Problem Set

1. The sun generates 1kW/m2 when used as a source for solar collectors. A collector with an area of 1 m 2 heat water. The flow rate is 3 liters
per minute. What is the temperature rise in the water? The specific heat of water is 4200 J/kg oC.
a. 4.8 oC b. 0.48 oC c. 0.5 oC d. 0.84 oC

2. A 6ft x 20 ft uninsulated B. I. pipe conveys steam at 385 0F with an average ambient temperature of 85 oF. If the cost of the fuel is P 250
per BTU with the net energy conversion efficiency of 75%, what is the annual cost of the heat loss?
a. P 60,482.00 b. 65,482.00 c. P 70,482.00 d. 75,482.00

3. What is the external heating surface area in square feet of a tube with the following dimensions: tube inside diameter= 5in., wall
thickness = ½ in., length=18 ft.
a. 26.5 b. 24.25 c. 19.25 d. 28.26
4. A heat exchanger is to be designed for the following specification:
Hot air temperature 1145 oC
Cold gas temperature 45 0C
Unit surface conductance on the hot side 230 W/m2K
Unit surface conductance on the cold side 290 W/m2K
Thermal conductivity of the metal wall 115 W/m K
Find the maximum thickness of the metal wall between the hot gas and the cold gas so that the maximum temperature of the wall does
not exceed 545 0C
a. 10.115 mm b. 13.115 mm c. 17.115 mm d. 20.115 mm

5. Calculate the heat transfer per hour through a solid brick wall 6m long, 2.9m high, and 225mm thick, when the outer surface is at 5 0C and
the inner surface 17 0C, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the brick being 0.5 W/mK.
a. 2.004.48 kJ b. 3,004.48 kJ c. 2,400.48 kJ d. 3,400.48 kJ

6. A vertical wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20cm thick, followed by insulating brick 15 cm thick and an outer wall of steel 1 cm
thick. The surface temperature of the wall adjacent to the combustion chamber is 1200 oC while that of the outer surface of steel is 50 oC.
The thermal conductivity of the wall material in W/mK: firebrick, 10; insulating brick, 0.26; and steel, 45. Neglecting the film resistances
and contact resistance of the joint, determine the heat loss per sq. m. of wall area.
a. a. 1.93 W/m2 b. 2.93 W/m2 c. 1.55 W/m2 d. 2.55 w/m2
7. A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork 110mm thick inside which is a layer of fiberglass 75 mm thick. The
fiberglass is faced internally by an insulating board 25 mm thick. The coefficient of thermal conductivity for the three are as follows:
Brickwork 1.5 W/mK
Fiberglass 0.04 W/mK
Insulating board 0.06 W/mK
The surface transfer coefficients of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m 2K while that of the outside wall is 2.5 W/m2K. Take the internal ambient
temperature as 10 oC and the external temperature is 27oC. Determine the heat loss through such wall 6m high and 10 m long.
a. 330.10 W b. 230.10 W c. 430.10 W d. 530.10 W

8. One insulated wall of a cold-storage compartment is 8m long by 2.5 m high and consist of an outer steel plate 18 mm thick. An inner
wood wall 22.5 mm thick, the steel and wood are 90 mm apart to form a cavity which is filled with cork. If the temperature drop across
the extreme faces of the composite wall is 15 oC. Calculate the heat transfer per hour through the wall and the temperature drop across
the thickness of the cork. Take the coefficients of thermal conductivity for steel, cork and wood as 45, 0.045, and 0.18 W/mK respectively.
a. 408.24 kJ, 12.12 oC b. 708.24 kJ, 11.12 0C c. 608.24 kJ, 13.12 oC d. 506.24 kJ, 14.12 0C

9. A cubical tank of 2m sides is constructed of metal plate 12mm and contains water at 75 oC. The surrounding air temperature is 16 oC.
Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient from water to air. Take the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal as 48 M/mK, the
coefficient of heat transfer of water is 2.5kW/m2K and the coefficient of heat transfer of the air is 16 W/m 2K.
a. 15.84 W/m2K b. 14.84 W/m2K c. 156.84 W/m2K d. 13.84 W/m2K
10. Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a duralumin circular disc 127 mm diameter and 19 mm thick when the
temperature drop across the thickness of the plate is 5 oC. Take the coefficient of thermal conductivity of duralumin as 150 W/mK.
a. 30 kJ b. 40 kJ c. 35 kJ d. 45 kJ

11. A cold storage compartment is 4.5 m long by 4m wide by 2.5 m high. The four walls, ceiling and floor are covered to a thickness of 150
mm with insulating material which has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 5.8x 10 -2 W/mK. Calculate the quantity of heat leaking
through the insulation per hour when the outside and inside face temperatures of the material is 15 oC and -50C respectively.
a. 2185.44 kJ b. 1185.44 kJ c. 3185.44 kJ d. 4185.44 kJ

12. A furnace wall consists of 35 cm firebrick (k=1.557 W/mK), 12 cm insulating refractory (k=0.346), and 20 cm common brick (k=0.692)
covered with 7 cm steel plate (k=45). The temperature at the inner surface of the firebrick is 1,230 oC and at the outer face of the steel
plate is 60 0C. Atmosphere 27 0C. What is the value of the combined coefficient for convection and radiation from the outside wall?
a. 31.13 W/mK b. 30.13 W/mK c. 41.13 W/mK d. 40.13 W/mK
13. A dry ice storage chest is a wooden box lined with glass fiber insulation 5 cm thick. The wooden box (k=0.069) is 2 cm thick and cubical 60
cm on an edge. The inside surface temperature is -76 oC and the outside surface temperature is 18 0C. Use k=0.035 for glass fiber
insulation. Determine e the heat gain per day.
a. 10,211 kJ b. 11,195 kJ c. 12,211 kJ d. 9,2185 kJ

14. One side of refrigerated cold chamber is 6 m long by 3.7 m high and consist of 168 mm thickness of cork between outer and inner walls of
wood. The outer wood wall is 30 mm thick and its outside face temperature is 20 0C, the inner wood wall is 35 mm thick and its inside
face temperature is -3 0C. Taking the coefficient of thermal conductivity of cork and wood as 0.42 and 0.20 W/mK respectively, calculate
the heat transfer per second per sq. m of surface area.
a. 5.138 J b. 4.138 J c. 6.318 J d. 3.318 J

15. Hot gases at 280 oC flow on one side of a metal plate of 10 mm thickness and air at 35 0C flows on the other side. The heat transfer
coefficient of the gases is 31.5 W/m2K and that of the air is 32 W/m2K. Calculate the overall transfer coefficient.
a. 15.82 W/m2K b. 16.82 W/m2K c. 14.82 W/m2K d. 17.82 W/m2K
16. The surface temperature of the hot side of the furnace wall is 1200 0C. It is desired to maintain the outside of the wall at 38 0C. A 152 mm
of refractory silica is used adjacent to the combustion chamber and 10 mm of steel covers the outside. What thickness of insulating bricks
is necessary between refractory and steel, if the heat loss should be kept at 788 W/m 2? Use k=13.84 W/mK for refractory silica; 0.15 foe
insulating brick, and 45 for steel.
a. 220 mm b. 240 mm c. 260 mm d. 280 mm

17. How much heat will flow in 24 hours through a plaster wall that is 0.50 in. thick and 8 ft x 14 ft in area if the temperature is 80 0F on one
side and 40 0F on the other. Use k=3.25 Btu-in/hr-ft 2-0F.
a. 5.99x105 Btu b. 6.99x105 Btu c. 7.99x105 Btu d. 4.99x105 Btu

18. A hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1 m and is made of polystyrene foam with a thickness of 1 cm. A heat source inside keeps the
inner surface 5.2 0C hotter than the outside surface. How much power is produced by the heat source? The thermal conductivity of
polystyrene foam is 0.033 W/mK.
a. 200 W b. 216 W c. 300 W d. 316 W
19. A glass window has an area of 1.6 m2 and a thickness of 4 mm. If one side is at a temperature of 6.80 0C and the other side is at -50C, how
much thermal energy flows through the window in a time of 24 hours? The thermal conductivity of glass is 1.89x10 -4 kcal/m-s-0C.
a. 26,200 kcal b. 58,000kcal c. 40,700 kcal d. 77,100 kcal

20. The wall of a cold room consist of a layer of cork sandwiched between outer wall and inner wall of wood, the wood walls being each 30
mm thick. The inside atmosphere of the room is maintained at -20 0C when the external temperature is 25 0C, and the heat loss through
the wall is 42 W/m2. Taking the thermal conductivity of wood and cork as 0.20 W/mK and 0.05 W/mK respectively, and the rate of heat
transfer between each exposed wood surface and their respectively atmosphere as 15 W/m 2K, calculate the thickness of the cork.
a. 31.90 mm b. 21.90 mm c. 41.90 mmm d. 51.90 mm

21. A slab material has an area of 2 sq. m. and is 1 mm thick. One side is maintained at a temperature of 0 0C while the other is at 12 0C. It is
determined that 6820 J of heat flows through the material in a time of 10 minutes. What is the thermal conductivity of the material?
a. 4.47 x 10-4 W/m0C b. 5.47 x 10-4 W/m0C c. 2.66 x 10-4 W/m0C d. 9.79 x 10-4 W/m0C
22. An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32 0C has an inside diameter of 50 mm with 10 mm thick wall. The
outside diameter of the corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surface coefficient of still air h o = 12 W/m2K. Inside the pipe is
steam having a temperature of 150 0C with film coefficient hi=6000 W/m2K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and asbestos insulation are 45
and 0.12 W/mK respectively. Determine the heat loss per unit length of pipe.
a. 110 W b. 120 W c. 130 W d. 140 W

23. A pipe 200 mm outside diameter and 20m length is covered with a layer , 70 mm thick of insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.05
W/mK and a thermal conductance of 10 W/m2K at the outside surface . If the temperature of the pipe is 350 0C and the ambient
temperature is 15 0C, calculate the surface temperature of the lagging.
a. 32.6 0C b. 22.6 0C c. 42.6 0C d. 53.6 0C

24. Dry and saturated steam at 6 MPa abs. enters a 40 m length of 11.5 cm O.D. steel pipe at a flow rate of 0.12 kg/s. The pipe is covered
with 5 cm thick asbestos insulation (k=0.022 W/mK). The pipe is located in a tunnel with stagnant air temperature of 27 0C. The unit
outside convective coefficient 10 W/m2K. Neglecting steam film and pipe wall resistances, determine the mass of steam condensed.
a. 4.86 kg/hr b. 3.86 kg/hr c. 5.86 kg/hr d. 6.86 kg/hr
25. Calculate the heat loss per linear ft from 2in. nominal pipe (2.375) in. outside diameter) covered with a 1 in. of an insulating material
having an average thermal conductivity of 0.0375 Btu/hr-ft- 0F. Assume that the inner and outer surface temperatures of the insulations
are 380 0F and 80 0F respectively.
a. 110 Btu/hr-ft b. 116 Btu/hr-ft c. 120 Btu/ hr-ft d. 126 Btu/ hr-ft

26. Calculate the heat loss per linear foot from a 10 in. nominal pipe ( outside diameter= 10 in.) covered with a composite pipe insulation
consisting of 1.5 in. of insulation I placed next to pipe and 2 in. of insulation II placed upon insulation I. Assume that the inner and outer
surface temperatures of the composite insulation are 700 0F and 100 0F respectively, and that the thermal conductivity of material I is
0.05 Btu/hr-ft-F and for material ii is 0.039 Btu/hr-ft F.
a. 323.13 Btu/hr-ft b. 123.13 Btu/hr-ft c. 120 Btu/hr-ft d. 126 Btu/hr-ft

27. A steam pipe carrying steam at 380 kPa pressure for a distance of 120 m in a chemical plant is not insulated. Estimate the saving in steam
cost that would be made per year if this 8 cm steam line were covered with b85% magnesia pipe covering 5 cm thick. Take room
temperature to be 25 0C, the cost of steam is65 cents per 1000kg. Thermal conductivity of magnesia k= 0.0745 W/mK, unit convective
coefficient of room air, ho=12 W/m2K.
a. 305 dollars b. 405 dollars c. 505 dollars d. 605 dollars