Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    Chapter 4 - Network Programming

    Uploaded by

    girmawakeyo5

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 4 - Network Programming

    Uploaded by

    girmawakeyo5
    3 views23 pages

    Original Title

    Chapter 4- Network Programming

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3 views23 pages

    Chapter 4 - Network Programming

    Uploaded by

    girmawakeyo5

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    1

    At the end of this chapter, you will be able to:


    understand about the Java network classes and interfaces

    know about the different types of sockets and

    their functionality
    create servers using server sockets and clients using client

    sockets
    develop a client/server applications.

    2
     Java provides:-
    Stream-based communications
    a process establishes a connection to another
    process. While the connection is in place, data
    flows between the processes
    Connection-based protocol - Uses TCP
    Packet-based communications – use UDP
    Individual packets transmitted
     Client-server relationship
    Client requests some action to be performed
    Server performs the action and responds to client
    Request-response model
    Common implementation: Web browsers and Web
    servers
    3
     Java Networking is a concept of connecting two or more computing devices

    together so that we can share resources.


     Java Network programming provides facility to share data between

    different computing devices.

    Advantage of Java Networking


     sharing resources
     centralize software management
    Java Networking terminology
     IP Address
     Protocol
     Port number
     MAC Address, connection-oriented and connection-less protocol

    4
     A socket, in network terminology, is an end-point for communication
    between two processes on the network.
     Java Socket programming is used for communication between the

    applications running on different JRE.


     Java Socket programming can be connection-oriented or connection-less.

     Socket and ServerSocket classes are used for connection-oriented socket

    programming and DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes are used


    for connection-less socket programming.
     The client in socket programming must know two information:

    1. IP Address of Server, and


    2. Port Number
    5
     Java provides the ServerSocket class for creating a server socket and

    the Socket class for creating a client socket. Two programs on the
    Internet communicate through a server socket and a client socket
    using I/O streams.
     Networking is tightly integrated in Java. The Java API provides the

    classes for creating sockets to facilitate program communications


    over the Internet. Sockets are the endpoints of logical connections
    between two hosts and can be used to send and receive data. Java
    treats socket communications much as it treats I/O operations; thus,
    programs can read from or write to sockets as easily as they can read
    from or write to files.
    6
     Network programming usually involves a server and one or more

    clients. The client sends requests to the server, and the server
    responds. The client begins by attempting to establish a connection
    to the server. The server can accept or deny the connection. Once a
    connection is established, the client and the server communicate
    through sockets.
     The server must be running when a client attempts to connect to the

    server. The server waits for a connection request from the client. The
    statements needed to create sockets on a server and on a client are
    shown in Figure 4.1.

    7
     To establish a server, you need to create a server socket and attach it to

    a port, which is where the server listens for connections. The port
    identifies the TCP service on the socket. Port numbers range from 0 to
    65536, but port numbers 0 to 1024 are reserved for privileged services.
     For instance, the email server runs on port 25, and the Web server

    usually runs on port 80. You can choose any port number that is not
    currently used by other programs.
     The following statement creates a server socket serverSocket:

    ServerSocket serverSocket = new


    ServerSocket(port);
    8
    Figure 4.1: The server creates a server socket and, once a connection to a
    client is established, connects to the client with a client socket.

    9
    Fig 4.2. connection-oriented communication pattern using sockets

    10
     After a server socket is created, the server can use the following

    statement to listen for connections:

    Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();


     This statement waits until a client connects to the server socket. The

    client issues the following statement to request a connection to a


    server:

    Socket socket = new Socket(serverName,


    port);
     This statement opens a socket so that the client program can

    communicate with the server. serverName is the server’s Internet


    11
    host name or IP address.
     The following statement creates a socket on the client machine to

    connect to the host 130.254.204.33 at port 8000:

    Socket socket = new


    Socket("130.254.204.33", 8000)
    Alternatively, you can use the domain name to create a socket, as
    follows:

    Socket socket = new


    Socket(“www.facebook.com", 8000);
     When you create a socket with a host name, the JVM asks the DNS to

    translate the host name into the IP address.


    12
     After the server accepts the connection, communication between the
    server and the client is conducted in the same way as for I/O streams.
    The statements needed to create the streams and to exchange data
    between them are shown in Example below.

    The server and client exchange data through I/O streams on top of the socket.
    13
     To get an input stream and an output stream, use the getInputStream()

    and getOutputStream() methods on a socket object. For example, the


    following statements create an InputStream stream called input and
    an OutputStream stream called output from a socket:
    InputStream input =
    socket.getInputStream();
    OutputStream output =
    socket.getOutputStream();
     The InputStream and OutputStream streams are used to read or

    write bytes. You can use DataInputStream, DataOutputStream,


    BufferedReader, and PrintWriter to wrap on the InputStream and

    14 OutputStream to read or write data, such as int, double,or String.


     The following statements, for instance, create the DataInputStream

    stream input and the DataOutputStream output to read and write


    primitive data values:
    DataInputStream input = new
    DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

    DataOutputStream output = new


    DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

    15
     The server program can use the InetAddress class to obtain the

    information about the IP address and host name for the client.
     Occasionally, you would like to know who is connecting to the server.

    You can use the InetAddress class to find the client’s host name and IP
    address. The InetAddress class models an IP address.
     You can use the following statement in the server program to get an

    instance of InetAddress on a socket that connects to the client.

    InetAddress inetAddress =
    socket.getInetAddress();

    16
    Next, you can display the client’s host name and IP address, as follows:
    System.out.println("Client's host name is "
    +
    inetAddress.getHostName());
    System.out.println("Client's IP Address is "
    +
    inetAddress.getHostAddress());

    17
     A server can serve multiple clients. The connection to each client is handled
    by one thread.
     Multiple clients are quite often connected to a single server at the same time.

    Typically, a server runs continuously on a server computer, and clients from


    all over the Internet can connect to it. You can use threads to handle the
    server’s multiple clients simultaneously—simply create a thread for each
    connection. Here is how the server handles the establishment of a
    connection:
    while (true) {
    Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //
    Connect to a client
    18 Thread thread = new ThreadClass(socket);
     The server socket can have many connections. Each iteration of the while

    loop creates a new connection. Whenever a connection is established, a


    new thread is created to handle communication between the server and
    the new client, and this allows multiple connections to run at the same
    time. A sample run of the server with two clients is shown in Figure
    below:

    Figure 4.3: Multithreading enables a server to handle multiple independent clients.


    19
     Connectionless transmission with datagrams
     No connection maintained with other computer
     Break message into separate pieces and send as
    packets
     Datagram packet
     used as short lived envelopes for datagram messages
     Used to assemble messages before they are dispatched
    onto the network,
     or dismantle messages after they have been received
     The DatagramPacket class
     represents a datagram packet.
     Has the following attributes:
     Destination/source address
     Destination/source port number
    20  Data bytes constituting the message
     Java DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes are used for connection-less

    socket programming.
     DatagramSocket class

     Java DatagramSocket class represents a connection-less socket for sending and

    receiving datagram packets. A datagram is basically an information but there is no


    guarantee of its content, arrival or arrival time.
     Commonly used Constructors of DatagramSocket class
    o DatagramSocket() throws SocketException: it creates a datagram socket
    and binds it with the available Port Number on the localhost machine.
    o DatagramSocket(int port) throws SocketException: it creates a datagram
    socket and binds it with the given Port Number.
    o DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress address) throws SocketException:
    it creates a datagram socket and binds it with the specified port number and host
    address.

    21
     Java DatagramPacket class

    Java DatagramPacket is a message that can be sent or received. If you send


    multiple packet, it may arrive in any order. Additionally, packet delivery is
    not guaranteed.

    Commonly used Constructors of DatagramPacket class


     DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length): it creates a datagram packet.

    This constructor is used to receive the packets of lengh length.


     DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, InetAddress address, int port):

    it creates a datagram packet. This constructor is used to send the packets to


    the specified port number on the specified host.

    22 ExampleSender ExampleReceiver
    23

    You might also like