CANLUBANG CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

AIDS/HIVS
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 4
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital
system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs
involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as
fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to
the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of
differentiated species often have significant differences. These
differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two
individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness
of the offspring.

HIVS/AIDS
 HIV/AIDS
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Helps Save our Life

What is HIV/AIDS?

How it is Transmitted?

What are the signs and and symptoms?

HIV/AIDS Prevention
 What is HIVS/AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted infection. It is a virus
that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more
vulnerable to other infections and diseases. It can be spread by contact with
infected blood and from illicit infection drug use or sharing needles. It can also be
spread from mother to child pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. Without
medication, it may take years before HIV weakens your immune system to the
point that you have AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life

threatening condition caused by the HIV. By damaging your immune system, HIV
interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.

 !WAYS CAN IT BE TRASFERED!

Most people who get HIV get it through anal or vaginal sex, or sharing
needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers).
But there are powerful tools that can help prevent HIV transmission.
 Sexual Transmission
Anal Sex:
You can get HIV if you have anal sex with someone who has HIV without using protection
(like condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV).

Anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for getting or transmitting HIV.
Being the receptive partner (bottom) is riskier than being the insertive partner (top).
The bottom’s risk is higher because the rectum’s lining is thin and may allow HIV to
enter the body during anal sex.
The top is also at risk. HIV can enter the body through the opening at the tip of the
penis (urethra); the foreskin if the penis isn’t circumcised; or small cuts, scratches, or
open sores anywhere on the penis.
 Sexual Transmission
Vagina Sex:
You can get HIV if you have vaginal sex with someone who has HIV without using
protection (like condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV).

Vaginal sex is less risky for getting HIV than receptive anal sex.
Either partner can get HIV during vaginal sex.
HIV can enter a person’s body during vaginal sex through the delicate tissue that lines
the vagina and cervix.
Vaginal fluid and blood can carry HIV, which can pass through the opening at the tip of
the penis (urethra); the foreskin if the penis isn’t circumcised; or small cuts, scratches,
or open sores anywhere on the penis.
 Transmission Through Blood
As we have said, blood is fluid with the highest HIV infectivity capacity.
Therefore, any contact of wounds or mucous membranes with the
blood of a person with HIV will have a high risk of contagion. These are
some of the examples of how it can be treated.

It should be mentioned that HIV may survive in a used needle for up to

42 days under the correct temperature conditions.
 Maternal Transmission
As we have said, blood is fluid with the highest HIV infectivity capacity.
Therefore, any contact of wounds or mucous membranes with the
blood of a person with HIV will have a high risk of contagion. These are
some of the examples of how it can be treated.

This is called perinatal transmission or mother-to-child

transmission.
Mother-to-child transmission is the most common way
that children get HIV.
Recommendations to test all pregnant women for HIV
and start HIV treatment immediately have lowered the
number of babies who are born with HIV.
If a woman with HIV takes HIV medicine as prescribed
throughout pregnancy and childbirth, and gives HIV
medicine to her baby for 4 to 6 weeks after birth, the
risk of transmission can be less than 1%.
Evolution of the Virus
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

What Are the Symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

There are several symptoms of HIV/AIDS. Not everyone will
have the same symptoms. It depends on the person and what
stage of the disease they are in.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection

Within 2 to 6 weeks after infection with HIV, about two-thirds

of people will have a flu-like illness. This is the body’s natural
response to HIV infection.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Stage 2: Chronic HIV infection/Clinical Latency
In this stage, the virus still multiplies, but at very low levels. People
in this stage may not feel sick or have any symptoms. This stage
is also called chronic HIV infection.

Also known as asymptomatic HIV infection or chronic HIV

infection, the clinical latency stage typically causes no HIV-related
symptoms.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Stage 2: Chronic HIV infection/Clinical Latency
For people who are taking antiretroviral medication for their infection, the
clinical latency stage lasts for decades. You can pass the virus on to other
people, but it’s extremely rare if you take your medicines.

(The treatment for HIV is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves
taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen)
every day. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. ART cannot
cure HIV, but HIV medicines help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives.)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Stage 3: AIDS
If you have HIV and you are not on HIV treatment, eventually the
virus will weaken your body’s immune system and you will progress
to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
This is the late stage of HIV infection.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of AIDS can include:
Rapid weight loss
Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
Extreme and unexplained tiredness
Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
Pneumonia
Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth,
nose, or eyelids
Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders
HOW TO PREVENT?

3 main ways that HIV is passed from person to person:

1. Through unprotected sex in other words sex for no
effective strategy like condoms prep or HIV treatment is
used.
2. Through sharing equipment to use drugs.
3. Finally to an infant during pregnancy childbirth or through
breastfeeding.

HOW TO PREVENT?

Prevention of sexual transmission

There are now three highly effective strategies available, which
reduces the risk of HIV transmission through sexual activity to almost
zero. These three strategies are:

1. The use of PrEP by HIV negative people.

2. The use of antiretroviral treatment by people living with HIV to maintain an
undetectable viral load
3. The use of condoms
HOW TO PREVENT?

Prevention of sexual transmission

Let's now examine each of these strategies separately.
1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, has been approved for use in Canada for those whose
lifestyle choices put them at a high chance of getting HIV. Along with routine doctor visits, it
entails taking one pill each day that combines two medications.
2. A person has an undetectable viral load when the amount of HIV measured in their blood is below
the limit of detection of current tests, which is how we know they consistently maintain an
undetectable viral load and do not transmit HIV to their sexual partners.
3. This are highly effective at preventing the sexual transmission of HIV, there are two types:
one that is worn externally sometimes referred to as the male condom
one that is worn internally sometimes referred to as the female caller.

HOW TO PREVENT?

Through sharing equipment to use drugs

this includes syringes, pipes, and straws for inhaling as well as needles and
syringes for injecting drugs.

The main way to prevent transmission in this situation is to use new equipment
every time and to not share equipment if a person with HIV is taking their
medications consistently and staying undetectable the chance of transmitting HIV
to someone if they do share equipment to use drugs is greatly reduced.
HOW TO PREVENT?

Prevention of Maternal transmission

About one in four children born to mothers who had HIV tested positive during the
period before effective treatment for the disease was available. Most often, we now
know how to prevent maternal transmission.

Canada has guidelines for how to reduce the risk of maternal transmission.
They recommend HIV medication for the mother during pregnancy and labor. A short
course of HIV medication for the baby after birth, vaginal delivery for most pregnancies
unless the c-section (Cesarean section) is recommended and feeding the baby formula
and not breastfeeding.

HOW TO PREVENT?

People must be aware of their HIV status in order for prevention

efforts to be successful. There are many reasons why people
don't get tested, including the stigma associated with HIV testing or
the fact that they don't believe they are at risk. However, there are
many advantages to getting tested for HIV. People who know their
status, positive or negative can decide with knowledge about the
type of sex they desire, and those who are diagnosed with HIV can
receive the care they need to live long healthy lives. Additionally, it's
crucial to have regular testing.
SOURCES

https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-
https://www.everydayhealth.com/hiv/guide/symptoms/?
fbclid=IwAR2airGLGRUlsNdIkqgOjjoP1g_jdRbWHOpcZcZ3eEN79feMLQKWCOisHX
8
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html
https://www.invitra.com/en/the-fight-against-aids-how-can-hiv-be-transmitted-
through-semen/
THANK YOU
SO MUCH!
Do you have any questions for us?