Chapter 03

Networking and Security

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 Socket

 Network socket is an endpoint of an inter-

process communication flow across a
computer network.

 Sockets provide the communication

mechanism between two computers using
TCP/IP.

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 Socket
 IP (Internet Protocol): Low level routing
protocol. Divides data into small packets
and send on given address. It does not
guarantee to deliver the packets.
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
Higher level protocol. Reliability to deliver
data.
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP): Next to
TCP. It support fast, connectionless,
unreliable transport of data packets.
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 Difference Between TCP & UDP

TCP UDP

Connection oriented Connectionless

Reliable Unreliable

Retransmit No retransmission

Slower data transmission Faster data transmission

Require most cost Less cost than TCP

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 Proxy Server
 It is mediator between real web server and
a client applications like web browser.
 Filter specific request and stored data in
catch for future use.
Mr. Nilesh Vishwasra

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 Reserved Sockets Ports
 Port number range : 0 to 65535
 1 to 1024 are reserved.
 Examples:
 FTP : 21
 Telnet : 23
 Email : 25
 HTTP: 80

 Client request for file from HTTP server,

it is called hits.

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 Internet Addressing
 Internet address is unique number, used to
identify each machine uniquely.
 IP address: 2 version
 IPv4 : 32–bits and in decimal (Now)
 IPv6 : 128-bits and in hexadecimal (Future)

 IPv4 : Divide 32 bits in 4 parts.

 Each part range from 0 to 255.

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 Internet Addressing
 Divided into 5 classes:
 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Class E

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 Assignment
 DNS (Domain Name Services)
 Internet
 Server – Client
 Relationship between Java and Internet
 Web server and Application server with
one example at least.

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 Socket Programming
 A client program creates a socket on its
end of the communication and attempts to
connect that socket to a server.
 When the connection is made, the server
creates a socket object on its end of the
communication.
 The client and server can now communicate
by writing to and reading from the socket.

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 Java Sockets Programming
 The package java.net provides support for
sockets programming.

 Typically you import everything defined in

this package with:

import java.net.*;

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 Classes
InetAddress
Socket
URL
URLConnection
ServerSocket
DatagramSocket
DatagramPacket

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 InetAddress class
 InetAddress class is encapsulate both
numeric IP address (eg .74.125.236.88) and
the domain name (eg. www.google.com) for the
address.

 Interaction with this class by using the

Hostname rather than IP address, more
conveniently and understandable way.

 For example, mostly every internet user don't

know IP address for google.com. 13
 InetAddress class
 It has both Factory and Instance methods:

 Factory method:
 is a static method in a class return an instance of
that class.

 Instance Methods:
 is a non-static method.

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 About InetAddress class
 As we know, "new" Keyword is used to create
object to that corresponding class.
 InetAddress Class has no visible constructors.
to create a InetAddress object.
 Factory Method is used to create objects.
 Three factory methods:
 static InetAddress getLocalHost()
 static InetAddress getByName(String hostName)
 static InetAddress[] getAllByName(String
hostName).
 All methods generate : UnknownHostException
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 Instance Methods
 boolean equals(Object other)
 byte[] getAddress(): Return four element of
IP address.
 String getHostAddress(): Return host
address associated with InetAddress.
 String getHostName(): Return host name.
 int hasCode() : return hashcode of invoking
object.
 Boolean
isMultiCastAddress()

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URL
 URL is Uniform Resource Locator.

 It is a formatted string used by email clients,

web browsers and different type of software
recognize network resource on the internet.

 Network resource could be text, documents,

plain web pages, programs or graphics.

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URL
 URL string consist of following parts:
 Network protocol
 Host name or address
 Port number
 File or resource location.

 URL provides comprehensive form to

uniquely identify or address information on
the internet.
 Java has provided : URL class

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URL
 URL string consist of three parts:
 Network protocol
 Host name or address
 File or resource location.

 URL provides comprehensive form to

uniquely identify or address information on
the internet.
 Java has provided : URL class

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URL

Ex
 http://www.msbte.com/index.html
URL class has some constructors and it throws
MalformedURLException
URL(String url)
URL(String protocol, String hostname, int port,
String path)
URL(URL obj, String url)

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URL
 String getProtocol()
 String getHost()
 String toExternalForm()
 String getFile()
 String getPort()

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 URLConnection Class
 Used for accessing the attributes of remote
resource.

 public URLConnection openConnection()throws

IOException{}
 openConnection() of URL class returns the object of
URLConnection class.

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 URLConnection Class methods
 int getContentLength() : Return size of
contents related to resource. If no length then
return -1.
 String getContentType(): Return type of
content of resource.
 long getDate() : Return date and time of
response
 long getLastModified() : return last date and
time modified of response

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 URLConnection Class methods
 Long getExpiration(): Return expiration date
and time in miliseconds.
 InputStream getInputStream() : Used to get
contens of resource.

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 Socket Programming
 Sockets provide the communication mechanism
between two computers using TCP.
 A client program creates a socket on its end of
the communication and attempts to connect
that socket to a server.
 When the connection is made, the server
creates a socket object on its end of the
communication.
 The client and server can now communicate by
writing to and reading from the socket.
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 Socket Programming

 Socket class represents a socket.

 ServerSocket class provides a mechanism for

the server program to listen for clients and
establish connections with them.

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 Steps to establish connection
 The server instantiates a ServerSocket
object, denoting which port number
communication is to occur on.
 The server invokes the accept() method of the
ServerSocket class. This method waits until a
client connects to the server on the given port.
 After the server is waiting, a client
instantiates a Socket object, specifying the
server name and port number to connect to.

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 Steps to establish connection
 The constructor of the Socket class attempts
to connect the client to the specified server
and port number. If communication is
established, the client now has a Socket object
capable of communicating with the server.
 On the server side, the accept() method
returns a reference to a new socket on the
server that is connected to the client's socket.

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 Steps to establish connection
 Each socket has both an OutputStream and an
InputStream.

 The client's OutputStream is connected to the

server's InputStream,

 Client's InputStream is connected to the

server's OutputStream.

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 ServerSocket Constructor
 public ServerSocket(int port)

 public ServerSocket(int port, int backlog)

 public ServerSocket(int port, int backlog,

InetAddress address)

 public ServerSocket()

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 ServerSocket Methods
 public int getLocalPort() : Return port number of server
socket is listening.
 public Socket accept() : Waits for an incoming client.
 public void setSoTimeout(int timeout) : Sets the
time-out value for how long the server socket waits for a client
during the accept().
 public void bind(SocketAddress host, int
backlog) : Binds the socket to the specified server and port in
the SocketAddress object. Use this method if you instantiated
the ServerSocket using the no-argument constructor.

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 Socket Constructor
 public Socket(String host, int port)
 public Socket(InetAddress host, int port).
 public Socket(String host, int port,
InetAddress localAddress, int localPort)
 public Socket(InetAddress host, int port,
InetAddress localAddress, int localPort)
 public Socket()

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 Socket Methods
 public void connect(SocketAddress host, int
timeout)
 public InetAddress
getInetAddress()
 public int getPort()
 public int getLocalPort()
 public SocketAddress
getRemoteSocketAddress()
 public InputStream
getInputStream()
 public OutputStream 33
 Sockets

Client socket, welcoming socket (passive) and connection socket (active)

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 Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket, port=x, for incoming
request: welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()

wait for incoming

TCP create socket,
connection request connection setup connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = clientSocket =
Socket()
welcomeSocket.accept()

send request using

read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket

write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
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