DC Gen Lec1

TYPES OF SELF-EXCITED
GENERATORS
1. SHUNT WOUND GENERATOR
 The field coils are in parallel with the

armature coil and have the full voltage of
the generator applied across them.
 In a shunt wound generator, the field

winding is connected across the armature
winding forming a parallel or shunt
circuit.
 Terminal voltage:
 Shunt field current:
 Power Developed:
 Armature current:
 Power Output:
2. SERIES FIELD GENERATOR
 The field coils are connected in series with the
armature.
 A series-wound generator the field coils are

connected in series with the armature winding.
The series field winding carries the armature
current. The series field winding consists of a
few turns of wire of thick wire of larger cross-
sectional area and having low resistance
usually of the order of less than 1 ohm because
the armature current has a very large value.
 Series field current:

 Power Output:
3. COMPOUND GENERATOR
 The field excitation is partly supplied by the series field and shunt field coils.
Compound generators can either be short-shunt or long-shunt.
 In a compound generator, the shunt field is always stronger than the series field.
 When the series field aids the shunt field, generator is said to be cumulatively
compounded.
 When the series field opposes the shunt field, the generator is differentially
compounded.
a. Short shunt compound generator
 The shunt field coil is connected

across the armature circuit only.
 In a Short Shunt Compound

Wound Generator, the shunt
field winding is connected in
parallel with the armature
winding only.
 Shunt field current:
 Power Output:
b. Long shunt compound generator
 The series coil is connected in series

with the armature circuit.
 In a long shunt wound generator, the

shunt field winding is parallel with
both armature and series field
winding.

 Series field current: Power Developed:
 Terminal voltage: Power Output:

Where:  = generated emf or voltage
V = terminal or load voltage
= armature winding resistance
= shunt field winding resistance
= series field winding resistance
= armature current
= shunt field current
= load or line current
= power drawn by the load
= power generated in the armature
 Brush Contact Drop. It is the voltage drop over the brush
contact resistance when current passes from commutator
segments to brushes and finally to the external load circuit.
 It is: 0.5 V  For metal-graphite brushes

 2.0V  For carbon brushes
DIVERTERS
 Diverter. It is low-resistance path which is connected in
parallel with the series field coil to vary the compounding of
the generator. The generator can be over-compounded, flat-
compounded or under-compounded.
 If the rated voltage is the greater than the no-
load voltage, the generator is over-
compounded.
 Over compound generator. An over-

compound generator is one whose terminal
voltage rises with the application: of load so
that its full-load voltage exceeds its no-load
voltage (negative regulation).
 If the rated load voltage is the same as the no-
load voltage, the generator is flat-compounded.
 Flat-compound generator. A flat compound

generator has a load-voltage characteristic in
which the no-load and full-load voltages are
equal (zero per cent regulations.
 If the rated load voltage is the less than
the no-load voltage, the generator is
under-compounded.
 Under-compound generator. An under-

compound generator has a load
characteristic in which the full load
voltage is somewhat less than no-load
voltage, but whose aiding series-field
ampere-turns cause its characteristic to
have better regulation than an equivalent
shunt generator.
GENERATED EMF OF A
DC GENERATOR

Where: = generated emf in volts

The generated emf of a DC generator
P = number of poles
is:
n = speed of prime mover in rpm
Z = no. of armature conductors
= flux per pole in Weber
a = no. of armature current paths
1 Weber = 1x Maxwells
TOTAL LOSSES IN A DC
GENERATOR
 The following are the total losses in a DC generator:
 1. COPPER LOSSES
a. Armature copper loss

b. Shunt field copper loss
c. Brush contact copper loss
b. Series field copper loss
 2. MAGNETIC LOSSES (IRON OR CORE LOSSES)
a. Hysteresis Loss. This is due to the magnetic heating of the

armature.
b. Eddy Current Loss. This loss is due to the flow of eddy currents in
the body of the armature.

 3. MECHANICAL LOSSES
a. Friction Loss
b. Air friction Loss
 Stray Losses or Stray Power Losses. These are the
magnetic losses plus the mechanical losses.
These are also called as rotational losses.
 Constant or Standing Loss. These are the stray
losses plus the shunt field copper loss.

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TYPES OF SELF-EXCITED

 The field coils are in parallel with the

 In a shunt wound generator, the field

 A series-wound generator the field coils are

 The shunt field coil is connected

 In a Short Shunt Compound

 The series coil is connected in series

 In a long shunt wound generator, the

 Terminal voltage: Power Output:

 It is: 0.5 V  For metal-graphite brushes

 Over compound generator. An over-

 Flat-compound generator. A flat compound

 Under-compound generator. An under-

a. Armature copper loss

a. Hysteresis Loss. This is due to the magnetic heating of the

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