Abstract

A survey of the earth’s surface along a particular route in the compilation and updating of
topographical, geological, soil, and other maps and the correlation of selected contours, also
in the study of the dynamics of natural and socioeconomic phenomena in a narrow strip of
terrain. In a route survey, representations of the actual course of the survey and of the plane
horizontal features (including the terrain, if necessary) on both sides of it within the limits of
direct visibility are plotted on a map board using methods of instrument surveying (plane-
table, tacheometry, and aerial photo, topographic surveying) or exploratory surveying.
Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations required or conducted for design and
construction of engineering works such as transportation include highways or railroads for
person, gases and pipeline or waterlines for materials while telephone for messages. A route
surveying system is generally associated with highway design and construction.
Required for the purpose of selecting the best route between two terminal or end stations and
suitable combination of alignment, gradient can be divided into the reconnaissance,
preliminary survey, location survey, construction survey and geometric survey. Going
through this practical, traverse, detail, chainage, longitudinal section, cross section and
levelling were made to get all information required or needed for location of site on published
maps and charts, boundaries, outlines of structures and building lines, contours and natural
drainage lines and aerial photographs.

i
 Acknowledgement

Appreciation expressed to many of the people who have contributed to the completion of this
practical report especially want to thanks to respected lecturer, En.Zaki B.Ahmad Dahlan and
supported members who are willing gave good commitment.
Very special thanks to En. Zaki for supervise and guidance during practical work. Honestly,
special thankful for the help, advice and motivation in all aspects. Thanks a lot for teaching
beneficial theory, knowledge, techniques and a few skills on how the route survey is carried
out. Firstly, to make this practical works, at first as want to create team up with the other
teams to do alignment so as like to express our gratitude to the others team members.
Greatly appreciate all group members for the cooperation, help and support during when the
practical work is done until the final preparation of this report. To the seniors and fellow
friends, thanks a lot for information and contribution that have helped so much in preparing
this report. Thanks also to those who are directly or indirectly contributed something for this
practical report. Thanks you all.

ii
 Table of Contents

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgement .....................................................................................................................ii
List of Figure.............................................................................................................................. v
List of Table .............................................................................................................................. vi

CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Project Detail ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 Survey Area .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1.3 Aims and Objective................................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Scope of Work .......................................................................................................... 2
1.1.5 Quotation................................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................. 5
THEORY ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Defination ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Type of control ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2.1 Horizontal Control .................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Vertical Control ........................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3 Engineering Works ................................................................................................. 11

CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................ 13
EQUIPMENTS AND ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 13
3.1 Equipment ...................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Analysis Equipment ....................................................................................................... 16

CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................ 17
PROCEDURE OF WORK ...................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Planning ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Preparation ..................................................................................................................... 18
iii
 4.3 Field Work ..................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Differential Field Test (DFT).................................................................................. 20
4.3.2 Horizontal Control .................................................................................................. 21
4.3.3 Detailing and Profile Section .................................................................................. 22
4.3.4 Vertical Control ...................................................................................................... 23
4.4 Data Processing .............................................................................................................. 24
4.4.1 Data Transfer .......................................................................................................... 24
4.4.2 Profile Section ......................................................................................................... 29
4.4.3 Editing ..................................................................................................................... 31

CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................ 32
RESULT AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 32
5.1 Differential Field Test .................................................................................................... 32
5.2 Vertical Control ............................................................................................................. 33
5.3 Detailing ......................................................................................................................... 33
5.4 Final Product .................................................................................................................. 33
5.4 Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 34

CHAPTER 6 ............................................................................................................................ 35
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 35
6.1 Comment ........................................................................................................................ 35
6.1.1 Muhammad Afiq Ikhwan bin Hamidi ..................................................................... 35
6.1.2 Mohammad Khairul bin Hasbol.............................................................................. 36
6.1.3 Nada Syifaa Inani Binti Rosli ................................................................................. 37
6.1.4 Nor Atikah Binti Jula Rahman ................................................................................ 37
6.1.5 Nur Syahirah Binti Mohamad Sallehuddin ............................................................. 38
6.1.6 Najihah Binti Azhar ................................................................................................ 38
6.2 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 39
6.3 Refference ...................................................................................................................... 40

CHAPTER 7 ............................................................................................................................ 41
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 41

iv
 List of Figure

Figure 1.1: Universiti Teknologi Mara ...................................................................................... 1

Figure 2: Link Traverse ............................................................................................................. 7
Figure 3: Loop Traverse............................................................................................................. 7
Figure 4: Levelling Concept ...................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5: Trigonometric Heighting ............................................................................................ 9
Figure 6: Flow of Work ........................................................................................................... 17
Figure 7: Survey Area .............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 8: Available CRM Location ......................................................................................... 18
Figure 9: Standard Bench Mark ............................................................................................... 19
Figure 10: Differential Field Test ............................................................................................ 20
Figure 11: Traverse Image ....................................................................................................... 21
Figure 12: Levelling Procedure ............................................................................................... 23
Figure 13: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 24
Figure 14: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 24
Figure 15: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 25
Figure 16: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 25
Figure 17: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 26
Figure 18: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 26
Figure 19: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 27
Figure 20: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 27
Figure 21: Transferring the Data from Total Station ............................................................... 28
Figure 22: Profile Section procedure ....................................................................................... 29
Figure 23: Profile Section procedure ....................................................................................... 29
Figure 24: Profile Section procedure ....................................................................................... 30
Figure 25: Profile Section procedure ....................................................................................... 30
Figure 26: Detail Plan .............................................................................................................. 31
Figure 27: Longitudinal Section Plan ...................................................................................... 31
Figure 28: Cross Section Plan .................................................................................................. 31
Figure 29: Differential Field Test ............................................................................................ 32
Figure 30: Image of TBM ........................................................................................................ 33

v
 List of Table

Table 1: Project Detail ............................................................................................................... 1

Table 2: Equipment .................................................................................................................. 13
Table 3: Standard Bench Mark Data ........................................................................................ 19
Table 4: TBM Value ................................................................................................................ 33

vi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter will inform all about the company profile and the selected project.

1.1 Executive Summary

1.1.1 Project Detail

Table 1: Project Detail

Project Name Ukuran Butiran dan Aras Laras Bagi Tujuan Kerja – Kerja
Menaik Taraf Jalan di Dalam University Teknologi Mara
Kampus Perlis.
Survey Scope Engineering Survey
Location Lot 20131, Universiti Teknologi MARA kampus Perlis, 02600
Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan.
Surveyor KS4U
Client Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

1.1.2 Survey Area

Figure 1.1: Universiti Teknologi Mara

1
1.1.3 Aims and Objective

To carry out engineering survey works for the purpose to upgrade existing road and
produced detail plan and profile section plan.

1.1.4 Scope of Work

i. To carry out Route Survey.

ii. To carry out the measurements on site to determine the position of the building,
alignment, drainage and road, as well as the reduced level of existing feature.
iii. To Set-up an alignment on site in order to do profile section survey for the purpose to
upgrade existing road.

2
1.1.5 Quotation

Quotation is the payment made by owner /government to appointed company for their
services in consultancy and survey work. The quotation may be divided into several
payments according to the type of the job and the quotation are made based on Jadual Fee
Ukur Kejuruteraan 2001 (pindaan kepada Jadual Fee Ukur Kejuruteraan 1980) issued by
the Government Procurement Management Division, Ministry of Finance, by letter bil.
S(K&B)(8.09)735/9-24Sj.5 Jld 3(11) on 29.3.2005. For this job, the payment was made
between KS4U Consultant and Universiti Teknologi MARA with direct appointment.

3
 KS4U CONSULTANT
QUOTATION
Quotation bagi Kerja Ukur “Butiran dan Aras Laras”
Bagi Tujuan Menaik taraf jalan di Tapak Kampus
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Di Atas Sebahagian Lot 20131 Mukim Arau,
Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan

Bil. Matters Unit References Quantity Rate Total

(RM) (RM)
1. Preparation Work Party Day Part 1, 1.2 1 743.00 743.00
2. Mobilization & Party Day Part 1, 1.3 1 743.00 743.00
demobilization
3. Planimetric Control & Meter Part 1, 1.5.1 500 2.00 1,000.00
Connection
4. Height Control & Km Part 1, 1.6 3 464.38 1,393.14
Connection
5. Monumenting of TBM Meter Part 1, 1.7.2 2 185.75 371.50
6. Route Survey and
Detailing of As Built
Road, Building Hectares Part 2, 2.10 3 743.00 2,229.00
Structure and
Infrastructures
7. Supply Of Plan &
Document (20 copies of
endorsed survey plan + Part 1, 1.14 inclusive
2 copy of digital data in
dwg format)
Small Value 6,479.64
6% Government Tax 388.78
TOTAL 6,868.42
Note:

* This quotation is based on Jadual Fee Ukur Kejuruteraan 2001 (pindaan kepada Jadual Fee
Ukur Kejuruteraan 1980) issued by the Government Procurement Management Division, Ministry
of Finance, by letter bil. S(K&B)(8.09)735/9-24Sj.5 Jld 3(11) on 29.3.2005

4
 CHAPTER 2

THEORY

This chapter will discuss all about theory that related to this project or widely use in survey.

2.1 Defination

Engineering survey is any survey work carried out that relates to development and planning
of particular land and its surrounding. The works involves initial, present and after
completion of certain Development. End user includes Engineers, Architects, Town Planner,
Contractors and even Government Authority who is responsible for approving any
development proposal or projects. The detail of the Surveying work is either Topographical
details of the site which covering levels and shape. Apart from that, site demarcation for
construction works involves a lot of this type of Surveying.
Topographic Surveys are used to identify and map the contours of the ground and existing
features on the surface of the earth or slightly above or below the earth's surface (i.e. trees,
buildings, streets, walkways, manholes, utility poles, retaining walls, etc.). If the purpose of
the survey is to serve as a base map for the design of a residence or building of some type, or
design a road or driveway, it may be necessary to show perimeter boundary lines and the
lines of easements on or crossing the property being surveyed, in order for a designer to
accurately show zoning and other agency required setbacks.
Topographic Surveys require "bench marks" to which ground contours are related,
information regarding surface and underground utilities, determination of required setbacks.
Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations required for design and construction of
engineering works such as highways, pipelines, canals, or railroads. At Caltrans a route
surveying system is generally associated with highway design and construction.

5
2.2 Type of control

2.2.1 Horizontal Control

a. Datum

Datum is a reference system or an approximation of the Earth's surface against which

positional measurements are made for computing locations. Horizontal datum is used for
describing a point on the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate
system. Vertical datum is used as a reference point for elevations of surfaces and features on
the Earth including terrain, bathymetry, water levels, and man-made structures. Vertical
datum is either: tidal, based on sea levels; gravimetric, based on a geoid; or geodetic, based
on the same ellipsoid models of the Earth used for computing horizontal datum. The
horizontal datum could determine be by:

i. Three boundary marks that two of them are adjacent and proven to be in position.
ii. Two boundary mark that is adjacent to each other and prove of bearing with solar
observation.
iii. Two boundary mark that are proven to be in position.
iv. Datum also could be determined by Global Positioning System (GPS static
observation).

6
b. Traverse

One of the techniques used to determine the positions. All of these methods involve the
measurement of angles and distances which are used to calculate the coordinates for
every station. Two dimensional coordinates which are x and y could be performed based
on the data. A traverse is a means of providing horizontal control in which the rectangular
coordinates of a series of control points located around a site are determined from a
combination of angle and distance measurements. Control points in traversing are often
called traverse stations. Solar observation is needed for every 25 stations maximum to
maintain the accuracy of traverse and to reduce the error. Closed traverse is started and
ended at any known point whether at the same point which where it is started (polygon)
or ended at another known point. The closed traverse is one in which complete cycle is
made and consequently the work can be checked and adjusted. These types of survey may
employ to locate the perimeter of any moderately large survey. An open traverse is one
which does not close on the point of the beginning.

Figure 2: Link Traverse

Figure 3: Loop Traverse

7
2.2.2 Vertical Control

a. Leveling

Leveling Survey is about transferring known height (Datum) to other points on the earth
surface. These datum are referring to the mean sea level observation. Mean sea level (MSL)
is a tidal datum based on observation at Port Kelang and few other observation stations.
Survey Department has established Bench Marks which usually situated along Main roads all
over Peninsular Malaysia. Surveyors shall adopt nearest Bench Mark available as Datum for
leveling of any Engineering Works as these levels are recognized by all professional and
Local Authority mainly for designing or construction for any Engineering projects.

Figure 4: Levelling Concept

A common criterion used to access the misclosure (E) = ± m√K, where m is a constant in mm
and K is a distance leveled in km.

8
b. Tacheometry

Tacheometry is an indirect method of distance measurement to get the horizontal and

vertical distance. Thus, the positions (coordinates) and vertical (reduced level), of points
on the earth surface relatively to one another are determined simultaneously without using
a chain or tape or a separate leveling instrument. Tacheometry surveys are usually
performed to measure the three dimensional locations of points on the landscape so as to
produce contour and details plans for further work, or to produce coordinates for area and
volume calculations. Observations are usually performed from known survey stations,
often established by traversing. Applications of tacheometry are usually for measuring
detailed points and earth surface to produce topographic/detailed map and also for Setting
Out.

c. Trigonometric heighting

Trigonometric heighting is the basis of all height measurement with a total station. It
gives heights of sufficient accuracy for most detail. It is important that the reflector
sighted accurately and that vertical angles are measured carefully, especially for traverses,
resections and other control surveys. The height of each station will be transfer by the
calculation of the trigonometrical height from the observation data. The observation data
that should know is reduced level station, horizontal distance, vertical distance, vertical
angle, height of instrument and height of target.

Figure 5: Trigonometric Heighting

9
 Using certain formula to transfer height using tacheometry method and the formula
are:

ΔH = D sin (90o- ө)
RLb = RLa-Hi ±ΔH – Ht
Where;

i. ΔH = Different in Height
ii. D = Slope Distance
iii. RLb = Reduced Level of Point b
iv. RLa = Reduced Level of Point a
v. Hi = Instrument Height
vi. Ht = Target Height

10
2.2.3 Engineering Works

a. Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance or site visit is to get the general view of the site. It can be done by
inspecting the nearest available control point such as boundary mark, Benchmark, TBM
and others for the purpose of suitable datum prior commencement of survey. The
reconnaissance is important in survey work. It is the best method of survey to use in term
of accuracy, economy, man power to be used, details to be surveyed, and preparation of
site plan.

b. Detail survey

A Detail Survey is about defining the location and heights of any number of varieties of
features on the property in question. A contour plan along with the physical features
located, are shown on a plan. This plan can be viewed electronically or on a large format
plot. This type of survey is regularly used when designing for roads, buildings, extensions
and other new infrastructure. Details surveying prepared involves considering the purpose
of the survey, its accuracy requirements and its end product and choosing suitable
equipment, techniques and drawing media that will ensure that the specifications are
achieved. Data that is collected in details survey are produced in three dimensional (x, y,
and z).

11
c. Route Survey

A route survey supplies the data necessary to determine alignment, grading, and earthwork
quantities for the design and construction of various engineering projects such as roads,
railroads, pipelines, and utilities. Route surveying is required to establish alignment for
transportation facilities. Surveys of some type are required for practically all phases of route
alignment planning, design and construction works. The initial design of the route is
generally based on a series of connected straight lines. In the final design, a curve is provided
at the intersection of the straight lines to effect a gradual change in the direction and/or
gradient. Thus, in order to plan and perform the route surveys, the survey engineer needs to
be familiar with the geometry of curves and how they are used in the route alignment
procedure. The design and construction of curves is an important aspect of route surveying of
roads, railways and canals.

i. Alignment

The route of a road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves, as

defined by planners and surveyors.

ii. Profile Section

The process of determining the elevations of a series of points at measured

intervals along a line such as the centreline of a proposed ditch or road or the
centreline of a natural feature such as a stream bed.

iii. Cross Section

Cross sections are lines of levels or short profiles made perpendicular to the
centreline of the project.

12
 CHAPTER 3

EQUIPMENTS AND ANALYSIS

This chapter will provide some information about the equipment and has been used and it
analysis.

3.1 Equipment

Table 2: Equipment

Instrument Name Descriptions

* Measuring angular and linear

simultaneously with relative ease
Total Station (Topcon
and high degree of precision
– ES 105)
* Storing data in memory up to
10,000 points

* Use as reflector which will

reflect the E.D.M beam to
Prism
calculate the distance, this prism
is used mainly in establishing the
traverse.

* Importantly required in any

survey work to set up total
Tripod
station and prism.

13
Instrument Name Descriptions

* Same function as prism/

reflector but for this case it is
Pole and mini prism
easy to carry and can be
assembled without the tripod.
Used to collect data about details
in tacheometry.

* Use to plant picket or nails.

Hammer

* To mark station points, TBM

or boundary.
Nails

* It is used in surveying and

building to transfer, measure, or
AutoLevel
set horizontal levels.

* A level staff, is a graduated

wooden or aluminium rod, the

Staff use of which permits the

determination of differences in
elevation.

14
Instrument Name Descriptions

* To make sure the levelling

staff is vertically at each point.
Bubble Staff
* To make the staff correctly
level and give more accurate.

* To mark station traverse,

chainage and TBM.
Red Spray

* To highlight boundary or TBM

position
* Normally placed at the top of
Hazard Tape
wooden pole beside the
boundary.

15
3.2 Analysis Equipment

Planning right and suitable equipment is very important in any survey work. Without survey
equipment, any survey work cannot be done. As shown in the previous figure, the respective
instrument and tools has its own function, specification and accuracy. The important
instrument for this survey is total station and auto level. The type of total station that we use
in this project is Topcon ES-150. Very well maintained service and calibrated periodically.
The specification says: Topcon ES-105 is Reflectorless Total Station with TSshield™
Technology, Fast and Powerful EDM, LongLink™ Communications, Super Long Battery
Life 36 hours, Advanced Angle Accuracy, Rugged and Waterproof. Topcon’s new ES Series
Total Stations with new advanced design with Superior technology. The new ES Series was
designed from the ground up to deliver the very latest technology advantages, all in a small,
sleek design. Featuring a class leading EDM unit, the ES is able to measure up to 4,000m to
standard prisms, and can measure in reflectorless mode up to 500m at incredible 3mm +
2ppm accuracy. Measurements are carried out faster than ever, and at 15mm (over 30m), the
bright red laser dot pinpoints features with ease.

The other important instrument is auto level. The type of automatic level that we use is
Topcon AT-F3. I never have problem during use this instrument because I always use this
instrument during field task in university. The specification of Topcon AT-F3 is it can
achieve 30 times magnification, minimum focus is 0.5m and it accuracy over 1 km double
run leveling is +/- 1.5mm. the features of this instrument is tough design with “impact zone”,
gas filled water proof telescope, stable automatic leveling and comes with carry case.

16
 CHAPTER 4

PROCEDURE OF WORK

This chapter will explain the whole process of this project from the beginning until the end.

4.1 Planning

CRM Data

Preparation SBM data

Location of Survey Work

Traversing

Levelling

Field Work
Alignment Set-up

Detailing

Processing

Finishing Scaling

Plotting

Figure 6: Flow of Work

17
4.2 Preparation

Preliminary compilation of data is as important as field work. Prior starting of field work, all
information with regard to sites must not be left out such as location of the Survey Work,
available bench mark or standard bench mark and its value, available CRM and its value and
etc. Initially, the lecturer supplies a key plan of the survey area.

Figure 7: Survey Area

Available nearest CRM data need to be prepare before start survey works to easier the
surveyor to find CRM to make control of x and y to start traversing and set-up alignment.

Figure 8: Available CRM Location

18
As the task of the job is to conduct Route Survey, Bench Mark information is an important
criterion to get the height for every station in order to proceed with long and cross section.

Benchmark

Figure 9: Standard Bench Mark

Table 3: Standard Bench Mark Data

Station number -
District Arau
Location Universiti Teknologi Mara
Reduce level 34.189 m
Description Next to staff parking area banggunan Hal Ehwal Pelajar,
University Teknologi Mara, Arau Perlis.
State Perlis Indera Kayangan
Mukim Arau
Town Arau
Route -
Part -

19
4.3 Field Work

4.3.1 Differential Field Test (DFT)

Starting of the day, the surveyor is required to conduct differential field test. The procedure is
to ensure equipment’s are in order.

Figure 10: Differential Field Test

Procedure of Differential Field Test:-

i. Make a point A and B on one line.

ii. Setting up instrument (total station) at point A and Prism at point B, and measured
distance A to B and booking the result.
iii. Mark point C between line A and B.
iv. Move the instrument at point C and put the prism at point A and B, and measured
distance CA and CB.
v. Calculate the different of the readings.

20
4.3.2 Horizontal Control

Figure 11: Traverse Image

Horizontal traversing begins with Assume bearing start from CRM and end with two
different CRM and proven good angular bearing are still in tolerance and prove that 3 CRM
are in order. Procedure of traverse:-

i. By referring to the diagram, set at station 2(CRM) and 1 (pkt) as datum and then save
the data in instrument.
ii. Then, observe station 3 (pkt) as forward bearing using face left and save the data.
Repeat the same step by using face right by reversing for the back bearing.
iii. Next step is to move the equipment to station 3 and set the value back bearing of the
station 2 then observe to station 4. Repeat the same step for the face right.
iv. For alignment, the interval between chainage is 20 meter and perpendicular to existing
Road.
v. The traversing is carried out in the manner of clockwise direction.

21
4.3.3 Detailing and Profile Section

The detailing survey (topographical details) are observes within traversing area and the
topographic feature detail was taken that covers the survey area. The detailing process is by
observing Poles with mini prism attached. All points of detail are coded with special code
which is standard code approve by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR). The height instrument and
poles are measured and are recorded in the equipment as well in the field book for height
transfer. Survey the detail must be taken until 20 meter for every side of Alignment. For
Profile section the details need to take 90 degree from every alignment in order to produce
Crossection and longsection plan.

22
4.3.4 Vertical Control

BS FS

I1

SBM

Figure 12: Levelling Procedure

Levelling start from SBM with Value 34.189 meter to TBM near Pusat Islam and close back
at SBM to check accuracy of levelling. Procedure of levelling:

i. Set up the level between back sight (BS) and foresight (FS) at some convenient position
(center of line).
ii. Starts leveling from SBM. This starting point would be the first BS.
iii. The final sight from this instrument is set up at C and is called the foresight (FS).
iv. Move the level to the new position and repeat the process. The final staff position must
be at SBM. All leveling fieldwork must start and finish at a bench mark to detect errors
in the levelling.

23
4.4 Data Processing

4.4.1 Data Transfer

Open CDS and then create new file.

Figure 13: Transferring the Data from Total Station

Rename job, click new job and then open file.

Figure 14: Transferring the Data from Total Station

24
Click “entry”, Data Collector then Import Raw Data.

Figure 15: Transferring the Data from Total Station

Choose Type of Total Station and then browse your RAW file and then okay. Stadia
will automatically open in your CDS.

Figure 16: Transferring the Data from Total Station

25
Edit your Stadia data based on your traverse booking and edit your detail data if
necessary. Then add coordinate of your Station at line 1 and 2.

Figure 17: Transferring the Data from Total Station

Go to “OPTION” then click at show coordinate and calculate coordinate. Go to

“OPTION” Store data in data based and then minimize stadia window.

Figure 18: Transferring the Data from Total Station

26
If detail not display, type “Z” and “E” as short form for zoom extend to preview your
detail data.

Figure 19: Transferring the Data from Total Station

Click at “FILE” and then click at plot parameter, reset all your point at point
parameter and then click ok.

Figure 20: Transferring the Data from Total Station

27
Go to “FILE” again and choose export to DWG plan profile section.

Figure 21: Transferring the Data from Total Station

28
4.4.2 Profile Section

Click at plot cross and long section.

Figure 22: Profile Section procedure

Click at profile and section selection and then click use road number. And then
choose and edit your data based on your requirement at profile pit and cross pit.

Figure 23: Profile Section procedure

29
Click at “ROAD” and choose at display and plotting then click to display your profile
section and cross section.

Figure 24: Profile Section procedure

The CDS will automatically show your profile section/cross section. And then export
your profile and cross section to DWG.

Figure 25: Profile Section procedure

30
4.4.3 Editing

Finalize your editing using AutoCAD software.

Figure 26: Detail Plan

Figure 27: Longitudinal Section Plan

Figure 28: Cross Section Plan

31
 CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

This chapter will discuss about all the result and analysis from the project.

5.1 Differential Field Test

25.924 24.182

50.105
Figure 29: Differential Field Test

AB = CA + CB

AB – (CA + CB) = not exceed ±10mm

AB – (AC + CB)
50.105 - (24.182 + 25.924) = 0.00

The DFT measurement is acceptable.

32
5.2 Vertical Control

Table 4: TBM Value

TEMPORARY BENCH MARK VALUE (m)
SBM 34.189
1 22.665
2 23.464

Figure 30: Image of TBM

5.3 Detailing

*Detailing data refer to appendix.

5.4 Final Product

*Final Product refers to appendix.

33
5.4 Analysis

Process of initial job, preliminary preparation fieldworks, data processing, editing of drawing,
printing and submission of drawings to the client are directly under our attention with full
cooperation each group members.
On field, data collections are as follows:

i. The purpose of the Survey is to Plan for upgrade existing main road in Universiti
Teknologi MARA. Hence, Profile and detail survey of the area is an important feature
to be surveyed.
ii. Invert levels of drainage system, sewerage lines and existing road levels are important
information for design purposes.

Nearest Standard Bench Mark is approximately 500 m away, proper transferring of height by
auto level must be done with care.

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 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

This chapter will discuss about the Conclusion from the project.

6.1 Comment

6.1.1 Muhammad Afiq Ikhwan bin Hamidi

Among many fine individuals who helped make this project possible, I would like to express
my gratitude to the patience of my lecturer, Sir Zaki. I would also like to thank all of my
teammate who was willing to be a dedicated partner and pioneer. New things that I have
learned in this practical task:

i- Computers & Software’s - Data processing and plotting uses modern and updated
computer & software’s. Again, it involves high investment to upkeep the market
needs.
ii- Personal Skill - Without Skill and experience, product of field Survey may not
satisfy the need and requirement.
iii- Survey Works - I can understand how to carry out the route Survey and produced it
final product.

The achievement of the project objective that have we made are make a traversing along the
site, levelling to transfer the height and detailing, cross section and longitudinal section.
General Comment to all members in the group was fine and good. They was supported each
other in the practical task. They also have a good commitment to attend the practical task and
learned the new concept. I will give them 10 out of 10 for all the commitment and attendance.
The improvement that need to make the practical task more quality in the future are we must
clear to the traverse, levelling and tacheometry method during the practical so that the error
can be prevent.

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6.1.2 Mohammad Khairul bin Hasbol

First of all, I would like to thanks my lecturer, Sir Zaki, that he had given a lot of help by
finishing this practical work. He taught us on how to conduct this project which is about on
how to carry out Route survey and also taught us in record all the data that was needed for
fulfil this project. All in all, with his efforts that never know of tired teaching us and keep
trying explained something clearly to me and also my colleague until we understand and this
make us appreciate to her.
Firstly, the things that I have learned from this practical are how to conduct the total station in
correct ways. Other than that, during this practical I found that there are several ways to do
the levelling. It is not really complicated job but a little bit hard in completing this project
because it is depends a lot on how the day’s weather during finishing this project .
Furthermore, all of the group member give full commitment when practical is carried out. I
said this because all of the members do their job and follow the procedure that are need on
this task given and never whine about the works. Other things such as, in practical works are
done greatly nice and the teamwork of the team is excellent. They just need to improve how
to make the practical task and report better by the job given respectively.

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6.1.3 Nada Syifaa Inani Binti Rosli

First of all, the new things that I have learned in this practical are I know how to carry out the
traverse, chainage, details survey, leveling, long section and cross section. Then I had learn
how to booking and calculate traverse. I also have a chance to observe for detailing. We
learned how to do route survey in real surveying works. Besides, we used the CDS and
AutoCAD software to process the raw data. Lastly, our group has given full commitment to
accomplish this practical task. Below we have prepared the rating of the commitment,
leadership and attendance of our group members. We have completely finished this practical
work with the guidance from our lecturer, Sr. Zaki Bin Ahmad Dahlan.

6.1.4 Nor Atikah Binti Jula Rahman

First of all, I would like praise to Allah because we have completed our route surveying for
this semester which is consist of traverse, cross section, longitudinal section, leveling,
chainage and detailing. I also have improved my knowledge in conducting this field survey
and have learned how to carry out survey work like carry out real job as surveyor.
Big thanks to our lecturer Sir Zaki Bin Ahmad Dahlan for his guide and share his knowledge
to us. Not to forgotten to all my group members who are always work hard together to
complete this job and facing the obstacles together and finally complete this survey work. So,
in this practical survey, I have learnt more types of this work.

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6.1.5 Nur Syahirah Binti Mohamad Sallehuddin

Alhamdullilah, we have completely finished our report for this semester which is we are
carried out route survey. In this project, I have learned a lot of knowledge and I gained some
experience that I know that I cannot get anywhere and was expose to real work field survey.
I would like to thank to our lecturer Sir Zaki Bin Ahmad Dahlan because taught us and guide
us in order to make sure our survey can be done completely and always checking to our field
survey until it complete. Besides that, thanks to my group member for your commitment in
this project.
In this project, I have learnt how to chainage, traverse, detail, longitudinal section, leveling,
detailing and cross section. In order to reduce time, cost, and also error, we have to plan well.
Other than that, I have learnt how to process the data.

6.1.6 Najihah Binti Azhar

A route survey supplies the data necessary to determine alignment, grading, and earthwork
quantities for the design and construction of various engineering projects such as roads,
railroads, pipelines, and utilities.
Moreover, we got more knowledge about the route survey in engineering surveying. We
learned how to do route survey in real surveying works. Praise to Allah because this practical
was opened my eyes to see the real survey work. Before this, I just learnt about theory in the
class. But in this practical we need to apply all the knowledge about the theory to the real
situation.
In this practical know how to booking and calculate traverse properly. Besides that, our task
in this survey is traverse, detailing, chainage, leveling, cross section and long section. Even
though we were facing problems while doing this job, but with guideline by Sir Zaki Bin
Ahmad Dahlan and the cooperation by my team members, we managed to solve it.

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6.2 Conclusion

Based on the practical survey, we can conclude that Route Surveying is one of the major
components in the Engineering Surveying. To do this job it involved a good planning and co-
operation with all of member’s in group. Generally, the steps that are involved during the
practical are traversing, levelling, detailing, chainage, cross-section and long-section and
processing the data using Civil Design and Survey programmer (CDS) to produce a plan.
Route Surveying is conduct for the planning, design, and construction of any route of
transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of person, materials, and movement
of the messages.

We are required to upgrading a road. Traversing has done to get the horizontal control(x, y)
and parallel along existing route. We have learned how to pick up all details by cross- section
and long- section while traversing. The detail is very important for engineer to get precise
value of ground height and detail position for the development planning. Typical details have
collected such as trees, existing roads, drainage, and lamp post and so on. Then, all the details
will be recorded in Total Station which will be transfer to CDS software in computer. After
we have done all our field survey, we are transfer all data that we have key in total station to
CDS software in computer. All data will be managed in the software and the result will be
display as a profile cross section and long section. Then we are process data and then export
it to the auto cad to produce our route survey plan. This also take time to finish because of
there are lot data to process. After all the data been process we produce the plan such as
drawing plan, longitudinal and cross sectional plan.

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6.3 Refference

Hj. Mohammad Ghazali bin Abu, 55 years, MHS Survey Consultan, EB-4, Ground Floor,
Regency Condominium, Jalan Pelangi, 41300 Klang, Selangor.

UiTM. (2015). route surveying.

RAP2204b. (2017, may). Route Survey. (S. Zaki, Interviewer)

http://jupem2u.jupr.gov.my/

https://www.jupem.gov.my/ebiz/default.aspx

http://maps.google.com

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 CHAPTER 7

APPENDICES

APPENDICES

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