CHAPTER ONE

1 Introduction

1.1 Background Information

HIV disease is a chronic infections disease caused by the human immune deficiency,
which is characterized by spectrum starting from primary infection with or without the
acute syndrome, followed by a relatively large period of Asymptomatic stage after in
most patient progress to advanced and life threatening disease (AIDS). AIDS the final
stare of HIV infection during which the total infection and concerns frequently arise (1).

AIDS is a cause of serious public health concern in the world estimate indicates that over
33 million people worldwide are infected with HIV. More than half of all new HIV
infection occurs in 15-24 years old. Members of these groups are more susceptible to
adverse outcome associated with risk behaviors & are therefore at greater risk of
HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, high risk behavior reestablished often extends to adulthood,
making intervention at younger are imperative too (2).

Today, HIV/AIDS is jeopardizing the existence of community in the world, mostly in

Africa. Sub-Saharan African countries accounts three quarter of global total of 20 million
deaths since the epidemic began. AIDS has become the leading cause of death in Africa.
HIV prevalence tends to reduce slowly overtime as new infection decline & through the
death of infected person... The analysis in the report can’t specifically measure opposing
influence of prevention effort that reduces new infection & treatment scale up that
reduces among with HIV (3).

In Ethiopia, based on report taken from VCT center blood bank & ART program, the
cumulative number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is about 1.32 million
( 3% male & 4% female ). This result in prevalence rate of 3.5% (45% among males,
55% among female), 10.5% urban & 1.9% rural area for the total population (4)

1
There are various methods for reducing this pandemic such as voluntary counseling &
testing antiretroviral therapy & education for behavior change. Voluntary counseling and
testing (VCT) is used to reduce this pandemic by making people know their HIV status.
Efforts are urgently needed to increase the provision of HIV testing as a crucial entry
point to life sustaining health care service for PLWHA & service delivery. Models need
to be expanded to testing in ANC, Sexually transmitted infection clinic, inpatient ward as
well as free standing clients initiated testing center (5).

Determinants of VCT service varies greatly between settings of countries. There are
several factors that may affect: Reporting/confidentiality, stigma/social factors,
discrimininations, availability of treatments and ART, community mobilization and poor
quality of service (7)

2
1.2 Statement of the problem
Premarital HIV testing is one method of preventing and reducing HIV/AIDS by using
VCT for individuals and couples. VCT is internationally acknowledged as essential
strategy for HIV prevention and cause entry point to AIDS care. HIV counseling and
testing encourages individuals to learn their HIV status reduces their HIV risk and
provides them with appropriate linkage to care, treatment and supportive services. There
are several models of HIV counseling & testing that are used in different setting (8).

VCT gives client an opportunity to confidentially explore their HIV risk and learn their
HIV status. VCT service can be provided in free standing sites or imbedded in other
facilities such as health center; work place & military service (8).

In testing HIV, ensuring confidentially is essential. The right in confidentiality is

compromised in the Kenya, for example nearly one third of adolescent student research
their test result either in letter or from their parents instead of privately from a health care
provider (16)

The target audiences are individuals who are interested in knowing their HIV status and
learn how to reduce the risk. The focus of the counseling session is a risk assessment rick
reduction, referral & linkage care, treatment and support HIV counseling and testing is an
important intervention because as many as 30% of couples in high HIV prevalence
countries care sero-discordant or have one partner infected with HIV and one who is
not .increased attention on couple focused VCT services provides high prevention
intervention for African countries.

In Ethiopia, since the national VCT guideline were last published 2007 , new information
as well as evidence based best practice have became available to make counseling and
testing more effective and assessable, creating a need to services to increase assess and
improve quality more effectively. Couple counseling is promoted to enhance safer sexual
behavior and to in course disclosure between sexual partners (9).

A study conducted at Jimma University students related that participants had very high
level of knowledge 485 (97%) of HIV/AIDS and VCT, 74.4% prefer being abstained

3
from sex and he faithful. Eighty six percent of the participants had favorably attitude
towards preventive measurable (10).

Many studies conducted in different setting indicate that sex, race, education, occupation
and risk of perception are determinant factors in seeking HIV testing. The rate of
premarital HIV testing at VCT center in Addis Ababa in reported little and there is no
clear reason. Another study showed that 24% of your people in Harar town, South east
Ethiopia had intervention of asking their spouse to undergo VCT before marriage (7)

The purpose of the study aims at assessing the major factors affecting premarital HIV
testing and determinant of VCT service among students of Jimma TTC.

4
 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Literature Review

HIV counseling & testing is a key strategic entry point to prevention, treatment, care
support services, where people learn how they are infected are helped to understand the
implication of their HIV status and make informed choices for the future VCT gives
clients an opportunity to confidentially explore their HIV risk and to learn their HIV
test result. VCT services can be provided free standing site or imbedded with in other
facilities such as health center, work place setting & military service. The focus of
counseling session is on risk assessment, risk reduction partner referral & linkage to
care treatment and support before and cloying marriage. (8)

Study conducted in London among Africa community showed that in community based
HIV VCT services would be acceptable to African communities but also identified
barriers to up take. HIV related stigrna concerns about confidentiality, and doubts about
the ability of community service to maintain professional standards of care. Work shop
participants highlighted three key requirements to ensure feasibility.

Another study conducted in Nigeria among 260 students should only 115(68.2%) of
students were aware of VCT with 68 (59.1%) Living heard of it at least once prior to the
study. Most of students did not know where VCT services could be obtained. Knowledge
of what VCT entails was also low. However, 127 (69.8%) students approved the
necessary of counseling priority testing and 117(64.3%) were ready to take positive result
in good fate. at least one out of every four students had began to be sexually active with
in last three month. Preceding the study only 48(26.4%) students had taken HIV test at
one time or other before study. Majority (62.5%) of those who had been tested went for
screening just to know their HIV status .premarital testing (18.8%) was second
commonest reason for having HIV tests. majority of respondent, 74.2% were not willing
to go for VCT the commonest reason given was that they were certain not infected (12)

5
In Ethiopia, a study conducted in Addis Ababa, showed that total of 640 individuals (320
males & 320 females) who attended the civil marriage in Addis Ababa municipality were
enrolled in the study .Fifty five percent of the study subject reported having had
premarital HIV testing & among those did not have premarital HIV testing (284) , 63.4%
of them claimed to wish to have HIV testing but not had it for some reason (unmet need
group) . The main reason given by unmet need group was that there did not beat risk of
HIV infection despite their risk behavior.

In one study conducted in Seka Woreda Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia 252
government workers (172 male and female 480 females) were involved majority of the
respondents (75%) had favorable response to VCT related attitude statement three fourth
of the subjects claimed to have an intension of undergoing VCT . The main reason for
refusal of the test in this study were fear of positive test result (41.3%) perception of
one’s sero status as being confidently negative (38.1%) and stigma associated with
HIV /AIDS (25.4%) This study has also shown that considerable proportion of
participant didn’t have the appropriate feeling toward HIV test result in similar study 239
(94.8%) had a positive attitude toward premarital screening, but only 164 (65.1%) believe
that knowing one’s serostatus through VCT would be better than not knowing (14).

Another study conducted in Gurage zone , SNNPR , south Ethiopia imported the
majority of participants , (87.9%) has an in tension of using the service if it is available
when asked about the place they want to use VCT service , 70.7% replied to use VCT
service in the nearby facility, and 6.3% said that they can use the service in any facility
regardless of whether the service is close to their place of residence or risk, both
responses are encouraging and indicators of the success however, 23.1% of the study
subjects reported that they want to utilize VCT service which are far from their place of
residence (district) to keep their status incognita which is indicative of the present of
stigma associated to the disease in the study community (15
In testing HIV, ensuring confidentiality is essential. The right in confidentiality is
recognized by UN convection on right of child. Yet confidentiality is compromised in

6
Kenya, for example nearly one third of adolescent students receive their test result either
in letter or from their parents instead of privately from health care provider. (16).

Among youth further determinant .to VCT includes lock of information perception of
low risk, lock of confidentiality , cost transportation study shows that the number of
adolescent who are tested HIV rose by 15persent when parent who know larger that
can discourage voluntary testing for HIV.

7
2.2 Significance of the study

Since the study groups are part of the population and these are highly vulnerable to HIV
infection and share common problem related to HIV/AIDS .It helps these groups to know
their sero status earlier and for the prevention treatment and supportive care. The study
will be aimed to identify the major factory influence premarital HIV testing &VCT
service Jimma TTC students.

8
 CHAPTER THREE
3. Objective

3.1 General objective

To assess the utilization of premarital HIV testing and factors influencing voluntary
counseling and testing among Jimma teachers training collage students

3 .2 Specific objectives
- To assess utilization of pre marital HIV test among Jimma TTC students,
- To determine the knowledge of VCT service among Jimma TTC students
- To identify factors influencing VCT service utilization among Jimma TTC students

9
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. Methodology and materials

4.1 Study area

The study was conducted at Jimma TTC students. Jimma, the largest city in south
western Ethiopia, located in the Jimma zone of the Oromia region 360 km a way from
Addis Ababa. According to 2007, census stated by central statistical agency, the total
population of Jimma zone is 120, 960 and its area 50.52 km 2.. It has latitude and longitude
of 7o 40N and 36o 50 E
The only college found in the town is Jimma TTC which was changed from TTI to TTC
in 1992EC
4.2 Study period

The study was conducted from April 28-30 in Jimma TTC students found in Jimma,
Oromia, south west Ethiopia

4.3 Study design

Cross sectional study was conducted to assess utilization of premarital HIV testing and
factors influencing VCT service utilization among students of Jimma TTC.
4.4 populations
4.4.1 Source population
Students of Jimma TTC 1st, 2nd s &3rd year who were registered and actively engaged in
process
4.4.2 Study population
Those students were randomly selected during data collection according to the sampling
technique

10
4.5 sample size determination and sampling technique
4.5.1 Sample size determination
The sample size was determined using the following assumptions.
n=Z2pq
d2
Where n=minimal sample size
p = proportions of students who utilized premarital VCT
q = 1-p
d= marginal error
z= 1.96(95% confidence interval)
n= (1.96)2× 0.5(1-0.5) =384.16
(0.05)2
This formula is applied if the total population is more than10,000.

The minimum sample size required for less than 10,000 will be
N= _n__
1 +n
Total population

Accordingly N= 384
1+384 = 327
2225
Remark p=0.5 is taken to get the possible large sample size (because there is no
information about the proportion of population using premarital VCT.

11
 4.5.2 Sampling technique
Stratified random sampling (SRS) will be used to determine the study subjects. First
students will be grouped according to their year of study & then the sample population
will be proportionally assigned to each year of study using formula

In = Ni x n = where in= sample size of one stratum

N Ni = Population size for one stratum
N = Total students
n = Total sample size
Accordingly,
1st year, N1=740, n1= 740×327 =109
2225
2nd year, N2= 813 , n2= 813×327 =119
2225
3rd year, N3 = 672, n3= 672×327 = 99
2225
4.6 Measurement
4.6.1 Variables
Dependent Independent
VCT utilization Age
Knowledge Sex
Religion
Ethnicity
Educational status
Marital status
Occupation

4.6.2 Operational definition

Youth those whose 15-29 old
Knowledgeable -Those who answered greater than 50% of knowledge question
Not knowledgeable – Those answered less than 50% of knowledge question.

12
4.7 Pre test
The questionnaire was pre -tested on 5% randomly selected student. Based on the
response rate necessary modification was done on the questionnaire.
4.8 Data collection
4.8.1 Data collection instruments
A Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data that is prepared in English
On socio –demographic characteristics, knowledge question concerning HIV/AIDS and
questions on voluntary counseling & tasting.
4.8.2 Data collectors
The date collectors’ team involves four degree graduate after got proper training &
orientation by principal investigator on how to record & refill data on the structured
questionnaire.

4.9 Data analysis & processing

Data was complied, summarized and analyzed using computer.

4.10 Ethical consideration

- Permission for doing the research was requested using a letter from school of medicine
- The objective the study was described & informed consent obtained from the study
subjects prior to data collection participation was on voluntary.

4.11 Limitation of study

- Most of the participant don’t well understand English language
- Some of the questionnaires were not filled properly
- And also some of questionnaire were lost
- The fund raised for research was not enough

4.12 Dissemination of final report

After the data was analyzed and interpreted; appropriate recommendation was made and
result will be submitted to School of Medicine, College of public health and medical
science, CBE office

13
 CHAPTER FIVE
RESULT

Table-1 Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics among Jimma TTC students

Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, April, 2011

Soc-demographic characteristics Response

No %
Sex - Males 121 37.8
-Female 199 62.2
Total 320 100
Age (in Years)
15-19 158 49.4
20-24 151 47.2
25-29 9 2.8
>30+ 2 0.6
Total 320 100%
Religion
Orthodox 132 41.3
Muslim 127 39.7
Protestant 49 15.3
Catholic 4 1.3
Other 8 2.5

Total 320 100%

Ethnicity
- Oromo 294 91.9
- Amhara 19 5.9
- Others 7 2.2%
Total 320 100%
Marital status
Single 280 87.5
Married 31 9.7
Divorced 8 2.5
Widow 1 0.3125
Total 320 100%
Educational status
1st year 109 34.1
2nd year 115 35.9
3rd year 96 30.00
Total 320 100

14
Out of 320 participants included in the study, 199 (62.2%) were female, 121 (37.8%)
were male giving ratio of 1.64: 1 majority of them 115 (35.9%) were 2 nd year followed by
1st year 109 (34.1%), 3rd year 96(30%). Most 132 (41.3%) were followers of orthodox
followed by Muslim 127 (39.7%), protestant 49 (15.32), Catholic 4 (1.3) and others 8
(2.5) like “wekefata”.

The majority of study subjects were Oromo 294(91.9) by ethnicity followed by Amhara
19(5.9%) and others 7(2.2%)

Regarding their age distribution 158(49.4%) in the range 15-19 years followed by 151
(47.2%) 20-24 year 9(2.8) 25-29 years, and 2 (0.6) > 30 years old respectively.

Regarding marital status, majority of study subjects 280(87.5) were single, 31 (9.7) were
married 8(2.5) divorced and 1(0.3%) is widow (Table 1)

15
Table-2 distribution of knowledge towards HIV&VCT among Jimma TTC students
Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, April 2011

Variable Response
Knowledge on mode of Yes No Total
transmission of HIV /AIDS No (%) No (%) No (%)
-Unsafe 318(99.4 2 (0.6%) 320 (100)
- Sharing contamination
Sharp materials 318(99.4) 2 (0.6%) 320(100)
- Mother to child during
Pregnancy 285(89%) 35 (10.9%) 320(100)
-Mosquito bite 8(2.5%) 312 (97.5%) 320(100)
-Living together 6(1.89) 314 (98.1) 320(100)
-Others 17(5.3%) 303 (94.7%) ` 320(100)

Heard about VCT 317(99.1) 3(0.9) 320(100)

Know meaning of VCT 316(98.75) 4(1.25) 320(100)

Over all knowledge of participants related to HIV/AIDS & VCT is very high. All
participants know at least two mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and 318 (99%) know
more than two means of transmission.
Most of study subjects 317(99.1) heard about VCT and 316(98.75) know the meaning of
VCT.

16
Table 3 Distribution of response toward VCT practice &utilization among Jimma TTC
student Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, April, 2011

VARIABLE RESPONSE
HIV tested Number (%)
Yes 198(61.9)
No 122(38.1)
Total 320(100)
Received result
-Yes 316(98.9)
-No 4(1.1)
-Total 32O
Reason for testing
-Requested by health professional 51(25.8)
-Risk of acquiring HIV|AIDS 32(6.2)
-Need to know status for different reason 113(57)
-Requested by migration committee(for
visa) 0
Other 2(1)
Total 198

Of all the study subjects 198(61.9%) were HIV tested and 316 (98.9%) of them received
result. The reason for the majority 113 (57%) to know their status for different reason like
marriage, risk behavior and to have child and followed by Health professional after they
had illness 51 (25.8%) and acquiring HIV/AIDS 32 (16.2%)

17
Table -4 distribution of response on willingness preference place for VCT prefer for
counselor, reason for HIV testing among Jimma TTC students Jimma town, South West
Ethiopia, APRIL 2011
Variable Response
No (%)
HIV test it VCT service easily accessible
- Yes 303 94.7
- No 17 5.3
Total
320 100
Reason for wanting HIV test
- to know my status and plan accordingly 250 78.1
- Distrust of partner 28 8.75
- pregnancy 5 1.6
- Being married 4 1.3
- Exposure to HIV risk 24 7.5
Having symptoms of HIV/AIDS 3 0.9

- Others 6 1.9
- Total 320 100
Preference place for VCT
- Government health institution 256 80
- Private health institution 30 9.4
- Non-governmental VCT center 32 10
- Other 2 0.6
Total 320 100

Preference for counselor 216 67.5

- By health professional 51 15.9
- Private health institution 22 6.9
- Nongovernmental VCT center 10 3.1
-By religious leader 9 2.8
- Others 320 100
-Total
How would you like to know Your result
- Fake to face 166 51.9
- -- - confidentiality 117 36.6
- Anonymously /without a name 37 11.5
-Total 320 100

Out of the 320 respondents, 303 (94.7%) are willing to have VCT if the service is easily
accessible. the reason for wanting HIV test is found to be to be know status and plan
according 250 (78.1%), distrust of partner 28 (8.75%) , Exposure to HIV 24 (7.5%),

18
pregnancy 4(1.6%) and others 6(1.9%). Regarding preference of place for VCT
government health institution 256 (80%), private health institution 30 (9.4%), non-
governmental VCT center 32 (10%) & other 2 (0.62%) if the need to be tested majority
of respondents 216(69.5%) prefer health professional, 51(15.9%) private health
institution , 22 (6.9%) prefer VCT center, 10(3.1%) by religions leader other by family
member friend, sexual partners . more than the half of respondents, 166(51.9%) wants to
know the result face to face, 117(36.6%) by confidentially and the rest 37 (11.6%)
anonymously /without a name

Table: 5 Distribution of response on premarital HIV test among married Jimma TTC
students, south West Ethiopia, April, 2011.

Variables Response Total

Yes No
No (%) No (5)

Have premarital HIV

6(18.7) 26(81.3) 32(100)
test(married=32)

- satisfy with duration of result 5(83.3) 1(16.7) 6(100%)

-satisfy with piracy to result 3(50) 3(50) 6(100)

If not have premarital HIV test 16(61.5) 10(38.5) 26 (100%)

do you want to be tested

Out of married 32 respondents 6 (18.7) subjects had premarital HIV test but rest did not
of those tested, 5 (83.3) of them satisfied with the duration and 3(50%) of them satisfied
with privacy of test. The majority of those who did not have premarital HIV test
16(61.5%) respondents are willing to have VCT but rest no willing.

19
Table: 6 Distribution of response on confidentiality among Jimma TTC students Jimma
town, South West Ethiopia, April,2011

Variable Response Total

Yes No No (%)
Agree with confidentiality 290(90.6) 30(9.4%) 320

The majority of study subjects 290 (90.6%) agree with confidentiality but rest are not

Table -7 Distribution of knowledge toward VCT and HIV/ AIDS among Jimma TTC
students, Jimma town, South West, April,2011
Variable Response
Knowledge of VCT and HIV /AIDS No %
Knowledgeable 317 (99.1%)
Not knowledgeable 3 (0.9%)
Total 32 (100%)

The most study subjects 317(99.11) had know ledge about VCT HIV but the rest not.

20
Table -8 distribution of response on factors influencing VCT utilization among Jimma
TTC students Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, April, 2011

Variable No (%)
Factors influencing utilization of VCT service
- fear of positive result 39 (22.7)
- fear of stigma and discriminate 17 (9.9)
- Lack of confidence by health worker & test 4 (2.3)
- availability of service 11(6.4)
- never hade sex 43 (25)
- pear influence 2(1.2)
- don’t want to have test yet 3(1.7)
- Don’t feel at risk 36(20.9)
- Belief 6(3.5)
- Cost 1(0.6)
- Others 1(0.6)
-
Total 172

Out of 172 respondent who were not tested for HIV had given reasons, 43 (25%) never
had sex, 39(22.7%) fear of positive result, 4(2.3%) lack of confidence by health worker
& test, 17(9.9 %) fear of stigma & discriminate, 11 (6.4%) availability of service 36
(20.9%) doesn’t fear risk , 6(3.5%) belief, 3(1.7%) don’t want to have test yet, 1(0.6)
cost.

21
Figure1: Source of information about VCT Jimma TTC students Jimma Town.
April 2011 (n=320)

Source of information for the majority was more than one source 186 (58%) only mass
media 48 (15%) , health worker 64 (20%) and other like friend, family, school , religions
institution accounts for 22 (7%).

Figure 2 Distribution age group at high risk perception of HIV/AIDS Jimma TTC
students April.2011 (n=. 320)

22
Regarding the knowledge of respondents on the group at high risk of HIV / AIDS, the
majority of them 114(35%) said the age group 20-24 years followed by all group 91
(28%) respectively.
Table-9 Association b/n Educational status and HIV testing among Jimma TTC
students, Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, April 2011
Variable HIV tasted
yes No
No (%) No (%) X2 P
Education status
- 1st year 74(37.4) 53(43.4) 1.90
P<0.387

- 2nd year 90(45.5)

54(44.3)

15(12.3)
-3r d year 34(17.2)

Total
198(100%) 122(100%)

23
 CHAPTER -SIX
Discussion
The finding indicated that knowledge of participant on HIV/AIDS and VCT is very high.
In which almost participants know at least two mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS 318
(99.4%) know more than two means of transmission, 317 (99.1%) Heard about VCT, 316
know the meaning of VCT. This result showed a better result compared to study done in
Nigeria. This difference may be explained by the time gap between the two studies which
is about 3-4 years.

Majority of participant 198(61.9%) had HIV test before the study which twice the
finding of the study conducted in Nigeria, regardless of HIV test rate the major reason
for testing was similar, know stated for different reason (12) .
In relation to high knowledge on mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS & VCT, high
proportion of participant (94.7%) had the willing to have VCT if the service in easily
accessible. The major reason for refusal of test in this study , fear of positive result
(22.7%) which also a major reason in a study conducted in seka woreda, Jimma zone
south west Ethiopia.

This study also disclosed the major factors that influence VCT service among subjects as
fear of positive result, perception of low risk , service provide attitude and like which is
consistent the fig of study conducted in Bethezath hospital.

The study showed that 6(18.7%) married participant reported that they had premarital
HIV testing which is for less when compared with study result conducted in Addis Ababa
(13) this may be due to small number of married individual involved in the study as well
the marriage in these study subjects may be not be intentional but 61% married
participant are willing to have HIV test.

The majority of the study subjects 90.6% agree with confidentiality of test.
But rest

24
 CHAPTER -SEVEN
Concussion & recommendation
Conclusion
Knowledge related to means of transmission of HIV/AIDS & VCT is very high.

High rate of HIV testing in the study in relation there is much willingness to have VCT if
the service is easily accessible which is indicative of increased VCT utilization and
change in attitude of community on VCT

Compared to VCT utilization pattern and the married participants, premarital HIV testing
is less utilized.
Major factors influencing VCT service found to be tear of positive result, do not fell risk,
never had sex.
-
-Recommendation
 Ant-HIV/AIDS club should be continued strongly to inform the community
about HIV/AIDS in general, as well as VCT & premarital HIV testing in
collage
 Students should be encouraged to utilize VCT and premarital HIV testing.

25
 CHAPTER EIGHT
ANNEX -1
REFERENCE
1. CDC to use a public health reporting definition for HIV. /AIDS, copy right to AIDS
2007.
2. WHO/UNAIDS global overview on HIV AIDS Epidemic, December, 2001:1:4-15
3. Sub-Saharan Africa, increasing access to HIV testing and counseling while reporting
human right August, 2007
4. AIDS in Ethiopia, 6th report in English , 2007
5. National AIDS counsel secretarial , national guideline for VCT in Ethiopia, 2004
1:1-4
6. Dereje H.Negussie D, Gali D.Assessment of utilization of premarital HIV testing and
determinants of VCT Eth, jour of health development, Nov,2006,20(1): (18-23)
7. CDC supported HIV counseling and testing activities Global HIV/AIDS, hmt 2007
8. FMOH, Guideline for HIV counseling & testing in Ethiopia federal HIV/AID
prevention & control office 2007, 1(10):
9. Tefera Belachew, Chali Jira, Yosef Mamo, HIV sero prevalence among students of
JU, south west Ethiopia Eth Jour, of health science, 2004.
10. Seecrwraw, prost A, HIV/VCT for African community in London learning experience
for Kenya (http://www neb,min.gove (site)
11. Ilkechebchin Ej wldifew G.KAP of VCT for HIV/AIDS among undergraduates in
polyethinie in south east Nigeria, Niger Jour, Jul-Sept, 2006, 15(3): 245-9
12. Shabir I Habte D. Assessment of premarital HIV testing and determinants of RCT
service in Addis Ababa.
13. Molq.y etakl HIV/AIDS related knowledge and determents of the VCT among
governmental employees residing in seka town Jimma zone south west Ethiopian eth
jour of health since Jan , 200515(1):63-6
14. Referee B.etal knowledge attitudinal and practical of VCT in gurage zone snnp south
west Ethiopia eth jour of health science July 2005,15(2)129-130
15. Mulugeta E,patterns of sero- prevalence among clients attending bethezatha know
your salt “VCT project,200

26
 QUESTIONNAIRE
JIMMA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

This questionnaire is prepared to study the utilization of premarital HIV testing and
factors influencing VCT service among Jimma teachers training college students.
Instruction
-Circle your choice from the given alternative
-Write appropriate answer for open ended question on space provided
-please don’t write you name
Part - Socio –demographic characteristics
1.1 .age
1.2 .sex a. male b. female
1.3 .Religion a .orthodox c. protestant
b .Muslim d. Catholic
e .others
1.4. Ethnicity a. Oromo b. Amhara
c, Other
1.5. Marital status a, single c. divorce
b.married d.widow

1.6. Educational statues a.1st year b.2nd year c.3rd year

27
PART II KNOWLEDGE QUESTION CONCRING HIV AIDS
2.1 do you know mode of transmission of HIV /AIDS?
A. YES B .NO
2.2 If yes it question no 2.1 which mode of transmission do you know?
A. unsafe sexual intercourse
B. sharing contaminated sharp material
C. mother to child during pregnancy
D. mosquito
E. living together
F. other (specify)
2. 3. Which are group do you think at high risk for HIV/ AIDS?
a, all group c .20-24 year e.>30+
b. 15-19 year d .25-29 year

PART III QUESTION ON VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING

3.1 have you heard about voluntary counseling and testing?

A. Yes B .No
3.1.1 If yes to question no3.1& what is you source of information
a. radio b .TV c, news paper/magazine e .other (specify)
d .health worker

3.2 do you know the meaning of voluntary counseling & testing?

A. Yes B. No
3.2.1 If yes to question no 3.2 have you ever had HIV test voluntarily?
A. YES B .NO
3.2.2 If yes to no 3.2.1.did you receive the result?
A. Yes B. No
3.2.3 If yes to q no 3.2.1 why were you tested for HIV?
a. requested by health professional after I had illness
b. I was at risk of acquiring the disease
c. need to know my HIV status for different reason, like marriage, to have a child
Risky behavior.
d. requested by migration committee (for visa)
e, others (specify)

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3.3 If you never tested for HIV/ AIDS what are factors that prevented you from having
HIV tested/
a. fear of result h .never had sex
b .stigma associated with HIV/AIDS i. don’t want to have test yet
c .no accesses of the service j. belief
d. cost k other
e. service provider attitude
f. peer influence
g .don’t tell at risk
3.4 Would you have HIV test if voluntary counseling &testing service easily
accessible?
A. Yes B.No
3.4.1 If yes to q 3.4
A. to know my status and plan according depending on the result
b. distrust of partner
c . Pregnancy
d. being married
e. exposure to HIV risk
f.having symptoms of HIV/ AIDS
g.other (specify)
3.5 If you want to be tested where would it be the most convenient?
a. Government health institute
b .private health institution
c.non government VCT test center
d.other (specify)
3.6 By whom would you like to be counseled?
a. by health professional
b. private health institutional
c .non government voluntary &counseling center
d. by religious leaders
e. others( specify)

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3.7 How would you like to know you result?
a. Face to face
b. confidentiality (know the result only by the physician)
c. anonymously (with out name)
3.8 do you have premarital HIV test?
a. Yes b. No
3.9 on Q 3.8 if yes do you satisfy with the duration of result?
a. Yes b. No
3.10 noQ3.8 it yes do you satisfy with the result
a. Yes b. No
1. If you not have premarital HIV test do you wanted to be tasted?
a. Yes b. No
2. Do you agree with confidentially?
a .Yes b. No
3. Do you know the meaning of VCT & AIDS?
a. Yes b. No

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