Voltage Build Up of A D

Voltage Build up of a D.
C Generator
1.
open circuit its shunt field resistance should be less then the critical resistance.
2.
If excited on load circuits its shunt field resistance should more then a certain minimum
value of resistive which is given by internal
This curve is a OCC curve. Rc is critical resistance. Rsh is shunt field resistance.
Before loading a shunt generator it is allowed to build up its voltage.
Usually there is always present Residual magnetism in the poles; hence a small E.M.F.
is produced initially. This E.M.F. circulates a small current in the field circuit which
increases the pole flux. When flux is increased, generated E.M.F is increased which
farther increases the flux.
OA is the induced E.M.F. due to residual magnetism & Oa flowing current.
This current aids residual flux and hence provides a large induced E.M.F. Oa. In turn,
this increased E.M.F Ob causes an even large current Oc which creates more flux for a
still large E.M.F.
1.
2.
Now the generated e.m.f in the armature has

Supply the ohomic drop IfRsh
To oversees the opposing self induced e.m.f in the field coil.
If Rsh grater then Rc the generator will failed to excite.

CONDITIONS FOR BUILD-UP OF A SHUNT GENERATOR:
1.
There must be some residual magnetism in the generator poles.
2.
For the given direction of rotation the shunt field coils should be correctly connected to
the armature.
3.
If excited on characteristics.
VOLTAGE REGULATION:
The voltage regulation of a DC generator is the change in voltage. When the load is reduced
from rated value to zero expressed as a percentage of voltage regulation.
% VR = [VNL VFL] / VFL
% VR = [VNL VRL] / VRL

If , Voltage at no load
VNL = 240 V
Q: Why you refer less voltage regulation?

ANS
We prefer terminal voltage constant
want VFL high so %VR less.
ARMATURE REACTION:
By armature reaction is meant the effect of magnetic field set up by armature current on the
distribution of flux under main pole of a generator.
Armature magnetic field has two effect;
demagnetizes or weakens the main flux. So the induced e.m.f in the armature is decreased.
It cross magnetize or distorts it.
When a generator is driven at constant speed without its shunt circuit being
closed, a very small residual voltage (1 to 5 volts) appears at its terminals
because of the residual magnetism remaining in the iron. When the field circuit is
properly connected, the residual voltage forces a small exciting current through
the field circuit and thereby increases the field strength.
Because of the increased field strength , the generated voltage increases. This
reciprocal action continues until a point of stability is reached at which the flux
produced by the current in the field is just sufficient to generate the voltage
required to produce the field current. Most modern generators are so designed
that, with no resistance in series with the field, the voltage will rise to about 125
per cent of rated value. This condition is represented by the point a in Fig. 10-15.
The straight line Oa is called a field resistance line because its slope V/I f is equal
to Rf, the resistance of the field circuit including the field rheostat. After the
voltage has built up, it may be adjusted to any desired value between a and c by
increasing the resistance of the field circuit by means of its rheostat. Generators
are usually designed so that the rated voltage is generated at the point b or at
somewhat higher field current. For every value of field-circuit resistance, the
resistance line will have a particular slope, such as Od or Ob.
Fig. 10-15.
Generator
SelfExcitation
Curve
If the resistance is made so high that the slope of the resistance line, as Oe, is
equal to or greater than that of the lower straight part of the magnetization
curve, the voltage of the generator will collapse and will drop to the residual
value O'. A generator may fail to build up for any of the following reasons:
1. Field-circuit resistance too high; including open circuit.
2. Speed too low.
3. Residual magnetism lost.
4. Direction of rotation incorrect.
5. Generator terminals connected to external circuit of too low resistance.
6. Shunt-field terminals reversed.
A If the generator speed be reduced, the magnetization curve will be reduced in
height proportionately, as shown by the dash curve of Fig. 10-15. Whereas at
rated speed the generator would build up when the field resistance line is Ob,
this line is too steep to permit build-up at the reduced speed. If the direction of
rotation is incorrect, the residual voltage will force current through the field coils
in a direction to demagnetize the field, and build-up cannot occur. If the
generator is connected to a load circuit of too low resistance, the load-circuit
current due to residual voltage may, by its magnetizing action in the armature,
prevent build-up. Residual magnetism may be restored by connecting the field
circuit to any suitable source of direct current.

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Voltage Build up of a D.

Before loading a shunt generator it is allowed to build up its voltage.

OA is the induced E.M.F. due to residual magnetism & Oa flowing current.

Now the generated e.m.f in the armature has

To oversees the opposing self induced e.m.f in the field coil.

If Rsh grater then Rc the generator will failed to excite.

There must be some residual magnetism in the generator poles.

% VR = [VNL VRL] / VRL

Q: Why you refer less voltage regulation?

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