2/12/22, 11:35 PM Joints V.

Flat trusses with hollow structural sections

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Joints
V. Flat trusses with hollow structural sections

The Joints V. Flat trusses with hollow structural sections module

for CYPECAD, its
Integrated
3D structures and CYPE 3D, carries out
an automatic analysis and design of
coplanar hollow structural section connections,
like those which are usually provided in
flat trusses. Even though the first version
of the module only includes welded
connections with circular sections, more features
will be incorporated including bolted
connections, rectangular and square hollow sections,
channels welded in a box and the
necessary combinations for this type of structures.

More information on the types of joints that can be designed and the codes
that can be
applied can be found at: Types of implemented connections
for flat trusses with hollow
structural sections and Implemented
design codes for the design of flat trusses with
hollow structural sections.

INDEX
Implemented design codes for the design of flat trusses with hollow
structural sections
Steel code
Bolt series
Types of implemented connections for flat trusses with hollow
structural sections
Joint design of flat trusses with hollow structural sections
Combinations of different types of hollow sections in the same joint
Joint consultation of flat trusses with hollow structural sections
CYPECAD and CYPE 3D modules

Implemented design codes for the design of flat trusses with hollow structural
sections
Steel code
The following codes have been implemented in CYPECAD, CYPE 3D and Integrated 3D structures of CYPECAD for the design
of flat trusses with hollow structural sections:

ABNT NBR 8800 (Brazil)

ABNT NBR 8800:2008 (Brazil)

ANSI/AISC 360-05 (LRFD) (USA - International)

ANSI/AISC 360-10 (LRFD) (USA - International)

CTE DB SE-A (Spain)

EAE (Spain)

Eurocode 3 EN 1993-1-8:2005 (General Document)

Eurocode 3 NF EN 1993-1-8/NA:2007-07 (With National Application Document for France)

Eurocode 3 NP EN 1993-1-8:2005/NA:2010 (With National Application Document for Portugal)

Eurocode 3 UNI EN 1993-1-8:2005 (General Document adapted to Italy)

IS 800:2007 (India)

NTC: 14-01-2008 (Italy)

The corrections carried out by the European Committee for Standardization on Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-8:2005 / AC:2009)
have also been implemented.

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Bolt series
The available bolt series, depends on the steel code used for the design. These are indicated in the table below:

Prestressed Ordinary bolt

Steel codes
bolt series series

ASTM A307
ASTM A325
ABNT NBR 8800 (Brazil)
ASTM A490
ASTM A325 M
ABNT NBR 8800:2008 (Brazil)
ASTM A490 M
ISO 4016 ASTM A325
ASTM A490
ASTM A325 M
ASTM A490 M
ASTM A307
ANSI/AISC 360-05 (LRFD) (USA - International) ASTM A325
ASTM A490
ANSI/AISC 360-10 (LRFD) (USA - International) ASTM A325 M
ASTM A490 M

CTE DB SE-A (Spain)

EAE (Spain)
Eurocode 3 EN 1993-1-8:2005 (General Document)
Eurocode 3 NF EN 1993-1-8/NA:2007-07 (With NAD for ISO 7411
France) ISO 7412
Eurocode 3 NP EN 1993-1-8:2005/NA:2010 (With NAD for EN 14399-3, HR System
Portugal) EN 14399-4, HV System
Eurocode 3 UNI EN 1993-1-8:2005 (General Document adapted ISO 4014
to Italy) ISO 4017
NTC: 14-01-2008 (Italy)

ISO 7411
IS 800:2007 (India)
ISO 7412

Types of implemented connections for flat trusses with hollow structural sections
Bearing in mind the geometric shape of the bars at the node, the implemented joints belonging
to flat trusses with hollow
structural sections are displayed below:

Y node
(1)  T node
(1)  X node
(1) 

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Double Y node
(1)  Gapped K node
(1)  Overlapped K node
(1) 

Gapped N node
(1)  Overlapped N node
(1)  Gapped KT node
(1) 

Overlapped KT node
(1)  Overlapped double K node
(1) 
Gapped double K node
(1) 

Knee joint without diagonal Knee joint with diagonal L node

(1) 
(The diameter of the diagonal has to be less
than or equal to the diameter of the chord)
(1) 

Gapped KT node
(1)  Overlapped KT node
(1)  Splice connection, using bolted front plate
without stiffeners, of two aligned hollow
circular sections with the same external
diameter
(2) 

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Splice connection, using bolted front plate Splice connection, using bolted front plate
with stiffeners, of two aligned hollow without stiffeners, of two aligned RHS of the
circular sections with the same external same type and identical dimensions
(3) 
diameter
(2) 

(1)If the chord of the truss consists of rectangular hollow sections (or square or two channels welded in a box), the
diagonals and vertical bars can be circular, rectangular or square hollow sections, or double rolled channel. If the chord
consists of circular hollow sections, the diagonals and vertical bars of the truss must also be circular hollow sections.

(2)The program automatically trims the plates transforming them into a circular crown whose dimensions depend on the
sections which are going to be joined.

(3) In this splice connection, only two columns of bolts are provided along the longest sides of the sections to join.

Joint design of flat trusses with hollow structural sections

Besides all the resistance checks indicated by the codes, the program also analyses
and represents the edge preparation of
the tube ends to be able to weld the sections correctly.

The tubes must consist of welded sections, with the additional condition that the bar acting
as the truss chord must be a
continuous bar, in the case of an intermediate node.

The geometric and resistance checks carried out are detailed below:

For circular hollow sections

Geometric checks carried out on joints with circular hollow sections
For the chords
Maximum elastic limit

Ratio between the chord diameter and thickness

Section class (for chords in compression)

Minimum and maximum chord thickness

For the remaining bars

Maximum elastic limit

Ratio between the bar diameter and thickness

Section class (for bars in compression)

Minimum and maximum bar thickness

Minimum angle between the chord and remaining bars

Ratio between the truss bars and chord diameter

Minimum gaps between truss bars

Minimum overlaps between truss bars

Resistance checks carried out on joints with circular hollow sections

Plastification of the chord surface

Punching shear of the chord surface

Interaction between axial force and bending moments

Interaction between axial force and shear force of the chord

Shear force at the chord surface in the case of overlapped bars

The overlapped bar is checked as being the chord of the overlapping bar (for overlaps
greater than
the limiting overlap indicated in the code)

Local plastification of the overlapping bar

For rectangular hollow sections, square hollow sections and two channels welded
in a box
Geometric checks carried out on joints with rectangular hollow section chords
For the chords

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Maximum elastic limit

Section class

Minimum and maximum chord thickness

Ratio between the width and depth of the bar

Ratio between the width and thickness of

the bar

Ratio between the depth and thickness of the bar

For the remaining bars

Maximum elastic limit

Section class (for bars in compression)

Minimum and maximum bar thickness

Minimum angle between the chord and remaining bars

Ratio between the width and depth of

the bar

Ratio between the with and thickness of the bar

Ratio between the depth and the thickness

of the bar

Ratio between the width of the remaining bars and the width of the chord

Minimum spacing
between the remaining bars

Minimum overlaps between truss bars

Ratio between the width of the overlapping bar and

the width of the overlapped bar

Resistance checks carried out on joints with rectangular

hollow section chords
Plastification of the chord surface

Failure of the lateral surface of the chord

Local failure of the remaining bars considering

their effective width

Punching shear of the chord surface

Interaction between axial force and bending moments

Interaction between axial force and

shear force of the chord

Shear force at the chord surface in the case of overlapped bars

The overlapped bar is

checked as being the chord of the overlapping bar (for overlaps greater than
the
limiting overlap indicated in the code)

Failure due to distortion in T-Y nodes for bending moments

outside the plane of the truss

Welds are designed so they have at least the same resistance as the bars that are being joined.

Combinations of different types of hollow sections in the same joint

The different types of sections resolved by the Joints V module can be combined in the
same joint, ensuring the rules
described below are followed:

If the sections making up the truss chords are rectangular hollow sections, square
hollow sections or two channels
welded in a box; the diagonals and vertical bars can
be combined at the joint with any type of hollow section that
has been implemented
(circular hollow section, rectangular hollow section, square hollow section or two
channels
welded in a box).

f the sections making up the truss chords are circular hollow sections, the diagonals
and vertical bars must also be
circular hollow sections.

Joint consultation of flat trusses with hollow structural sections

Those joints that have been designed by the program may be consulted after the analysis.

CYPECAD and CYPE 3D place different coloured circles at the nodes to indicate if all,
some or none of  the connections of
the node have been designed.

By moving the cursor close to a node containing joints that have been designed, an information
box appears indicating the
joint types associated to that node. Upon clicking on it, a dialogue
containing three tabs appears. These tabs contain the
following information:

The construction details of the joints that have been resolved

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A report displaying the checks carried out on the joints and their takeoff

Real 3D views of the nodes. Users can obtain a real 3D view (conical projection or isometric
projection) of each
node with all the connections that have been designed by the program.
Elements making up the joint (bars, end
plates, welds) are displayed in different colours.
Users may also freely rotate and amplify the 3D views. These
properties provide great
help in understanding the assembly composition of the node.

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CYPECAD and CYPE 3D modules

CYPE 3D modules:

Timber sections

Aluminium and generic sections

CYPECAD modules:

Steel columns

Steel beams

Joist floor slabs (generic concrete joists)

Joist floor slabs (in-situ, precast and steel)

Timber joist floor slabs

Waffle slabs

Flat slabs

Punching shear verification (Also operates as an independent program)

Composite slabs

Hollow core slabs

Post-tensioned concrete slabs for buildings

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Shear walls

Reinforced concrete walls

Plane stress walls

Stairs

Mat foundations and foundation beams

Concrete block walls

Interaction of the structure with the construction elements

Automatic job introduction: DXF, DWG and CAD/BIM models

Collective protection systems

Modules common to CYPECAD and CYPE 3D:

Concrete columns

Composite steel and concrete columns

Concrete beams

Timber sections

Pile caps (includes strap and tie beams)

Baseplates

Footings (pad and strip) (includes strap and tie beams)

Advanced design of surface foundations

Fire resistance check

Parallel analysis with two multiprocessors

Parallel analysis with up to eight processors

Joints I. Welded. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections

Joints II. Bolted. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections

Joints III. Welded. Building frames with rolled and welded steel I sections

Joints IV. Bolted. Building frames with rolled and welded steel I sections

Joints V. Flat trusses with hollow structural sections

Export to Tekla

Export to in CIS/2 format

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