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Electronics
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Materials Used for Constructing a Robot
Electronics – STE 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Materials Used for Constructing a Robot
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education- Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Christian C. Bartolome
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Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education--- Schools Division of Bulacan

Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
E-mail address: [email protected]
 10

Electronics
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Materials Used for Constructing a Robot
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can continue your studies
and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully
stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover
and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if
you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and
test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teachers are also provided to our facilitators
and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module provides a discussion and series of activities that will

help you describe the materials used for constructing a robot.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• describe the materials used for constructing a robot;
• identify the parts of a robot; and
• give the importance of robot applications and the benefits of
using them across industries.

What I Know

Directions: Read and answer each question/statement carefully. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not an essential component for the construction of

robots?
A. actuators C. power supply
B. energy D. sensors
2. Which of the following best describes a robot?
A. It can follow instructions.
B. It can resemble a human being.
C. It thinks for itself, especially if the thought processes are logical.
D. It is capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically.
3. This law states that a robot may not injure a human being or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A. First Law C. Third Law
B. Second Law D. Combine Law
4. An autonomous robot is one that:
A. has mechanisms to perform a variety of operations.
B. uses its intelligence or program to handle situations.
C. requires a human operator to carry out its tasks.
D. uses sensors and other technology controlled by software.

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5. Which is NOT one of the five essential parts of a robot?
A. controller C. end effectors
B. drive D. peripheral tools
6. Which is TRUE about robots?
A. They operate in the real physical world.
B. They need special hardware with sensors and effectors.
C. Inputs to robots are analog signals in the form of speech, waveform,
or images.
D. All of the above
7. Which of the following is NOT an application of Robotics?
A. child care C. medicine
B. industries D. military
8. Robotics is under what branch of Science?
A. Computer science C. Mechanical engineering
B. Electrical engineering D. All of the above
9. What basic component of a robot is made up of aluminum alloy?
A. frame C. power supply
B. microcontroller unit D. sensor
10. Which of the following statements concerning the implementation of
robotic systems is correct?
A. Implementation of robots can create new jobs.
B. Implementation of robots can save existing jobs.
C. Robotics could prevent a business from closing.
D. All of the above.
11. These are the “joints” that allow a hand-like motion to a robot. These are
sometimes called end-effectors.
A. controllers C. manipulators
B. frames D. sensors
12. Which is NOT under the three classifications of a robot?
A. agent robot C. remote control robot
B. autonomous robot D. semi-autonomous robot
13. Which place would LEAST likely to include operational robots?
A. factory C. private home
B. hospital D. warehouse
14. Which part of a robot unit would include the computer circuitry that
could be programmed to determine what the robot would do?
A. arm C. end effector
B. controller D. sensor
15. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of robots?
A. They replace jobs.
B. They assist humans with disabilities.
C. They do not get tired or require a break.
D. They are used in dangerous environments.

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 What’s In

Fix Me!

Robots are not merely figments of an overactive imagination. They are

real and potentially autonomous machines and are designed to help people in
their day-to-day tasks. Below are descriptions of different terms related to
robots and the jumbled letters which will form the correct word.

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form the described word. Do this
on a separate sheet of paper.

DESCRIPTION WORDS

This is a reprogrammable and multifunctional

1. OTBOR
machine designed to perform various tasks.

It is a field in computer science and engineering

2. concerned with the creation of devices that can CORSITOB
move and react to sensory input.

It is the study and design of intelligent agents

where an intelligent agent is a system that
3. FACIALIRT
perceives its environment and takes actions that
TENCELGLEIN
maximize its chances of success.

It is the use of information systems and

4. technologies to reduce the need for human ATOMUNOTIA
interaction.

It means to become aware or conscious of oneself

5. TENSENTI
and the world.

How many words do you

remember well?
You may refer back to these
pages when you want to recall the
definition of the listed terms.

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 What’s new

Seek Me!

Directions: The word box puzzle below contains ten (10) hidden words related to
robotics that are arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, or
backwards. Find those words and write them on a separate sheet of
paper.

Generated from Free Word Search Puzzle Maker

What can you say about these words?

Are you aware that mankind had been
dreaming of robots for quite a while?

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 What is It

The word robot came from the

Czech word "robota" which means
"slave labor". It was first used to
describe a fictional “humanoid”
created by Josef Capek in 1920 for
the Czech play called Rossum's
Universal Robots with the original
title "Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti".
Basically, the main function of a
robot is to replace humans in performing tasks that are complex and risky.
Since they are machines and can be controlled by a manipulator, their tasks
are subjected to the program designed for their specific capabilities. They can
be controlled using remote controls. They can be commanded based on their
calculations as machines or devices run by battery or electricity. In general,
they can be classified as autonomous or semi-autonomous.

There is no single description encapsulating all the principles and

concepts of robots and robotics. Generally speaking, a robot can do three
things. First, it obtains information from its environment. Second, it exhibits
a degree of intelligence. And lastly, it can manipulate objects. A robot is any
mechanically controlled computer that substitutes human effort. The
Institute of America described a robot as a reprogrammable and a
multifunctional manipulator. Its use is to transfer objects, components,
instruments, or specialized equipment through programmed variable devices.
Robotics is then defined as the engineering discipline that deals with robot
design, development, and operation.

GUIDE QUESTION No. 1

What are robots?

A writer also coined the term “robotics” in his

short story Runabout. The Russian-American
science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the
word in 1942. Asimov had a much brighter and
more positive vision of the robots in human society
than Capek did. In his short stories, he typically
described robots as helpful servants of man and
regarded them as "stronger and cleaner breeds."
Asimov formulated the Robotics Laws.

Figure 1. Image of a robot

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First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a
human being to come to harm.
Second Law: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where
such orders would conflict with the First Law.
Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

GUIDE QUESTION No. 2

Differentiate the Three (3) Laws of Robotics.

Classification of Robots
Mechanical
Engineering
1. Autonomous Robots
• Gain information about the
Electrical and
working environment Electronics
• Can work without human Engineering
intervention
• Have the ability to take care of Computer
themselves Science
Examples: Cataglyphis Rover,
Roomba

2. Remote-Controlled Robots Figure 2. Robotics and its

• Require human operator sub-discipline in research
• Can be controlled over distance
(tele-operated)
Examples: firefighting robot and battlebots

3. Semi-Autonomous Robots
• Can be controlled using a remote controller or can be autonomous (modes)
Examples: Drones like DJI Inspire Programmed High Path.

Components of a Robot

Robots are machines designed to mimic the actions of a living creature

like a human or an animal. The components used to make mimicking possible
vary and depend on the tasks to be accomplished by the robot. As these
components have counterparts in living creatures, it makes sense that
artificial creations like mechanical robots are also given these parts to a
certain degree. These components are the following:

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 Controller

Communication
Sensors: System: Wired/Wireless

Camera

Mic Power Supply System:

AC/DC

Obstacle
Light
Actuators: Motors

Mechanical System/
Frame: Chassis

Figure 3: Basic Parts of a Robot

Table 1. Deconstructing Robot Nuts and Bolts

Types/
Parts Function Pictures/Image
Materials Used

It is the skeletal
structure that
holds the robot Steel,
together. It is Aluminum
1. Frame
based on the task Alloy, Plastic,
that the machine Titanium
is supposed to
undertake.

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 Types/
Parts Function Pictures/Image
Materials Used

It is used to
activate the Lead Acid
actuators (muscles) Batteries,
and sensor Alkaline
2. Power supply (senses) of a robot. batteries,
Without it, a robot Lithium-ion
can’t even begin to (Li-ion), Fuel
start processing. Cells,

These are the Brushes,

“joints” that allow Vacuum cups,
a hand-like motion Welding guns,
3. Manipulators
to a robot. They are Spray guns,
sometimes called Magnets,
end-effectors. Drills

The actuators are

the “muscles” of a
These devices
robot. They provide
transfer the
the power that
motion from
allows the
actuators to the
end-effectors to
manipulators.
move.
The following are
4. Actuators Types of
some common
Actuators
transmission
Electric motors,
elements:
Hydraulic systems,
Belt and
Pneumatic
Chain-Drives
systems, and
Gears
Shape Memory
Alloys

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 Types/
Parts Function Pictures/Image
Materials Used

The robot needs to

sense its
environment so it
can effectively Infrared
perform its tasks. sensors,
Like in living Touch sensors,
creatures, robots Sonar sensors,
5. Sensors
require a degree of Laser sensors,
sensory function Visual sensors
patterned after
human senses to
navigate the
environment.

The processing
system of a robot
(Methods of
is equivalent to a
controlling
human’s brain.
robots)
This system
Lead-through
gathers the inputs
6. Controller/ Programming,
taken from the
Microcontroller Teach
sensory
Unit (MCU) programming,
information. Then,
Offline
establish an
programming,
appropriate action
Teleoperation
for the robot that
usually involves
body movement.

Continue reading about the

robotics application stated in
table 2 of the next page.

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Table 2. Various Applications in Several Key Industries Today and their
Functions/Uses of Robots

Diagram Industries Function /Uses of Robots

In the 1960s, the factories use

robots in manufacturing,
Industrial
assembly, welding, painting,
Sector
and tasks related to mass
production and factory work.

Scientists use robots in

Space exploring outer space like the
Curiosity Rover.

The field of agriculture uses

robots in performing tasks
Agriculture
such as vegetable and fruit
picking.

Military operations and other

Remote dangerous exploratory tasks
Operation like bomb disposal use robots
to ensure safety.

Robotics Applications have

been implemented in hospitals
for handicapped assistance
and deliver everything from
Service and
medicines to clean linens.
Maintenance
Households use robots
generally for lawn mowing,
vacuum cleaning, and infant
monitoring.

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 Diagram Industries Function /Uses of Robots

Toys also use the concept of

robotics like Aibo (Artificial
Entertainment Intelligent Robot), the robot dog
and Social popularized by Sony. They
Application encourage children to explore
their creativity through new
technology.
Shipping, handling, and quality
control robots are becoming a
must-have for most logistics
Logistics companies and retailers. Logis-
tics companies utilize robots in
their warehouse and even on the
road to maximize time efficiency.
These self-driving cars are no
longer just imagination. The
combination of data science and
Travel robotics are all working on the
next wave of self-driving vehicles
that will let us sit back, relax
and enjoy the ride.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
True to that!

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Write TRUE if the given
sentence is correct, otherwise write FALSE.

_______1. The actual scientific documents are the bases of the laws of robotics.

_______2. Humans usually delegate exciting and enjoyable tasks to robots.

_______3. The micro-controller unit is the brain of the robot.

_______4. A robot does not need a power supply to function.

_______5. Factories use robots since the 1960s.

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Independent Assessment 1
Fill Me Up!

Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. Choose

your answers inside the box and write them on a separate sheet
of paper.

Karel Capek actuators manipulators

sensors Isaac Asimov robotics

1. _________ formulated the Laws of Robotics.

2. Another term used for end-effectors is _________ .

3. Power supply is used to activate the _________ and sensors.

4. It allows the robot to monitor its environment. Without _________ , the robot
will not be able to do anything.

5. _________ is the field of computer science and engineering concerned with

the creation of devices that can move and react to sensory input.

Independent Activity 2
Match Me!

Directions: Match the given body parts in column A with their counterpart
robotic components in column B. Write the capital letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____1. brain A. end effectors

_____2. hands B. sensors

_____3. body C. power supply

_____4. senses D. actuators

_____5. muscles E. microcontroller

_____6. energy F. frame

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Independent Assessment 2
Name Me!

Directions: Spot the material which is not commonly used in the following ro-
botic parts. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Frame
steel titanium magnet
2. Power supply
chain drives lithium-ion( Li-ion) fuel cells
3.Sensors
sonar sensors drills sensor laser sensors
4. Actuators
spray guns system hydraulic systems pneumatic systems
5. Controller
teach programming offline programming online programming

Independent Activity 3
Robotics Crossword

Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle by identifying the application of

robotics. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

ACROSS:
2. surgical assistance
3. robot painting and
welding
6. exploring outer
part of the earth

DOWN:
1. handicapped and
surgical assistance
4. self-driving
vehicles
5. robots used in

Generated from Free crossword puzzle

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Independent Assessment 3
Picture Perfect

Directions: Look at the pictures below. Identify the various applications of a

robot. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: At this point, sum up what you have learned. Select the
word that will make the statement correct. Write your an-
swer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A (humanoid, robot) is a reprogrammable, multi-functional

machine designed to move material parts.
2. It is an (automatic, physical) device that can perform complex
tasks without any interaction with its environment.
3. (Robotism, Robotics) is the science and technology behind
these machines or devices that we called "robots".
4. The word "robot" came from the Czech word "robota" which
was originally invented by (Josef Capek, Karel Capek) in
1920.
5. His brother (Karel Capek, Isaac Asimov) wrote a play with a
title "Rossumovi Univerzalni Roboti" in Czech language.
6. The Czech word (robota, rebota) means "slave labor" or
"compulsive servitude". The word "robotics" was first used by
the famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov in 1941. He
generally characterized the robots in his short stories as
helpful servants of man.
7. Asimov proposed the (Laws of Robotics, Laws of Terminator).
8. Robots are machines with a body and parts that are meant to
replicate movements of living things and as such, they are
created with features inspired by animals and humans. They
have motors and (actuators, generators) which are like the
muscles and joints that organisms used for movement.
9. Robots have (digital, sensors) in the same way that living
creatures have eyes and other sense organs. A robot has an
intelligent system that functions like a brain.
10. Robots need a (power source, power bank) to operate in the
same way organisms use energy from food.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Label the parts of a robot. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
2. ________

3. ________

4. ________

1. ________ 5. ________

6. ________

Assessment

You are a smart student for reaching this stage. Now, let us test your
learning for the whole module. Answer this post-assessment.

Directions: Read each question/statement carefully. Choose the letter of the

correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is robotics?
A. It is about studying stars.
B. It is about playing with tools.
C. It is learning about story characters.
D. It's all about understanding and building workable robots or
machines.
2. Which part of a robot's sensor is used to detect or navigate its
surroundings?
A. axle sensor C. swivel sensor
B. retrograde sensor D. touch sensor

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3. What is the name of the Sony-favorite artificial-intelligence dog?
A. Aibo C. Gerty
B. Doraemon D. Kitty
4. If chassis is for the mechanical system, then motor is for _______ .
A. actuators C. power supply
B. controller D. sensor
5. What is the meaning of the word “robota”?
A. force labor C. manual labor
B. independent labor D. slave labor
6. Which part of a robot unit would include the computer circuitry that could
be programmed to determine what the robot would do?
A. arm C. end effectors
B. controller D. sensor
7. The term “robot” is derived from the Czech word _______.
A. rabota C. ribota
B. rebota D. robota
8. Drives are also known as _______.
A. actuators C. manipulators
B. controllers D. sensors
9. Which of the following is NOT a function of a robot?
A. efficient performance C. re-programmability
B. multi-functionality D. responsibility
10. AGV stands for _______.
A. All-time Guided Vehicles C. Automated Guided Vehicles
B. Alternative Guided Vehicles D. Automatic Guided Vehicles
11. _______ was the person who used the name “robot” for the first time in
print.
A. George Devol C. Josef Capek
B. Isaac Asimov D. Karel Capek
12. What is the best definition of robot?
A. It can follow instructions.
B. It resembles a human being.
C. It thinks for itself, especially if the thought processes are logical.
D. It is capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically.
13. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of robots?
A. They can replace jobs.
B. They do not get tired or require a break.
C. They can assist humans with disabilities.
D. They can be used in dangerous environments.
14. Which of the following is NOT an application domain of Robots?
A. agriculture C. page control
B. logistic D. travel
15. Which of the following is NOT an essential component for the construction
of robots?
A. actuators C. power supply
B. energy D. sensors

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 Additional Activity

Surely you are now acquainted with the parts /components of a robot. It’s
now your turn to make your own robot.

Directions: Use a paper with grid or a graphing paper and design your own
robot.

Standard Rubric
You will be rated by your teacher according to the following criteria:

Creativity/originality 5 points
Neatness of work 5 points
Composition/Design 5 points
____________
TOTAL: 15 points

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 References

A. Books
Alcarez, Jason and Buenafe, Cyrus Paolo. 2015. Problem Solving with
Robotics. Diliman, Quezon City: TechFactors Inc. 2015

B. Electronic Sources
Built in. 2021. “Uses of Robots”. Robotics Technology. Accessed January 14,
2021. https://builtin.com/robotics

Department of Education. 2021. “Introduction to Robotics”. DepEd

Philippines Facebook live. Updated January 30, 2021.
https://m.facebook.com/
story.phpstory_fbid=1790497017785117&id=359105487482485

Stanford. 1998. “Origins of robot and robotics". Stanford. Accessed January

14, 2021.
https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/
projects/1998-99/robotics/history.html#:~:text=The%20earliest%
20robots%20as%20we,industry%2C%20but%20did%20not%
20succeed.

STEMpedia. 2020. “What is a Robot?”. Accessed January 27, 2021

https://learn.thestempedia.com/courses/introduction-to-robotics/
lessons/intro

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]