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    What Is Hiv Project

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    HIV attacks CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and increasing risk of other diseases. Without treatment, HIV can develop into AIDS. HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids. While symptoms may not appear for years, early symptoms can include fever and fatigue. Late-stage HIV leads to serious illnesses if not treated with antiretroviral therapy, which suppresses HIV and prevents progression to AIDS. Preventive measures and treatment of opportunistic infections are important for managing late-stage HIV.

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    What Is Hiv Project

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    Science,Physical Education And Sports Videos
    198 views10 pages
    HIV attacks CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and increasing risk of other diseases. Without treatment, HIV can develop into AIDS. HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids. While symptoms may not appear for years, early symptoms can include fever and fatigue. Late-stage HIV leads to serious illnesses if not treated with antiretroviral therapy, which suppresses HIV and prevents progression to AIDS. Preventive measures and treatment of opportunistic infections are important for managing late-stage HIV.

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    What is Hiv Project

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    HIV attacks CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and increasing risk of other diseases. Without treatment, HIV can develop into AIDS. HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids. While symptoms may not appear for years, early symptoms can include fever and fatigue. Late-stage HIV leads to serious illnesses if not treated with antiretroviral therapy, which suppresses HIV and prevents progression to AIDS. Preventive measures and treatment of opportunistic infections are important for managing late-stage HIV.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    198 views10 pages

    What Is Hiv Project

    Uploaded by

    Science,Physical Education And Sports Videos
    HIV attacks CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and increasing risk of other diseases. Without treatment, HIV can develop into AIDS. HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids. While symptoms may not appear for years, early symptoms can include fever and fatigue. Late-stage HIV leads to serious illnesses if not treated with antiretroviral therapy, which suppresses HIV and prevents progression to AIDS. Preventive measures and treatment of opportunistic infections are important for managing late-stage HIV.

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    of 10

    Sexually Transmitted

    Disease
    HIV
    HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

    Name:Shanta Peters
    Class:9 providence
    School:Troy High School
    Teacher: Mrs Bailey
    What is HIV ?

    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks immune cells called CD4 cells,

    which are a type of T cell. HIV is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing

    the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Without treatment, the infection might

    progress to an advanced disease stage called AIDS.

    These are white blood cells that move around the body, detecting faults and anomalies in cells as

    well as infections. When HIV targets and infiltrates these cells, it reduces the body's ability to

    combat other diseases.

    This increases the risk and impact of opportunistic infections and cancers. However, a person can

    carry HIV without experiencing symptoms for a long time.

    HIV is a lifelong infection. However, receiving treatment and managing the disease effectively

    can prevent HIV from reaching a severe level and reduce the risk of a person passing on the

    virus.
    What Is AIDS?

    AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. Once HIV infection develops into AIDS,

    infections and cancer pose a greater risk.

    Without treatment, HIV infection is likely to develop into AIDS as the immune system gradually

    wears down. However, advances in ART mean than an ever-decreasing number of people

    progress to this stage.By the close of 2015, around 1,122,900 people were HIV-positive. To

    compare, figures from 2016 show that medical professionals diagnosed AIDS in an estimated

    18,160 people.

    Causes HIV

    People transmit HIV in bodily fluids, including:

     blood

     semen

     vaginal secretions

     anal fluids

     breast milk
    In the United States, the main causes of this transfer of fluids are:

     anal or vaginal intercourse with a person who has HIV while not using a condom or

    PrEP, a preventive HIV medication for people at high risk of infection

     sharing equipment for injectable illicit drugs, hormones, and steroids with a person who

    has HIV

    A woman living with HIV who is pregnant or has recently given birth might transfer the disease

    to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

    The risk of HIV transmitting through blood transfusions is extremely low in countries that have

    effective screening procedures in place for blood donations.

    Undetectable = untransmittable

    To transmit HIV, these fluids must contain enough of the virus. If a person has 'undetectable'

    HIV, they will not transmit HIV to another person, even if after a transfer of fluids.

    Undetectable HIV is when the amount of HIV in the body is so low that a blood test cannot

    detect it. People may be able to achieve undetectable levels of HIV by closely following the

    prescribed course of treatment.

    Confirming and regularly monitoring undetectable status using a blood test is important, as this

    does not mean that the person no longer has HIV. Undetectable HIV relies on the person

    adhering to their treatment, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment itself.


    Progression to AIDS

    The risk of HIV progressing to AIDS varies widely between individuals and depends on many

    factors, including:

     the age of the individual

     the body's ability to defend against HIV

     access to high-quality, sanitary healthcare

     the presence of other infections

     the individual's genetic inheritance resistance to certain strains of HIV

     drug-resistant strains of HIV

    SYMPTOMS

    For the most part, infections by other bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites cause the more severe

    symptoms of HIV.

    These conditions tend to progress further in people who live with HIV than in individuals with

    healthy immune systems. A correctly functioning immune system would protect the body against

    the more advanced effects of infections, and HIV disrupts this process.

    Early symptoms of HIV infection

    Sweats are an early sign of HIV, but many people do not know they have the disease for years.
    Some people with HIV do not show symptoms until months or even years after contracting the

    virus.

    However, around 80 percent of people may develop a set of flu-like symptoms known as acute

    retroviral syndrome around 2–6 weeks after the virus enters the body.

    The early symptoms of HIV infection may include:

     fever

     chills

     joint pain

     muscle aches

     sore throat

     sweats. particularly at night

     enlarged glands

     a red rash

     tiredness

     weakness

     unintentional weight loss

     thrush

    These symptoms might also result from the immune system fighting off many types of viruses.

    However, people who experience several of these symptoms and know of any reason they might

    have been at risk of contracting HIV over the last 6 weeks should take a test.
    Late-stage HIV infection

    Without medication, HIV weakens the ability to fight infection. The person becomes vulnerable

    to serious illnesses. This stage is known as AIDS or stage 3 HIV.

    Symptoms of late-stage HIV infection may include:

     blurred vision

     diarrhea, which is usually persistent or chronic

     dry cough

     a fever of over 100 °F (37 °C) lasting for weeks

     night sweats

     permanent tiredness

     shortness of breath, or dyspnea

     swollen glands lasting for weeks

     unintentional weight loss

     white spots on the tongue or mouth

    During late-stage HIV infection, the risk of developing a life-threatening illness increases

    greatly. A person with late-stage HIV can control, prevent and treat serious conditions by taking

    other medications alongside HIV treatment.


    Prevention

    Preventing OIs is key to extending life expectancy with late-stage HIV. Aside from managing

    HIV viral load with medications, a person who lives with the disease must take precautions,

    including the following steps:

     Wear condoms to prevent other STIs.

     Receive vaccinations for potential OIs. Discuss these with your primary care physician.

     Understand the germs in your surrounding environment that could lead to an OI. A pet

    cat, for example, could be a source of toxoplasmosis. Limit exposure and take

    precautions, such as wearing protective gloves while changing litter

     Avoid foods that are at risk of contamination, such as undercooked eggs, unpasteurized

    dairy and fruit juice, or raw seed sprouts.

     Do not drink water straight from a lake or river or tap water in certain foreign countries.

    Drink bottled water or use water filters.

     Ask your doctor about work, home, and vacation activities to limit exposure to potential

    OIs.

    Antibiotic, antifungal, or antiparasitic drugs can help treat an OI.


    Treatment

    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People on ART

    take a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day. ART is

    recommended for everyone who has HIV. ART can’t cure HIV, but HIV medicines help people

    with HIV live longer, healthier lives. ART also reduces the risk of HIV transmission.
    References

    https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/51/hiv-treatment--the-basics

    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131.php

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