Atomic Structure Part 6

Q1.
(a) The electronic structure of a sodium atom can be written 2,8,1.
Write the electronic structure of a potassium atom in the same way.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The electronic structure of a sodium atom can also be represented as in the
diagram below.

(i) Draw a similar diagram for a fluorine atom.

(ii) Draw similar diagrams to show the electronic structure of the particles in
sodium fluoride.

(4)
(Total 5 marks)

Q2.
(a) Why do the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table have similar chemical
properties?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 (b) Explain why the reactivity of the elements in Group 1 increases down the group.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q3.
The following passage was taken from a chemistry textbook.

Germanium is a white, shiny, brittle element. It is used in the electronics industry because
it is able to conduct a small amount of electricity.

It is made from germanium oxide obtained from flue dusts of zinc and lead smelters.
The impure germanium oxide from the flue dusts is changed into germanium by the
process outlined below.

STEP 1 The germanium oxide is reacted with hydrochloric acid to make

germanium tetrachloride. This is a volatile liquid in which the germanium
and chlorine atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

STEP 2 The germanium tetrachloride is distilled off from the mixture.

STEP 3 The germanium tetrachloride is added to an excess of water to

produce germanium oxide and hydrochloric acid.

STEPS 1 to 3 are repeated several times.

STEP 4 The pure germanium oxide is reduced by hydrogen to form germanium.

(a) Balance the equation below which represents the reaction in step 1.

GeO2 + ______ HCl → GeCl4 + ______ H2O

(1)

(b) Write a word equation for the reaction in step 3.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Suggest why steps 1 to 3 are repeated several times.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) The equation which represents the reaction in step 4 is shown below.

GeO2 + 2H2 → Ge + 2H2O

(i) Explain what is meant by the term ‘reduced’.

______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Calculate the mass of germanium which could be made from 525 g of
germanium oxide. (Relative atomic masses: Ge = 73; O = 16).

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Mass _____________________ g
(3)

(e) Germanium is difficult to classify as either a metal or a non-metal.

(i) Give as much evidence as you can from the information in this question to
support the view that germanium is a metal. Explain your answer as fully as
you can.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) Give as much evidence as you can from the information in this question to
support the view that germanium is a non-metal. Explain your answer as fully
as you can.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 13 marks)

Q4.
(a) The list below gives six substances.

• aluminium

• beer

• copper

• milk
 • pure water

• sodium chloride

Put each substance in the correct column of the table.

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS MIXTURES

(3)

(b) Elements can be divided into two groups, metals and non-metals.

The list below gives some properties of elements.

• brittle

• can be hammered into shape

• dull

• good conductors of electricity

• poor conductors of electricity

• shiny

Put each property into the correct column.

PROPERTIES OF METALS PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q5.
Sando-K is a medicine. It is given to people whose bodies contain too little of a particular
element.

Sando-K is a mixture of two compounds. The formulae of the two compounds are given
below.

KHCO3 KCl

(a) Use the Data Sheet to help you to name all the elements in these compounds.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Which metal do people given Sando-K need?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q6.
The table shows the % composition by mass of modern British coins.

% COMPOSITION BY MASS
COIN
copper nickel tin zinc

70 5.5 – 24.5
£1

84 16 – –
20p

5p, 10p, & 50p

97 – 0.5 2.5
1p &2p (until 1991)

Copper plated steel

1p &2p (1992 onwards)

(a) Use the Data Sheet to help you to complete the table by filling in the information
about 5p, 10p and 50p coins which are made of cupronickel.
(1)

(b) Shade the pie chart to represent the % of copper in a £1 coin.

(1)

(c) Name the metal present in:

 (i) all these coins,

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) a £1 coin but not in a 20p coin.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) The following is a list of properties.

• bends easily

• good conductor of electricity

• hard

• high melting point

• poor conductor of heat

• unreactive

From this list, choose two properties which coinage metals should have. For each
property, give a reason for your answer.

Property 1 __________________________________________________________

Reason ____________________________________________________________

Property 2 __________________________________________________________

Reason ____________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q7.
Sando-K is a medicine. It is given to people whose bodies contain too little of a particular
element.

Sando-K is a mixture of two compounds. The formulae of the two compounds are given
below.

KHCO3 KC1

(a) Which metal do people given Sando-K need?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Sando-K contains the ion, CO32–. Which gas would be produced if a dilute acid was
added to Sando-K? (The Data Sheet may help you to answer this question.)

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) The compounds in Sando-K contain ions.

 Complete the two sentences below.

Atoms change into positive ions by ____________________ one or more

_______________________________ .

Atoms change into negative ions by _____________________ one or

more __________________________ .
(4)

(d) Electricity can be used to show that an aqueous solution of Sando-K contains ions.

(i) Draw a diagram of an apparatus that you could use to prove that Sando-K
contains ions.

(4)

(ii) Explain, as fully as you can, what would happen when the electricity is
switched on.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 13 marks)

Q8.
Calcium and magnesium are elements. They are found in the Earth’s crust as
compounds, often carbonates and sulphates. Magnesium is also found as its chloride.

(a) Calcium and magnesium are in the same Group in the Periodic Table.
State which Group this is.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Use the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

(i) Write the chemical formula of magnesium chloride.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Name the type of bonding in magnesium chloride.

 ______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q9.
Sulphur hexafluoride is a colourless, odourless, non-flammable gas, which is insoluble in
water and extremely unreactive. It is used as an insulator in high voltage transformers
and switchgear.

The diagram below represents a molecule of sulphur hexafluoride.

(a) What type of chemical bond holds the sulphur and fluorine atoms together in
sulphur hexafluoride molecules?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Explain why sulphur hexafluoride has a low boiling point.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Explain how three of the properties of sulphur hexafluoride make it suitable for use
as an insulator inside electrical transformers.

Property 1: _________________________________________________________

Explanation: ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Property 2: _________________________________________________________

Explanation: ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Property 3: _________________________________________________________

Explanation: ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q10.
The diagram represents an atom. Choose words from the list to label the diagram.
 electron ion neutron nucleus

(Total 3 marks)

Q11.
Use these relative atomic masses: H = 1; O = 16; Ca = 40
to calculate the relative formula mass (Mr ) of

quicklime CaO ___________________________________________________________

slaked lime Ca(OH)2 ______________________________________________________

(Total 2 marks)

Q12.
One definition of an element is:

“A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods”

The table below shows some of the ‘substances’ which Antoine Lavoisier thought were
elements. He divided the ‘substances’ into four groups. He published these groups in
1789.

The modern names of some of the ‘substances’ are given in brackets.

ACID-MAKING GAS-LIKE METALLIC EARTHY

ELEMENTS ELEMENTS ELEMENTS ELEMENTS

sulphur light cobalt mercury lime

(calcium oxide)

magnesia
phosphorus caloric copper nickel (magnesium oxide)
(heat)
barytes
oxygen gold platina (barium sulphate)
charcoal (platinum)
(carbon) argilla
 (aluminium oxide)
azote iron silver
(nitrogen)
silex
hydrogen (silicon dioxide)
lead tin

magnese tungsten

zinc

(a) Name one ‘substance’ in the list which is not a chemical element or compound.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) (i) Name one substance in the list which is a compound.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Suggest why Lavoisier thought that this substance was an element.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q13.
X is an element with the following properties:

• melts at –220°C and boils at –188°C;

• does not conduct electricity at room temperature;

• forms molecular compounds with non-metals;

• forms ionic salts with metals in which its ion has a 1–charge.

(a) Would you expect X to be a solid, a liquid or a gas at 20°C?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Predict the formula of the product formed when X reacts with aluminium.
(The aluminium ion is Al3+ and the X ion is X–.)
Select your answer from the list below.
 AlX AlX2 AlX3 Al3X Al2X3

Predicted formula __________________________

(1)

(c) To which Group of the Periodic Table does the element X belong?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q14.
Sodium and potassium are both in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

(a) Explain, by reference to their electronic structures, why both elements are placed in
Group 1.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Use the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.
The diagrams below represent the electronic structures of some atoms and ions.

Which one of the structures, A - F

(i) represents a sodium atom, ________________________________________

(1)

(ii) represents a potassium ion? _______________________________________

(1)

(c) Sodium and potassium both react with cold water.

(i) The word equation represents the reaction of sodium with water.
 sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Complete and balance the symbol equation for this reaction.

__________ + __________ → 2NaOH + __________

(2)

(ii) How does the reactivity of potassium with water differ from that of sodium
with water?

______________________________________________________________

Explain this difference in reactivity by reference to the electronic structures of

the potassium and sodium atoms.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q15.
One definition of an element is:

“A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods”

The table below shows some of the ‘substances’ which Antoine Lavoisier thought were
elements. He divided the ‘substances’ into four groups. He published these groups in
1789.

The modern names of some of the ‘substances’ are given in brackets.

ACID-MAKING GAS-LIKE METALLIC EARTHY

ELEMENTS ELEMENTS ELEMENTS ELEMENTS

sulphur light cobalt mercury lime

(calcium oxide)

magnesia
phosphorus caloric copper nickel (magnesium oxide)
(heat)
barytes
oxygen gold platina (barium sulphate)
charcoal (platinum)
(carbon) argilla
iron silver (aluminium oxide)
azote
(nitrogen) silex
lead tin (silicon dioxide)
hydrogen
 magnese tungsten

zinc

Dmitri Mendeleev devised a Periodic Table of the elements in 1869. A modern version of
this table is shown on the Data Sheet.

Give two ways in which Mendeleev’s table is more useful than Lavoisier’s.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q16.
Ammonia is a very important chemical.

(a) The table shows the percentage of ammonia used to make different substances.

SUBSTANCES MADE PERCENTAGE (%)

FROM AMMONIA OF AMMONIA USED

fertilisers 75

nitric acid 10

nylon 5

others 10

Shade on the pie chart the percentage of ammonia used to make nitric acid.
 (1)

(b) Ammonia gas is made by the reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
Write a word equation to represent this reaction.

_______________ + _______________ _______________

(1)

(c) Nitrogen is one of the raw materials used to make ammonia.

Nitrogen is obtained from air.
This pie chart shows the proportion of nitrogen, oxygen and other gases in air.
Label the area which represents the proportion of nitrogen in air.

(1)

(d) An artificial fertiliser contains compounds with the formulae:

NH4NO3 and KCl

(i) Use the Data Sheet to help you answer this question.
Name the elements in the compound NH4NO3.

1. ____________________________________________________________
 2. ____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) Use the Data Sheet to help you answer this question.
Name the compound KCl.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) (i) Ammonium nitrate is one type of artificial fertiliser.

Calculate the relative formula mass of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3.
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1, N = 14, O = 16.)

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Use your answer to part (f)(i) to help you calculate the percentage by mass of
nitrogen present in ammonium nitrate NH4NO3.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q17.
Use the Data Sheet to help you answer this question.

When sodium reacts with water it forms sodium ions.

The diagrams below represent the electron arrangements of some atoms and ions.

Which of the diagrams, A to E, represents the electron arrangement of each of the

following?

(i) A sodium atom, Na _______________

(ii) A sodium ion, Na+ _______________

(Total 2 marks)

Q18.
Part of the Periodic Table which Mendeleev published in 1869 is shown below.
Use the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

(a) (i) Give the symbols of two elements in Group 1 of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
which are not found in Group 1 of the modern Periodic Table.

_____________________________ and _____________________________

(1)

(ii) Name these two elements.

_____________________________ and _____________________________

(2)

(b) Which group of elements in the modern Periodic Table is missing on Mendeleev’s
table?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Mendeleev left several gaps in his Periodic Table. These gaps are shown as
asterisks(*) on the table above.
Suggest why Mendeleev left these gaps.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Complete the following sentence.

In the modern Periodic Table the elements are arranged in the order of their

____________________ numbers.
(1)

(e) Mendeleev placed lithium, sodium and potassium in Group 1 of his Periodic Table.
This was because they have similar properties.
Some properties of elements are given in the table.
Four of them are properties of lithium, sodium and potassium. One of these
properties has been ticked for you. Place a tick next to the other three properties.
 PROPERTY

They react with water to give alkaline solutions.

They are gases.

They are non-metals.

They form an ion with a 1+ charge.

They react with water and give off hydrogen.

They form an ion with a 1– charge.

They are metals.

They react with water to give acidic solutions.

(3)

(f) What happens when a small piece of sodium reacts with water?
You should describe what you would see and state what substances are formed.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 12 marks)

Q19.
Part of the Periodic Table which Mendeleev published in 1869 is shown below.

Use the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

 (a) Name two elements in Group 1 of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table which are not found
in Group 1 of the modern Periodic Table.

__________________________________ and _____________________________

(2)

(b) Which group of elements in the modern Periodic Table is missing on Mendeleev’s
table?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Mendeleev left several gaps in his Periodic Table. These gaps are shown as
asterisks(*) on the table above.
Suggest why Mendeleev left these gaps.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Complete the following sentence.

In the modern Periodic Table the elements are arranged in the order of their

____________________ numbers.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q20.
(a) What is the name given to the block of elements in the middle of the Periodic Table
which includes vanadium?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Some of the properties of vanadium are shown in this list.

• It has a high melting point.

• It is a solid at room temperature.

• It is a conductor of electricity.

• It is a good conductor of heat.

• It forms coloured compounds.

• If forms crystalline compounds.

• It forms compounds that are catalysts.

Select two properties, from the list above, which are not typical of a Group 1 metal.

1. _________________________________________________________________
 2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q21.
In sea water the bromine is present as bromide ions (Br–). The equation below shows how
chlorine can be used to displace bromine from sea water.

Cl2(g) + 2Br–(aq) → Br2(g) + 2Cl–(aq)

Explain, as fully as you can, why chlorine can displace bromine from sea water.
To obtain full marks your answer should refer to electronic structure.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q22.
The graph shows the melting point of four elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.

(a) What is the melting point of fluorine?

 ___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Room temperature is 20°C.

Which element is solid at room temperature?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Look at the periodic table on the Data Sheet.

Using data from the graph, describe the trend of melting points of the elements in
Group 7.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) The elements in Group 7 are non-metals.

Which two of the following are properties of non-metals?

Place a tick ( ) in the box against each correct property.

Brittle (if solid)

Good conductor of heat

High boiling point

Poor conductor of electricity

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q23.
The periodic table on the Data Sheet might help you to answer this question.

Diagrams A – D show models of four different molecules.

Complete the table to give the name and the formula of each of the molecules A – D.
 The first one has been done for you.

Molecule Name Formula

A Hydrogen H2

D
(Total 6 marks)

Q24.
The elements in Group 1 are known as the alkali metals.

Which three of the following are properties of alkali metals?

Place a tick ( ) in the box against each correct property.

Hard, tough and strong

Low density

Form hydroxides that dissolve in water

React quickly with water

Used as catalysts

Used to make electric cables

(Total 3 marks)

Q25.
Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to answer these questions.

The table below gives the electronic structures of four elements, W, X, Y and Z.

Element Electronic structure

W 2,5

X 2,7

Y 2,8,8

Z 2,8,8,1

(a) Which element W, X, Y or Z:

 (i) is a Group 0 gas? __________

(ii) is nitrogen? __________

(iii) is a Group 7 gas? __________

(iv) reacts violently with water? __________

(3)

(b) Which two Groups of the periodic table do not contain any non-metals?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q26.
(a) You may find the Data Sheet helpful to complete the word equation.

These two gases react as shown in the balanced symbol equation.

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

hydrogen + ________________ → ___________________

(2)

(b) Complete this sentence by crossing out the two words in the box that are wrong.

This chemical reaction is much faster if a molecule if a is used.

(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q27.
Beryllium and calcium are metals in Group 2 of the periodic table.

The diagrams show their electronic structures.

(a) Why do beryllium and calcium have similar chemical properties?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Calcium is more reactive than beryllium.

Suggest an explanation for this in terms of the electronic structure of the two
elements.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q28.
(a) Helium is used to fill party balloons.

Which two of the following are properties that make helium suitable for filling party
balloons?

Place a tick ( ) in the box against each suitable property.

Coloured

Exists as individual atoms

Less dense than air

Poor conductor of heat

Very unreactive

(2)

(b) The table shows the names of some gases.

Use the correct formulae from the box to complete the table. The first one has been
done for you.

CH4 CO2 H2 HCl NH3

O2

Gas Formula

Oxygen O2
 Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen chloride

Ammonia
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Q29.
Use the Periodic Table of Elements on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this
question.

(a) Describe, in as much detail as you can, the structure of a fluorine atom.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Complete the diagram to show the electronic structure of a magnesium atom.

(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q30.
Use the Periodic Table of Elements on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this
question.

Francium (Fr) is a very rare element. It is estimated that there is only 25 g of francium in
the Earth’s crust. Francium is radioactive and has a half-life of only a few minutes.

Mendeleev predicted the existence of francium in the 1870s but the element was not
discovered
until 1939.

(a) Explain why Mendeleev was able to predict the existence of francium in the 1870s.
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Suggest why there is not much experimental evidence for the properties of
francium.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) (i) If you could react francium with water, how would the reaction compare with
that of sodium with water?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Explain the reason for your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q31.
Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.

(a) Write the symbol for helium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Write the name of an element in Group 4.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Write the name of the element which has a relative atomic mass of 64.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Write the name of the element with the next highest atomic number after Te
(tellurium) in the periodic table.
 ___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q32.
The diagram shows an atom.

(a) On the diagram, write the names of structures A, B, C and D.

(4)

(b) To which Group of the periodic table does this atom belong?

___________________________________________________________________

Give one reason for your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Name the element which is made up of this type of atom.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

Q33.
The table shows some properties of four Group 7 elements.

State at Reaction with hydrogen

Boiling Melting room

Element point in ºC point in ºC temperatur Description Product

e

Fluorine – 218 – 188 gas Explosive Hydrogen

 reaction fluoride
in dim light

Explosive
Hydrogen
Chlorine – 34 – 101 gas reaction in
chloride
sunlight

Bromine + 59 –7 Reacts if heated

Reacts if heated Hydrogen

Iodine + 185 + 114
strongly iodide

(a) What is the state at room temperature of:

(i) bromine; ________________________

(ii) iodine? _________________________

(2)

(b) Which one of the four elements is most reactive?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Name the compound formed when hydrogen reacts with bromine.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q34.
Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is made up of nitrogen, hydrogen and chlorine atoms.

(i) Complete the table to show the number of atoms of each element present in NH4Cl.

Number of atoms in
Element
NH4Cl

nitrogen 1

hydrogen

chlorine
(1)

(ii) Calculate the relative formula mass of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl.

(Relative atomic masses: H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
 Relative formula mass = _________________________
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q35.
The table shows how Group 7 elements react with hydrogen.

Reaction with hydrogen

Element Description Product

Explosive reaction in
Fluorine Hydrogen fluoride
dim light

Explosive reaction in
Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
sunlight

Bromine Reacts if heated Hydrogen bromide

Reacts if heated
Iodine Hydrogen iodine
strongly

Explain the difference in the rates of the reaction of fluorine with hydrogen and of iodine
with hydrogen.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q36.
John Newland produced a periodic table in 1866. The first 21 elements in his table are
shown in the diagram.

Column

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

H Li Be B C N O

F Na Mg Al Si P S

Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe

Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.

(a) In which two columns of Newland’s periodic table do all the elements have similar
properties?
 ___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The modern periodic table is arranged in a different order to Newland’s table.

(i) What order is used in the modern periodic table?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Argon has a higher relative atomic mass than potassium. Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Describe the changes in the number of electrons in the atoms of elements in
the period which begins with potassium and ends with krypton.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q37.
The table gives some properties of the element silicon.

Melting point 1410 ºC

Relative atomic mass 28

Conductivity Conducts electricity

Forms compounds with covalent

Compounds
bonds

Position in periodic table Group 4

Reaction with water Unreactive

Density Relatively low

(a) Give two ways in which silicon is similar to the alkali metals.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
 (b) Give two ways in which the properties of silicon are different from those of the alkali
metals.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q38.
Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.

(a) Write the symbol for helium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Write the name of an element in Group 4.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Write the name of the element which has a relative atomic mass of 64.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Write the name of the element with the next highest atomic number after Te
(tellurium) in the periodic table.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q39.
(a) The table shows how Group 7 elements react with hydrogen.

Element Reaction with hydrogen

Description Product

Explosive reaction in
Fluorine Hydrogen fluoride
dim light

Explosive reaction in
Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
sunlight

Bromine Reacts if heated Hydrogen bromide

Iodine Reacts if heated Hydrogen iodine

 strongly

(i) Explain why all the Group 7 elements react in a similar way with hydrogen.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) Explain the difference in the rates of the reaction of fluorine with hydrogen,
and of iodine with hydrogen.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Explain why Group 0 elements are monatomic.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q40.
Part of the Periodic Table is shown. It includes the symbols for six elements.

(a) Write the symbol for carbon. ___________________________________________

(1)

(b) (i) Put the symbol Cl, for chlorine, into its correct position in the Table.
(1)
 (ii) Bromine, chlorine, fluorine and iodine are halogens. Which one of these
halogens is least reactive?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) The alkali metals form Group 1 in the Periodic Table. Write the symbol of the most
reactive alkali metal shown in the Table above.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Write the symbol for an element which is in the same Group as sodium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q41.
Electrons, neutrons and protons are sub-atomic particles.

(a) Complete the six spaces in the following table.

Name of sub-atomic Relative mass Relative charge

particle

____________________ 1 ____________________

____________________ ____________________ 0

____________________ _____________________

(3)

(b) An aluminium atom has 13 electrons. How are these arranged in shells around the
nucleus?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Chromium atoms have 24 protons and 28 neutrons.

(i) How many electrons does each neutral chromium atom have?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) What is the mass number of chromium?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) What change occurs to an atom which undergoes the process of reduction in a
chemical reaction?
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) The diagram shows part of the ionic lattice of a sodium chloride crystal.

Explain why the ions in this lattice stay in place.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Q42.
(a) Choose from the names of elements in the box the answers to the questions which
follow.

aluminium carbon chlorine copper

helium iron magnesium sodium

Give the name of:

(i) an alkali metal

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) a halogen

______________________________________________________________
(1)
 (iii) a noble gas

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The alkali metals are in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. The elements in Group 1
have a number of similar properties.

(i) Describe one chemical property which they have in common.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Describe one physical property which they have in common.

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q43.
(a) Atoms are made of sub-atomic particles. Complete the six spaces in the table.

Name of sub-atomic Relative mass Relative charge

particle

_________________ ___________

Neutron ___________ ____________

_________________ 1 ____________

(3)

(b) Complete the spaces in the sentences.

(i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of ___________________ in its

nucleus and is equal to the number of ___________________________ if the

atom is not charged.

(1)

(ii) The mass number of an atom is the total number of _________________ and

___________________ in its nucleus.

(1)

(c) The table gives information about the atoms of three elements.

Number of electrons in:

Name of Chemical 1st 2nd 3rd

element symbol shell shell shell
 Fluorine F 2 7 0

Neon Ne 2 8 0

Sodium Na 2 8 1

Two of these elements can react together to form a chemical compound.

(i) What is the name and the formula of this compound?

Name __________________________ Formula _____________________

(2)

(ii) What type of bonding holds this compound together?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Explain, in terms of electron transfer, how the bonding occurs in this
compound.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q44.
Part of the Periodic Table is shown below. Use the information to help you answer the
questions which follow.

(a) Write the symbol for:

(i) chlorine; _____________________

(ii) sodium. _____________________

(2)

(b) (i) What is the symbol of the element which is in Group 2 and Period 3?
 ____________

(ii) What name is given to Group 7?

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) The arrangement of electrons in sulphur (S) is 2.8.6.

Write the arrangement of electrons for:

(i) neon (Ne); ____________________________________________________

(1)

(ii) aluminium (Al). ________________________________________________

(1)

(d) The Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic

number. What is the atomic number of an element?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) What is the name of the uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q45.
The word box contains the names of some metals.

aluminium copper iron manganese zinc

(i) The drawing shows the view from a window. Choose from the names of metals in
the box to complete the three spaces.
 (3)

(ii) What is the name of the metal in the word box which has the chemical symbol Fe?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) What is the name of one metal in the word box which often has coloured
compounds?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)