condition
70R W 0.0 0.0
70RW + Class A 0.0 0.0
70RT 0.0 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.0 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.0 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.0 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.0 0.0

Tamilnadu State Highways Page No. P-16

Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator @ Medavakkam
Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Pier Group - PD2

Wind Forces
One Side Loaded Condition 83.30 20.5 96.0 248.1 1093.6
Both Sides Loaded Condition 333.20 66.3 279.0 851.9 3509.0
Vehicular Collision Load 0.000 50.0 100.0 212.5 425.0
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 447.3 5055.9
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 461.7 5254.6
70RW + Class A 467.2 5330.0
70RT 459.5 5224.2
70RT + Class A 465.4 5304.9
Class A - One Lane 452.8 5131.3
Class A - Two Lanes 458.3 5206.7
Class A - Three Lanes 463.7 5282.1
Both Sides Loaded Condition
70R W 466.5 5320.7
70RW + Class A 477.2 5467.5
70RT 460.8 5241.3
70RT + Class A 472.2 5398.3
Class A - One Lane 458.0 5202.6
Class A - Two Lanes 468.6 5349.3
Class A - Three Lanes 479.2 5496.0

Tamilnadu State Highways Page No. P-17