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    Ipu Mca Advance Computer Network Unit-Iii

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    Vaibhav Jain
    This document provides an overview of multicast routing protocols. It discusses taxonomy of multicast protocols including source-based and group-shared tree approaches. It describes the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) which extends the distance vector algorithm to support multicast routing. DVMRP uses reverse path forwarding with flooding but can result in packet duplication, so reverse path broadcasting is introduced to create a shortest path broadcast tree. Reverse path multicasting further improves efficiency by converting broadcasting to multicasting with pruning and grafting procedures to support dynamic membership changes.

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    Ipu Mca Advance Computer Network Unit-Iii

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    Vaibhav Jain
    35 views17 pages
    This document provides an overview of multicast routing protocols. It discusses taxonomy of multicast protocols including source-based and group-shared tree approaches. It describes the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) which extends the distance vector algorithm to support multicast routing. DVMRP uses reverse path forwarding with flooding but can result in packet duplication, so reverse path broadcasting is introduced to create a shortest path broadcast tree. Reverse path multicasting further improves efficiency by converting broadcasting to multicasting with pruning and grafting procedures to support dynamic membership changes.

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    Original Title

    IPU MCA ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORK UNIT-III(3)

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    This document provides an overview of multicast routing protocols. It discusses taxonomy of multicast protocols including source-based and group-shared tree approaches. It describes the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) which extends the distance vector algorithm to support multicast routing. DVMRP uses reverse path forwarding with flooding but can result in packet duplication, so reverse path broadcasting is introduced to create a shortest path broadcast tree. Reverse path multicasting further improves efficiency by converting broadcasting to multicasting with pruning and grafting procedures to support dynamic membership changes.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views17 pages

    Ipu Mca Advance Computer Network Unit-Iii

    Uploaded by

    Vaibhav Jain
    This document provides an overview of multicast routing protocols. It discusses taxonomy of multicast protocols including source-based and group-shared tree approaches. It describes the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) which extends the distance vector algorithm to support multicast routing. DVMRP uses reverse path forwarding with flooding but can result in packet duplication, so reverse path broadcasting is introduced to create a shortest path broadcast tree. Reverse path multicasting further improves efficiency by converting broadcasting to multicasting with pruning and grafting procedures to support dynamic membership changes.

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    of 17

    Lecture – 23

    Advanced Computer Networks


    (MCA-206)

    by
    Ruby Dahiya (Faculty – IT, IITM)
    Task Menu for Today

    • Taxonomy of Multicast Protocols


    • Multicast Distance Vector: DVMRP
    - Reverse Path Forwarding
    - Reverse Path Broadcasting
    - Reverse Path Multicasting

    2
    Unicast Routing
    • In unicast routing, each router in the domain
    has a table that defines a shortest path tree to
    possible destinations.

    3
    Taxonomy of Multicast Protocols

    4
    Multicast Routing
    • In multicast routing, each involved router
    needs to construct a shortest path tree for
    each group.
    • In the source-based tree approach, each
    router needs to have one shortest path tree
    for each group.
    • In the group-shared tree approach, only the
    core router, which has a shortest path tree for
    each group, is involved in multicasting.

    5
    Source-based tree approach

    6
    Group-shared tree approach

    7
    Multicast Distance Vector: DVMRP
    • Distance – vector routing for unicast can be
    extended to support multicast.
    • Resulting protocol is Distance Vector Multicast
    Routing Protocol(DVMRP).
    • In DV algorithm, each router maintains a table of
    (Destination, Cost, NextHop) tuples and
    exchanges a list of (Destination, Cost) with its
    directly connected neighbors.
    • Extension of this algorithm is a two-stage
    process: Broadcasting (Flooding) and Pruning
    (Filtering).
    8
    Multicast Distance Vector: DVMRP
    (contd…)
    • Flooding strategy is used for forwarding
    packets to every network with active
    members as well as without active networks..
    • Problem : Creation of Loops in the systems.
    • Solution: Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF), a
    modified flooding strategy.

    9
    Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)

    10
    Problem with RPF
    • RPF guarantees that each network receives a
    copy of the multicast packet without
    formation of loops.
    • But, it does not guarantee that each network
    receives only one copy.
    • Problem: Duplication of packets.
    • Solution: Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB)

    11
    Problem with RPF (contd…)

    12
    Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB)
    • Duplication is because a graph has been used
    instead of a tree.
    • In RPB, only one parent router for each network
    is defined.
    • A network can receive a multicast packet from a
    particular source only through a designated
    parent router.
    • This policy is called Reverse Path Broadcasting
    (RPB).

    13
    Reverse Path Broadcasting (contd…)
    • RPB creates a shortest path broadcast tree
    from the source to each destination.
    • It guarantees that each destination receives
    one and only one copy of the packet.
    • The designated router can be the router with
    the shortest path to the source.
    • In case of tie among routers, the router with
    smallest IP address is selected.
    14
    RPF versus RPB

    15
    Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM)
    • To increase the efficiency, conversion of
    broadcasting to multicasting is required.
    • Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM) protocol uses
    two procedures for filtering purpose: Pruning
    and grafting.
    • RPM supports dynamic membership.

    16
    Summary

    17

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