TS8997 Training

R&S®TS8997
Regulatory Test System for Wireless Devices
Wang Daichao
System Engineering
C O M PAN Y C O N F I D E N T I AL
Agenda
ı System Overview
ı ETSI EN 300 328 V2.1.1
ı ETSI EN 301 893 V2.1.1
ı FCC § 15.247
ı FCC § 15.407
ı System Calibration
ı Test Cases
2
System Overview (Software Options)
ı WMS32 RF test suite
ı R&S®WMS32-K02 and SWS 300328 software option for EN300328 v2.1.1
ı R&S®WMS32-K05 and SWS 301893 software option for EN301893 v2.1.1
ı R&S®EMC32-K2 software option for CMW
ı R&S®WMS32-A2W transition code from API Macro to WMS32
3
System Overview (Hardware setup)
FSV30/40 OSP & SMBV 100 SMB 100 CMW270

• signal and spectrum OSP-B157W8/X • vector signal generator • RF and microwave • Wireless Connectivity
analyzer for all as a wideband signal generator as a tester for receiver
frequency-selective • Power measurements. interferer for adaptivity simultaneous blocking (PER test) as
measurements and radar interferer for narrowband blocking a generic companion
• Antenna and test path DFS. signal for adaptivity and device.
switching, combining of for test path calibration
RF signals
• OSP-B157WX provides
40Ghz RF path
Switching and
measurement up to
40Ghz.
4
5
Block Diagram of TS8997
Generator
SMB100A OSP-B157W
Vector Gen Switching &
OSP-B157WX
SMBV100A Conditioning DUT1
Unit DUT2
Companion Device DUT3
e.g. CMW270
DUT4
Internal 10 port :
power detector :
Video to A/D & A/D converter :
& signal processor DUT
DUT8
Spectrum Analyzer
RX
FSV 40
(Optional)
TZ-1S-KA-180501-00.00-TS8997-BasOp CMW270 with TS8997 6
WMS cabling
7
WMS cabling
Trigger Cable Connection
ı Cable 1 (OSP – Video In) to (FSV – Video Out)
ı Cable 2 (FSV Ext Tri/Gate In) to (SMBV Marker 1)
ı Cable 3 (FSV Ext Tri/Gate In) to (OSP – Test)
Lan Cable
ı (Computer, SMB, SMBV, OSP and FSV)
Connect to Lan Switch
8
System Overview (Specifications)
9
ETSI EN 300 328 V2.1.1
ı RF output power
ı Power Spectral Density
ı Duty Cycle, Tx-sequence, Tx-gap
ı Dwell time, Minimum Frequency Occupation and Hopping Sequence
ı Hopping Frequency Separation
ı Medium Utilisation (MU) factor
ı Adaptivity (Adaptive Frequency Hopping)
ı Receiver Blocking
ı Occupied Channel Bandwidth
ı Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain
ı Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain
ı Receiver spurious emissions
10
Power Measurement Test Case
ı RF output power
ı Power Spectral Density
ı Duty Cycle, Tx – Sequence , Tx - Gap
ı Medium Utilisation (MU) factor
11
RF Output Power
RF output power, PRF = Pburst + G + Y

Where G: Antenna assembly gain (dBi)
Y: Beamforming gain (dB)
Limits
Maximum RF output power (mean e.i.r.p)
Adaptive FHSS/Non FHSS: ≤ 20dBm
Non-adaptive equipment: Declared by
supplier but must be ≤ 20dBm
12
Duty cycle, Tx-sequence, Tx-gap
ı Applicability
 Only for non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment or adaptive frequency hopping equipment operating in non-
adaptive mode. Applicable for both FHSS/Non-FHSS equipment
 Not applicable for equipment with RF output power ≤ 10dBm
 NO exception for medical devices
ı Limit
 Duty Cycle ≤ Maximum value declared by supplier
 Max Tx-Sequence = 5ms, Min Tx-gap = 5ms (non adaptive FHSS)
 Max Tx-Sequence = 10ms, Min Tx-gap = 3.5ms (non adaptive, non FHSS)
13
ı Observation period for calculating duty cycle

Average dwell time multiplied by 100
or
average dwell time x 2 x N
whichever is greater.
σ𝑛
ı Duty Cycle=𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑=σ𝑛
𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑇𝑥 𝑂𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛=1 𝑇𝑥𝑜𝑛 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑇𝑥𝑜𝑛 𝑛 +𝑇𝑥𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑛
14
ı Tx Sequence = All Tx on and off time between 2 Tx gaps.

ı Max Tx Sequence time=5ms(FHSS) / 10ms(non FHSS)
ı Min Tx Gap time= 5ms(FHSS) / 3.5ms(non FHSS)
15
Medium Utilisation (MU) Factor
ı Applicability
 Only for non-adaptive equipment or adaptive operating in non-adaptive mode.
• Shall be applicable for both FHSS/Non-FHSS equipment
 Not applicable for mean EIRP ≤ 10dBm
ı Definition
 MU factor is a measure to quantify the amt. of resources (Power and Time) used by non-adaptive equipment.
 MU = (PRF / 100) (mW) x Duty Cycle (%)
ı Limit
 Max. MU factor = 10%
16
Power Spectral Density
Limits
The maximum Power Spectral
Density is limited to 10 dBm
per MHz.
Smart antenna systems using multiple antennas repeat

measurement for each of the transmit ports.
17
Frequency Measurement Test Case
ı Accumulated Transmit Time, Minimum Frequency Occupation & Hopping Sequence
ı Hopping Frequency Separation
18
Accumulated Transmit Time, Frequency Occupation & Hopping
Sequence
ı Applicability
 Shall be applicable to all types of Frequency Hopping equipment
ı Definition
 Accumulated Transmit Time is the total of the transmitter ‘on’ times, during an observation period , on a particular
frequency
 Frequency Occupation is the number of times that each hopping frequency is occupied with a given period.
 Hopping Sequence of a Freq. Hopping System is the unrepeated pattern of the hopping frequency used by the
equipment.
19
Sequence
•Accumulated Transmit Time

shall be not greater than
•15ms within a period of 15ms
x Minimum N (Hopping
frequencies) used for non
Adaptive equipment
• 400ms within a period of
400ms x Minimum N used for
adaptive equipment
20
Sequence
•Frequency Occupation time:
• Each hopping frequency of the
hopping sequence shall be
occupied at least once within a
period not exceeding four times the
product of the dwell time and the
number of hopping frequencies in
use.
or
• The occupation probability for each
frequency shall be between ((1 / U) ×
25 %) and 77 % where U is the
number of hopping frequencies in use.
21
Sequence
ı Limits
Hopping Sequence shall contain
at least N hopping frequencies
 where N is 5 (or 15 divided by
the minimum Hopping
Frequency Separation in MHz,
whichever is greater for non
adaptive equipment.
 where N is 15 or 15 divided by
the minimum Hopping
Frequency Separation in MHz,
whichever is greater for adaptive
equipment
22
Hopping Frequency Separation
ı Applicability
 Shall be applicable to all types of Frequency Hopping equipment
ı Definition
 Frequency separation between 2 adjacent hopping frequencies.
ı Limit
 Non-adaptive freq.
• Min. Hopping Separation = Occupied CH BW of a single hop with min. separation of 100kHz.
 Adaptive freq.
• Min. Hopping Separation = 100kHz.
23
Hopping Frequency Separation
ı Test Method (Option 1)
-20 dBr reference point
F1L; F1H; F2L and F2H.
ı Test Method (Option 2)
 marker-delta
*NOTE: Depending on the nature of the signal (modulation), it might be required to use a much longer sweep time
24
Occupied Channel Bandwidth
Limits for FHSS

Occupied Channel Bandwidth(OCB) for
each frequency shall fall completely within
the bands
For non-adaptive equipment with e.i.r.p
greater than 10dBm, the OCB for every
occupied hopping frequency shall be ≤
Nominal Channel Bandwidth declared by
supplier which shall not be greater than
5MHz
25
Occupied Channel Bandwidth
Limits for Non-FHSS

OCB shall fall completely within the
band
For non-adaptive equipment with e.i.r.p
greater than 10dBm, the OCB shall be
less than 20MHz
26
Co-existence Test Case
ı Adaptivity
27
Adaptivity
ı Applicability
• This requirement does not apply to non-adaptive equipment or adaptive equipment operating in a non-
adaptive mode
• Does not apply for equipment with a maximum declared RF Output power level of less than 10dBm
e.i.r.p
• Adaptive systems are allowed to switch dynamically between different adaptive modes.
• Shall be applicable for both FHSS/Non-FHSS equipment
28
Adaptivity (Overview)
FHSS Non-FHSS
LBT Non-LBT LBT Non-LBT
Frame Load
Based Based
29
Adaptivity (Overview)
30
LBT based FHSS Requirements
ı CCA Observation Time shall be not less than 0.2% the channel occupancy time with a minimum of
18μs
ı Channel Occupancy Time for a given hopping frequency, which starts immediately after a successful
CCA, shall be less than 60ms followed by an Idle Period of minimum 5 % of the Channel Occupancy
Time with a minimum of 100μs
ı Extended CCA: Random duration between value defined for CCA observation time to 5% of Channel
Occupancy Time
31
Non-LBT based FHSS Requirements
ı If channel is used by another signal, the channel shall remain unavailable for a minimum time equal to
1 second or 5 times the actual number of hopping frequencies multiplied with the Channel Occupancy
Time whichever is the longest
ı Channel Occupancy Time for a given hopping frequency shall be less than 40ms. For equipment
using a dwell time > 40ms that want to have other transmissions during the same hop (dwell time) an
Idle Period (no transmissions) of minimum 5 % of the Channel Occupancy Period with a minimum of
100μs shall be implemented
32
LBT based Non-FHSS Requirements
ı Frame Based Equipment
 CCA Observation Time which shall be not less than 18μs
 Channel Occupancy Time shall be in the range 1ms to 10ms followed by an Idle Period of at least
5% of the Channel Occupancy Time used in the equipment for the current Fixed Frame Period
 The equipment is allowed to switch to a non-adaptive mode and to continue transmissions on this
channel providing it complies with the requirements
 For the purpose of multi-cast, the ACK transmissions (associated with the same data packet) of the
individual devices are allowed to take place in a sequence
33
LBT based Non-FHSS Requirements
ı Load Based Equipment
 CCA Observation Time which shall be not less than 18μs
 Extended CCA is observed for a random duration in the range between 18μs and at least 160μs
 Channel Occupancy Time shall be less than 13ms, after which the device shall perform a new CCA
 For the purpose of multi-cast, the ACK transmissions (associated with the same data packet) of the
individual devices are allowed to take place in a sequence.
34
Non-LBT based Non-FHSS Requirements
ı Channel will be unavailable if signal presence is above the detection threshold, the channel shall
remain unavailable for a minimum time equal to 1s
ı Channel Occupancy Time shall be less than 40ms. Each such transmission sequence shall be
followed with an Idle Period (no transmissions) of minimum 5 % of the Channel Occupancy Time with
a minimum of 100μs
35
Detection Threshold Level
ı Detection Threshold Level (TL) shall be proportion to the transmit power of the transmitter. (Applies to
all adaptivity requirements, LBT/Non-LBT based FHSS/Non-FHSS)
 For 20dBm e.i.r.p. TL shall be equal or less than -70dBm/MHz at the input to the receiver.
 For power levels below 20dBm e.i.r.p. TL may be related to:

TL = -70dBm / MHz + 10 X 10 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 ( 100mW/Pout)
36
Short Control Signaling Transmissions
ı Limits for Non-FHSS
 Short Control Signaling Transmissions of adaptive equipment using wide band modulations other than
FHSS shall have a maximum duty cycle of 10% within an observation period of 50ms.
ı Limits for FHSS

 Short Control Signaling Transmissions shall have a maximum duty cycle of 10% within an observation
period of 50ms or within an observation period equal to the dwell time, whichever is the shorter.
37
Unwanted Signal
ı Applicability
 Does not apply to non-adaptive equipment and equipment operating in non-adaptive mode.
 Shall be applicable for both FHSS/Non-FHSS equipment
 Does not apply to equipment with maximum declared RF Output power level of less than 10dBm e.i.r.p or for
equipment operating in a mode where the RF Output power is less than 10dBm e.i.r.p
ı Definition
 To test the capability of the adaptivity mechanism to operate as intended in the presence of an unwanted signal
(blocking signal) on frequencies other than those of the operating channel and the adjacent channels.
ı Limits
ı . C O M PAN Y C O N F I D E N T I AL
38
Adaptivity
39
Receiver Blocking
Adaptive equipment with a

Receiver Category 1 maximum RF output power
greater than 10 dBm e.i.r.p.
Non-adaptive equipment with a

Medium Utilization (MU) factor
greater than 1 % and less than
Receiver Category Receiver Category 2
or equal to 10 % or adaptive
equipment with a maximum RF
output power of 10 dBm e.i.r.p.
Non-adaptive equipment with a

maximum Medium Utilization
Receiver Category 3 (MU) factor of 1 % or adaptive
equipment with a maximum RF
output power of 0 dBm e.i.r.p.
40
Receiver Blocking
ı Applicability
 Applies to all 3 receiver categories
ı Definition
 Receiver blocking is a measure of the ability of the equipment to receive a wanted signal on its operating channel
without exceeding a given degradation in the presence of an unwanted signal (blocking signal) on frequencies other
than those of the operating band
Service Frequency Band
Transmit 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz
Receive 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz
ı Performance Criteria
 The minimum performance criterion should be a PER less than or equal to 10%.
 Manufacturer may declare alternative performance criteria as long as that is appropriate for the intended use.
41
Receiver Blocking
ı Limits
 Receiver Category 1
Wanted signal Blocking signal Blocking signal Type of
mean frequency power(dBm) blocking
power from (MHz) (see note 2) signal
companion
device (dBm)
Pmin + 6 dB 2 380 -53 CW
2 503,5
Pmin + 6 dB 2 300 -47 CW

2 330
2 360
Pmin + 6 dB 2 523,5 -47 CW

2 553,5
2 583,5
. 2 613,5
2 643,5
2 673,5
NOTE 1: Pmin is the minimum level of the wanted signal (in dBm) required to meet the minimum
performance criteria as defined in clause 4.3.2.11.3 in the absence of any blocking signal.
NOTE 2: The levels specified are levels in front of the UUT antenna. In case of conducted
measurements, the levels have to be corrected by the actual antenna assembly gain.
42
Receiver Blocking
ı Limits

companion
device (dBm)
Pmin + 6 dB 2 380 -57 CW
2 503,5
Pmin + 6 dB 2 300 -47 CW

2583,5
. performance criteria as defined in clause 4.3.2.11.3 in the absence of any blocking signal.
43
Receiver Blocking
ı Limits

companion
device (dBm)
Pmin + 12 dB 2 380 -57 CW
2 503,5
Pmin + 12 dB 2 300 -47 CW

2583,5
. performance criteria as defined in clause 4.3.2.11.3 in the absence of any blocking signal.
44
Receiver Blocking Flow Chart
Receiver Blocking
UUT adaptive?
No Yes
not Yes Yes

MU > 10% Category 1 > 10dBm
compliant
No No
Yes Yes
MU > 1% Category 2 > 0dBm
No No
Category 3
45
CMW as Access Point/Master
OSP-B157W OSP-B157WX
DUT1
DUT2
DUT3
Switching & DUT4
CW270
Bluetooth Master CMW270 controls RF link to DUT; forces DUT to :transmit
Conditioning
Unit :
WLAN Access Point
:
DUT8
Configure RF DUT
Parameters Switch signal paths
WMS32
CMW as Monitoring Device
Performance
Monitoring DUT1
e.g. PER DUT2
DUT3
Data & signaling packets from DUT
CW270 Switching & DUT4
Conditioning :
Bluetooth Master
WLAN Access Point Unit RF link to DUT; forces DUT to :transmit
CMW270 controls
:
DUT8
Read
PER etc. Configure RF DUT
Parameters Switch signal paths
WMS32
CMW as WLAN Station
DUT1
DUT2
DUT3
Switching & DUT4
CW270 ConditioningDUT controls RF link; :
WLAN Station Unit :
:
DUT8
Configure identical DUT

RF parameters Switch signal paths Configure
WMS32 RF
CMW270 = Radio Communication Tester for WLAN & Bluetooth
OSP-B157WX
DUT1
DUT2
DUT3
DUT4
:
:
:
DUT8
DUT shall transmit:
- Bluetooth signal generation in test mode (classic BT) or direct test mode (BT Low energy
- CMW270 is always Bluetooth master for BT classic
- WLAN signal generation by ICMP ping generated by CMW270
=> duty cycle depends on modulation coding scheme selected by DUT
=> small data packets only => limitations for some test cases
Receiver Blocking
50
Unwanted Emission Test Case
ı Transmitter Unwanted Emission in the Out-Of-Band Domain
ı Transmitter Unwanted Emission in the Spurious Domain
ı Receiver Spurious Emissions
51
Transmitter Unwanted Emission in the Out-Of-Band Domain
ı Applicability
52
Transmitter Unwanted Emission in the Spurious Domain
ı Applicability
ı Limit
• The transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain shall not exceed the values given
in table
53
Receiver Spurious Emissions
ı Applicability
ı Definition
• Receiver spurious emissions are emissions at any frequency when the equipment is in receive mode.
ı Limit
• The spurious emissions of the receiver shall not exceed the values given in the table below
54
ETSI EN 301 893 V2.1.1
ı Centre frequencies
ı Nominal Channel Bandwidth and Occupied Channel

Bandwidth
ı RF output power, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and

power density
ı Transmitter unwanted emissions
ı Receiver spurious emissions
ı Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
ı Adaptivity (Channel Access Mechanism)
55
Power Measurement Test Case
ı RF output power
ı TPC
ı Power Density
56
RF Output Power, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and Power Density
ı RF Output Power
 Mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p) during a transmission burst
ı Transmit Power Control (TPC)

• Used by the RLAN device to ensure a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on the aggregate power from a
large number of devices. This requires the RLAN device to have a TPC range from which the lowest
value is at least 6 dB below the values for mean e.i.r.p. for devices with TPC.
ı Power Density
 Mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p) density during a transmission burst
57
ı Limits for RF Output Power and Power Density at the highest power level
• TPC is not required for channels whose nominal bandwidth falls completely within the band (5150MHz to 5250MHz)
• For devices with TPC, the RF Output Power and the Power Density when configured to operate at the highest stated
power level of the TPC range shall not excess the levels given in the table below
• Devices are allowed to operate without TPC
58
ı Limits for RF Output Power at the lowest power level of the TPC range
 For devices using TPC, the RF output power during a transmission burst when configured to operate at the
lowest stated power level of the TPC range shall not exceed the levels given below. For devices without
TPC, the limits in listed in the table below do not apply.
59
ı RF output power at the highest power - PH
 Option 1: For equipment with continuous transmission capability or for equipment operating (or with the
capability to operate) with a constant duty cycle (e.g. Frame Based equipment)
PH = A + G + Y + 10 × log (1 / x) (dBm).
 Option 2: For equipment without continuous transmission capability and operating (or with the capability
to operate) in only one sub-band
P H = A + G + Y (dBm).
 Option 3: For equipment without continuous transmission capability and having simultaneous
transmissions in both sub-bands
P H = A + G + Y (dBm)
60
ı RF output power at the lowest power level of the TPC range – PL
 Option 1: For equipment with continuous transmission capability or for equipment operating (or with
the capability to operate) with a constant duty cycle (e.g. Frame Based equipment)
PL = A + G + Y + 10 × log (1 / x) (dBm).
 Option 2: For equipment without continuous transmission capability and operating (or with the
capability to operate) in only one sub-band
PL = A + G + Y (dBm).
 Option 3: For equipment without continuous transmission capability and having simultaneous
transmissions in both sub-bands
PL = A + G + Y (dBm)
61
ı Power Density (Additional Test Conditions)
 Option 1: For equipment with continuous transmission capability or for equipment operating (or with the
capability to operate) with a constant duty cycle (e.g. Frame Based equipment)
PD = D + G + Y + 10 × log (1 / x) (dBm / MHz)
 Option 2: For equipment without continuous transmission capability and without the capability to
transmit with a constant duty cycle
62
Frequency Measurement Test Case
ı Center Frequency
63
Centre Frequencies
ı Definition
• The centre frequency is the centre
of the channel declared by the
manufacturer as part of the
declared channel plan(s).
ı Limits
 The actual centre frequency for any
given channel declared by the
manufacturer shall be maintained
within the range fc ± 20 ppm.
64
Nominal Channel Bandwidth and Occupied Channel Bandwidth
ı Definition
• The Nominal Channel Bandwidth is the widest band of frequencies, inclusive of guard bands,
assigned to a single channel.
• The Occupied Channel Bandwidth is the bandwidth containing 99 % of the power of the signal.
(NOTE: A device is permitted to operate in one or more adjacent or non-adjacent channels simultaneously)
• When equipment has simultaneous transmissions in adjacent channels, these transmissions may be considered as
one signal with an actual Nominal Channel Bandwidth of "n" times the individual Nominal Channel Bandwidth where
"n“ is the number of adjacent channels. When equipment has simultaneous transmissions in non-adjacent channels,
each power envelope shall be considered separately.
65
Nominal Channel Bandwidth and Occupied Channel Bandwidth
ı Limits
• Nominal Channel
Bandwidth
at least 5 MHz
• Occupied Channel
Bandwidth
between 80 % and 100 % of
the declared Nominal Channel
Bandwidth.
66
Co-existence Test Case
ı DFS
ı Adaptivity
67
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
ı Applicable frequency range an RLAN shall employ a DFS function to:
• Radar detection is required when operating on channels whose nominal bandwidth falls partly or
completely within the frequency ranges 5 250 MHz to 5 350 MHz or 5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz
• Priority to Radar Equipment
68
ı DFS operational modes
• Within the context of the operation of the DFS function, an RLAN device shall operate as either a
master or a slave
69
DFS - The Channel Availability Check (CAC)
ı The Channel Availability Check (CAC) is defined as a mechanism by which an RLAN device checks channels for the
presence of radar signals. This mechanism is used for identifying Available Channels. There shall be no transmissions by
the device within the channels being checked during this process. If no radars have been detected on a channel, then that
channel becomes an Available Channel.
ı Radar detection at the beginning and end of CAC (load reference radar waveform), radar injected within 2sec after
beginning and end of CAC
70
DFS - Off-Channel CAC (optional)
ı Off-Channel CAC is defined as an optional mechanism by which an RLAN monitors channel(s), different
from the Operating Channel(s), for the presence of radar signals. The Off-Channel CAC may be used in
addition to the Channel Availability Check defined in clause 4.7.2.1, for identifying Available Channels.
ı Off-Channel CAC is performed by a number of non-continuous checks spread over a period in time. This
time, which is required to determine the presence of radar signals, is defined as the Off-Channel CAC
Time.
ı If no radars have been detected in a channel, then that channel becomes an Available Channel.
71
Radar Detection Threshold (during Channel Availability Check)
ı The test shall be performed 20 times and each time a different radar test signal shall be generated
ı The radar test signal shall be detected at least 12 times out of the 20 trials in order to comply with the detection
probability specified for this frequency range
ı For the purpose of reducing test time, it is recommended that the single-burst radar test signal starts approximately 10 s
after T1.
72
DFS - In-Service Monitoring
ı The In-Service Monitoring is defined as the process by which an RLAN monitors each Operating Channel for the
presence of radar signals. The In-Service Monitoring shall be used to monitor each Operating Channel.
ı The In-Service-Monitoring shall start immediately after the RLAN has started transmissions on a channel.
ı Single burst radar test signal is generated and it shall be recorded if the radar test signal was detected.
ı Test shall be performed 20 times. The radar test signal shall be detected at least 12 times out of the 20 trials. This shall
be repeated for each of the radar test signals.
73
DFS - Channel Shutdown and Non-Occupancy Period
ı The Channel Shutdown is defined as the process initiated by the RLAN device on an Operating Channel after a radar
signal has been detected during the In-Service Monitoring on that channel.
ı Master device shall instruct all associated slave devices to stop transmitting on this channel, which they shall do within
the Channel Move Time. This is limited to the Channel Closing Transmission Time, defined as 1sec.
ı The Non-Occupancy Period is defined as the time (30mins) during which the RLAN device shall not make any
transmissions on a channel after a radar signal was detected on that channel.
74
DFS - Channel Shutdown and Non-Occupancy Period
75
DFS – Uniform Spreading (no test method)
ı The Uniform Spreading is a mechanism to be used by the RLAN to provide, on aggregate, a uniform
loading of the spectrum across all devices. The Uniform Spreading is limited to the channels being
declared as part of the channel plan.
ı Each of the declared Channel Plans (see clause 3.1) shall make use of at least 60 % of the spectrum
available in the applicable sub-band(s). Each of the Usable Channels shall be used with approximately
equal probability. RLAN equipment for which the declared channel plan includes channels whose
nominal bandwidth falls completely or partly within the band 5 600 MHz to 5 650 MHz may omit these
channels from the list of Usable Channels at initial power up or at initial installation. Channels being
used by other RLAN equipment may be omitted from the list of Usable Channels.
76
Adaptivity (Channel Access Mechanism)
ı Adaptivity is not intended to be used as an alternative to DFS to detect radar transmissions, but to
detect transmissions from other RLAN systems operating in the band.
ı 2 types of Adaptive equipment

• Frame Based Equipment
• Load Based Equipment
77
Adaptivity (Frame Based Equipment)
ı Threshold Level
78
Adaptivity (Load Based Equipment)
ı The CCA threshold level TL shall be calculated using the formula for option 1
ı The CCA threshold level TL shall be calculated using the formula for option 2
79
Short Control Signaling Transmissions
ı Short Control Signaling Transmissions are transmissions used by Adaptive equipment to send
management and control frames (e.g. ACK/NACK signals) without sensing the channel for the presence
of other signals.
ı Adaptive equipment may or may not have Short Control Signaling Transmissions.
ı If implemented, Short Control Signaling Transmissions of Adaptive equipment shall have a maximum
duty cycle of 5 % within an observation period of 50 ms.
80
Priority Classes
81
Channel Access Mechanism
Realized by chipset design or firmware/

software implementation
Declared by manufacturer
82
How the idle time is being classified
Test by TS8997
83
84
ETSI EN 301 893 V2.1.1
Adaptivity
ı Two Separate Tests
 Adaptivity
 Adaptivity (interference signal)
ı 3 different interferer signals available

 LTE
 OFDM
 AWGN
85
ETSI EN 301 893 V2.1.1
Adaptivity
86
Receiver Blocking (New Test)
Receiver blocking as a new test required

Receiver blocking is a measure of the capability of the equipment to receive a wanted signal on its
operating channel without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted
input signal on frequencies other than those of the operating bands provided in table 1.
No receiver
blocking test
Blocking levels at specified frequency

offsets shall be equal to or greater than the
limits defined in table 9.
87
ETSI EN 301 893 V2.1.1
Receiver Blocking
ı Realization of the test configuration in accordance with receiver blocking
of ETSI EN 300 328 V2.1.1
ı OSP-B157W8 internal companion device port attenuator can be used
88
Unwanted Emission Test Case
ı Transmitter Unwanted Emission out of the 5Ghz Band
ı Transmitter Unwanted Emission within the 5Ghz Band
ı Receiver Spurious Emissions
89
Transmitter Unwanted Emissions (Within 5GHz RLAN Band)
ı Definition
 The average level of transmitter unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands shall not exceed the limit of the
mask (applicable within the band of operation)
 Two sub-bands (5150MHz to 5350MHz & 5470MHz to 5725MHz)
 In case of smart antenna systems (devices with multiple transmit chains) each of the transmit chains shall meet this requirement.
90
Transmitter Unwanted Emissions (Outside 5GHz RLAN Band)
ı Definition
• Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the 5GHz RLAN bands are radio frequency emissions
outside the 5 GHz RLAN bands.
ı Limits
• The level of unwanted emission shall not exceed the limits given below
91
Receiver Spurious Emissions
ı Definition
 Receiver spurious emissions at any frequency when the equipment is in receive mode
ı Limits
 The spurious emissions shall not exceed the limit as listed in the table below
92
Test Cases Overview
Coverage of all test cases from the ETSI standards
93
FCC PT 15.247
ı §15.247(a): Determination of hopping frequency and separation
ı §15.247(a): Occupied bandwidth
ı §15.247(b)(c): Output power
ı §15.247(d): Spurious and out-of-band emissions
ı §15.247(e): Power spectral density
ı §15.247(f): Time of channel occupancy
94
Hopping Frequencies
2400MHz – 2483.5MHz
ı At least 15 min channels
5725 MHz – 5850 MHz

ı At least 75 hopping frequencies
95
Carrier Frequency Separation
ı Definition
 Frequency separation between 2 adjacent hopping frequencies.
ı Limit
2400Mhz -2483.5Mhz
 Separated by 25 kHz or the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel, whichever is greater
 < 125mW (21dBm), separated by 25 kHz or two-third of the 20dB bandwidth of the hopping channel,
whichever is greater
96
Minimum Bandwidth
FHSS
ı Minimum 20dB Bandwidth - Limit BDR: 1MHz EDR: 1.3MHz
Digital Modulation
ı Minimum 6dB Bandwidth - Limit Min. 500KHz
(900-928MHz, 2400-2483.5MHz, 5725-5850Mhz)
Bluetooth LE (4.0)*
ı Minimum 6dB Bandwidth - Limit Min. 500KHz
* FCC classifies Bluetooth BDR/EDR as a FHSS system; however, Bluetooth LE does not fulfill these requirements. Instead, FCC classifies Bluetooth LE as a
system using digital modulation techniques.
97
Maximum Conducted Output Power
 30dBm (1W)
when using antennas with directional gains that do not exceed 6 dBi. For antennas exceeding 6 dBi, output power is
limited according dBi value.
1. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400 - 2483.5MHz band employing at least 75 non overlapping
hopping channels, and all frequency hopping systems in the 5725 - 5850MHz
2. For systems using digital modulation in the 2400 - 2483.5MHz, and 5725 - 5850 MHz bands
 21dBm (0.125W)
1. For all other frequency hopping systems in the 2400 - 2483.5MHz
98
Maximum Conducted Output Power
Operation with directional antenna gains greater than 6 dBi.
1. Systems operating in the 2400 - 2483.5 MHz band may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain
greater than 6 dBi provided the maximum conducted output power of the intentional radiator is reduced by 1 dB
for every 3 dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.
e.g
2. Systems operating in the 5725 - 5850 MHz band may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain greater
than 6 dBi without any corresponding reduction in transmitter conducted output power.
99
Out of Band Measurement (Band Edge)
ı Definition:
 Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain are emissions when the equipment is in Transmit mode, on
frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding
spurious.
ı Limit:
• At least 20 dB (peak power) or 30dB (RMS power) below the highest emission level in the operational band.
100
Out of Band Emission
ı Definition
• Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain are emissions outside the
allocated band and outside the Out-of-band Domain, when the equipment is in Transmit
mode.
ı Limit
• At least 20 dB (peak power) or 30dB (RMS power) below the highest emission level in the
operational band, measurement up to 10th Harmonic.
101
Power Spectral Density
ı The maximum Power Spectral Density is limited to 8 dBm/3kHz.
ı Smart antenna systems using multiple antennas repeat measurement for each of the transmit ports.
102
Time of channel occupancy
ı Limit
 2400Mhz- 2483.5Mhz
Dwell time ≤ 0.4sec within a period of 0.4sec X no. of hopping channel (min 15 channels)
 5725 – 5850Mhz
Dwell time ≤ 0.4sec within a period of 30secs (min 75 hopping frequency)
103
FCC 15.407
ı §15.407(a): Output power and power spectral density, supporting PM-G method according to KDB
789033 D02, E. 3 b)
ı §15.407(b): Out-of-band and spurious emissions
ı §15.407(e): Occupied bandwidth, supporting 6/20/26 dB and 99%
ı §15.407(g): Frequency stability
ı §15.407(h): TPC and DFS, automated, radar type 1-6
104
105
Maximum conducted output power
ı Measurement using Spectrum analyzer / EMI receiver (SA)
1) Method SA-1
2) Method SA-1 Alternative
3) Method SA-2
4) Method SA-2 Alternative
5) Method SA-3
ı Measurement using a Power Meter (PM)
1) Method PM
2) Method PM-G
106
Maximum Power Density
ı For devices operating in the bands 5.15-5.25 GHz, 5.25-5.35 GHz, and 5.47-5.725 GHz, measurement
bandwidth of 1MHz.
ı For devices operating in the band 5.725-5.85 GHz, the rules specify a measurement bandwidth of 500
kHz.
107
TPC
ı Transmit power control (TPC). UNII devices operating in the 5.25 - 5.35 GHz band and the 5.47 - 5.725
GHz band shall employ a TPC mechanism.
ı The UNII device is required to have the capability to operate at least 6 dB below the mean EIRP value of
30 dBm.
ı A TPC mechanism is not required for systems with an EIRP of less than 500 mW
108
Undesirable Emission
Unrestricted Band:
ı For transmitters operating in the 5.15 – 5.35GHz and 5.47 – 5.725GHz: All emissions outside of the 5.15
– 5.35GHz and 5.47 – 5.725GHz band shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of −27 dBm/MHz
ı For transmitters operating in the 5.725 - 5.85 GHz band: All emissions within the frequency range from
the band edge to 10 MHz above or below the band edge shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of −17 dBm/MHz;
for frequencies 10 MHz greater above or below the band edge, emissions shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of
−27 dBm/MHz
Restricted Band:
109
ı Applicable frequency range
• Radar detection is required when operating on channels whose nominal bandwidth falls partly or
completely within the frequency ranges 5 250 MHz to 5 350 MHz or 5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz.
• DFS is not required in the 5150 - 5250 MHz or 5725 - 5825 MHz bands.
110
ı DFS operational modes
• Within the context of the operation of the DFS function, an RLAN device shall operate as
either a master or a slave.
111
DFS - The Channel Availability Check (CAC)
ı The Channel Availability Check (CAC) is defined as a mechanism by which an RLAN device checks channels for the
presence of radar signals.
112
DFS – ISM and Non-Occupancy Period
ı Observe the transmissions of the UUT at the end of the radar Burst on the Operating Channel for duration greater than
10 seconds. Measure and record the transmissions from the UUT during the observation time (Channel Move Time).
Measure and record the Channel Move Time and Channel Closing Transmission Time if radar detection occurs.
ı The Non-Occupancy Period is defined as the time (30mins) during which the RLAN device shall not make any
transmissions on a channel after a radar signal was detected on that channel.
113
DFS - In-Service Monitoring (Threshold)
114
DFS - Statistical Performance Check
ı The statistical performance check is verified utilizing all Radar Types (1-6).
ı Ensure that EUT is in transmit mode, radar waveform generator sends the individual waveform for each of the Radar
Types 1- 6 on the Operating Channel.
ı For each waveform repeat the trial for 30 times, the minimum detection probability is 60% for waveform 1-4, for waveform
5 the minimum detection probability is 80% and for waveform 6, the minimum detection probability is 70%.
ı In addition an aggregate minimum percentage of successful detection across all Short Pulse Radar Types 1-4 is required
and is calculated as follows:
115
U-NII Detection Bandwidth
ı UUT configure as a standalone device (no associated Client or Master, as appropriate) and no traffic. Frame based
systems will be set to a talk/listen ratio reflecting the worst case (maximum) that is user configurable during this test.
ı Generate a single radar Burst, and note the response of the UUT. Repeat for a minimum of 10 trials. The UUT must
detect the Radar Waveform within the DFS band using the specified U-NII Detection
ı U-NII Detection Bandwidth = FH – FL
ı The U-NII Detection Bandwidth must meet the U-NII Detection Bandwidth criterion specified in Table 4.
ı In the case that the U-NII Detection Bandwidth is greater than or equal to the 99 percent power bandwidth for the
measured FH and FL, the test can be truncated and the U-NII Detection Bandwidth can be reported as the measured FH
and FL.
116
Operation Training
117
Prerequisites
ı Install NI-VISA
118
WMS32 installation
ı Only select WMS32 installation
119
WMS32 installation
ı During the Installation of EMC32 make sure to select:
EMC32-EB (Emission Measurement), no further EMI
extensions (sub-folders) are needed, so they are
crossed,
ı In the folder ‘Common EMC32 Options the subfolders:

make sure that the “TS8997 Extension”-option is
selected for installation
120
WMS Wizard and
Calibration Set up
121
WMS Wizard
ı Support for OSP-B157W8/OSP-B157WX and OSP-

B157
ı Adds devices to the DeviceList
ı Adds all paths to the DeviceList
ı Creates Attenuation files for all paths
ı Import of attenuation files (only OSP-B157X)
ı Creates Hardware Setup
122
Device List
123
Monitoring device for Receiver Blocking
124
Hardware Setup
125
Calibration Setup
126
DUT Configuration
127
DUT Configuration
128
DUT Configuration (EN 300 328) Non-FHSS
129
130
131
DUT Configuration (EN 300 328) FHSS
132
133
134
DUT Configuration (EN 300 328)
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
DUT Configuration
(Program CMW for receiver blocking)
145
WMS Measurement Test Template: Add Action
“Program A Device”
CMW control: parameter frequency (&

bandwidth for WLAN 802.11g/n/ac)
146
Program a Device: Select & Configure (Program) Device
147
Select WLAN & Configure State Change current state manually to test link
Select Desired State for Test Execution
148
Configure CMW RF Connection
RF2 COM
RF1 OUT
RF1 COM
149
Example: Configure Access Point RF Signal (CMW = Access Point)
Channel / freq. & bandwidth

data rate
CMW output
150
Extended WLAN Configuration
User defined access point

Country specific
data rates to force the
settings like channels
DUT to transmit with
defined data rate
151
WLAN Packet Generator
ping (packet) ping (packet)

CMW270 interval EUT
packet
152
Select BT & Configure State Change current state manually to test link
CMW270
• SIGN. OFF => CMW RF output is off

• Standby => successful inquiry between
EUT & CMW => no RF transmission
• Connected: EUT transmits in test mode
EUT
Select Desired State for Test Execution
153
Configure CMW RF Connection
RF2 COM
RF1 OUT
RF1 COM
154
Bluetooth Signaling Configuration
CMW TX channel + power
CMW RX channel + expected input power
EUT transmits with max power
Hopping on/off
155
DUT Configuration
(Extra setups for DFS)
156
DFS settings
Choose the operating mode

accordingly.
157
DFS settings
Key in the startup time

accordingly
158
Test Template
(General)
159
Test Template (WMS measurement)
160
Test Template (Connection)
161
Test Template (Frequencies)
162
Test Template (Measurements)
163
Test Template (Actions)
164
Test Template (Report)
165
Test Template (Check)
166
Test Template
(EUT Monitoring for
Receiver Blocking)
167
Add EuT Monitoring Template
New file
168
CMW270 as Monitoring Template
“Channel” per
measurement WMS32
quantity
EUT monitoring template WMS measurement
template
Hardware: NoGo: control

Measurement
e.g. PER select device & compare measurement
results
measurement quantity with limit execution
e.g. PER
Signaling & data packets

CMW270 Relays / Splitter EUT
Att.
/ Combiner
OSP-B157W & OSP-B157WX
169
Define Channel Name = Monitored Quantity
170
EUT Monitoring: Select HW
CMW500-BT for Bluetooth with CMW500/270
CMW500-WLAN for WLAN with CMW500/270
171
Configure Measurement Quantity WLAN
PER = Packet Error Rate
Content of data packets
Packet Number = Duration of Test
Data interval = time in TU between packets
Payload size = No. of bytes per packet
172
Configure Measurement Quantity Bluetooth
173
EUT Monitoring: Define Limit for selected channel
EN specifies
upper limit for Value in %
PER/BLER
CMW measures Packet Error Rate & Bit Error Rate in %
174
Example: Configured WLAN Channel
Test Template
(Receiver Blocking Test Setups)
176
OSP-B157 internal step attenuator & manual Performance
Check(Action) Receiver Blocking
Test Case Parameters
Notifications during runtime
Use CMW for leveling & auto Performance Check
Internal step attenuator controlled by WMS32
Monitoring Template
Automatic change of
CMW output power
New: Not available in WMS 32 V10.30;

API Macros are used instead
Test Actions
Use CMW for leveling & auto Performance Check (5GHz)
OSP Internal step attenuator controlled by

WMS32, usually is used for receiver
blocking WITHOUT using CMW
Monitoring Template
Automatic change of
CMW output power
New: Not available in WMS 32 V10.30;

API Macros are used instead
Test Actions
181
Test Template
(ETSI 301893
Adaptivity)
182
ETSI 301893 Adaptivity Settings
183
Test Template
(ETSI 301893
Unwanted Emission)
184
Unwanted Emission higher than 18Ghz
185
Test Template
(ETSI DFS Test Mode)
186
Test Template (WMS measurement)
187
Test Template (Connection)
188
Test Template (Frequencies)
189
Test Template (Measurements)
190
Test Template (CAC Settings)
Key in the correct PSD, this will

affect the level if the radar signal.
This is applicable to all DFS test
cases.
191
Test Template (CAC Settings)
If Automatic is chosen, TS8997

will sweep 1 x extra time to
measure the startup time of the
DUT
If Manual is chosen, TS8997 will

read the startup time setting in
DUT configuration
192
Test Template (Channel Shutdown & Non-Occupancy Period)
193
Test Template (ISM Settings)
DUT with test mode
Choose use Action
DUT without test mode
Choose Use SA and Wait for DUT to

start up
194
Test Template (RDT Settings)
DUT with test mode
Choose use Action
Choose Use SA
195
Test Template (DFS Test Mode Actions)
Add in action to notify user to restart

DUT
DUT with test mode

Important notes : Depends on
previous settings, either action or Add in question for pass/fail verdict
question will be used
196
Test Template (Report)
197
Test Template (Check)
198
FCC DFS Setting
199
FCC DFS CAC
200
FCC DFS CAC Action
201
FCC DFS ISM
202
FCC Statistical Performance Check
203
FCC Detention Bandwidth
204
Post SAT Technical Support.
205
Backup Files Required for Technical Support
Location of the folders
Important folders required for

troubleshooting
Only the sub test folders with

issue are required
206
Technical Support Contact
ıCustomer Care Asia

Email address:
[email protected]
ıMy Contact
Email :
[email protected]
207
The END
Thank you for your time!
208

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R&S®TS8997

Regulatory Test System for Wireless Devices

ı ETSI EN 300 328 V2.1.1

ı ETSI EN 301 893 V2.1.1

ı WMS32 RF test suite

ı R&S®WMS32-K02 and SWS 300328 software option for EN300328 v2.1.1

ı R&S®WMS32-K05 and SWS 301893 software option for EN301893 v2.1.1

ı R&S®EMC32-K2 software option for CMW

ı R&S®WMS32-A2W transition code from API Macro to WMS32

FSV30/40 OSP & SMBV 100 SMB 100 CMW270

ı Power Spectral Density

ı Duty Cycle, Tx-sequence, Tx-gap

ı Dwell time, Minimum Frequency Occupation and Hopping Sequence

ı Hopping Frequency Separation

ı Medium Utilisation (MU) factor

ı Adaptivity (Adaptive Frequency Hopping)

ı Occupied Channel Bandwidth

ı Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain

ı Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain

ı Receiver spurious emissions

ı Power Spectral Density

ı Duty Cycle, Tx – Sequence , Tx - Gap

ı Medium Utilisation (MU) factor

RF output power, PRF = Pburst + G + Y

 Max Tx-Sequence = 5ms, Min Tx-gap = 5ms (non adaptive FHSS)

ı Observation period for calculating duty cycle

ı Tx Sequence = All Tx on and off time between 2 Tx gaps.

Smart antenna systems using multiple antennas repeat

ı Accumulated Transmit Time, Minimum Frequency Occupation & Hopping Sequence

ı Hopping Frequency Separation

ı Occupied Channel Bandwidth

•Accumulated Transmit Time

-20 dBr reference point

F1L; F1H; F2L and F2H.

ı Test Method (Option 2)

Limits for FHSS

Limits for Non-FHSS

• Shall be applicable for both FHSS/Non-FHSS equipment

LBT Non-LBT LBT Non-LBT

 CCA Observation Time which shall be not less than 18μs

 CCA Observation Time which shall be not less than 18μs

 For power levels below 20dBm e.i.r.p. TL may be related to:

ı Limits for FHSS

Adaptive equipment with a

Non-adaptive equipment with a

Non-adaptive equipment with a

Pmin + 6 dB 2 300 -47 CW

Pmin + 6 dB 2 523,5 -47 CW

Wanted signal Blocking signal Blocking signal Type of

Pmin + 6 dB 2 300 -47 CW

Wanted signal Blocking signal Blocking signal Type of

Pmin + 12 dB 2 300 -47 CW

not Yes Yes

Configure identical DUT

ı Transmitter Unwanted Emission in the Out-Of-Band Domain

ı Transmitter Unwanted Emission in the Spurious Domain

ı Receiver Spurious Emissions

ı Nominal Channel Bandwidth and Occupied Channel

ı RF output power, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and

ı Transmitter unwanted emissions