ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Design and Fabrication of Gorlov VAWT for Highway Street Lights

Naveen kumar.P1, Vikas Varma.S2, Jayanth Aditya.T3, Vinay.Y4
1
Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical, Hindusthan Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
2,3,4
Student Department of Mechanical, Hindusthan Institute of Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India.
******
ABSTRACT: That it is functioning properly and generating
the required amount of electricity
Wind energy is one of the non-conventional
forms of energy. In renewable sources of energy 2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
wind energy has its applications at times as it is
abundantly available in the environment. There were projects done by others on Gorlov
Electrical energy can be generated with the help vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). There have
of VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine). The been various researches, studies and
main motive of this project is to generate energy experiments to design and fabricate Gorlov
for useful work by using wind energy in the most wind turbine for highway lights.
effective manner, i.e., getting the maximum One study by V. Jayaram, (Department of
output. For installing this type of setup spacious Mechanical Engineering) and B. Bavanish,
area where we can find wind with high speed as (Department of Fire Technology and Safety
it is our requirement and therefore we selected Engineering), Noorul Islam Center for Higher
highways as our installing sites. We can also take Education, Tamil Nadu, India).
advantage of moving vehicles with their speed
when they are passing over these turbines. In this Material Today: Proceedings 37(2021)3343-
project we are using Gorlov Vertical Axis Wind 3351. Article Received: 15 July 2020,
Turbine. The working of this VAWT follows as, Accepted: 7 September 2020, Available online:
the blades connected to a disc which is connected 22 October 2020.
to a shaft. The shaft is then coupled with pulley
Their article reviews the various technologies in
with the bearing, and then pulley is connected to
crossflow hydro turbines and the viability of
an alternator, which generates electricity.
installing Gorlov helical turbine inn possible
KEY WORDS: Helical wind blades, Support potential sites. Various design approaches to
stand, Gear box, Dynamo, Self-aligning bearing. Gorlov helical turbine are outlined with
simulation.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Another study on design and development of
The Gorlov wind turbine is a type of vertical axis vertical axis wind turbine blade done by D. A.
wind turbine (VAWT) consists of helical blades Nikam (PG Scholar, CAD/CAM) and S. M.
which is a unique design optimized for areas where Kherde (Principal & professor CAD/CAM), Dr.
the air flow is low and erratic. It is designed to be Sau Kamalatai Gawai Institute of Engineering
compact, cost effective and efficient solution for and Technology, Darapur.
generating power to the highway lights. Therefore,
we aim to design and fabricate a Gorlov vertical International Journal of Engineering Research
axis wind turbine as a project. and Application (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
National Conference on Emerging Research
To design the wind turbine we will be using the Trends in Engineering and Technology.
Solid Works software and to fabricate this CAD (NCERT 2nd &3rd November 2015).

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Kumar and Dwivedi (2015) designed and 3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

fabricated a Garlov wind turbine for street light
Using the following methodology, a Gorlov wind
applications. The authors used a mathematical turbine for street light can be design and
model to design the turbine, and then fabricated constructed:
it using low-cost materials such as PVC pipes,
aluminum strips, and steel rods. The authors A .Requirement Analysis: Identify the power
requirement of the street lights, the location of the
conducted experiments on the turbine and found
wind turbine, and the available wind resources.
that it performed well in low wind speed This will help determine the size and
conditions, producing up to 30 watts of power. specification of the wind turbine.
Shaligram and Kulkarni (2017) also designed B. Design the Blade: Design the blades of the
and fabricated a Garlov wind turbine for street wind turbine with help of Solidworks software.
light applications. The authors used a The blades should be aerodynamically efficient,
mathematical model to optimize the design of the and the shape should be such that it can rotate
smoothly even at low wind speed.
turbine, and then fabricated it using aluminum
blades and steel shafts. The authors conducted C. Design of Rotor: The rotor is the central
experiments on the turbine and found that it rotating part of the turbine. The rotor can be
produced up to 50 watts of power in wind speeds designed using Solidworks and then fabricated
of 4-6 m/s. using 3D printer.
D. Design of Dynamo: The Dynamo is used to
Hasanuzzaman et al. (2018) designed and
convert the rotational energy of the rotor into
fabricated a Garlov wind turbine for street electrical energy.
lighting systems in rural areas. The authors used
a mathematical model to optimize the design of E. Fabricate the components: Once the design is
the turbine, and then fabricated it using finalized, the components of the turbine can be
fabricated. The blades can be made of Aluminum,
fiberglass blades and an aluminum frame. The while the rotor can be made of iron.
authors conducted experiments on the turbine
and found that it produced up to 80 watts of F. Assemble the turbine: The turbine can be
power in wind speeds of 4-6 m/s. assembled by attaching the blades to the rotor and
then mounting the Dynamo on the turbine shaft.
Sridhar et al. (2020) designed and fabricated a
G. Install and test the turbine: The turbine can be
Garlov wind turbine for street light applications. installed at the site where the street lights are
The authors used a mathematical model to located. The turbine should be tested to ensure.
optimize the design of the turbine, and then
fabricated it using PVC pipes, fiberglass blades, 4. COMPONENTS REQURIMENT:
and an aluminum frame. The authors conducted A. Blades:
experiments on the turbine and found that it
produced up to 60 watts of power in wind speeds Wind turbine consists of three blades. The
of 4-6 m/s. blades are made up of Aluminum because
they provide better strength and light weight
Raveendran and Sathish Kumar (2021) material. The design of the individual blades
conducted experimental investigations on a also affects the overall design of the rotor.
Garlov wind turbine for street light application. Blades are connected to the rotor parallel.
The authors used a mathematical model to
optimize the design of the turbine, and then Specifications:
fabricated it using aluminum blades and a steel
Material- Aluminum, thickness- 1.2mm,
shaft. The authors found that the turbine
length *breadth- 65*100.
performed well in low wind speed conditions,
producing up to 25 watts of power.

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Figure 1: Blades
B. Shaft or Rotor: Figure 3: Clamps

The shaft is the part that gets turned by the E. Gear Set:
turbine blades. The material used for
Gears are used to transfer motion and power
manufacturing the shaft is iron.
between moving parts. Gear is connected to
Specifications: Diameter of shaft- 25mm. main shaft therefore when the driving gear
rotates along with main shaft.
C. Self-aligning bearing:
Specifications:
The type of the bearing we used in the wind
turbine is Self-Aligning Ball Bearing – Type: Spur gear
open, double row (1205). The features of No. of teeth on large gear= 50 teeth
ball bearing is the inner ring, ball, cage No. of teeth on small gear= 12 teeth
shaft have alignment properties that allow Ratio= 4.16
them to freely rotate around the center of
the bearing. Since the friction is smaller
than that of roller bearing, it is difficult for
the temperature to rise even at high speeds.

Figure 4: Gears

F. Dynamo:

A dynamo is an electrical generator that utilizes

mechanical energy to generate electricity.
Figure 2: Self-aligning bearing Dynamo converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy. Dynamo is connected to gear.
D. Clamps:

Clamps are a tool that used to hold work

securely to place, so that the work remains
rigid in the desired position.

Figure 5: Dynamo

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

5. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: The limitations like space and height are not
taken into considerations when it comes to
The design and fabrication of Gorlov vertical vertical axis wind turbine because VAWTs have
axis wind turbine is raised due to need of lower wind start up speed and can generate
sustainable energy source for highway lights. electricity at 10km/h.
We observed many highway lines are in use
which has no light posts for a long distance and Additionally, the Gorlov wind turbine is durable,
failure of highway lights due to not enough efficient and need low maintenance when
extension of power supply lines and other compared to other sources of energy. The main
causes which has no immediate fixtures. challenge is optimizing its performance in a
range of various wind conditions. On final note,
This may be able to cause many accidents and the Gorlov wind turbine for highway street lights
misleading of vehicles into path of dangers. providing the need for a sustainable and reliable
Whereas, this problem can be fixed with the source of energy, while also provides a cost
help of renewable energy source which can be effective and efficient solution.
reliable at times of difficult circumstances.
6. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
This method is suggestable and the best way to
generate the electricity by using nature as The main objective of this project is to generate
primary resource, as air abundantly available in electricity to power the highway street lights
environment. Traditional sources of energy can through sustainable and renewable energy by
also be used and can be more effective, but the designing and fabricating a Gorlov vertical axis
resources are finite and cause environmental wind turbine. This design of wind turbine is
pollution and climate change. going to produce electricity in a sustainable and
efficient manner. The design and fabrication of
Street lights and the lights at the highway lines this vertical axis wind turbine will involve a
are crucial in modern cities, towns and villages multi-disciplinary approach which includes
for providing safety and security to both elements of mechanical and electrical
vehicle drivers and pedestrians. engineering.
However the cost of supplying power to such We know the importance of functioning of
extents can be significant. Because as we know highway street lights, and difficulty may arise in
how the situation can be in remote areas to achieving that goal due to unreliable or non-
access the power to basic needs and the grid is existing power grids at the highway lines near to
unreliable. Now here , the Gorlov vertical axis remote areas and fail to supply the power lines to
wind turbine promises the potential to produce the far extents. With the help of this project the
the enough electricity required for street lights above goal can be achieved in a sustainable and
at highways in rural area. The compact size and efficient manner to produce power to the
design of the vertical axis wind turbine will highway street lights to a far extent.
make it suitable for both urban and rural areas.
Developing this design of Gorlov vertical axis
Regardless of space and height limitations the wind turbine can be a revolutionary aspect in
installation of a vertical axis wind turbine renewable energy sources to produce electricity
would be so much practical rather than a in most efficient way. The most advantageous
horizontal wind turbine. aspect of this project is, it needs low maintenance
and durability is high This design can help in
reducing the reliance on traditional energy
sources and contribute to a more eco-friendly
future.

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

7. SOLUTION: It reduces the reliance on the traditional

energy sources like fossil fuels, gas, coal and
The solution to the problem of producing the etc. which leads to environmental pollution. It
power to the highway street lights with a cost effective, low maintenance and
renewable and reliable source of energy is the
contributes to a more sustainable future.
design and fabrication of Gorlov vertical axis
wind turbine which is optimized for use to 8. GORLOV VERTICAL AXIS WIND
power the highway street lights in both urban TURBINE:
and rural areas.
We are using Gorlov vertical axis wind
There are some necessary steps that are need turbine (VAWT) for highway lighting
to take into consideration to develop an system. Gorlov vertical axis wind turbine was
effective solution for the present problem: invented by Alexander M. Gorlov, a
professor of Northeastern University. Gorlov
The first step in this process is to conduct site
wind turbine is a variant and evolved version
survey where the Gorlov wind
of Darrieus wind turbine design. The design
turbine is going to be installed. This survey
of Gorlov wind turbine varies from Darrieus
will determine the speed and direction of
wind turbine at rotor blades section.
wind, as well as the height and location of the
turbine. The rotor blades of Gorlov wind turbine are
kind of helical which means they are bent at
Second step involves the designing of wind
certain angle and attached to the rotor shaft.
turbine. The wind blades, rotor, gear set, body
The reason for this design is to increase the
frame and generator can be designed using
drag force. This feature leads Gorlov turbine
various design software like computer-aided
into various applications.
design (CAD), Solid works, CATIA and etc.
It will be most suitable in the situations where
Now the designed components need to
the areas have low cut in wind speed. Vertical
fabricate. That can be done by various
axis wind turbines are reliable as it can use
approaches like using combination of 3D
air regardless of its direction. This type of
printing and manual techniques. The
vertical axis wind turbine has no restrictions
materials selection for fabrication is on the
regarding theheight and spacious requirement
basis of durability, strength and cost-
as its main components located near to the
effective.
ground, it can receive non-directional and
The last step in this process is to test the low cut-in wind speed.
turbine performance in different wind We designed this Gorlov axis vertical wind
conditions. The work efficiency and turbine which differs from the most of the
reliability of the wind turbine should be existing model. There is a curved plate
measured and required alternatives have to be attachments which have been welded
done in order to optimize its performance. between the rotor blades to the rotor shaft.
After completion of performance test of the This additional attachment will increase the
wind turbine, it needs to be installed at the drag force due to air and number of rotations
locations where it is needed. of the rotor blades due to increase in torque.
This solution provides the most sustainable, With the help of this attachment, the wind
efficient and eco-friendly manner to produce turbine can generate more output in an
the electricity to power the highway street efficient way.
lights and offers several advantages.

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

A vertical axis wind turbine is connected to the

We installed dynamo capacity of 12 volts
which has gear setting to its shaft and Gearbox which includes gears. This gearbox is
connected to another gear which is attached directly connected to the electric dynamo shaft.
to the main rotary shaft the wind turbine. So, This turbine will revolve once the wind blows
the maximum output generated maybe 12 & the gearbox in this system will enhance the
Volts. turbine rotations internally & send these
3D Image of garlov: rotations to the generator like a mechanical
input. So the dynamo will generate the output as
the electrical energy by using this input. LED is
connected to dynamo when the turbine will
rotate it blinks the LED. This turbine is arranged
on the dividers of the highway roads.

Figure-6 : 3D Image

2D Image of garlov:

Figure 8 : Prototype
10. WIND ANALYSIS

Figure 7 : 2D Image

9. WORKING:

The working of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine is to

convert Rotational energy in Electrical energy.
Vertical axis wind turbine components are blade,
shaft, bearing, support stand. For vertical axis
wind turbine, the axis of rotation of the turbine is
perpendicular to the wind stream. Blades are
connected to rotor vertically. The shape of the
turbine blades is curved to get the wind for
revolution from road Where the vehicle speed
will makes this turbine turns. The rotors in the
turbine revolve around a vertical shaft by using
vertically oriented blades.

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Physics Report
Table 3. Domain Physics for FFF

Domain - enclosure

Type FLUID

Figure 9 : Wind Analysis Location enclosure

The above scenario shows the wind analysis of Domain - rotary

Gorlov vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)
blades and how it acts under different wind Type FLUID
ranges. The description of the above analysis
process is given below in detail. Location rotary

File Report Table 4. Boundary Physics for FFF

Table 1. File Information for FFF Domain Boundaries

Case FFF enclosure Boundary - inlet

File C:\Users\Y.VINAY\final project Type VELOCITY-INLET

Path analysis_files\dp0\FFF\Fluent\FFF.flp
Location inlet
File 03 May 2023
Date Boundary - inlet1
contact_region trg
File 07:12:48 AM
Time Type INTERFACE

File CFF Location inlet1-contact_region-

Type trg

File -- Boundary - inlet2

Version contact_region trg

Mesh Report Type INTERFACE

Table 2. Mesh Information for FFF Location inlet2-contact_region-

trg
Domain Nodes Elements
Boundary - inlet3
enclosure 34571 183395 contact_region trg

rotary 50530 172412 Type INTERFACE

All Domains 85101 355807 Location inlet3-contact_region-

trg
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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Boundary - opening 12.COMPARISON BETWEEN EXISTING

MODEL AND DEVELOPED MODEL:
Type WALL
Existing Model:
Location opening

Boundary - outlet

Type OUTFLOW

Location outlet

rotary Boundary - int 1r contact_region src

Type INTERFACE Figure 10

 The existing model has blades in a

Location int-1r-contact_region-src
helical shape configuration.
Boundary - int 2r contact_region src
 Less efficiency.
 Low starting torque.
Type INTERFACE  No additional attachments done to
increase the number of RPMs.
Location int-2r-contact_region-src  Covers very low swept area.
 It traps less air in the bent of
Boundary - int 3r contact_region src the rotor blades. Thus, the drag
force is comparatively low.
Type INTERFACE  Generated output maybe low compared
to the developed design.
Location int-3r-contact_region-src
DEVELOPED DESIGN MODEL:
Boundary - wall

Type WALL

Location wall

11. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 11

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
DISADVANTAGES:
 This design is done to improve the A. Most of the VAWTs produce energy
performance than the existing Gorlov at only 50% of the efficiency of
vertical axis wind turbine model. HAWT.
 The developed design is somewhat B. Changing the parts of VAWTs is
similar to the existing model at the blades nearly impossible because they are
portion. located on the ground and under the
 But there is an additional attachment weight of the structure above it.
which makes it different from the existing C. VAWTs may not produce as much
model. energy as HAWT because the rotors
are located near to the ground where
 Curved plates have been welded between
the wind speeds are low.
the each of the three blades to the rotary
D. Access to lower wind speed.
shaft. E. Efficiency of rotation is less.
 This additional attachment helps to trap
more air to increase the drag force. 14. CONCLUSION:
 Hence, the number of rotations of the In conclusion, the design and fabrication of
rotor blades increases with the torque a Gorlov vertical axis wind turbine
produced due to the drag force. (VAWT) for highway street lights
 High efficiency can be achieved providing a reliable solution to the criteria
compared to the existing model. of supplying power to the street lights in
 Swept area is more compared to the the highway lines with a sustainable and
existing model. efficient source of energy. The design and
 Generates more output than the existing compact size of the Gorlov vertical axis
model. wind turbine making it ideal for use at the
highway lines near remote area and urban
13. ADVANTAGES AND area. Drawbacks like space, height and
DISADVANTAGES direction of wind flow and etc. don’t make
ADVANTAGES: an obstacle for a vertical axis wind turbine.
As the rotor blades are parallel to the shaft
A. Vertical axis wind turbines the drag can be produced with the wind in
comparatively have lower noise
any direction.
operation than horizontal axis wind
turbines. The design and fabrication process requires
B. Electricity can be generated regardless of assessing the site inspection, designing of
wind direction. wind turbine components, fabricating the
C. No environmental pollution. VAWTs components and assembling, testing the
relatively have start up at lower wind
performance of wind turbine and
speed than HAWTs.
installing at the selected site.
D. Space and height limitations may not be
taken into consideration. 13. REFERENCES:
E. Easy installation.
F. Smoother torque curve.  V. Jayaram, (Department of
G. Less vibration and noise. Mechanical Engineering) and B.
Bavanish, (Department of Fire
Technology and Safety
Engineering), Noorul Islam Center
for Higher Education, Tamil Nadu,
India). Material Today: Proceedings
37(2021)3343-3351.

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ETEST - 2023 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

 International Journal of Engineering  Raveendran, S., and Sathish Kumar, K.

Research and Application (IJERA) (2021). Experimental Investigation of
ISSN: 2248-9622 National Conference a Garlov Type Vertical Axis Wind
on Emerging Research Trends in Turbine for Street Light Application.
Engineering and Technology. (NCERT International Journal of Engineering
2nd &3rd November 2015). Research and Technology, 10(6), pp.
298-302.
 Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Alavi,
Nitin Mohan, AbidAzeez, Abdul
Shariff and Bilal Javed, College of
Engineering, Abu Dhabi. MATEC Web
of Conferences 108, 08010(2017),
ICMAA 2017, DOI:
1.1051/matecconf/201710808010.

 M. Ragheb, “Vertical Axis Wind

Turbines,” University of Illinois at
Urban, Illinois, 2015.

 Kumar, P. and Dwivedi, V. K. (2018).

Design and Fabrication of Garlov Type
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Street
Light Application. International Journal
of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering, 4(3), pp. 2003-2010.

 Shaligram, A. D., and Kulkarni, S. S.

(2017). Design and Fabrication of
Garlov Type Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Robotics
Research, 6(4), pp. 310-316.

 Hasanuzzaman, M., Hasan, M. A., and

Islam, M. R. (2018). Design and
Fabrication of a Garlov Type Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine for Street Lighting
System. International Journal of
Renewable Energy Research, 8(1), pp.
290-297.

 Sridhar, S., Sujatha, S., and Sundaram,

S. (2020). Design and Fabrication of a
Garlov Type Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine for Street Light Application.
International Journal of Energy,
Environment and Economics, 28(1), pp.
39-47.

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