Name: ________________________

yr12 Cumulative assessment 2 Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 57 minutes

Marks: 55 marks

Comments:

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 This question is about the elements in Group 2 and their compounds.
1
(a) Use the Periodic Table to deduce the full electron configuration of calcium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Write an ionic equation, with state symbols, to show the reaction of calcium with an excess
of water.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) State the role of water in the reaction with calcium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Write an equation to show the process that occurs when the first ionisation energy of
calcium is measured.

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(1)

(e) State and explain the trend in the first ionisation energies of the elements in Group 2 from
magnesium to barium.

Trend ______________________________________________________________

Explanation _________________________________________________________

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(3)
(Total 7 marks)

(a) (i) Name the process used to separate petroleum into fractions.
2
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(ii) Give the molecular formula for an alkane with nine carbon atoms.

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 (iii) Write an equation for the complete combustion of the alkane C11H24

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(iv) Write an equation for the incomplete combustion of C11H24 to produce carbon
and water only.

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(4)

(b) Alkenes can be produced by cracking the naphtha fraction obtained from petroleum.

(i) Write an equation for the thermal cracking of one molecule of C10 H22 to give
one molecule of propene and one molecule of an alkane only.

______________________________________________________________

(ii) Draw the structure of the chain isomer of but-1-ene.

(2)

(c) The alkanes and the alkenes are examples of homologous series of compounds.
One feature of an homologous series is the gradual change in physical properties
as the relative molecular mass increases. State two other general features of an
homologous series of compounds.

Feature 1 ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Feature 2 ___________________________________________________________

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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 (a) Compounds with double bonds between carbon atoms can exhibit geometrical isomerism.
3
(i) Draw structures for the two geometrical isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene.

Isomer 1 Isomer 2

(ii) What feature of the double bond prevents isomer 1 from changing into isomer 2?

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) When 2-chloropropane reacts with sodium hydroxide, two different reactions occur.
Each reaction produces a different organic product.

(i) Outline a mechanism for Reaction 1 and state the role of the hydroxide ion in this
reaction.

Mechanism

Role of the hydroxide ion __________________________________________

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 (ii) Outline a mechanism for Reaction 2 and state the role of the hydroxide ion in this
reaction.

Mechanism

Role of the hydroxide ion __________________________________________

(7)
(Total 10 marks)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) has a crystal structure similar to diamond.

4
(a) Give the name of the type of crystal structure shown by silicon dioxide.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Suggest why silicon dioxide does not conduct electricity when molten.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Silicon dioxide reacts with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to produce hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6)
and one other substance.

Write an equation for this reaction.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

(a) A sample of ethanol vapour, C2H5OH (Mr = 46.0), was maintained at a pressure of 100 kPa
5 and at a temperature of 366K.

(i) State the ideal gas equation.

______________________________________________________________

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 (ii) Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the volume, in cm3, that 1.36 g of ethanol
vapour would occupy under these conditions.
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1)

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(5)

(b) Magnesium nitride reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide and ammonia.

(i) Balance the equation, given below, for the reaction between magnesium nitride and
water.

Mg3N2 + H 2O → Mg(OH)2 + NH3

(ii) Calculate the number of moles, and hence the number of molecules, of NH3 in
0.263 g of ammonia gas.
(The Avogadro constant L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1)

______________________________________________________________

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(4)

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 (c) Sodium carbonate is manufactured in a two-stage process as shown by the equations
below.

NaCl + NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

Calculate the maximum mass of sodium carbonate which could be obtained from 800 g of
sodium chloride.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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(4)
(Total 13 marks)

The refrigerant R410A, used in air conditioners, is a mixture of two fluoroalkanes,

6 pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane.

(a) (i) The mechanism for the reaction of fluorine with either an alkane or a fluoroalkane is
similar to that for the reaction of chlorine with methane.

Name the type of mechanism for the reaction of chlorine with methane.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (ii) Write equations for the following steps in the mechanism for the reaction of fluorine
with fluoromethane (CH3F) to form difluoromethane (CH2F2).

Initiation step

______________________________________________________________

First propagation step

______________________________________________________________

Second propagation step

______________________________________________________________

A termination step leading to the formation of 1,2-difluoroethane.

______________________________________________________________
(4)

(iii) Write an overall equation for the reaction of fluorine with ethane to form
pentafluoroethane (CF3CHF2) by this mechanism.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The refrigerant R112A (CCl3CF2Cl) has been banned because of concerns about ozone
depletion.

Give the IUPAC name for CCl3CF2Cl

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Nitrogen monoxide (NO) catalyses the decomposition of ozone into oxygen.

(i) Write the overall equation for this decomposition.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (ii) Use the overall equation to deduce Step 3 in the following mechanism that shows
how nitrogen monoxide catalyses this decomposition.

Step 1 O3 O + O2

Step 2 NO + O3 NO2 + O2

Step 3 ________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

This question concerns the preparation of the plastic poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate) (Perspex),
7 starting from propanone.

Which one of the following is not a structural isomer of Compound M?

D
(Total 1 mark)

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 Which statement is correct about the fractional distillation of crude oil?
8
A A zeolite catalyst is used.

B Each fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons.

C Gaseous fractions are formed by breaking covalent bonds.

D The fractionating column is hottest at the top.

(Total 1 mark)

Which correctly represents an incomplete combustion of pentane?

9

A C5H12 + 8O2 ⟶ 5CO2 + 6H2O

B C5H12 + 8O2 ⟶ 4CO + CO2 + 6H2O

C C5H12 + 6O2 ⟶ 4CO + CO2 + 6H2O

D C5H12 + 5O2 ⟶ 4CO + CO2 + 4H2O + 2H2

(Total 1 mark)

Which of the following mechanisms does not occur in reactions of bromoethane?

10

A Electrophilic addition

B Elimination

C Nucleophilic substitution

D Radical substitution

(Total 1 mark)

Which one of the following mechanisms is not involved in the reaction sequence below?
11
CH3CH3 → CH3CH2Cl → CH3CH2OH → CH2=CH2 → CH3CH2Br

A electrophilic addition

B electrophilic substitution

C nucleophilic substitution

D free-radical substitution
(Total 1 mark)

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Mark schemes
(a) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1
Allow correct numbers that are not superscripted
1

(b) Ca(s)+ 2H2O(l) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) + H2(g)

State symbols essential
1

(c) Oxidising agent

1

(d) Ca(g) Ca+(g) + e–

State symbols essential
Allow ‘e’ without the negative sign
1

(e) Decrease
If answer to ‘trend’ is not ‘decrease’, then chemical error = 0 / 3
1

Ions get bigger / more (energy) shells

Allow atoms instead of ions
1

Weaker attraction of ion to lost electron

1
[7]

(a) (i) fractional distillation or fractionation

2 1

(ii) C9H20 only

1

(iii) C11H24 + 17O2 → 11CO2 + 12H2O

1

(iv) C11H24 + 6O2 → 11C + 12H2O

1

(b) (i) C10H22 → C3H6 + C7H16

1

(ii) correctly drawn structure of methylpropene

(insist on clearly drawn C-C and C=C bonds)
1

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 (c) Any two from

o chemically similar or chemically the same or react in

the same way

o same functional group

o same general formula

o differ by CH2
(penalise same molecular formula or same empirical formula)
2
[8]

(a) (i)
3

(ii) restricted rotation OR no rotation OR cannot rotate (1)

3

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(b) (i) Mechanism:

M1 and M2 independent
Curly arrows must be from a bond or a lone pair
Do not penalise sticks

Penalise M1 if
precedes (penalise this once)
Penalise incorrect δ+ δ– for M2
Penalise + on C atom for M2
Only allow M1 for incorrect haloalkane

Role of the hydroxide ion: nucleophile (1)

electron pair donor
lone pair donor
NOT nucleophilic substitution

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 (ii) Mechanism:

Only allow M1 and M2 for incorrect haloalkane unless RE on (i)

+ charge on H on molecule, penalise M1
M3 independent
M2 must be to correct C–C
M1 must be correct H atom
Credit M1 and M2 via carbocation mechanism
No marks after any attack of C by OH–

Role of the hydroxide ion: base (1)

proton acceptor
accepts H+
7
[10]

(a) Macromolecular / giant covalent / giant molecule

4
Not giant atomic
1

(b) No delocalised electrons / no free ions / no free charged particles

1

(c) SiO2 + 6HF H2SiF6 + 2H2O

Accept multiples
1
[3]

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 (a) (i) pV = nRT (1)
5
(ii) Moles ethanol = n = 1.36/46 (=0.0296 mol) (1)

V = nRT/p = (1)

if V = p/nRT lose M3 and M4

= 8.996 × 10–4 (m3) (1)

= 899 (900) cm3 (1) range = 895 – 905
If final answer = 0.899 award (2 + M1); if = 0.899 dm3 or if = 912
award (3 + M1)
Note: If 1.36 or 46 or 46/1.36 used as number of moles (n) then M2
and M4 not available
Note: If pressure = 100 then, unless answer = 0.899 dm3, deduct
M3 and mark consequentially
5

(b) (i) Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 (1)

(ii) Moles NH3 =

(=0.0155 mol) (1)

Number of molecules of NH3 = 0.0155 × 6.02 × 1023 (1)

[mark conseq] = 9.31 × 1021 (1)

[range 9.2 × 1021 to 9.4 × 1021]
Conseq (min 2 sig fig)
4

(c) Moles NaCl = 800/58.5 (= 13.68) (1)

Moles of NaHCO3 = 13.68 (1)

Moles of Na2CO3 = 13.68/2 = 6.84 (1)

Mass of Na2CO3 = 6.84 × 106 = 725 g (1) [range = 724 – 727]

[1450 g (range 1448 – 1454) is worth 3 marks]

Accept valid calculation method, e.g. reacting masses or
calculations via the mass of sodium present. Also, candidates may
deduce a direct 2:1 ratio for NaCl:Na2CO3
4
[13]

(a) (i) (Free-) radical substitution

6
Both underlined words are required
Penalise a correct answer if contradicted by an additional answer
1

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 (ii) Initiation
F2 2F•
Penalise absence of dot once only

First propagation
F• + CH 3F •CH 2F + HF
Penalise + or − charges every time

Second propagation
F2 + •CH 2F CH2F2 + F•
Accept dot anywhere on CH2F radical
Mark independently

Termination (must make 1,2-difluoroethane)

2 •CH 2F CH2FCH2F
Use of half-headed arrows must be correct to score, but if not
correct then penalise once only in this clip
4

(iii) CH3 CH3 + 5F2 CF3CHF2 + 5HF

(C2H6) (C2HF5)
1

(b) 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane
Accept phonetic spelling eg “fluro, cloro”
Penalise “flouro” and “floro”, since QoL

OR

1,2,2,2-tetrachloro-1,1-difluoroethane
Ignore commas and hyphens
1

(c) (i) 2O3 3O2

ONLY this equation or a multiple
Ignore NO over the arrow
Other species must be cancelled
1

(ii) O + NO2 NO + O2
ONLY this answer and NOT multiples
Ignore any radical dot on the O atom
1
[9]

C
7
[1]

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 B
8
[1]

C
9
[1]

A
10
[1]

B
11
[1]

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