Philippine National AIDS Council

Session Objectives
At the end of the module, the
participants should be able to:

▲ Define and differentiate STI, HIV, and AIDS

▲ Explain how HIV is transmitted from one
person to another
▲ Correct misconceptions about how HIV is
acquired
▲ Discuss how HIV affects the body
▲ Learn how HIV and AIDS can be prevented
as well as treated and managed
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Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

Philippine National AIDS Council

Pain passing urine Severe itchiness Pain

Yellowish/abnormal Ulcerations Abdominal pain

discharge

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by bacteria called
neisseria gonorrheae
♠ Usual incubation period is
3 to 7 days
♠ Can be spread through
sexual contact
♠ Can affect genitals, throat
and anus

Symptoms
♠ Yellowish/ Purulent
discharge (tulo)
♠ Pelvic inflammation in
women
♠ Scrotal swelling in men

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by chlamydia
trachomatis
♠ Can infect the cervix,
urethra, rectum, throat
and eyes
♠ Also known as the
silent STI
Symptoms
♠ Pelvic inflammation
♠ Discharge
♠ Scrotal swelling in men

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by spirochete treponema
pallidum
♠ Chronic systemic disease (9-90 days)
♠ The organism moves through skin or
mucus membrane and into the
bloodstream
♠ Can be transmitted through mother to
child, blood transfusion, sexual contact Source: Robert Taylor MD at
www.healthac.org

Symptom
♠ Lesions

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♠ Caused by Symptoms
human papilloma ♠ Lesions
virus (HPV) ♠ Warty growths
♠ Transmitted
directly from skin
to skin during
sexual contact

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by Symptoms
herpes ♠ Multiple, painful
simplex virus 2 shallow ulcers
♠ Incubation ♠ Painful urination
period is 2-12
days

Philippine National AIDS Council

 This virus can only infect
human beings

The effect of the virus is to

create a deficiency (a failure
to work properly) within the
body’s immune system

This organism is a retro virus,

which means it can reproduce
itself by taking over the
machinery of the human cell

Source: UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers. Makati: UNAIDS. 2007.

Philippine National AIDS Council

 http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Infectious agent:
HIV
Susceptible Reservoir:
host: Humans
Humans

Portal of ENTRY: Modes of transmission:

Lining of the vagina, Sex Portal of EXIT:
rectum, and opening of the Injection Drug Use Blood
urethra in males; Mother to Child Semen
Wounds or breaks in the Other transfer of body Vaginal Fluid
skin fluid Breast milk

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Philippine National AIDS Council
Status of
Immune INTRODUCTION OF
System TREATMENT
(OI/ARV)

HIV AIDS
DEATH
Infection Condition

0
Asymptomatic Symptomatic
Window period Stage Stage
(3 wks – 6 mos) No signs and With signs and
symptoms symptoms
Philippine National AIDS Council
 ACQUIRED The infection may be transmitted
from one person to another

IMMUNE The immune system is compromised

The body can no longer fight off

DEFICIENCY infections; individual may suffer from
two or more opportunistic infections

SYNDROME A person experiences a collection of

symptoms which could be fatal

Source:
UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers.

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Source: Avert.org

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Lung infectio
n
(ex. TB)

Swollen lymph
Fungal infections nodes

Kaposi’s
sarcoma,
Photos from World Vision,
shingles
COH

Philippine National AIDS Council

Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

Source: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Source of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Sources of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF; UNODC

Philippine National AIDS Council

 How can I
protect myself
from HIV?

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Infectious agent:
HIV
Susceptible Reservoir:
host: Humans
Humans

Portal of ENTRY: Modes of

Lining of the transmission: Portal of EXIT:
vagina or rectum, Sex Blood
Injection Drug Use Semen
upper digestive
Mother to Child Vaginal Fluid
tract in infants, or
Other transfer of Breast milk
breaks in the skin blood
Philippine National AIDS Council
Philippine National AIDS Council
 WV-COH
Slide (S2.2) 26
Philippine National AIDS Council
HIV-positive women can still give
birth to HIV-negative babies if they
follow certain precautions:

► Take ARVs during pregnancy

► Deliver the baby thru caesarian
operation
► Use infant formula instead of
breast milk

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Drug use and excessive alcohol intake can impair
an individual’s decision-making process, putting
him/her in a situation where infection may occur.

♠ The risk of HIV transmission can be reduced if

individuals would change their risky behaviors
and practices.

♠ Education is important. People should be provided

with correct, accurate, and reliable information on
how they can protect themselves from HIV.

Philippine National AIDS Council

  Have
Did you youor or any of
your
Did
Have you
you ororany
any ofof
your partners
partner(s) contract
your
your partner(s)
partners
engaged
sexually in
undergo
injected any
drugs blood
with
unprotected
transmitted sex (any
transfusion
shared or
form ofneedles
infection sex includes
in the last
organ
and/or transplant
syringes?
oral,(5)
five vaginal or anal)
from anyears?
unreliable
with a person with
source?
multiple sex
partners?

Source: PNAC

Philippine National AIDS Council

Philippine National AIDS Council
Philippine National AIDS Council
Source: Microsoft, Clipart

Philippine National AIDS Council

♦ Voluntary counseling & testing
(VCT) – individuals willing to
undergo testing of their own free
will
♦ Provider-initiated counseling &
testing (PICT) – a situation where
doctors encourage patients to
undergo testing
Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Photo from World Vision

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Pre-test counselling

Screening Test Confirmatory

HIV antibody detection: Test (if
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assa
y –(ELISA) positive)
HIV antigen Test - Western Blot or Immunoblot

Post-test counselling
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♠ Social hygiene clinics
♠ DOH-licensed OFW clinics
♠ Accredited HIV counseling & testing
centers (private and public facilities)
♠ Treatment hubs (ex. PGH, San Lazaro
Hospital, RITM

Philippine National AIDS Council

Philippine National AIDS Council
♠ Seek early medical treatment
♠ Adopt a healthy lifestyle and
positive attitude.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Philippine National AIDS Council
 Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

 STI, generally acquired thru unsafe sexual
contact, is caused by microorganisms that
include HIV. A person with STI is thus more
vulnerable to HIV.
 HIV, acquired in the same manner as most STIs,
is a microorganism that attacks and destroys the
human immune system. This leads to a
condition known as AIDS, where the body no
longer has a functioning immune system to ward
off opportunistic infections and malignancies,
which ultimately prove fatal.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Successful HIV transmission occurs
when these 4 elements are present: (1)
exit – the means by which the virus
leaves the body of an infected person,
(2) the sufficiency of the amount of
virus transmitted, (3) the ability of the
virus to survive in a new environment,
and (4) the point of entry to another
body.
Philippine National AIDS Council
THREE BASIC COMPONENTS OF
TREATMENT AND CARE
(1)Regular blood test to determine
amount of HIV in the blood
(2)Taking anti-retroviral drugs
(3)Treatment of opportunistic infections

Philippine National AIDS Council

Philippine National AIDS Council
Philippine National AIDS Council