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    What Is HIV

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    Taufik Khan
    HIV damages the immune system and progresses to AIDS when the CD4 count falls below 200. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, breast milk. There are three stages of HIV: acute infection, clinical latency, and AIDS. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can suppress the virus and allow those with AIDS to live long lives.

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    What Is HIV

    Uploaded by

    Taufik Khan
    40 views18 pages
    HIV damages the immune system and progresses to AIDS when the CD4 count falls below 200. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, breast milk. There are three stages of HIV: acute infection, clinical latency, and AIDS. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can suppress the virus and allow those with AIDS to live long lives.

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    What is HIV

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    HIV damages the immune system and progresses to AIDS when the CD4 count falls below 200. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, breast milk. There are three stages of HIV: acute infection, clinical latency, and AIDS. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can suppress the virus and allow those with AIDS to live long lives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views18 pages

    What Is HIV

    Uploaded by

    Taufik Khan
    HIV damages the immune system and progresses to AIDS when the CD4 count falls below 200. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, breast milk. There are three stages of HIV: acute infection, clinical latency, and AIDS. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can suppress the virus and allow those with AIDS to live long lives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    What is HIV/AIDS?

     Acquired Immune Deficiency


    Syndrome(AIDS) is a life threatening
    condition caused by the human
    immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by
    damaging our immune system.
    HIV and AIDS
     HIV is a virus and AIDS is a condition.
     HIV progresses to AIDS when it reaches
    the 3rd stage.
     However HIV doesn’t always progress to
    stage 3.
     While a person can have HIV without
    having AIDS but person having AIDS has
    already contracted HIV.
     HIV kills CD4 cells.
     Healthy adults generally have a CD4 count of 
    500 to 1,500 per cubic millimeter.
     A person with HIV whose CD4 count falls below 
    200 per cubic millimeter will be diagnosed with
    AIDS.
    As the immune system is too weak to fight off
    other diseases and infections person becomes
    vulnerable to a wide range of illness including
    cancer, Meningitis ,Tuberculosis ,Pneumonia etc
    Pictorial representation of HIV
    Facts and Figures (GLOBAL)
    Occurrence in Nepal
    Mode of transmission
    The virus is transmitted from bodily fluids that
    include blood ,semen ,breast milk vaginal and
    rectal fluids.HIV spreads from person to person
     By sharing needles, syringes for injecting drugs
     By having unprotected sex with infected person
     During pregnancy from women to her baby
     Through exposure to blood of someone living
    with HIV
    Stages and Symptoms

    Incubation period :- 40 to 60 days


    Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
    Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with
    HIV, about two-thirds of people will have
    a flu-like illness.  
    Flu-like symptoms include Fever, Chills,
    Rash, Night sweats Muscle aches
    Sore throat ,Fatigue ,Swollen lymph nodes,
    Mouth ulcers.
    Stage 2: Clinical Latency

    In this stage, the virus still multiplies, but


    at very low levels. People in this stage
    may not feel sick or have any symptoms.
    This stage is also called chronic HIV
    infection.
    Without HIV treatment, people can stay
    in this stage for 10 or 15 years, but some
    move through this stage faster.
    Stage 3:AIDS
    This is the late stage of HIV infection.
    Rapid weight loss
    Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
    Extreme and unexplained tiredness
    Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
    Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
    Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on
    or under the skin or inside the mouth,
    nose, or eyelids
    What’s the HIV window period?

     The time between exposure to HIV and


    when it becomes detectable in the
    blood is called the HIV window period.
     If a person takes an HIV test during the
    window period, it’s likely they’ll receive
    a negative result but they are still
    capable of transmitting it.
    Prevention
     Get tested for HIV and other STIs
     Safer sex practice
     Avoid using & sharing unsterilized needle
     If you're pregnant and HIV infected, get medical
    care right away.
     Consider taking Pre exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)
    after being exposed to HIV.
    (PrEP is taken by people who are not HIV positive
    but are at high risk of getting it.)
    What tests are used to diagnose
    HIV?
    Antibody/antigen tests
    Antibody/antigen tests are the most
    commonly used tests. They can show
    positive results typically within 18–45
    days after someone initially contracts
    HIV.
    Antibody tests

    These tests check the blood solely for


    antibodies. Between 23 and 90 days after
    transmission, most people will develop
    detectable HIV antibodies, which can be
    found in the blood or saliva.
    Nucleic acid test (NAT)

    It’s for people who have early symptoms


    of HIV or have a known risk factor. This
    test doesn’t look for antibodies; it looks
    for the virus itself. It takes from 5 to 21
    days for HIV to be detectable in the
    blood.
    Treatment and life expectancy
    • If HIV develops into stage 3 HIV, life
    expectancy drops significantly.
    • There is no vaccine or medication that
    completely cure HIV/AIDS.
    • However, with successful antiretroviral
    therapy (ART) many people with stage 3
    HIV live long lives.
    ART helps in suppressing HIV.

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