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    Presented To:: Dr. Nadir Shah

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Bilal Mirza
    This document outlines the key aspects of cloud computing including what it is, why it is gaining popularity now, example killer apps, the economics for both users and providers, adoption challenges and opportunities, and implications. Specifically, cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources via the internet, allowing users to pay for only what they use. This utility model has become popular due to large data centers enabling unprecedented economies of scale and standardization of software stacks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Presented To:: Dr. Nadir Shah

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Bilal Mirza
    32 views15 pages
    This document outlines the key aspects of cloud computing including what it is, why it is gaining popularity now, example killer apps, the economics for both users and providers, adoption challenges and opportunities, and implications. Specifically, cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources via the internet, allowing users to pay for only what they use. This utility model has become popular due to large data centers enabling unprecedented economies of scale and standardization of software stacks.

    Original Description:

    above_the_clouds

    Original Title

    Above the Clouds

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    This document outlines the key aspects of cloud computing including what it is, why it is gaining popularity now, example killer apps, the economics for both users and providers, adoption challenges and opportunities, and implications. Specifically, cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources via the internet, allowing users to pay for only what they use. This utility model has become popular due to large data centers enabling unprecedented economies of scale and standardization of software stacks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    32 views15 pages

    Presented To:: Dr. Nadir Shah

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Bilal Mirza
    This document outlines the key aspects of cloud computing including what it is, why it is gaining popularity now, example killer apps, the economics for both users and providers, adoption challenges and opportunities, and implications. Specifically, cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources via the internet, allowing users to pay for only what they use. This utility model has become popular due to large data centers enabling unprecedented economies of scale and standardization of software stacks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    PRESENTED TO :

    DR. NADIR SHAH

    Outline
    What is it?
    Why now?
    Cloud killer apps
    Economics for users
    Economics for providers
    Challenges and opportunities
    Implications

    What is Cloud
    Old idea: Software as a Service (SaaS)
    Computing?
    Def: delivering applications over the Internet

    Recently: [Hardware, Infrastrucuture, Platform]

    as a service
    Poorly defined so we avoid all X as a service

    Utility Computing: pay-as-you-go computing


    Illusion of infinite resources
    No up-front cost
    Fine-grained billing (e.g. hourly)

    Why Now?
    Experience with very large datacenters
    Unprecedented economies of scale
    Other factors
    Pervasive broadband Internet
    Fast x86 virtualization
    Pay-as-you-go billing model
    Standard software stack

    Spectrum of Clouds

    Instruction Set VM (Amazon EC2, 3Tera)


    Bytecode VM (Microsoft Azure)
    Framework VM
    Google AppEngine, Force.com

    Lower-level,
    Less management

    EC2

    Higher-level,
    More management

    Azure

    AppEngine Force.com
    5

    Cloud Killer Apps


    Mobile and web applications
    Extensions of desktop software
    Matlab, Mathematica

    Batch processing / MapReduce


    Oracle at Harvard, Hadoop at NY Times

    Economics of Cloud Users


    Pay by use instead of provisioning for peak

    Capacity
    Capacity

    Demand

    Demand
    Time

    Time

    Static data center

    Data center in the cloud

    Unused resources
    7

    Economics of Cloud Users


    Risk of over-provisioning: underutilization
    Capacity

    Unused resources
    Demand

    Time

    Static data center


    8

    Economics of Cloud Users


    Heavy penalty for under-provisioning
    Capacity
    Demand
    Capacity
    Demand
    2
    1
    Time (days)

    2
    1
    Time (days)

    Lost revenue

    3
    Capacity
    Demand
    2
    1
    Time (days)

    Lost users
    9

    Economics of Cloud Providers


    5-7x economies of scale [Hamilton 2008]
    Resource

    Cost in
    Medium DC

    Cost in
    Very Large DC

    Ratio

    Network

    $95 / Mbps / month

    $13 / Mbps / month

    7.1x

    Storage

    $2.20 / GB / month

    $0.40 / GB / month

    5.7x

    Administration 140 servers/admin >1000 servers/admin

    7.1x

    Extra benefits
    Amazon: utilize off-peak capacity
    Microsoft: sell .NET tools
    Google: reuse existing infrastructure
    10

    Adoption Challenges
    Challenge

    Opportunity

    Availability

    Multiple providers & DCs

    Data lock-in

    Standardization

    Data Condentiality and Encryption, VLANs,


    Auditability
    Firewalls; Geographical
    Data Storage

    11

    Growth Challenges
    Challenge

    Opportunity

    Data transfer
    bottlenecks

    FedEx-ing disks, Data


    Backup/Archival

    Performance
    unpredictability

    Improved VM support, flash


    memory, scheduling VMs

    Scalable storage

    Invent scalable store

    Bugs in large distributed Invent Debugger that relies


    systems
    on Distributed VMs
    Scaling quickly

    Invent Auto-Scaler that relies


    on ML; Snapshots
    12

    Policy and Business


    Challenges
    Challenge

    Opportunity

    Reputation Fate Sharing Offer reputation-guarding


    services like those for email
    Software Licensing

    Pay-for-use licenses; Bulk


    use sales

    13

    Short Term Implications


    Startups and prototyping
    One-off tasks
    Washington post, NY Times

    Cost associativity for scientific applications


    Research at scale

    14

    Long Term Implications


    Application software:
    Cloud & client parts, disconnection tolerance
    Infrastructure software:
    Resource accounting, VM awareness

    Hardware systems:
    Containers, energy proportionality

    15

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