Q1.

This question is about oxygen atoms. The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you
to answer this question.

(a)     (i)      Oxygen atoms have 8 electrons.

         Complete the diagram to represent the arrangement of electrons in an oxygen

atom.
Use crosses (×) to represent the electrons.

                                             
(1)

(ii)     Name the part of the oxygen atom that is labelled A on the diagram.

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(1)

(b)     Two isotopes of oxygen are oxygen-16 and oxygen-18.

16                                  18
     O                            O
              8                                    8

                oxygen-16                     oxygen-18

                                                                      

          Explain, in terms of particles, how the nucleus of an oxygen-18 atom is different
from the nucleus of an oxygen-16 atom.

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___________________________________________________________________

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(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q2.
In 1866 John Newlands produced an early version of the periodic table.

Part of Newlands’ periodic table is shown below.

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Column 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

  H Li Be B C N O

  F Na Mg Al Si P S

  Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe

Newlands’ periodic table arranged all the known elements into columns in order of their
atomic weight.

Newlands was trying to show a pattern by putting the elements into columns.

(a)     Iron (Fe) does not fit the pattern in column 7.

Give a reason why.

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___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)     In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev produced his version of the periodic table.

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps for undiscovered elements in his periodic table?

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___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)     Newlands and Mendeleev placed the elements in order of atomic weight.

Complete the sentence.

The modern periodic table places the elements in order of

______________________ .
(1)

(d)     Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in Group 1 of the modern periodic table.

Explain why.

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(2)
(Total 5 marks)

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Q3.
  The diagrams show the electronic structure of four different atoms.

Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.

(a)      Name the two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.

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(1)

(b)     Why is there no overall electrical charge on each atom?

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___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)     Why is Atom A unreactive?

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(1)

(d)     Which two of these atoms have similar chemical properties?

Give a reason for your answer.

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(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q4.
The diagram shows an electric light bulb.

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          When electricity is passed through the tungsten filament it gets very hot and gives out
light.

(a)     What reaction would take place if the hot tungsten was surrounded by air?

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)     State why argon is used in the light bulb. Explain your answer in terms of the
electronic structure of an argon atom.

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(3)
(Total 4 marks)

Q5.
Use the Periodic Table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

(a)     State one similarity and one difference in the electronic structure of the elements:

(i)      across the Period from sodium to argon;

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 (2)

(ii)     down Group 7 from fluorine to astatine.

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(2)

(b)     (i)      State the trend in reactivity of the Group 1 elements.

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(1)

(ii)     Explain this trend in terms of atomic structure.

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(3)

(c)     Hydrogen is an element which is difficult to fit into a suitable position in the Periodic
Table. Give reasons why hydrogen could be placed in either Group 1 or Group 7.

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(3)
(Total 11 marks)

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Mark schemes

Q1.
(a)     (i)     

                 or         

1
allow any arrangement of electrons on the shells
accept o, x, - or e as representing electrons

(ii)     nucleus
accept nucleus (protons plus neutrons)
do not accept protons plus neutrons on its own
allow nuclei / nucles / neucleus / phonetic spelling
do not accept neutron
1

(b)     it has 2 more neutrons or converse

accept ‘it has more neutrons’ or ‘different number of
neutrons’ for 1 mark
‘2 more protons / electrons + correct number of neutrons’ =
max 1 mark

          or

          O-16 has 8 neutrons (1 mark)(*)

          O-18 has 10 neutrons (1 mark)(*)

(*)if incorrectly calculated but shows more neutrons in 0-18
allow for 1 mark
accept it has more particles
or
it has 2 more particles for 1 mark
ignore any reference to charges
just 2 more without reference to particles = 0 marks
2
[4]

Q2.
(a)     (iron) is a metal
accept transition element

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 allow (iron) had different properties (to oxygen and sulfur)
ignore electrons
1

(b)     so that elements with similar properties could be placed together
allow to make the pattern fit
ignore undiscovered elements
1

(c)     atomic number(s)

allow proton number(s)
1

(d)     all have one electron in the outer shell (highest energy level)
allow same number of electrons in the outer shell (highest
energy level)
1

(so they) have similar properties

or
react in the same way
allow specific reactions e.g. with water
1
[5]

Q3.
(a)     protons (and) neutrons
both needed for 1 mark
ignore p / + and n / 0
do not accept electrons
1

(b)     because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

allow protons and electrons balance / cancel out
allow positive / + and negative / - balance / cancel out
1

(c)     it = atom A

because atom A has a full highest energy level or full outer shell
allow all the shells are full or no incomplete shell

or because atom A has a stable arrangement of electrons

allow because atom A is in Group 0 / a noble gas
1

(d)     (atom) B / lithium / Li (and)

(atom) C / sodium / Na
both needed for 1 mark
1

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 because they have the same number/one outer electron(s)
linked to answer for first mark
accept because both need to lose one / an electron
allow because (atoms) B and C are in Group 1 / the same
group / are alkali metals
1
[5]

Q4.
(a)     react with oxygen / oxidise / burn in oxygen / burning / combustion or
tungsten to tungsten oxide or makes an oxide
key idea is oxidation
ignore breaking ignore fire / flames / exothermic
ignore react with air
1

(b)     it is (very) unreactive / not reactive / inert / does not react with tungsten
or it is a noble gas or it is in group 0 or 8 or 18
do not accept unreactive / inert metal or argon is not very
reactive
1

          full outer shell (of electrons) / 8 electrons in outer shell

1

          does not need to gain / lose / swap / transfer / share electrons or does not need to
form bonds
does not bond ionically / covalently
1
 [4]

Q5.
(a)     (i)      same number of shells/2 full shells/3 shells/same number
of energy levels
any 1 for 1 mark

         increasing number of electrons/different number of electrons/

number of electrons same as group
number
(if electrons not specifically mentioned assume they are
referring to electrons)
any 1 for 1 mark
2

(ii)     all have 7 electrons in outer shell/same number in outer shell/

each has one electron missing from outer shell
each can accept one electron
any 1 for 1 mark

         number of shells/energy levels increases

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 increasing number of electrons
any 1 for 1 mark
2

(b)     (i)      increases down group/decreases up

for 1 mark
1

(ii)     down group atoms get bigger/larger/have more shells/

more energy levels
for 1 mark

         electrons further away from nucleus/more

shielding down group
for 1 mark

         outer electron more easily lost/less

firmly held
for 1 mark
3

(c)     H+ or has positive ions/one electron in outer shell/can lose

one electron/H+ ions discharged at negative electrode (max 2)
covalent bonds or compounds/forms diatomic mols. or example/
ability to form H- ions/non-conductor/
low Mt.Pt or low B.P. (max 2)
(overall max 3)
3
[11]

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