Lecture 5 (Week 3) Research Method

Research Design
Lecture 5
Introduction
• Background
• Knowledge gap
• Theoretical gap
• Methodological gap
• Contextual gap
• Supporting Theory
• Problem Statement
• Significance
• Theoretical Significance
• Practical Significance
• Contextual Significance
Literature Review
• Define Research Question: Clearly outline purpose and scope.
• Identify Relevant Databases: Choose pertinent sources.
• Develop Search Terms: Create list of keywords.
• Organize and Summarize: Group by themes and summarize findings.
• Develop hypotheses
• Write the Review: Structure logically with clear headings.
• Cite and Reference: Properly cite all sources.
Research Design
• Research design refers to the overall plan or strategy that guides a
research project from its conception to the final analysis of data
• A good research design serves as a blueprint for how you as the
researcher will collect and analyze data while ensuring consistency
reliability.
Research Designs
Qualitative Research Design Quantitative Research Design
• Phenomenological • Descriptive Research
• Grounded Theory • Correlational Research
• Ethnographic • Experimental Research
• Case Study • Quasi-Experimental Research
• Longitudinal Research
Qualitative Research Design
• Type of research design involves exploring the meaning of life experiences and
how they are perceived by individuals
• Phenomenological design seeks to understand people’s perspectives emotions
and behaviors in specific situations
• The aim of researchers is to uncover the essence of human experience without
making any assumptions or imposing preconceived ideas on their subjects
• For example, you could adopt a phenomenological design to study why cancer
survivors have such varied perceptions of their lives after overcoming their
disease in practical terms you could achieve this by interviewing survivors and
then analyzing the data using a qualitative analysis method such as thematic
analysis to identify commonalities and differences
• Involves using in-depth interviews or open-ended questionnaires.
Grounded Theory
• Research design aims to develop theories by continuously analyzing
and comparing collected data from a relatively large number of
participants
• Grounded Theory takes an inductive bottom-up approach with a focus
on letting the data speak for itself without being influenced by pre-
existing theories or the researchers preconceptions
• It typically involves collecting data through interviews or observations
and then analyzing it to identify patterns and themes that emerge from
the data these emerging ideas are then validated by collecting more
data until a saturation point.
Ethnographic
• Ethnographic research is a qualitative research method that involves
observing and studying people in their natural environment to
understand their cultural practices, behaviors, and social interactions.
• Features:
• Participant Observation
• Field Notes
• Interviews
• Analysis
• Benefits: Provides rich, contextual insights
• Challenges: Time-consuming, requires trust-building
Case Study
• Definition: A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth
examination of a single subject or case, often focusing on a particular
context or issue.
• Features:
• Detailed Examination
• Contextual Analysis
• Multiple Data Sources
• Benefits: Provides detailed insights, allows for in-depth analysis
• Challenges: Limited generalizability, potential bias
• Examples: Patient case studies, business strategy analysis, educational
interventions
Quantitative Research Design
Descriptive Research
• Definition: Descriptive research is a quantitative research method that
involves observing and describing the characteristics of a population
or phenomenon without influencing it.
• Features:
• Objective Description
• Large Sample Size
• Statistical Analysis
• Benefits: Provides numerical data
• Challenges: Limited depth
• Examples: Surveys, Census Data
Correlational Research
• Definition: Correlational research is a quantitative research method that
examines the relationship between two or more variables without
manipulating them.
• Features:
• Statistical Analysis
• Strength and Direction
• Positive, Negative, or No Correlation
• Applications: Psychology, Education, Economics
• Benefits: Identifies relationships
• Challenges: Cannot establish causation
• Examples: Examining the relationship between study habits and academic
performance, or between income and health outcomes.
Experimental research
• Experimental research is a quantitative research method that involves
manipulating one or more variables to observe the effect on another
variable, while controlling for other variables.
• Features:
• Manipulation of Variables
• Control Group
• Cause-and-Effect Relationships
• Benefits: Establishes causation, allows for control over variables
• Challenges: Ethical considerations, potential for bias
• Examples: Testing new medicines, seeing how different teaching
methods affect learning
Longitudinal Research
• Longitudinal Research: Involves the collection of data from the same
group of participants over an extended period. It aims to track
changes in the variables of interest over time.
• Time: Data is collected at multiple points in time, allowing for the observation
of changes over time.
• Same Participants: The same group of participants is studied throughout the
research period.
• Trend Analysis: Researchers can identify trends, patterns, and developmental
paths.
• Retention: Maintaining participant engagement and retention over time is
crucial.
Qualitative Research Project
• Students need to select any topic from the management domain (broadly
defined). They will have to conduct an ethnographic study and/or
interviews and write a project report entailing: i) Introduction; ii) Data
collection; iii) Transcription and coding of the collected data; iv) Analysis of
data; v) Linking with the existing literature and development of a coherent
outcome/framework to conclude the study.
a. Group of 5 students max.
b. Report length: Maximum 8 pages excluding references and
annexures.
• Font Size: 12;
• Font Style: Times New Roman
• Spacing: 1.15

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Research Design

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