Measurements and Units

Measurements and Units
What is Measurement?
MEASUREMENT – is a process of comparing a thing with a standard to see
how many times it is bigger or smaller.
 Has two parts; a number (answers how many) and a unit (answers of what)
example:
150 meters Unit
Number
System of
Measurement
English System of Measurement
 Pounds
 Yards
 Inch
 Feet
 Ounce
 gallon
Useful Equivalence
Length Volume Mass
1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 qt = 0.946 l 1 oz = 28.35 g
1 ft = 12 in = 30.48 cm 1 gal = 3.785 l 1 lb = 453.6
1 yd = 3 ft = 0.9144 m 1 ml = 1 cm3 1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 m = 39.37 in
1 mi = 1.609 km
(angstrom) 1 A = 1 x 10-10 m
1 nm = 10 A
Metric System
SI – International System of Units (Systeme Internationale); system of
units founded on seven (7) base units and is a revision and extension of
the metric system.
Base Quantity Base Unit
Length meter (m)
Mass kilogram (g)
Temperature kelvin (K)
Time Second (s)
Amount of substance mole (mol)
Electric current ampere (A)
Luminous intensity candela (cd)
Prefixes used with SI units
Prefix Symbol Meaning Example
Tera- T 10 12 1 terameter (Tm) = 1 x 10 12 m
Giga- G 10 9 1 gigameter (Gm) = 1 x 10 9 m
Mega- M 10 6 1 megameter (Mm) = 1 x 10 6 m
Kilo- k 10 3 1 kilometer (km) = 1 x 10 3 m
Deci- d 10 -1 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 m
Centi- c 10 -2 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 m
Milli- m 10 -3 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 m
Micro- μ 10 -6 1 micrometer (μm) = 1 x 10 -6 m
Nano- n 10 -9 1 nanometer (nm) = 1 x 10 -9 m
Pico- p 10 -12 1 picometer (pm) = 1 x 10 -12 m
Derived Units (SI)
Quantity Unit Symbol
Volume cubic meter m3
Density gram/milliliter g/ml
Speed/Velocity meter/second m/s
Force newton N or (kg m/s2)
Energy joule Nm or (kg m2/s2)
Power watt W or (J/s2)
Quantity of electricity coulomb C
Electric potential volt V or (W/A)
Laboratory Measurements
 Length
 Mass
 Volume
 Density
 Temperature
Length
 Length is the measure of distance or duration of time.
 The SI base unit of length is the Meter (m), however for
most laboratory measurements, the centimeter and the
milliliter are more convenient units.
 Ex:
1 km = 1000 m or 103 m
1 cm = 0.01 m or 10-2 m
1 m = 100 cm or 102 cm
Mass
 Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object,
though the terms are often used interchangeably in
chemistry, they refer to different quantities.
 For scientific purposes, weight refers to the force that
gravity exerts on an object.
 The SI base unit of mass is kilogram but the smaller unit
gram is more convenient to use.
Ex: 1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 10 3 g
Volume
 Volume is length in meters cubed and thus the SI
derived unit is cubic meter (m3). However, smaller
units like dm3 and cm3 are more convenient to use.
 The units liter and milliliter are also often used in
the laboratory.
Ex: Liquid (liter (L), millilitres (ml))
Solid (cubic centimeter (cm3))
Density
 Density is the mass of the object divided


by its volume.
Density =
d= / m v
Temperature
 Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale
Temperature scales:
 Fahrenheit (oF)- defines the normal freezing point and boiling point of water to be exactly
32oF and 212oF respectively; most commonly used in the United States
 Celsius (oC) – divides the freezing point (0oC) and boiling point (100oC) of water into 100
degrees
 Kelvin (K) – one degree Celsius is equal in magnitude to one Kelvin; the only difference is
that the zero position is shifted such that 0oC = 273.15 K
Conversion:
oC = 5/9 (oF - 32)
oF = 9/5oC + 32
K = ( oC + 273.15oC)
Conversion Of Units Or Dimensional Analysis

 Using the dimensional analysis or factor-
label method simplifies conversion
between various units. A conversion factor
which is written in the form of a ratio is
used to change the units given in the data
to the units asked for in the answer.
Sample Problems
1.The length of a piece of wood if 13.25 cm. Express this in kilometers.
2.The volume of a block of wood is 16 cm3. What is its volume in cubic
meters?
3.A sample of mercury has a volume of 0.250 L and weighs 3.40 kg.
Calculate the density of mercury in g/cm3.
4.How many cubic centimeters (cm3) are there in 0.15 L?
5.A kilogram of atis costs P20.00. how many kilograms can you buy if you
have P90.00?
6.A tablet contains 5 mg of antibiotic. If the doctor orders 0.15 g of the
antibiotic, how many tablets are needed?
Quiz
1. Blood plasma volume for adults is about 3.1 L. Its density is
1.020 g/cm3. How many pounds of blood plasma are in your
body?
2. Carbon dioxide, CO2, at room temperature (70oF) is a gas. It can
be frozen at -69.7oF and 5 atm pressure to solid carbon dioxide,
popularly known as dry ice. What is the freezing point of carbon
dioxide in oC?
Assignment
In the United States, cigarettes are
smoked at the rate of 20,000 cigarettes
per second. At this rate, how many are
smoked in one day?

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 Density is the mass of the object divided

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