TS4300 Tape Library

Front cover
IBM Tape Library Guide for

Open Systems
Robert Beiderbeck
Khanh Ngo
Jesus Eduardo Cervantes Rolon
Jeremy Tudgay
Fabian Corona Villarreal
Larry Coyne
Redbooks
International Technical Support Organization
IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems
July 2021
SG24-5946-16
Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on
page xi.
Seventeenth Edition (July 2021)
© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2000, 2021. All rights reserved.
Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule
Contract with IBM Corp.
Contents
Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Now you can become a published author, too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Comments welcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Stay connected to IBM Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Summary of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

July 2021, Seventeenth Edition (minor update) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
March 2020, Seventeenth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
November 2018, Sixteenth Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
March 2018, Fifteenth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
August 2017, Fourteenth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
August 2016, Thirteenth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
January 2016, Twelfth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
February 2015, Eleventh Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
June 2013, Tenth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
June 2012, Ninth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
June 2011, Eighth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
September 2008, Seventh Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
October 2007, Sixth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii
April 2007, Fifth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii
September 2005, Fourth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii
June 2004, Third Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
June 2003, Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
November 2000, First Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Part 1. Tape basics of open systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1. Tape technology introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Tape products and technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1 Recording technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 Tape reels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3 Quarter-inch cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.4 Digital Data Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.5 The 8 mm format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.6 SuperDLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.7 IBM 3850. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.8 IBM 3480. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2.9 IBM 3490. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2.10 IBM 3590. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.11 LTO Ultrium tape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.2.12 IBM TS1100 tape drive family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2.13 Rack-mount option for TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 models . . . . . . 22
1.2.14 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3 Tape solutions in a SAN environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. iii

1.3.1 Sharing tape devices in a SAN environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.4 IBM Spectrum Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4.1 Key capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4.2 Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.5 IBM Spectrum Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.5.1 Key capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5.2 Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5.3 IBM Linear Tape File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5.4 IBM Spectrum Archive editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.6 IBM Tape System Library Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Chapter 2. Overview of IBM LTO Ultrium tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

2.1 The LTO organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.1.2 LTO standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.1.3 Data compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.1.4 Tape cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.1.5 IBM LTO Ultrium common subassembly drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.2 Tape encryption overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.2.1 IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.2.2 Encryption methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.2.3 LTO Ultrium tape encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.3 IBM LTO Ultrium highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.3.1 IBM LTO Ultrium compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.3.2 LTO performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.3.3 Reliability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.4 IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.1 The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
2.7 IBM LTO Ultrium family of tape drives and libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.7.1 Multipath architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.7.2 Next-generation multipath architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Chapter 3. IBM TS1100 tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

3.1 IBM TS1100 tape drive family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3.1.1 1 TB and beyond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3.1.2 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.2 Common characteristics of the 3592 tape drive family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.2.1 Technology enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.2.2 Recording format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.2.3 Reliability and availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.2.4 Features that are designed for capacity and performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.2.5 Performance or capacity scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.3 Physical attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3.3.1 Multiple Fibre Channel ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.3.2 Supported topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.3.3 Ethernet drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3.4 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.4.1 3592 media cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
3.4.2 WORM functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
iv IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

3.4.3 Tape encryption for TS1100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.4.4 Rack-mount option for TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 models . . . . . . 117
3.5 IBM TS1160 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.5.1 Physical attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.5.2 TS1160 physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.5.3 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.5.4 Capacity and performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
3.5.5 Access performance specifications and drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.5.6 Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.5.7 IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.5.8 Data safe mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.5.9 Upgrade considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.5.10 Firmware updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.5.11 RAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.5.12 Improved media Statistical Analysis and Reporting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.5.13 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.6 IBM TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.6.2 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3.6.5 Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.6.7 Data safe mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.6.8 Enhanced Ethernet support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.6.9 TS1155 and TS1150 physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.6.10 Upgrade considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
3.6.12 RAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
3.6.13 Improved media SARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
3.6.14 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
3.7 IBM TS1140 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
3.7.2 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
3.7.5 Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
3.7.7 Data safe mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
3.7.8 Enhanced Ethernet support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
3.7.9 TS1140 physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
3.7.10 Upgrade considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3.7.12 RAS features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
3.7.13 Improved media SARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
3.7.14 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
3.7.15 Tracking data that is written . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chapter 4. IBM TS2280 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

4.1 Product description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4.2 Half-High Ultrium 8 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
4.2.1 Platform support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.2.2 Performance highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Contents v
4.3 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
4.3.1 Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
4.3.2 Write Once Read Many cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
4.3.3 Cleaning cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.3.4 Cartridge memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.4 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.5 IBM Spectrum Archive and Linear Tape File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.6.1 Serial-attached SCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.7 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4.7.1 Physical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4.7.2 Power specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4.8 Feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

5.3 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
5.3.1 Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5.4 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5.7 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5.8 Feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

6.3 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
6.3.1 Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
6.4 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
6.5 IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
6.7 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
6.8 Feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

vi IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

7.2 Full-High Ultrium 6 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
7.3 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
7.3.1 Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
7.3.4 Cartridge memory (LTO-CM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
7.4 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
7.7 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
7.8 Feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Part 2. IBM tape libraries for open systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Chapter 8. IBM TS2900 tape autoloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

8.2 TS2900 tape autoloader components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
8.2.1 Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8.2.2 Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
8.2.3 Bar code reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
8.2.4 Cartridge storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
8.3 IBM LTO Ultrium Half-High tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8.3.1 LTO-8 Half-High tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8.3.2 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8.3.3 IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
8.3.4 Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.4 Physical attachments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.4.1 SAS interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.5 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.5.1 Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.5.4 Cartridge Memory chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
8.6 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
8.7 Feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Chapter 9. IBM TS4300 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

9.1.1 TS4300 tape library Model L3A (Machine Type 3555) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
9.1.2 TS4300 tape library Model E3A (Machine Type 3555) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
9.2 Library expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
9.3 Front panel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
9.3.1 I/O station and magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
9.3.2 Access door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
9.3.3 Operator control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
9.3.4 Power button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
9.3.5 Front panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Contents vii
9.4 Rear panel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
9.4.1 Library Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
9.4.2 Tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
9.4.3 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
9.5 Interior components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
9.5.1 Storage columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
9.5.2 Robotic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9.6 Optional features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9.6.1 IBM Ultrium tape drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9.6.2 Redundant power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
9.6.3 Rack mounting kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
9.6.4 Feature code previews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9.7 Library management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9.7.1 Operator Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
9.7.2 Web user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
9.7.3 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
9.7.4 Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
9.8 Multipath architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
9.8.1 Using multiple control paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
9.8.2 Using multiple control paths for Control Path Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
9.8.3 Using multiple data paths for Data Path Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
9.9 Working with logical libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
9.10 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
9.10.1 Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
9.10.2 Cleaning cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
9.10.3 Cartridge memory chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.11 Supported environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.11.1 Supported storage software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.12 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.12.1 Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.12.2 Physical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
9.12.3 Operating environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
9.13 Feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
9.13.1 Power cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
9.13.2 Fibre Channel cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
9.13.3 SAS cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
9.13.4 Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Chapter 10. IBM TS4500 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

10.1 Overview of the IBM TS4500 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
10.2 TS4500 product description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
10.2.1 TS4500 tape library frames for IBM LTO Ultrium Fibre Channel drives . . . . . . 267
10.2.2 TS4500 tape library frames for IBM 3592 Fibre Channel drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
10.2.3 TS4500 tape library storage-only HD frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
10.2.4 TS4500 High Availability (HA) option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
10.2.5 External TSSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
10.2.6 TS4500 tape library top rack frame TR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Part 3. Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Appendix A. Data storage values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Appendix B. IBM LTO Ultrium and 3592 media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Features available with the initial IBM hardware order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
viii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

IBM stand-alone tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
IBM TS2900 tape autoloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
IBM TS3100 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
IBM 3589 LTO Ultrium tape cartridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Cartridge compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Model description and ordering media supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Bar code labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
IBM 3599 tape cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Model description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Labeling service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Ordering bar code labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Appendix C. IBM tape product names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

TS series family names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
TS1000 tape drives (LTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
TS1100 tape drives (Enterprise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
TS2000 tape enclosures (LTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
TS2900 tape autoloader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
TS4300 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
TS4500 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Appendix D. IBM Fibre Channel storage area network product portfolio . . . . . . . . . 315
Classification of IBM SAN products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
SAN Fibre Channel networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Entry SAN switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
IBM System Storage SAN24B-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
IBM System Storage SAN24B-4 Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Cisco MDS 9132T 32G Fabric Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Midrange SAN switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Cisco MDS 9396S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
IBM System Networking SAN128B-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
IBM System Networking SAN96B-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
IBM Storage Networking SAN64B-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Cisco MDS 9148S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch for IBM System Storage. . . . . . . . . . 326
Enterprise SAN directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
IBM Storage Networking SAN512B-6 and SAN256B-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Cisco MDS 9718 Multilayer Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
IBM System Storage SAN384B-2 and SAN768B-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Cisco MDS 9706 Multilayer Director for IBM System Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Extension switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
IBM System Storage SAN42B-R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
IBM System Storage SAN06B-R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Related publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

IBM Redbooks publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Contents ix
Other publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Online resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Help from IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
x IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Notices
This information was developed for products and services offered in the US. This material might be available
from IBM in other languages. However, you may be required to own a copy of the product or product version
in that language in order to access it.
IBM may not offer the products, services, or features discussed in this document in other countries. Consult
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IBM may use or distribute any of the information you provide in any way it believes appropriate without
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The performance data and client examples cited are presented for illustrative purposes only. Actual
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Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of those products, their published
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COPYRIGHT LICENSE:
This information contains sample application programs in source language, which illustrate programming
techniques on various operating platforms. You may copy, modify, and distribute these sample programs in
any form without payment to IBM, for the purposes of developing, using, marketing or distributing application
programs conforming to the application programming interface for the operating platform for which the sample
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cannot guarantee or imply reliability, serviceability, or function of these programs. The sample programs are
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© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. xi

Trademarks
IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines
Corporation, registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be
trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the web at “Copyright
and trademark information” at http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml
The following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation,
and might also be trademarks or registered trademarks in other countries.
AIX® IBM Z® System i™
DB2® IBM z Systems® System Storage™
FICON® Magstar™ Tivoli®
IBM® OS/400® TotalStorage™
IBM Elastic Storage® ProtecTIER® z Systems®
IBM Research™ Redbooks® z/OS®
IBM Spectrum® Redbooks (logo) ® zEnterprise®
IBM Spectrum Storage™ RS/6000™
The following terms are trademarks of other companies:
SoftLayer, are trademarks or registered trademarks of SoftLayer, Inc., an IBM Company.
Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside logo, and Intel Centrino logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel
Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.
The registered trademark Linux® is used pursuant to a sublicense from the Linux Foundation, the exclusive
licensee of Linus Torvalds, owner of the mark on a worldwide basis.
Linear Tape-Open, LTO, Ultrium, the LTO Logo and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and
Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.
Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States,
other countries, or both.
Java, and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its
affiliates.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
xii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Preface
This IBM® Redbooks® publication presents a general introduction to the latest (current) IBM
tape and tape library technologies. Featured tape technologies include the IBM LTO Ultrium
and Enterprise 3592 tape drives, and their implementation in IBM tape libraries.
This 17th edition includes information about the latest TS4300 Ultrium tape library, TS1155
Enterprise tape drive, and the IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium 8 tape drive, along with
technical information about each IBM tape product for open systems. It includes generalized
sections about Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) and Fibre Channel connections, and
multipath architecture configurations.
This book also covers tools and techniques for library management. It is intended for anyone
who wants to understand more about IBM tape products and their implementation. It is
suitable for IBM clients, IBM Business Partners, IBM specialist sales representatives, and
technical specialists. If you do not have a background in computer tape storage products, you
might need to read other sources of information. In the interest of being concise, topics that
are generally understood are not covered in detail.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. xiii

Authors
This book was produced by a team of specialists from around the world working with the IBM
Tucson Development Lab.
Robert Beiderbeck is an IBM Senior Accredited Specialist for

Product Service profession and works as a Team Leader for
the EMEA RMSS Product Field Engineering (PFE) group in
Germany. He joined IBM in 1989 as a Customer Service
Representative for Mainframe (IBM z Systems®) and worked
later in the z Systems Hardware Support Center, responsible
for Server, ESCON, and IBM FICON® Switches and
Infrastructure. Robert then became a Storage Specialist for
Tape Libraries, VTS, and Drives in the field before he joined
second-level support in 2002. His areas of expertise include
Enterprise Tape Systems, such as TS7700, TS3500, 3494,
VTS (P2P), and 3590/3592 Drives and Control Units.
Khanh Ngo is an IBM Senior Technical Staff Member and

Master Inventor in Tucson, Arizona. Khanh is the Tape Storage
Test Architect which includes IBM Spectrum® Archive
Development. He sets test strategies, designs tests, tests
solutions, and creates customer solutions for the tape drive,
tape library, and IBM Spectrum Archive product lines. He joined
IBM in 2000 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical
Engineering and a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.
Later, he received a Master of Science degree in Engineering
Management. Because of his design and implementation work
with many IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition (EE)
customers across multiple industries worldwide, Khanh is often
sought out for his expertise to lead, execute, and successfully
complete proof of concepts and custom engineering solutions
integrating IBM Spectrum Archive EE into customers’
production environments.
Jesus Eduardo Cervantes Rolon is an IBM Software Test

Engineer in Guadalajara, Mexico. He holds a bachelor’s degree
in Electronics and Computers Engineering from CETI (Mexico)
and he is a certified ISTQB FL Tester. He has been with IBM
since 2012. During the last 7 years, he has been collaborating
with the IBM next generation of storage management systems,
the IBM TS4500 tape library in the Product Test area (focused
in Functional Verification Test) where he has served as the
team leader for the last 3 years.
xiv IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Jeremy Tudgay is an IBM Senior Technical Support Specialist
and works as a Subject Matter Expert (SME) for IBM’s Tape
Storage business. He joined IBM in 1986 as a Customer
Service Representative for ATM’s and Office Products, and
following that worked as a System Service Representative
(SSR) for mid-range systems (IBM RS/6000™ and AS/400).
Since 2003 Jeremy has been dedicated to providing technical
support on IBM Tape Libraries and Tape Drives. Initially this
was in the field, before he became a remote technical
specialist. His areas of expertise include all Open Systems
Tape Products, and in particular the TS3500 and TS4500. Prior
to joining IBM Jeremy completed a mechanical engineering
apprenticeship. In his spare time, he is restoring a 1972 Ford
Tractor.
Fabian Corona Villarreal is a Test Engineer for the IBM

Mexico Software Lab, he joined IBM in 2004 and he's being
involved in multiple test projects since then. He started working
on Storage products in 2010 when he joined the IBM
ProtecTIER® team, there, he served as a test engineer, project
leader and team leader during the different releases of the
product. In 2014 he moved to the physical tapes area as the
RAS team lead for the 3584, 3576, 3573, 3572 ad 3555 tape
libraries. Fabian holds a bachelor's degree in Computer
Science from the Universidad de Guadalajara, and he is a
certified ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager.
Larry Coyne is a Project Leader at the IBM International

Technical Support Organization, Tucson, Arizona, center. He
has over 35 years of IBM experience, with 23 years in IBM
storage software management. He holds degrees in Software
Engineering from the University of Texas at El Paso and Project
Management from George Washington University. His areas of
expertise include client relationship management, quality
assurance, development management, and support
management for IBM storage management software.
Special thanks to Michael Engelbrecht and Simon Browne.
Preface xv
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xvi IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Summary of changes
This section describes the technical changes that were made in this edition of the book. This
edition might also include minor corrections and editorial changes that are not identified
below.
July 2021, Seventeenth Edition (minor update)

This revision reflects the addition, deletion, or modification of new and changed information.
Changed information
This book includes the following changed information:
򐂰 Updated IBM Spectrum Scale icon in 1.4, “IBM Spectrum Scale” on page 27.
򐂰 Updated IBM Spectrum Archive icon in 1.5, “IBM Spectrum Archive” on page 28.
򐂰 Updated 3.5, “IBM TS1160 tape drive” on page 118 with Streaming Lossless Data
Compression (SLDC).
March 2020, Seventeenth Edition

Changed information
򐂰 TS4500 R6
򐂰 TS4300
򐂰 Removed chapters with withdrawn from marketing tape libraries
November 2018, Sixteenth Edition

New information
The book includes the following new information:
򐂰 TS1160 60G
Changed information
򐂰 TS4300 R2
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. xvii

March 2018, Fifteenth Edition
New information
򐂰 “M8 format” on page 65 for the new LTO 8 Type M cartridge (M8)
򐂰 Chapter 2.4, “IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drives” on page 71 for the new LTO 8 tape drive
򐂰 Chapter 3.6, “IBM TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive” on page 134 for the new TS1155 55G
model tape drive
򐂰 Chapter 4, “IBM TS2280 tape drive” on page 167
򐂰 Chapter 9, “IBM TS4300 tape library” on page 223 for enhancements to the TS4300
August 2017, Fourteenth Edition

New information
򐂰 “IBM TS4300 tape library” on page 223 for the new TS4300 tape library
򐂰 “IBM TS1100 tape drives” on page 95for the new TS1155 tape drive
򐂰 Appendix D, “IBM Fibre Channel storage area network product portfolio” on page 315 for
IBM SAN b-type switch updates and added “SAN best practices for tape” on page 26
August 2016, Thirteenth Edition

New information
򐂰 IBM TS4500 tape library enhancements
򐂰 IBM TS7650G ProtecTIER model 3958-DD6
Changed information
򐂰 IBM TS7600 ProtecTIER Systems
January 2016, Twelfth Edition

New information
򐂰 IBM TS2270 Ultrium 7 tape drive
򐂰 IBM TS4500 tape library enhancements
xviii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

򐂰 Ultrium 7 tape drive updates for IBM tape libraries
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Scale and IBM Spectrum Archive
Changed information
򐂰 IBM TS2900 tape autoloader
򐂰 IBM TS3100 tape library
February 2015, Eleventh Edition

New information
򐂰 IBM TS1150 tape drive (3592 Model E08)
򐂰 IBM TS2260 tape drive update for optional USB 3.0 port
򐂰 TS1150 tape drive updates for IBM tape libraries
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System Enterprise Edition (LTFS EE)
Changed information
򐂰 IBM TS1150 tape drive (Model 3592 EH8)
June 2013, Tenth Edition

New information
򐂰 IBM TS2260 LTO-6 tape drive
򐂰 IBM TS2360 LTO-6 tape drive
򐂰 LTO-6 tape drive updates for IBM tape libraries
򐂰 Tape Systems Library Manager (TSLM)
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System expanded installation and support information updated in a
Redbooks publication: Linear Tape File System: Installation and Configuration,
SG24-8090
Summary of changes xix

Changed information
򐂰 IBM TS2260 tape drive
򐂰 Removed IBM TS3400 tape library
򐂰 IBM Library Management
June 2012, Ninth Edition

New information
򐂰 IBM TS3500 tape library shuttle complex (Model SC1)
򐂰 High Performance Storage System (HPSS)
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System Single Drive Edition (LTFS SDE) expanded installation
information
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System Library Edition (LTFS LE)
򐂰 LTO-5 tape drive updates for tape libraries
Changed information
xx IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

June 2011, Eighth Edition
New information
򐂰 ALMS required to support LTO-5 tape drives
򐂰 FC 1700 and FC 1701 required for LTO-5 support in Models L32/D32, L52/D52
򐂰 HA/HD mixed media configuration
򐂰 Linear Tape File System (LTFS)
򐂰 LTO-5 tape drives
򐂰 LTO-5 Bridge Boxes
򐂰 LTO-5 tape drives dual ported 8 Gbps Fibre Channel interface
򐂰 TS1050 (3588 F5A)
Changed information
򐂰 TS2250
򐂰 TS2900
򐂰 TS3100
򐂰 TS3200
򐂰 TS3310
򐂰 TS3500
September 2008, Seventh Edition

New information
򐂰 TS1130 tape drive
򐂰 TS2900 tape autoloader
򐂰 TS3310 Advanced Reporting
򐂰 IPV6 Protocol
򐂰 ITDT Graphical Edition
򐂰 TS3500 High Density
Changed information
򐂰 TS3100
򐂰 TS3200
򐂰 TS3310
򐂰 TS3400
򐂰 TS3500
򐂰 IBM Tivoli® Productivity Center Version 3.3
򐂰 Library management
Summary of changes xxi

October 2007, Sixth Edition
This revision reflects the addition, deletion, or modification of the following new and changed
information.
New information
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape-Open Ultrium 4 tape drive
򐂰 Tape encryption
Changed information
The book includes the following changed information:
April 2007, Fifth Edition

information.
New information
򐂰 Library management
Changed information
The book includes the following changed information:
September 2005, Fourth Edition

information.
New information
򐂰 Write Once Read Many (WORM) media for Ultrium 3 drives
򐂰 Ultrium 3 drives and libraries
򐂰 Virtual I/O for IBM 3584 Tape Library
xxii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

June 2004, Third Edition
information.
New information
򐂰 Description of WORM technology
򐂰 New models IBM TotalStorage 3581 2U Tape Autoloader L28 and F28
򐂰 New frames and features for the IBM 3584 Tape Library, including support for IBM 3592
Tape Drive with WORM media
򐂰 Advanced Library Management System (ALMS) for the IBM TotalStorage 3584 Tape
Library
June 2003, Second Edition

This revision reflects the addition, deletion, or modification of new and changed information
described below.
New information
򐂰 Ultrium 2 drives in existing LTO libraries
򐂰 New model, IBM Ultrium tape library 3582
򐂰 New functions (multi-path architecture, Control Path Failover) for LTO libraries
November 2000, First Edition

This revision reflects the addition of new and information described below.
New information
򐂰 Introduction to Linear Tape-Open technology
򐂰 Introduction to the family of IBM LTO Ultrium products
򐂰 Configuration information for stand-alone environments and backup and recovery software
򐂰 General information for SCSI connections, multipath configurations, and tape technology
comparisons
Summary of changes xxiii

xxiv IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems
Part 1
Part 1 Tape basics of

open systems
Part 1 covers information about tape technologies for open systems. It also includes
information about the IBM tape drives that can be installed inside IBM tape libraries for open
systems hosts.
The following chapters are included in Part 1:

򐂰 Chapter 1, “Tape technology introduction” on page 3
򐂰 Chapter 2, “Overview of IBM LTO Ultrium tape drives” on page 37
򐂰 Chapter 3, “IBM TS1100 tape drives” on page 95
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. 1

2 IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems
1
Chapter 1. Tape technology introduction

Tape systems traditionally were associated with the mainframe computer market. They
represented an essential element in mainframe systems architectures since the early 1950s
as a cost-effective way to store large amounts of data. By contrast, the midrange and
client/server computer market made limited use of tape technology until recently.
Over the past few years, growth in the demand for data storage and reliable backup and
archiving solutions greatly increased the need to provide manageable and cost-effective tape
library products. The value of using tape for backup purposes has only gradually become
obvious and important in these environments.
This chapter reviews the history of tape technology, including the technologies, formats, and
standards that you see for tape products in today’s market. This chapter also includes
information about several products from non-IBM vendors. For more information about these
non-IBM vendors’ products, see their respective websites.
This chapter includes the following sections:

򐂰 1.1, “Introduction” on page 4
򐂰 1.2, “Tape products and technologies” on page 5
򐂰 1.3, “Tape solutions in a SAN environment” on page 25
򐂰 1.4, “IBM Spectrum Scale” on page 27
򐂰 1.4, “IBM Spectrum Scale” on page 27
򐂰 1.5, “IBM Spectrum Archive” on page 28
򐂰 1.6, “IBM Tape System Library Manager” on page 34

1.1 Introduction
Magnetic tape was first used in 1930 for sound recording and later for video recording in
1951. In the following year, IBM invented the concept of using magnetic tape for computer
data storage with the introduction of the IBM Model 726: The world’s first reel tape system. It
had a storage density of 100 characters per inch and speeds up to 70 inches per second.
Since these early days, tape continues to figure significantly in IT infrastructures for
high-capacity storage backup. Its unique attributes can help users manage their storage
requirements and contribute to the ever-present value of tape in the storage hierarchy.
Tape includes the following features:

򐂰 Removable:
Store it securely to protect it from viruses, sabotage, and other corruption
򐂰 Scalable:
Simply add more low-cost cartridges, not drives
򐂰 Portable:
Easily move it to another site to avoid destruction if the first site suffers threat or damage
򐂰 Fast:
Provides up to 700 MBps (with 2.5:1 compression ratio) for the IBM Linear Tape-Open
(LTO) generation 8 systems
򐂰 Reliable:
IBM servo technology, read after write verification, and advanced error correction systems
to help to make tape more reliable than disk
򐂰 Green:
Has low power consumption
As new storage formats and devices are developed and refined, industry experts periodically
forecast the demise of tape, pronouncing it slow and outmoded. However, tape continues to
be the most cost-effective, flexible, and scalable medium for high-capacity storage backup.
Over the last 65 years, IBM has delivered many innovations in tape storage, and that
innovation continues today. This chapter provides a brief overview of the major changes that
have taken place in tape technology over this time.

1.2 Tape products and technologies
Table 1-1 shows a summary of important milestones in the evolution of tapes over the last 60
years. Each milestone is described in more detail in this chapter.
Table 1-1 Tape timeline

Year Manufacturer Model number Density or capacity Advancements
1952 IBM 726 100 characters/inch First use of plastic tape on a reel
1958 IBM 729 200 characters/inch First readback drive
1964 IBM 2400 800 bpi 9-track tape, EBCDIC, and ASCII
1970 IBM 3400 6250 bpi
1972 3M QIC-11 20 MB Quarter-inch cartridge with two

reels
1974 IBM 3850 Tape cartridge with a single reel.

First robotic tape library.
1984 IBM 3480 200 MB Thin-film magnetoresistive (MR)

head
1984 DEC TK50 94 MB Digital Linear Tape

(DLT)
1986 IBM 3480 400 MB Hardware data compression

IRDC
1987 Exabyte EXB-8200 2.4 GB First helical scan tape drive
1989 HP DDS1 2 GB 4 mm tape
1991 IBM 3490E 800 MB
1992 IBM 3490E 2.4 GB IRDC compression
1995 IBM 3590 10 GB
1997 IBM VTS Virtual tape
1999 Exabyte Mammoth-2 60 GB
1999 HP DDS4 20 GB
2000 Quantum Super DLT 110 GB More precise head positioning
2000 IBM LTO-1 100 GB First LTO drive
2003 IBM 3592 Virtual backhitch
2003 IBM LTO-2 200 GB
2005 IBM LTO-3 400 GB
2006 IBM 3592 Encryption

Integrated into drive
2007 IBM LTO-4 800 GB
2008 IBM TS1130 1 TB GMR heads
Chapter 1. Tape technology introduction 5

Year Manufacturer Model number Density or capacity Advancements
2010 IBM LTO-5 1.5 TB 2 tape partitions. IBM Linear

Tape File System (LTFS)
2011 IBM TS1140 4 TB
2012 IBM LTO-6 2.5 TB 4 tape partitions
2014 IBM TS1150 10 TB
2015 IBM LTO-7 6 TB 32 Tracks
2017 IBM TS1155 15 TB FC or Ethernet host attachment
2017 IBM LTO-8 12 TB TMR head Technology
2018 IBM TS1160 20TB JE media
1.2.1 Recording technology

The first computer tape systems used linear recording technology. This technology provides
excellent data integrity, rapid access to data records, and reasonable storage density. Until
the mid-1980s, all computer tape systems employed this linear recording technology, which
uses a stationary head that writes data in a longitudinal way. Figure 1-4 on page 8 shows an
example of longitudinal technology.
However, in the mid-1980s, helical tape technology (developed for video applications)
became available for computer data storage. This technology uses heads that rotate on a
drum and write data at an angle. Helical tape systems found natural applications in backing
up magnetic disk systems where their cost advantages substantially outweighed their
operational disadvantages. Figure 1-5 on page 9 shows an example of helical scan
technology.
The first implementation of linear recording technology used magnetic tapes on open reels.
Later, the tape was protected inside cartridges by using one or two reels. Linear technology
drives write each data track on the entire length of the tape. Data is first written onto a track
along the entire length of the tape. When the end is reached, the heads are repositioned to
record a new track again along the entire length of the tape, which is now traveling in the
opposite direction. This method continues back and forth until the tape is full. On linear drives,
the tape is guided around a static head.
By contrast, on helical scan systems, the tape is wrapped around a rotating drum that
contains read/write heads. Because of the more complicated path, mechanical stress is
placed on the tape. When contrasted with linear tape systems, helical tape systems have
higher density (and lower media cost). However, they have lower data transfer rates
(because of the smaller number of active read/write heads), less effective access to random
data records, increased maintenance requirements, and reduced data integrity.
Linear and helical tape systems advanced substantially over the past decade. Linear systems
improved significantly in storage density (and cost). They also improved in operational
convenience, with various removable cartridge systems, such as 3590, quarter-inch cartridge
(QIC), digital linear tape (DLT), and now Linear Tape-Open (LTO), replacing reel-to-reel
systems. Helical systems improved in the areas of transfer rate and data integrity with the
implementation of both channel and error correction coding technologies.

Over the past few decades, one of the most significant advances in tape technology for
computer applications was the maturation of serpentine linear recording systems. For the first
time, linear recording systems can provide recording density that is comparable with that of
helical systems. The first commercially successful serpentine linear tape system for
professional applications was DLT. Another important improvement is the use of servo tracks,
which was first introduced by IBM on the IBM Magstar™ 3590 tape. Servo tracks are
recorded at the time of manufacture. These tracks enable the tape drive to position the
read/write head accurately regarding the media while the tape is in motion.
1.2.2 Tape reels

The first data backup device (and the ancestor of magnetic tape devices with a ½-inch-wide
tape format) used magnetic tape reels, as shown in Figure 1-1. They were manufactured and
sold in many different lengths and brands. The most common densities used were 1600 and
6250 bpi. The IBM 2400 was a 9-track 800 bpi tape drive. This was the first 9-track model
from IBM that recorded EBCDIC (8-bit) or ASCII (7-bit) data. In the 1970s, the IBM 3400 was
introduced and it supported up to 6250 bpi.
Figure 1-1 Tape reels, ½-inch
In the 1970s, the IBM 3420 that is shown in Figure 1-2 was introduced and supported up to
6250 bpi.
Figure 1-2 IBM 3420

1.2.3 Quarter-inch cartridge
The QIC tape device was first introduced in 1972 by the 3M company as a means to store
data from telecommunications and data acquisition applications. As time passed, the
comparatively inexpensive QIC tape device became an accepted data storage system,
especially for stand-alone PCs.
A QIC tape device (shown in Figure 1-3) looks similar to an audio tape cassette with two reels
inside, one with tape and the other for take-up.
Figure 1-3 QIC tape
The QIC format employs a linear (or longitudinal) recording technique in which data is written
to parallel tracks that run along the length of the tape. The number of tracks is the principle
determinant of capacity.
The QIC uses a linear read/write head similar to the heads found in cassette recorders, as
shown in Figure 1-4. The head contains a single write head that is flanked on either side by a
read head so that the tape drive can verify data that is just written when the tape is running in
either direction.
100 ips
Read (Verify) heads Read (Verify) heads

Write heads
Figure 1-4 QIC head diagram
Tandberg Data manufactures QIC drives with its Scalable Linear Recording (SLR)
technology. Their most recent drive, the SLR140, provides 70 GB (native) and 140 GB (with a
2:1 compression ratio) capacity on a single data cartridge. The maximum data transfer rates
are 6 MBps uncompressed and 12 MBps (with a 2:1 compression ratio).

1.2.4 Digital Data Standard
The Digital Audio Tape (DAT) standard was created in 1987. As its name implies, it was
originally conceived as a CD-quality audio format that offered 3 hours of digital sound on a
single tape. The Digital Data Standard (DDS) is based on DAT and uses a similar technology.
The cartridge design is common to both, but different tape formulations were developed. In
1988, Sony and Hewlett-Packard (HP) defined the DDS standard, which transformed the
format into one that can be used for digital data storage.
DAT technology is a 4 mm tape that uses helical scan recording technology (as shown in
Figure 1-5). Over the years, the DAT capacity has grown from DDS-1 at 1.3 GB to DAT-320 at
160 GB (native) and 320 GB (with a 2:1 compression ratio). This technology is the same type
of recording that is used in videocassette recorders (VCRs) and is inherently slower than the
linear type.
The tape in a helical scan system is pulled from a two-reel cartridge and wrapped around a
cylindrical drum that contains two read heads and two write heads, arranged alternately. The
read heads verify the data that is written by the write heads. The cylinder head is tilted slightly
in relation to the tape and spins at 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM). The tape moves in the
opposite direction to the cylindrical spin, at less than 1 inch per second. However, because it
is recording more than one line at a time, it has an effective speed of 150 inches per second.
2000 rpm 2 Write and

2 Verify heads
5 degrees
spaced at
90 degrees
Verify B
Write B
Write A
Verify A
.5 ips
Data recorded in
angled stripes
across the tape
Figure 1-5 Helical-scan recording diagram
A directory of files is stored in a partition at the front of the tape. Similar to linear recording,
the performance can be greatly improved if more read/write heads are added. However, this
change is difficult with helical scan devices because of the design of the rotating head. The
fact that the heads can be added only in pairs makes it challenging to fit the wiring inside a
single cylinder, which limits the potential performance of helical scan devices. Because of the
wide-wrap angle of the tape and the consequent degree of physical contact, the head and the
media are prone to wear and tear.

1.2.5 The 8 mm format
Designed for the video industry, 8 mm tape technology was created to transfer high-quality
color images to tape for storage and retrieval and was adopted by the computer industry.
Similar to DAT, but with greater capacities, 8 mm drives also are based on the helical scan
technology. One of the earliest was the Exabyte EXB-8200. A drawback to the helical scan
system is the complicated tape path. Because the tape must be pulled from a cartridge and
wrapped tightly around the spinning read/write cylinder (as shown in Figure 1-6), a great deal
of stress is placed on the tape.
Figure 1-6 An 8 mm tape path
Two major protocols use different compression algorithms and drive technologies, but the
basic function is the same. Exabyte Corporation sponsors standard 8 mm and VXA formats,
and Seagate and Sony represent the 8 mm technology that is known as Advanced Intelligent
Tape (AIT).
Mammoth tape format

The Mammoth tape format is a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)-based 8 mm tape
technology that is designed for open systems applications. It is a proprietary implementation
of the 8 mm original format that has been available since 1987 and uses Advanced Metal
Evaporative (AME) media. This media has a coating over the recording surface that seals
and protects the recording surface.
The Exabyte Mammoth drives have a 5¼-inch form factor. The first generation provided
20 GB (native) and 40 GB (with a 2:1 compression ratio) capacity on a single 8 mm data
cartridge. The maximum data transfer rates were 3 MBps uncompressed and 6 MBps (with a
2:1 compression ratio).
With the Mammoth-2 technology, the capacity and data rate increased to 60 GB (150 GB with
a 2.5:1 compression ratio) and 12 MBps decompressed 30 MBps with a 2.5:1 compression
ratio). Mammoth-2 drives are read compatible with the previous models.

VXA tape format
The VXA tape format is 8 mm tape technology that is designed for open systems applications.
It is a proprietary implementation of an 8 mm packet format that is available since 2001 and
uses AME media.
The Exabyte VXA drives have a 5¼-inch form factor. The first generation provided 32 GB
(native) and 64 GB (with a 2:1 compression ratio) capacity on a single 8 mm data cartridge.
The maximum data transfer rates were 3 MBps decompressed and 6 MBps (with a 2:1
compression ratio).
With the VXA-2 technology, the capacity and data rate increased to 80 GB (160 GB with a 2:1
compression ratio) and 6 MBps decompressed (12 MBps with a 2:1 compression ratio).
VXA-2 drives are read compatible with the previous model.
With the VXA-3 technology, the capacity and data rate increased to 160 GB (320 GB with a
2:1 compression ratio) and 12 MBps decompressed (24 MBps with a 2:1 compression ratio).
VXA-3 drives are read compatible with the previous model.
Advanced Intelligent Tape format

The Advanced Intelligent Tape (AIT) format was developed by Sony. Available in a 3½-inch
form factor, Sony AIT-1 drives and media provide 25 GB (native) and 50 GB (with a 2:1
compression ratio) capacity on a single 8 mm data cartridge. The maximum data transfer rate
is 3 MBps native.
The AIT-5 format from Sony has the capacity and performance of 400 GB (1040 GB with a
2.5:1 compression ratio) and 24 MBps data transfer rate.
AIT drives feature an Auto Tracking Following (ATF) system, which provides a closed-loop,
self-adjusting path for tape tracking. This servo tracking system adjusts for tape flutter so that
data tracks can be written much closer together for high-density recording. AIT uses the
Adaptive Lossless Data Compression (ALDC) technology compression algorithm.
Digital Linear Tape

Digital Linear Tape (DLT) drives became available in 1985 when Digital Equipment
Corporation needed a backup system for their MicroVAX systems. This system uses a square
cartridge that contains tape media but no take-up reel. The take-up reel was built into the
drive itself. This design eliminated the space that was typically associated with cassette and
cartridge drives, such as QIC or 8 mm.
The drive had to be made larger than most drives to accommodate the internal take-up reel.
The drive fit into a Full-High, 5¼-inch drive bay. Called the TK50, the tape drive could store
94 MB per cartridge.
By using a ferrite read/write head, the TK50 recorded data in linear blocks along 22 tracks. Its
read/write head contained two sets of read/write elements. One set was used when reading
and writing forward, and the other set was used when reading and writing backward.
In 1987, Digital Equipment Corporation released the TK70. This tape drive offered 294 MB of
storage on the same square tape cartridge, a threefold improvement over the TK50. Digital
accomplished this capacity by increasing the number of tracks to 48 and by increasing
density on the same ½-inch tape.
In 1989, Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the first true DLT system. The TF85 (later
called the DLT 260) incorporated a new feature that enabled the system to pack 2.6 GB onto
a 1200-foot tape (CompacTape III, later known as DLTtape III).

The DLT Tape Head Guide Assembly was incorporated for the first time in the TF85 drive. Six
precision rollers improved tape life. The six-roller head guide assembly gave the TF85 a
much shorter tape path than helical scan systems, as shown in Figure 1-7.
Figure 1-7 DLT tape path mechanism
The read/write head was equipped with another write element so that the elements were
arranged in a write/read/write pattern. With this pattern, the TF85 reads after writing on two
channels and in forward and reverse directions, as shown in Figure 1-8.
Figure 1-8 DLT 2000 recording head design
Two years later, Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the TZ87, later known as the DLT
2000 tape drive. This system offered 10 GB of native capacity on a single CompacTape III
cartridge (Figure 1-9), later known as DLTtape III. It supported 2 MB of read/write data cache
memory and offered a data transfer rate of 1.25 MBps. This cartridge was the first generation
of DLT.
Figure 1-9 DLT cartridge

In 1994, Quantum acquired the Storage division of Digital Equipment Corporation. In late
1994, Quantum released the DLT 4000. By increasing real density (bits per inch) from 62,500
to 82,000 and tape length by 600 feet (DLTtape IV), the capacity of the DLT 4000 grew up to
20 GB (40 GB compressed) on a single ½-inch DLTtape IV cartridge. The new DLT tape
system provided a data transfer of 1.5 MBps (3 MBps compressed) and was fully read/write
compatible with previous generations of DLT tape drives.
DLT 2000 and DLT 4000 drives write data on two channels simultaneously in linear tracks
that run the length of the tape, as shown in Figure 1-10.
Figure 1-10 DLT 2000/4000 linear recording format
The DLT 7000 became available in 1996. This drive offered a total storage capacity of 35 GB
native and 70 GB compressed on the 1800-foot DLTtape IV cartridge. The DLT 7000
incorporated a four-channel head that gives the drive a transfer rate of 5 MBps of data in
native mode, as shown in Figure 1-11.
Figure 1-11 DLT 7000/8000 tape head
The latest DLT product from Quantum is the DLT 8000 drive. This tape drive features a native
transfer rate of up to 6 MBps, with a native capacity of 40 GB. The DLT 7000/8000 drives
incorporate the Symmetric Phase Recording technology that writes data in an angled pattern,
as shown in Figure 1-12.
Figure 1-12 Symmetric Phase Recording technology

1.2.6 SuperDLT
SuperDLT (SDLT) is a format specification that was developed by Quantum Corporation as an
evolution of the DLT standard. It uses Laser Guided Magnetic Recording (LGMR) technology.
This technology includes the Pivoting Optical Servo (POS). This optically assisted servo system
is implemented on the unused reverse side of the media and uses a laser to read the servo
guide. SDLT uses 100% of the media for data recording. SDLT uses Advanced Metal Powder
(AMP) media, which contains embedded information for the Pivoting Optical Servo system.
The recording mechanism is made of Magneto-Resistive Cluster (MRC) heads, which are a
cluster of small magneto-resistive tape heads.
The first SDLT drive (the SDLT 220) was introduced in late 2000. It provides a capacity of
110 GB (native) and 220 GB (with a 2:1 compression ratio). The native data transfer rate is
11 MBps. This first drive was not backward-read compatible with earlier models. In 2001,
Quantum released a version of the SDLT 220 drive that was backward-read compatible with
the DLTtape IV cartridge.
The second SDLT 320 drive from Quantum became available in 2002. It increased the native
capacity to 160 GB (320 GB with a 2:1 compression ratio) and the native transfer rate to
16 MBps (32 MBps with a 2:1 compression ratio). The SDLT 320 is backward read compatible
with DLTtape IV cartridges and uses Super DLTtape I media.
The SDLT 600 is the third generation of the SDLT product range from Quantum. It provides a
capacity of 300 GB (native) and 600 GB (with a 2:1 compression ratio) and the native transfer
rate increased to 36 MBps (72 MBps with a 2:1 compression ratio). The SDLT600 comes with
an LVD 160 Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) or with a 2 GB Fibre Channel (FC)
interface. The SDLT 600 is compatible with earlier versions with the SDLT 320 and the DLT
VS 160.
The DLT-S4 is the fourth generation of the SDLT product range from Quantum. It provides a
capacity of 800 GB (native) and 1.6 TB (with a 2:1 compression ratio) and the native transfer
rate increased to 324 MBps (400 MBps with a 2:1 compression ratio). The DLT-S4 comes with
an LVD 320 Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) or with a 4 GB Fibre Channel (FC)
interface. The DLT-S4 can read all Super DLTtape two cartridges that are written by SDLT 600
drives, and Super DLTtape 1 cartridges written by SDLT 320 drives.
The media format has the following capacity:

򐂰 DLT-4 (read/write) 800 GB native capacity
򐂰 Super DLTtape II (read only) 300 GB native capacity
򐂰 Super DLTtape I (read only) 160 GB native capacity
1.2.7 IBM 3850

Beginning in the late-1960s, IBM engineers in Boulder, Colorado, began development of a
low-cost mass storage system that was based on magnetic tape in cartridges. By 1970, the
proposed device was code named “Comanche” and was described as an online tape library
to provide computer-controlled access to stored information. Numerous marketing studies
and design changes were made during the early 1970s, and Comanche was announced as
the IBM 3850 Mass Storage System (MSS) in October 1974.

The components of the 3850 were new data cartridges. The data cartridges were circular
cylinders, 2 inches in diameter and 4 inches long, each holding a spool holding 770 inches of
tape. Cartridges were stored in a two-dimensional array of bins, which were hexagonal, rather
than square, to save space and, for the first time, were automatically accessed through a
robot (accessor), shown in Figure 1-13.
Figure 1-13 IBM 3850
1.2.8 IBM 3480

The second generation of IBM magnetic media and the first one to use an enclosed cartridge
containing ½-inch tape, the IBM 3480 Magnetic Tape Subsystem was announced on 22
March 1984, shown in Figure 1-14. The tape was stored in a now-familiar cartridge, which
was smaller, more robust, and easier to handle than tape reels. The cartridge capacity was
200 MB, and the channel data rate was 3 MBps, writing 18 tracks in one direction.
Figure 1-14 IBM 3480
1.2.9 IBM 3490

The IBM 3490 replaced the IBM 3480 tape technology and used the same tape cartridge
media. With a tape capacity of 800 MB uncompacted (2.4 GB compressed assuming 3:1
compression ratio) and a channel data rate of 3 MBps, the IBM 3490E increased the capacity
of the 3480 four-fold. It used a double-length tape and wrote data in both directions: 18 tracks
to the end of tape and 18 tracks back to the start of the tape.

During this second generation, automatic cartridge loaders and automated tape libraries,
such as the IBM 3495 and 3494 libraries, were introduced to reduce or eliminate the need for
tape operators. Software management applications, such as CA-1, TLMS, and the DFSMS
Removable Media Manager (DFSMSrmm), were implemented to manage the tape volumes
automatically.
The IBM 3490 and compatible drives were probably the first family of tape products that was
mostly used with automatic tape libraries rather than being installed as stand-alone drives
operated manually.
The Improved Data Recording Capability (IDRC), which compacts the data, reduced the
number of tape volumes that were used.
Magnetic disks were widely used for online data. Therefore, these second-generation tape
systems became primarily a medium for backup and were introduced as an archive medium.
The process of archiving was also automated with products, such as Hierarchical Storage
Manager (HSM) and DFSMShsm (a component of DFSMS), by using tape as the lowest level
in a storage hierarchy. Tape was still used as an interchange medium, but networks were
also used for that purpose.
1.2.10 IBM 3590

The IBM 3590 drive was originally called the IBM Magstar 3590. The IBM Magstar tape
technology was first introduced in July 1995. The original cartridge maintained the external
form factor of the IBM 3490 (as shown in Figure 1-15), had a capacity of 10 GB uncompacted
(30 GB compressed), and a data rate of 9 MBps. Later drive models and newer media
increased these figures. The data format was incompatible with the IBM 3490.
Figure 1-15 IBM 3590 tape cartridge

The IBM 3590 drive (as shown in Figure 1-16) incorporated longitudinal technology,
Serpentine Interleaved Longitudinal Recording.
Figure 1-16 IBM 3590 tape drive
Data was written in each direction in turn. To increase capacity further, the concept of head
indexing was introduced, which wrote multiple sets of tracks in parallel. The entire set of
heads was slightly shifted after one pass, and all subsequent passes (for a total of eight) were
used to write data tracks next to the existing ones. This method meant a significant
improvement in the tape capacity and transfer rates without changing the tape speed (2 mps)
and media length (600 m).
The IBM 3590 drive used a buffer and compressed the data before it wrote the data to tape.
In addition, the drive completed a stop-start cycle in approximately 100 ms. The performance
was improved for both start-stop and streaming applications.
With the IBM 3590 Model H, the capacity and data rate increased to 60 GB (180 GB
assuming 3:1 compression ratio). With the Extended Length Cartridges, the capacity and
data rate increased to 14 MBps native. Both drives were made available in 2002 and maintain
compatibility with earlier version for reading with the base models.
This design incorporated innovations such as servo tracks on the tape to guide the read/write
heads along the data tracks and the implementation of an improved error-correcting code
(ECC). A portion of the tape within each cartridge was reserved for statistical information.
This portion was continually updated after each read or write. It provided statistics that you
can use to obtain drive and media information and identify problems with a particular tape or
drive as early as possible.
Technology
The IBM 3590 provided high capacity, performance, reliability, and a wide range of host
connectivity. This technology used a fourth-generation magneto resistive (MR) head, a
16 MB buffer, predictive failure analysis, and state-of-the-art electronic packaging.
While reading or writing 16 tracks at a time, the IBM 3590 models used serpentine,
interleaved, longitudinal recording technology for a total of four, eight, or twelve round trips
from the physical beginning to the physical end of the tape and back again. The tape
read/write head indexes, or moved vertically, when it completed each round trip so that the
recorded tracks are interleaved across the width of the tape.

Figure 1-17 shows the recording element of the IBM Enterprise 3590 tape drives. It also
shows how the read/write heads moved over the width of the tape medium.
Recording element
Two sets of read/write
Tape heads per element
W R
direction
Tape
R W
direction Electronic switch to the
other head set at the end
of the tape
Physical movement to the
8, 16, 24 index
next index position
positions
Tape
Figure 1-17 IBM 3590 recording
The 3590 tape drives used a metal particle medium in the tape cartridge that stores 10, 20,
30, 40, or 60 GB of uncompacted data, depending on the cartridge type and the drive model.
The integrated control unit used a compaction algorithm that increases the storage capacity
of these cartridges. Assuming a compression ratio of three to one (3:1), the cartridge capacity
increased to 60 GB on E models and to 90 GB on H models.
The 3590E and 3590H models have a 14 MBps device data rate, and the 3590B models have
a 9 MBps device data rate. With data compression, the 3590 tape drive can more effectively
use the full capability of the Ultra-SCSI data rate, the IBM Enterprise Systems Connection
(ESCON) data rate, or the IBM Fibre Connection (FICON) data rate. The Ultra Wide SCSI
data rate is up to 40 MB per second and the Fibre Channel data rate is up to 100 MB per
second.
Metal particle media

A chromium dioxide medium was used in the IBM 3480 and 3490 cartridges. The IBM 3590
High Performance Tape Cartridge used a metal particle medium, which has a significantly
increased coercivity. Therefore, it permits a much higher data recording density in
comparison with chromium dioxide media as the linear density is proportional to the coercivity
of the medium. The linear density of the IBM 3590 tape is approximately three times that of
the IBM 3480 and 3490. The track density is also improved approximately four-fold.
Advances in the metal particle coatings and media binders afford reliability and magnetic
stability equal or superior to chrome media.
1.2.11 LTO Ultrium tape

The LTO standard was released as a joint initiative of IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Seagate
Technology. As a result of this initiative, two LTO formats (Ultrium and Accelis) were defined.
However, for performance reasons, there was no demand for the Accelis format of the LTO
tape, and drive nor media were commercially produced.

The consortium now consists of IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Quantum, which are known as
the technology provider companies. The technology specifications are available at this LTO
website:
http://www.lto-technology.com
The LTO Ultrium 8 technology is the current generation of LTO Ultrium tape. It provides 12
TB of native physical capacity (30 TB compressed) per cartridge and native data transfer rate
of up to 360 MBps (700 MBps by assuming a 2.5:1 compression ratio).
The previous format LTO Ultrium generations provided the following native capacities by
using the transfer rates shown:
򐂰 LTO Ultrium generation 8 provides a native capacity of 12 TB with a native data transfer
rate of up to 360 MBps.
򐂰 LTO Ultrium generation 7 provides a native capacity of 6 TB with a native data transfer
rate of up to 300 MBps.
򐂰 LTO Ultrium generation 6 provided a native capacity of 2.5 TB with a native transfer rate
up to 160 MBps.
򐂰 LTO Ultrium generation 5 provided a native capacity of 1.5 TB with a native transfer rate
up to 140 MBps.
򐂰 LTO Ultrium generation 4 provided a native capacity of 800 GB with a native transfer rate
up to 120 MBps.
up to 80 MBps.
up to 40 MBps.
of up to 20 MBps.
Each LTO Ultrium generation has doubled the compressed media storage capacity and
increased the data transfer rate. Further, each LTO Ultrium drive generation is compatible
with earlier versions for read and write capability with the prior media generation.
Up to LTO7 each LTO Ultrium drive generation is also compatible with earlier versions for
read capability with the two prior media generations.
From LTO 8 in an effort to push the innovation boundaries of tape technology going forward,
the current LTO format required a recording technology transition that supports capacity
growth for future LTO generations. To address this technological shift and maintain
affordability in times of extreme data growth, the latest LTO generation 8 specifications are
intended to be only backwards compatible with LTO generation 7 cartridges.
For more information about the LTO Ultrium tape format specification, see 2.1.2, “LTO
standards” on page 40. For more information about the IBM LTO Ultrium tape drive, see 2.1.5,
“IBM LTO Ultrium common subassembly drive” on page 50.

LTO WORM cartridges
The IBM Ultrium Write Once Read Many (WORM) cartridges (Machine Type 3589) were
designed for applications such as archiving and data retention, and for applications that
require an audit trail. The IBM Ultrium WORM cartridges work with the IBM LTO Ultrium tape
drive to prevent the alteration or deletion of user data. In addition, IBM has taken the following
steps to reduce the possibility of tampering with the information:
򐂰 The bottom of the cartridge is molded in a different color than rewritable cartridges.
򐂰 The special cartridge memory helps protect the WORM nature of the media.
򐂰 A unique format is factory-written on each WORM cartridge.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 WORM format, based on LTO specifications, provides a tape
cartridge capacity of up to 12 TB native physical capacity (30 TB with a 2.5:1 compression
ratio). The 12 TB WORM cartridge can be used only in the IBM Ultrium 8 tape drive.
Additionally, the IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive can process the previous LTO Ultrium 7, 6 TB
WORM format for read and write data.
1.2.12 IBM TS1100 tape drive family

The IBM TS1100 tape drive family offers a design that is focused on high capacity,
performance, and high reliability for storing mission-critical data. Introduced in October 2003,
the 3592-J1A tape drive had 300 GB of native capacity in a ½-inch format tape cartridge. It
was also a foundation for future generations of this new tape drive family based on the
concept of media reuse. This design helps protect the client’s investment in tape cartridges.
In October 2005, the second generation of the 3592 drive, the IBM TS1120 tape drive Model
E05, was introduced. The IBM 3592-E05 has the same physical measurements as the
3592-J1A tape drive, but the capacity increased 1.6 times from 300 GB to 500 GB native
capacity on one cartridge. It has a dual 4 GB Fibre Channel attachment and a native data rate
of up to 100 MBps.
The capacity characteristics of the third generation of 3592 tape drives increased again. The
IBM TS1130 Model E06 tape drive was the third generation of the 3592 family that achieved
the unprecedented capacity of 1 TB of uncompressed data on the JB cartridge type.
The fourth generation of 3592, the IBM TS1140 model E07, again took tape capacity to a new
level. The TS1140 can store 1.6 TB of uncompressed data on the JB cartridge type and 4 TB
of uncompressed data on the advanced JC cartridge type.
With the fifth generation of 3592, the IBM TS1150 model E08, IBM took tape capacity to a
new level. The TS1150 can store 7 TB of uncompressed data on the existing JC cartridge
types, and 10 TB of uncompressed data on the advanced JD cartridge types, with improved
levels of performance.
The IBM TS1155 (models 55F,55E and 55G), is an enhanced version of the TS1150 drive,
which provides higher levels of cartridge capacity, and is designed to provide an increased
capacity of 50% to 15TB on JD, and 3TB on JL media types, compared with its predecessor.
The primary differences of the TS1155 models (55F, 55E and 55G) from the base TS1150
(E08, EH8) is the increase of the native capacity on Advanced media types, 15TB (JD) and
3TB (JL). This is achieved by using advanced tunneling magneto resistive (TMR) head
technology. In addition the TS1155 model 55E provides dual 10 Gb Ethernet host attachment
interface optimized for cloud-based and hyperscale environments.
The IBM TS1160 (models 60F, 60E and 60G) provides higher levels of cartridge capacity. It
also can provide an increased capacity of 50% to 20 TB on JE media, and 4TB on JM media
types, compared with its predecessor.

Figure 1-18 shows the IBM TS1160 tape drive 3592 Model E08.
Figure 1-18 IBM TS1160 tape drive 3592 Model 60G.
The TS1160 tape drives maintains the same features and technology enhancements that
were introduced with the TS1120 and extended by the TS1130,TS1140, TS1150, and
TS1155. The TS1160 also offers several enhancements over the predecessor models. These
enhancements are explained next.
For more information about the TS1130, TS1140, TS1150, and TS1155 tape drives, see
Chapter 3, “IBM TS1100 tape drives” on page 95.
TS1100 family key features

The TS1160 has the following key features, which were introduced with the 3590 J1A,
TS1120, TS1130, TS1140, TS1150, and TS1155:
򐂰 Digital speed matching
򐂰 Channel calibration
򐂰 High-resolution tape directory
򐂰 Recursive accumulating backhitchless flush or non-volatile caching
򐂰 Backhitchless backspace
򐂰 Streaming Lossless Data Compression (SLDC) algorithm
򐂰 Capacity scaling
򐂰 Single field replaceable unit (FRU)
򐂰 Error detection and reporting
򐂰 Statistical Analysis Recording System (SARS) algorithm with extended mount count
򐂰 Revised encryption support
򐂰 Dual-stage 32-head actuator
򐂰 Offboard data string searching
򐂰 Enhanced logic to report logical end of tape
򐂰 Added partitioning support
򐂰 End-to-end logical block protection support
򐂰 Data safe mode
򐂰 Enhanced Ethernet support
򐂰 Enhanced Barium Ferrite (BaFe) particle media types
򐂰 8 Gbps Fibre Channel (FC) dual port interface
򐂰 Enhanced read-ahead buffer management
򐂰 High access performance for locate/search

򐂰 SkipSync and FastSync write performance accelerators
򐂰 32-channel enhanced ECC recording format
Performance improvement
Performance was improved on the TS1160, TS1155, and TS1150 by the following changes:
򐂰 Improved data rate and capacity
򐂰 Improved latency by reducing access time to data
򐂰 Improved data compression
򐂰 Beginning of Partition (BOP) caching
򐂰 Humidity sensor support
򐂰 Increased Cartridge Memory size and related functions
򐂰 Improved High Resolution Tape Directory (HRTD)
򐂰 Larger main data buffer
򐂰 Extended copy support
Higher data rates and capacity

The following format data rates are available for the TS1155 and TS1150:
򐂰 Using J6 (TS1160) format, maximum data rates increase to 400 Bps native and up to
900Mbps compressed.
򐂰 Using the J5A (TS1155) and J5 (TS1150) format, maximum data rates increase to
360 MBps native and up to 700 MBps compressed (650 MBps compressed on TS1155
55E).
򐂰 Using the J4 (TS1140) format, maximum data rates increase to 250 MBps native and up
to 650 MBps compressed.
Table 1-2 lists the capacity and performance characteristics for decompressed data.
Table 1-2 Native capacity and performance summary
Media TS1160 format capacity data TS1155 format capacity data TS1150 format capacity data
Type rate (minimum - maximum) rate (minimum - maximum) rate (minimum - maximum)
JC or JY 7 TB (6.37 TiB) 7 TB 7 TB
99 MBps - 303 MBps 99 MBps - 303 MBps 99 MBps - 303 MBps
JD or JZ 15 TB (13.64 TiB) 15 TB 10 TB
JE or JV 20 TB (18.12 TiB) N/A N/A

122 MBps - 407 MBps
JK 900 GB (.82 TiB) 900 GB 900 GB

JL 3 TB (2.73 TiB) 3 TB 2 TB
JM 5 TB (4.55 TiB) N/A N/A

122 MBps - 407 MBps
1.2.13 Rack-mount option for TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 models
Rack-mount options are available for the 3592 drives to be used as a stand-alone drive
option. The rack-mount kits are ordered by using the following feature codes:
򐂰 FC 4804 for 60F, 55F, EH8, or EH7 drives
򐂰 FC 4802 (Left Hand) or FC 4812 (Right Hand) for E60F, 55F, EH8, or EH7 drives

For more information, see “Rack-mount option for TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140
models” on page 117
1.2.14 Libraries
System administrators are clamoring for technologies that help them to efficiently and
economically manage the explosive growth in stored data. As the amount of data increases,
the backup process takes longer and longer. The solution to this problem is to use a device
that integrates the tape drive with a level of automation. The challenge is to choose the
correct solution in terms of size and automation level.
System administrators industry-wide recognized the need to automate the

backup-and-restore process to the extent that it requires little or no human intervention. This
method is known as lights-out backup. This process can be done off-shift or concurrently with
other applications during normal operations. Multi-drive tape libraries are the only available
technology to offer reliability and low cost to make lights-out backup practical.
The hardware options for automation are autoloaders and a range of multi-drive automated
tape libraries.
Autoloaders
Autoloaders have one tape drive. Clients typically use autoloaders to access a few tapes
once a day. Most autoloaders are designed for purely sequential operations. These units
place little emphasis on performance.
Automated tape libraries

Automated tape libraries have one or more tape drives, but clients typically use them with at
least two tape drives. All tape cartridges are accessible to all drives, making concurrent
reading and writing operations possible.
You can increase throughput by adding more drives and HBAs. With automation eliminating
the manual intervention to load tapes, file-restore response times are substantially improved.
Tape libraries are mandatory for lights-out operations and other higher performance tape
storage applications. Tape libraries also offer the security of knowing that other drives are
available if one fails.
Multi-drive automated tape libraries and ultra-scalable tape libraries, combined with storage
management software, including concurrent backup, archive, and hierarchical storage
management (HSM), offer the most robust solution for managing and protecting huge
amounts of corporate data.
Automated tape libraries allow random access to large numbers of tape cartridges and the
concurrent use of two or more drives, rather than manually loading one tape after another or
by using a single-drive sequential autoloader.
Enterprise tape libraries

Enterprise tape libraries are automated tape libraries that provide enhanced levels of
automation, scalability, reliability, availability, and serviceability. They typically have the
capacity to house dozens of drives and hundreds of tapes. Equipped with high-performance
robotic mechanisms, bar code scanners, and support for cartridge I/O ports, these libraries
often offer redundant components and a high degree of flexibility through a modular design.
Certain models add support for multiple SCSI, Fibre Channel-Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL), Fibre
Channel Protocol (FCP), and ESCON or FICON connections to allow connection to more
than one host platform.

The top-of-the-line of the enterprise tape library is the IBM TS4500 tape library and can be
shared between two or more heterogeneous host systems. All of the hosts have access to the
control functions of the tape library robotics. The library is shared in a physical way, with each
system operating as though it really owns the entire library.
The IBM TS4500 tape library

The IBM TS4500 is a highly scalable, stand-alone tape library that provides high-density tape
storage and high-performance, automated tape handling for open systems environments.
Figure 1-19 shows a three-frame version of the TS4500 tape library. An individual library
consists of one base frame and up to 17 expansion frames and can include up to 128 tape
drives and more than 23,000 tape cartridges.
Figure 1-19 IBM TS4500 introduction
The IBM TS4500 tape library provides the following capabilities, which are described in more
detail in the following chapters:
򐂰 High availability dual active accessors with integrated service bays to reduce inactive
service space by 40%. You can use the Elastic Capacity option to eliminate inactive
service space.
򐂰 All of the frames include high-density (HD) slot technology.
򐂰 You can place additional HD2 frame models in any active position so that the library can
grow from both the right side and the left side of the first L frame.
򐂰 HD generation 1 frames from the existing IBM TS3500 library can be redeployed into a
TS4500. These frames must be installed to the right of the Lx5 frame, and FC 1742 must
be installed on each frame before they can exist in an IBM TS4500 library string.
򐂰 New Single Deep Cell technology.
򐂰 Integrated management console (IMC) with support for external TSSC/IMC.
򐂰 New user interface for improved usability.
򐂰 Updated control system.
򐂰 Input/output (I/O) magazine to allow individual cartridge handling to be performed
independently of the library.
򐂰 Top-rack space to house extra tape solution components within the library footprint.

򐂰 Support for HD2-compatible models of the TS1160 (3592 60E and 60F), TS1155 (3592
55E and 55F),TS1150 (3592 EH8), TS1140 (3592 EH7), LTO Ultrium 8 (3588 F8C), LTO
Ultrium 7 (3588 F7C), LTO Ultrium 6 (3588 F6C), and LTO Ultrium 5 (3588 F5C) tape
drives.
򐂰 Up to 4 Library-Managed Encryption (LME) key paths per logical library.
The TS4500 tape library is available with several tape drives, frame models, and feature
options, to meet your specific needs. Additional features of the TS4500 tape library are
highlighted in the following list:
򐂰 Advanced Library Management System (ALMS)
򐂰 Ability to attach multiple simultaneous heterogeneous servers
򐂰 Remote management with the TS4500 management GUI or the TS4500 command-line
interface (CLI)
򐂰 Remote monitoring by using SNMP, email, or syslog
򐂰 SNMP query configuration
򐂰 Media health verification
򐂰 Multipath architecture
򐂰 Drive and media exception reporting
򐂰 Host-based path failover
򐂰 Up to 288 I/O slots (36 I/O slots standard for LTO libraries and 32 I/O slots standard for
3592 libraries with extra I/O slots that are available as a feature add-on for all D25 and
D55 frames)
򐂰 Up to four Encryption Key Manager (EKM) servers can be configured on each logical
library
For more information about the TS4500, see IBM TS4500 R6 Tape Library Guide,
SG24-8235.
1.3 Tape solutions in a SAN environment

Connectivity to tape is essential for most backup processes. However, manual tape
operations and tape handling are expensive. Studies show that automation of tape
processing saves money and increases reliability. Enterprises had to use staff to remove
these tapes, transport them to a storage site, and then return them to the tape drive for
mounting when necessary. Client tape planning initiatives are directed at more efficient use of
drives and libraries and at minimization of manual labor that is associated with tape
processing.
The biggest challenges with SCSI tape implementations are the limited cable length and the
limited possibilities to share drives between several systems. For LVD SCSI, the total cable
length is limited to 25 m (82 ft.) that uses point-to-point interconnection (such as one host that
is connected to only one tape drive).
With multidrop interconnection (one host that is connected to more than one tape drive on the
same SCSI bus), the total cable length is 12 m (39.4 ft.) for LVD SCSI and 25 m (82 ft.) for
High Voltage Differential (HVD) SCSI. Most SCSI tape drives have only one SCSI port and
can be attached only on one SCSI bus. This method severely limits the number of hosts that
can physically use the drive without recabling.

SANs enable greater connectivity of the tape libraries and tape drives and enable tape
sharing. With Fibre Channel, the distance between the server (or data point) and the
connected tape node can be up to 10 km. Fibre Channel enables multiple host scenarios
without recabling.
If software to manage tape-drive sharing is unavailable, you must isolate (or zone) the drives
to unique hosts by using functions that are commonly available on SAN gateways or
switches. With the correct management software, each drive can communicate with each
host, and connections can be dynamic without recabling.
Backup solutions can use SAN technology several ways to reduce the costs of their
implementation and increase their performance.
1.3.1 Sharing tape devices in a SAN environment

The tape world has the following distinct means of sharing:
򐂰 Library sharing
򐂰 Drive sharing
򐂰 Media sharing
Library sharing
Library sharing occurs when multiple servers that are attached to a tape library share the
library and the robotics. Tape drives within the library might or might not be shared (pooled)
among the attached servers. Tape library sharing is a prerequisite for tape-drive sharing.
Drive sharing
The sharing of one or more tape drives among multiple servers is called drive sharing. To
share drives between heterogeneous applications within a tape library, the tape library must
provide multiple paths to the robotics and be able to define the drives and slots of a library as
multiple logical libraries. The server that is attached to each logical library has no knowledge
of any drives or slots outside the logical library.
Media sharing
Media sharing today is possible only in a homogeneous environment between servers that
use the same backup server and the same library to back up their data. For systems that are
not backed up by the same backup server, it is possible to share only a tape scratch pool.
SAN best practices for tape

The following are best practices for tape in a SAN environment:
򐂰 Use dedicated HBAs for tape devices due to inherent differences in data streams (short
blocks versus sequential).
򐂰 Use separate zoning for tape devices. Zones should not mix disk and tape devices.
򐂰 Use single initiator zoning. Each SAN zone should contain only one HBA, but it can
contain a number of targets (tape devices).
򐂰 Limit zoning of tape devices to only systems which will actively use them. Limiting the size
of each zone reduces chances of external interferences and allows for quicker diagnostics
in case of any issues.
򐂰 When planning new environments or expanding existing ones, take into account all parts
of the data path to avoid bottlenecks. For example, zoning multiple high-speed devices to
a single HBA which cannot sustain such data transfer is not recommended.

Also, having multiple high-speed HBAs in a single system and connected on the same bus
will result in a bottleneck inside the system bus itself.
򐂰 When performing SAN zoning changes, avoid changes for zones in which the devices are
active (performing backup or restore). Changing zones while data transfer is active can
interrupt the data transfer, thus causing the backup or restore operation to fail.
򐂰 Avoid using multivendor switches in a single SAN cloud. Combining switching equipment
from different vendors can cause equipment to run in compatibility mode that might not
include FCP-2 tape safe extensions.
򐂰 Take into account the bandwidth available to port groups. Depending on switch or blade
types, ports can share bandwidth across a group of ports, and using all ports to
high-speed tape device might exceed the bandwidth available to the group. For tape, try to
use dedicated ports where possible.
򐂰 Avoid over-subscription of inter-switch links (ISL) band inter-chassis links (ICL) by using
the highest performance FC switches available.
1.4 IBM Spectrum Scale

IBM Spectrum Scale is a proven, scalable, high-performance file management
solution. IBM Spectrum Scale provides world-class storage management with
extreme scalability, flash accelerated performance, and automatic policy-based
storage tiering from flash, to disk to tape. IBM Spectrum Scale reduces storage
costs up to 90% and improves security and management efficiency in cloud,
big data, and analytics environments.
First introduced in 1998, this mature technology enables a maximum volume size of
8 YB, a maximum file size of 8 EB, and up to 18.4 quintillion (two by the 64th power) files per
file system. IBM Spectrum Scale provides simplified data management and integrated
information lifecycle tools as software defined storage for cloud, big data, and analytics. It
introduces enhanced security, flash accelerated performance, and improved usability. Also,
capacity quotas, ACLs, and a powerful snapshot functionality are implemented.
1.4.1 Key capabilities

IBM Spectrum Scale adds elasticity with the following capabilities:
򐂰 Global namespace with high-performance access scales from departmental to global
򐂰 Automated tiering, data lifecycle management from flash (6x acceleration) to tape (10x
savings)
򐂰 Enterprise ready: data security (encryption), availability, reliability, large scale proven
򐂰 Open: POSIX compliant, integrated with OpenStack components and Hadoop
1.4.2 Benefits
IBM Spectrum Scale provides the following benefits:
򐂰 Improves performance by removing data-related bottlenecks
򐂰 Automated tiering, data lifecycle management from flash (acceleration) to tape (savings)
򐂰 Lowers cost by eliminating duplicate data
򐂰 Enables sharing of data across multiple applications
򐂰 Reduces cost per performance by placing data on most applicable storage (flash to tape)

IBM Spectrum Scale is part of the IBM market-leading software-defined storage family:
򐂰 As a software-only solution: Runs on virtually any hardware platform and supports almost
any block storage device. IBM Spectrum Scale runs on Linux (including Linux on
z Systems), IBM AIX®, and Microsoft Windows-based systems.
򐂰 As an integrated IBM Elastic Storage® Server solution: A bundled hardware, software,
and services offering that includes installation and ease of management with a graphical
user interface. Elastic Storage Server (ESS) provides unsurpassed end-to-end data
availability, reliability, and integrity with unique technologies, including IBM Spectrum
Scale Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID).
򐂰 As a Cloud service: IBM Spectrum Scale delivered as a service, brings high performance,
scalable storage, and integrated data governance for managing large amounts of data and
files in the IBM SoftLayer® cloud.
IBM Spectrum Scale features enhanced security with native encryption and secure erase. It
can increase performance by using server-side flash cache to increase I/O performance up to
six times. IBM Spectrum Scale provides improved usability through data replication
capabilities, data migration capabilities, Active File Management (AFM), File Placement
Optimizer (FPO), and IBM Spectrum Scale Native RAID. Figure 1-20 shows an example of
the IBM Spectrum Scale architecture.
Kafka Cassandra
MongoDB
Spark U
Users and
Hadoop a
applications
Client New Gen SAP HANA Traditional Compute
workstations applications SAS applications farm
File Analytics Block OpenStack Object

POSIX Transparent Cinder Manila S3
HDFS AFM-DR
NFS SMB Spark iSCSI
SI Glance Swift DR Site
Global Namespace
Site A
Powered by
IBM Spectrum Scale
Site B
Transparent
Cloud Tier
IBM Spectrum Scale RAID
Site C
Flash Disk Tape Shared Nothing

Cluster
JBOD/JBOF
Worldwide Data
Distribution (AFM)
Compression Automated Data Migration Encryption
Figure 1-20 IBM Spectrum Scale Architecture
For more information about IBM Spectrum Scale, see the following website:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/spectrum/scale
1.5 IBM Spectrum Archive

IBM Spectrum Archive, a member of the IBM Spectrum Storage™ family,
enables direct, intuitive, and graphical access to data stored in IBM tape drives
and libraries by incorporating the Linear Tape File System (LTFS) format
standard for reading, writing and exchanging descriptive metadata on
formatted tape cartridges. IBM Spectrum Archive eliminates the need for
additional tape management and software to access data.

IBM Spectrum Archive offers three software solutions for managing your digital files with the
LTFS format: Single Drive Edition (SDE), Library Edition (LE), and Enterprise Edition (EE).
With IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition and IBM Spectrum Scale tape can now add
savings as a low-cost storage tape tier.
Network-attached unstructured data storage with native tape support that uses Linear Tape
File System delivers the best mix of performance and lowest cost storage.
1.5.1 Key capabilities

IBM Spectrum Archive options can support small, medium, and enterprise businesses with
these features:
򐂰 Seamless virtualization of storage tiers
򐂰 Policy-based placement of data
򐂰 Single universal namespace for all file data
򐂰 Security and protection of assets
򐂰 Open, non-proprietary, cross platform interchange
򐂰 Integrated functionality with IBM Spectrum Scale
1.5.2 Benefits
IBM Spectrum Archive enables direct, intuitive, and graphical access to data stored in IBM
tape drives and libraries by incorporating the LTFS format standard for reading, writing, and
exchanging descriptive metadata on formatted tape cartridges. IBM Spectrum Archive
eliminates the need for additional tape management and software to access data.
IBM Spectrum Archive takes advantage of the low cost of tape storage and making it as easy
to use as drag. Here are several of the IBM Spectrum Archive benefits:
򐂰 Access and manage all data in stand-alone tape environments as simply as though it were
on disk
򐂰 Enable easy-as-disk access to single or multiple cartridges in a tape library
򐂰 Improve efficiency and reduce costs for long-term, tiered storage
򐂰 Optimize data placement for cost and performance
򐂰 Enable data file sharing without proprietary software
򐂰 Scalable, low cost
1.5.3 IBM Linear Tape File System

LTFS is the first file system that works with LTO generation 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape technology (or
the IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives) to set a new standard for ease
of use and portability for open systems tape storage. With this application, accessing data
that is stored on an IBM tape cartridge is as easy and intuitive as using a USB flash drive.
Tapes are self-describing, and you can quickly recall any file from a tape without having to
read the whole tape from beginning to end.
Furthermore, any LTFS-capable system can read a tape that is created by any other
LTFS-capable system (regardless of the operating system platform). Any LTFS-capable
system can identify and retrieve the files that are stored on it.

LTFS-capable systems have the following characteristics:
򐂰 Files and directories are displayed to you as a directory tree listing.
򐂰 More intuitive searches of cartridge and library content are now possible due to the
addition of file tagging.
򐂰 Files can be moved to and from LTFS tape by using the familiar drag-and-drop metaphor
common to many operating systems.
򐂰 Many applications that were written to use files on disk can now use files on tape without
any modification.
򐂰 All standard File Open, Write, Read, Append, Delete, and Close functions are supported.
1.5.4 IBM Spectrum Archive editions

As shown in Figure 1-21, IBM Spectrum Archive is available in different editions that support
small, medium, and enterprise businesses.
Figure 1-21 IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition, Library Edition, and Enterprise Edition implementations
IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition

IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition (EE) gives organizations an easy way to use
cost-effective IBM tape drives and libraries within a tiered storage infrastructure. By using
tape libraries instead of disks for Tier 2 and Tier 3 data storage, data that is stored for
long-term retention, organizations can improve efficiency and reduce costs.
In addition, IBM Spectrum Archive EE seamlessly integrates with the scalability,

manageability, and performance of IBM Spectrum Scale, an IBM enterprise file management
platform that enables organizations to move beyond simply adding storage to optimizing data
management.

Here are some of the IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition highlights:
򐂰 Simplify tape storage with LTFS format, which is combined with the scalability,
manageability, and performance of IBM Spectrum Scale
򐂰 Help reduce IT expenses by replacing tiered disk storage (Tier 2 and Tier 3) with IBM tape
libraries
򐂰 Expand archive capacity simply by adding and provisioning media, without impacting the
availability of data already in the pool
򐂰 Add extensive capacity to IBM Spectrum Scale installations with lower media, floor space,
and power costs
IBM Spectrum Archive EE for the IBM TS4500, IBM TS4300, IBM TS3500, and IBM TS3310
tape libraries provides seamless integration of IBM Spectrum Archive with IBM Spectrum
Scale by creating an LTFS tape tier. You can run any application that is designed for disk files
on tape by using IBM Spectrum Archive EE. IBM Spectrum Archive EE can play a major role
in reducing the cost of storage for data that does not need the access performance of primary
disk. Improve efficiency and reduce costs for long-term, tiered storage.
With IBM Spectrum Archive EE, you can enable the use of LTFS for the policy management
of tape as a storage tier in a IBM Spectrum Scale environment and use tape as a critical tier
in the storage environment. IBM Spectrum Archive EE supports IBM Linear Tape-Open
(LTO) Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives; IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape
drives that are installed in TS4500 and TS3500 tape libraries; and LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5
tape drives that are installed in the TS3310 tape libraries.
The use of IBM Spectrum Archive EE to replace disks with tape in Tier 2 and Tier 3 storage
can improve data access over other storage solutions because it improves efficiency and
streamlines management for files on tape. IBM Spectrum Archive EE simplifies the use of
tape by making it not apparent to the user and manageable by the administrator under a
single infrastructure.

Figure 1-22 shows the integration of IBM Spectrum Archive EE archive solution with IBM
Spectrum Scale.
Figure 1-22 Integration of IBM Spectrum Scale and IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition
The seamless integration offers transparent file access in a continuous namespace. It

provides these features:
򐂰 File-level write and read caching with disk staging area
򐂰 Policy-based movement from disk to tape
򐂰 Creation of multiple data copies on different tapes
򐂰 Load balancing and high availability in multi-node clusters
򐂰 Data exchange on LTFS tape by using import and export function
򐂰 Fast import of file name space from LTFS tapes without reading data
򐂰 Built-in tape reclamation and reconciliation
򐂰 Simple administration and management
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive, see the following website:
https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/storage/spectrum
IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition

IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition extends the file manager capability of the
IBM Spectrum Archive SDE. IBM Spectrum Archive LE is introduced with Version 2.0 of
LTFS. Enable easy-as-disk access to single or multiple cartridges in a tape library.
LTFS is the first file system that works with IBM tape technology to optimize ease of use and
portability for open-systems tape storage. It manages the automation and provides operating
system-level access to the contents of the library.

IBM Spectrum Archive LE is based on the LTFS format specification, enabling tape library
cartridges to be interchangeable with cartridges that are written with the open source SDE
version of IBM Spectrum Archive. IBM Spectrum Archive LE supports most IBM tape
libraries:
򐂰 TS2900 tape autoloader
򐂰 TS3100 tape library
IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and IBM TS1140 tape drives are supported on IBM TS4500
and IBM TS3500 tape libraries only.
IBM Spectrum Archive LE enables the reading, writing, searching, and indexing of user data
on tape and access to user metadata. Metadata is the descriptive information about user
data that is stored on a cartridge. Metadata enables searching and accessing of files through
the graphical user interface (GUI) of the operating system. IBM Spectrum Archive LE
supports both Linux and Microsoft Windows.
IBM Spectrum Archive LE provides the following product features:

򐂰 Direct access and management of data on tape libraries with LTO Ultrium 8 (LTO-8), LTO
Ultrium 7 (LTO-7), LTO Ultrium 6 (LTO-6), and LTO Ultrium 5 (LTO-5) tape drives, and the
TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives
򐂰 Tagging of files with any text, allowing more intuitive searches of cartridge and library
content
򐂰 Exploitation of the partitioning of the media in LTO tape format standard
򐂰 One-to-one mapping of tape cartridges in tape libraries to file folders
򐂰 Capability to create a single file system mount point for a logical library that is managed by
a single instance of LTFS and runs on a single computer system
򐂰 Capability to cache tape indexes and to search, query, and display tape content within an
IBM tape library without having to mount tape cartridges
The IBM Spectrum Archive LE offers the same basic capabilities as the SDE with additional
support of tape libraries. Each LTFS tape cartridge in the library appears as an individual
folder within the file space. The user or application can navigate into each of these folders to
access the files that are stored on each tape. The IBM Spectrum Archive LE software
automatically controls the tape library robotics to load and unload the necessary LTFS
Volumes to provide access to the stored files.
IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition

The IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition implements the LTFS Format and allows
tapes to be formatted as an LTFS Volume. These LTFS Volumes can then be mounted by
using LTFS to allow users and applications direct access to files and directories that are
stored on the tape. No integration with tape libraries exists in this edition. All data can be
accessed and managed in stand-alone tape environments as simply as though it were on
disk.

1.6 IBM Tape System Library Manager
IBM Tape System Library Manager Version 1.2 (TSLM) expands and simplifies the use of
IBM TS4500 tape libraries by providing a consolidated view of multiple libraries that can store
more tan 3 EB. The tape pathing maintenance and definitions can be reduced by up to 75%.
TSLM provides a resource management layer between applications, such as IBM Spectrum
Protect and the tape library hardware. Essentially, TSLM decouples tape resources from
applications, which simplifies the aggregation and sharing of tape resources.
TSLM provides the following benefits:

򐂰 Consolidated, mainframe-class media management services
򐂰 Centralized repository, access control, and administration
򐂰 Management beyond physical library boundaries:
– Access multiple TS4500 or TS3500 tape libraries as a single library image
– TS3500 tape libraries can be separate (at SAN distances) or connected in a shuttle
complex
򐂰 Dynamic sharing of resources across heterogeneous application boundaries
򐂰 Security features to permit or prevent application access to tapes:
– Helps to enable common scratch pool and private pools for every application
– Ensures secure use and visibility
򐂰 Policy-based drive and cartridge allocation
򐂰 Policy-based media-lifecycle management
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Protect:
– Simplified path management
– Simplified device sharing
򐂰 Emulation of an IBM 3494 library on top of an attached TS4500 library

Figure 1-23 shows the architecture.
IBM TS4500 IBM TS4500 IBM TS4500
Figure 1-23 IBM Tape System Library Manager architecture
TSLM is composed of the following modules with specific functions:

򐂰 Media Manager
The Media Manager (MM) is the central server component which, among other tasks,
coordinates access to drives and cartridges, handles volume allocation and deallocation
requests, and stores a log of all activities. The MM uses a TSLM bundled (and
constrained) version of IBM DB2® for persistent storage.
򐂰 Library Manager
The Library Manager (LM) provides the MM access to library media changers. The LM
reports all slots, tape drives, and cartridges to the MM, controls libraries on behalf of the
MM, and encapsulates (that is, virtualizes) the library hardware. Because of this
virtualization, new library hardware can be integrated into TSLM without any changes to
an installed MM.
򐂰 Library Manager for CMC
Library management and sharing for the Connected Media Changer (CMC) is only for the
IBM TS4500 tape library, or the TS3500 tape library shuttle complex, and includes the
following functions:
– The ability to discover shuttle connections in the shuttle configuration
– The ability to identify connected libraries that have a shuttle connection to a specific
library
– The ability to use direct flight to shuttle cartridges from one library to another library
򐂰 Host Drive Manager
The Host Drive Manager (HDM) reports all local device handles to MM, runs mount and
unmount commands, checks the path before a cartridge is loaded, and reports statistical
data to MM when a cartridge is unloaded.

򐂰 External Library Manager
The External Library Manager (ELM) serves as a management layer between
IBM Spectrum Protect and the TSLM Media Management software. It translates the
IBM Spectrum Protect External Media Management Interface (EMMI) API into commands
of the IEEE 1244 Media Management Protocol that is understood by TSLM. The ELM
executable file must be on the same server that runs the IBM Spectrum Protect server for
TSLM because the IBM Spectrum Protect server directly runs the ELM executable file.
The ELM executable file communicates with TSLM over a TCP/IP connection.
For more information about this product, see IBM Tape System Library Manager Version 1
Release 1 User’s Guide, GA32-2208, which is available at the following web page:
http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=pub1ga32220802

2
Chapter 2. Overview of IBM LTO Ultrium

tape drives
The Linear Tape-Open (LTO) program was conceived as a joint initiative of IBM,
Hewlett-Packard, and Seagate Technology. In 1997, the three technology provider
companies set out to enable the development of best-in-class tape storage products by
consolidating state-of-the-art technologies from numerous sources. In November 1997, they
produced a joint press release about LTO technology. The three technology provider
companies for LTO technology are now IBM Corporation, Hewlett-Packard (HP), and
Quantum.
In the tape storage industry, the member companies saw a common set of problems affecting
clients in the midrange and network server areas. Multiple tape options were available, each
offering certain strengths in terms of capacity, performance, data integrity, reliability, and
cost, but no single option seemed to meet all of these client needs effectively. The objective
of LTO technology was to establish new open-format specifications for high-capacity,
high-performance tape storage products for use in the midrange and network server
computing environments and to enable superior tape product options.
This chapter provides information about the LTO format specifications in general terms,
including the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh generation Ultrium
technologies. The documented LTO specification includes information referring to the data
cartridge, the format in which data is written, elements of the drive specification relating to
that format, and the compression algorithm description. This information applies to all product
offerings of LTO manufacturers to ensure cartridge interchangeability.
The information in this chapter that relates to the LTO Ultrium drive also relates to the IBM
LTO Ultrium drive. It might differ from information from other manufacturers in regard to
features, such as data rate and reliability.

򐂰 2.1, “The LTO organization” on page 38
򐂰 2.2, “Tape encryption overview” on page 59
򐂰 2.3, “IBM LTO Ultrium highlights” on page 64
򐂰 2.4, “IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drives” on page 71

򐂰 2.7, “IBM LTO Ultrium family of tape drives and libraries” on page 89
2.1 The LTO organization

For more information about marketing, technical, and licensing for the Linear Tape-Open
program, see the following websites:
򐂰 http://www.lto-technology.com
򐂰 http://www.ultrium.com
2.1.1 Overview
Two LTO formats (Ultrium and Accelis) were introduced in 1997, and licenses for the
technology were made available. Since then, the Accelis format has not been actively
pursued by manufacturers because it is apparent that the Ultrium format meets market needs.
The three LTO sponsoring companies took steps to protect client investment by providing a
Generation 12 roadmap that illustrates native capacity (see Figure 2-1). They also
established an infrastructure to enable compatibility between products.
Important: IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Quantum reserve the right to change the
information in this migration path without notice.
Figure 2-1 Generation 12 roadmap1
1
For more information, see LTO Technology at this website:
http://www.lto.org/technology/what-is-lto-technology

The LTO Ultrium compatibility investment protection is provided based on the following
principles:
򐂰 An Ultrium drive is expected to write data to a cartridge in its own generation and to a
cartridge from the immediate previous generation in the format of that generation.
򐂰 LTO 1 to 7 drives are expected to read data from a cartridge in its own generation and at
least the two previous generations.
򐂰 From LTO 8, the Ultrium drive is expected to read from a cartridge in its own generation
and one previous generations.
For more information about compatibility among the available Ultrium media, see 2.3.1, “IBM
LTO Ultrium compatibility” on page 64.
The three technology provider companies (IBM, HP, and Quantum) all made significant
contributions of time and expertise to the definition of the LTO format specifications. All three
companies have deep knowledge of client needs. They provided expert knowledge and
engineering skill in the critical areas of magnetic recording technology, mechanism design,
media materials, and cartridge design. This cooperative process created stronger LTO format
definitions than any of the individual companies might have developed working alone.
Open licensing and manufacturing

To answer industry calls for open-tape format specifications, LTO format specifications were
made available to all who want to participate through standard licensing provisions. More than
30 companies, including IBM, HP, and Quantum, became LTO technology licensees. The
licensees include an impressive array of worldwide storage industry leaders, including the
following companies who currently passed the compliance verification requirements to sell
LTO Ultrium branded tape drives and cartridges:
򐂰 IBM Corporation
򐂰 FujiFilm Corporation
򐂰 Hewlett-Packard Company
򐂰 Quantum Corporation
򐂰 Sony Corporation
For more information about Linear Tape-Open Technology (LTO) licensed companies;
https://www.lto.org/
In attracting these other industry-leading companies, LTO program technology and LTO
specified products (tape drives and tape storage cartridges) can reach the market from
multiple manufacturers, not just the technology provider companies. This availability is critical
to meeting an open market objective and is accomplished through open licensing of the
technology.
License packages
The following combinations of packages are available for potential licensees:
򐂰 Ultrium Specification Document provides the opportunity to review the Ultrium format
specification with minimal investment and is suitable for companies that are interested in a
feasibility investigation.
򐂰 Ultrium Tape Cartridge License Package is for companies that are only interested in
designing Ultrium tape cartridges.
򐂰 Ultrium Tape Mechanism License Package enables licensees to design Ultrium tape drive
mechanisms.
Chapter 2. Overview of IBM LTO Ultrium tape drives 39

Each license package contains one or all of the following types of documents:
򐂰 Format specification documentation provides technical information about the format that is
necessary to develop mechanisms and cartridges that interchange between products of
the same format.
򐂰 License documentation provides more technical information about tolerance
interdependencies and interchange verification testing. It also provides a conceptual
overview of the design.
򐂰 The trademark style guide describes the use of the Ultrium trademarks and logos.
Figure 2-2 shows an example of an LTO Ultrium logo.
Figure 2-2 Ultrium logo example
More information: For more information about packages, documentation, and licensing,
see the following LTO web page:
http://www.lto.org/licensing
Compliance verification
The technical strategy for accomplishing format compliance verification among the licensees
was defined and an independent Compliance Verification Entity (CVE) was selected. To
promote interchangeability of tape cartridges, a third-party verification test company was
enlisted to perform specification compliance verification testing. These tests are required
annually for all companies that use the logo.
The objective of the compliance testing is to test only the ability to produce, read, or write
Ultrium cartridges that meet the format specifications. The objective of this format compliance
testing is not to evaluate Ultrium drive quality, mean time before failures (MTBF), physical
form factor, or other parameters that are not directly related to the LTO program formats and
interchangeability. LTO program licensees have wide latitude to establish their own
mechanical, electrical, and logical designs to meet the format specifications. These factors
are not tested as part of the compliance verification process.
2.1.2 LTO standards

LTO technology was originally developed for two open-tape format specifications: Accelis and
Ultrium. The Accelis format (fast-access) is not being developed because the Ultrium format
provides adequate fast-access performance.
LTO core technology

Multichannel linear serpentine recording is at the core of the LTO formats. It enables an
optimum balance of reliability and data integrity, performance, and high capacity. In the LTO
recording format, data is written in tracks that run down the length of the tape.

The LTO Ultrium 8 format records data on 6656 tracks across the ½-inch tape width. This
linear recording format has a serpentine characteristic. The drive mechanism makes multiple
passes from the beginning of the tape to the end of the tape and back to read or write the full
capacity of the cartridge.
In the LTO Ultrium 8 format, the 6656 tracks are split into four data bands of 1664 tracks each,
and 32 read/write channels. Table 2-1 shows the values for the Ultrium 8 and previous LTO
generations.
Table 2-1 Data tracks, density, and channels

LTO generation Data tracks Tracks/band Linear density Read/write channels
Ultrium 1 384 96 124 kbpi 8
Ultrium 2 512 128 188 kbpi 8
Ultrium 3 704 176 250 kbpi 16
Ultrium 4 896 224 328 kbpi 16
Ultrium 5 1280 320 368 kbpi 16
Ultrium 6 2176 544 385 kbpi 16
Ultrium 7 3584 896 485 kbpi 32
Ultrium 8 6656 1664 524 kbpi 32
Data is written to the innermost bands first to provide protection to the data that was recorded
earliest in the process by writing it in the center, which is the most physically stable area on
the tape. Data also is verified as it is written.
During the first pass down the length of the tape up to 32 tracks (see the “Read/write
channels” column in Table 2-1) are concurrently read or written. At the end of the tape, the
second pass of the starts. The read/write heads are indexed and positioned over 32 new
tracks, and the tape reverses direction back toward the beginning of the tape to complete the
round trip. For the next round trip, the heads again are indexed to a new position over a new
group of 32 tracks.
Because track densities (as shown in Table 2-1) are high, and because the tape is subject to
lateral movement as it is moved, the read/write heads must always be positioned precisely
over the correct tracks for performance and data integrity. This positioning is accomplished by
using the timing-based servo technique. This technique makes it possible to use high track
densities (now and in the future) without changing the format of the media. This technique
also provides the ability to read data, even with media imperfections.
In the LTO system, electronic signals are generated through the real-time reading of servo
data bands that are pre-recorded on the LTO tape. These signals enable the servo system to
dynamically control the positioning of the read/write heads across the width of the tape.
Similar magnetically based, track-following servo systems are used successfully in tens of
thousands of tape drives that are in use today, such as the IBM 3590 tape drive (IBM 3590)
and IBM 3592 tape drive (IBM 3592).
The LTO formats also use advanced error correction codes for data integrity. These systems
automatically correct most cross-track errors and provide data correction even if a full track is
lost. Data is further protected by the demarcation of bad areas of the tape (for example,
where servo signals are unreliable) and through dynamically rewriting bad blocks.

Cartridge memory is embedded in the LTO cartridges to record use and error information. A
noncontacting radio frequency (RFI) module, with nonvolatile memory capacity of 16,320
bytes for Ultrium 8, Ultrium 7 and Ultrium 6, 8192 bytes for Ultrium 5 and Ultrium 4, and 4096
for LTO Ultrium 3, provides for storage and retrieval.
Ultrium tape formats

Figure 2-3 show the IBM Ultrium cartridges, which are distinguished by color. The Ultrium 6
cartridge is colored black, the Ultrium 7 cartridge colored purple and the Ultrium 8 cartridge
colored is burgundy.
The IBM Write Once Read Many (WORM) cartridges are two-tone cartridges with a platinum
bottom. The top is like the normal LTO Ultrium cartridges.
The Ultrium 6 WORM cartridge is colored black with a platinum bottom, the Ultrium 7 WORM
is purple with platinum bottom and the Ultrium 8 WORM is Burundy with platinum bottom.
Figure 2-3 IBM LTO Ultrium 7 and Ultrium 7 WORM tape cartridges
The Ultrium tape format specification is optimized for high capacity and performance with
outstanding reliability, in a stand-alone or automated environment. The Ultrium cartridge uses
a larger single-reel design (see Figure 2-3) and ½-inch tape to provide ultra-high storage
capacity. The tape is extracted from the cartridge by the tape drive through a leader pin and is
wound onto a take-up reel that is contained within the drive.
This design is focused on client requirements for high capacity and performance and is
ideally suited for backup, restore, and archive applications.
Ultrium drive technology is intended to meet the needs of the enterprise on a roadmap, or
migration path, that extends well into the future. The Ultrium tape format established a new
benchmark for large volume backup and archive options.
WORM tape format

Beginning with LTO Ultrium format generation 3, WORM functionality provides for
nonerasable, nonrewritable operation with tape media and is for long-term, tamper-resistant
record retention. LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, 5, and 4 drives provide the same WORM capability with
higher data capacity.

The format specification for WORM for LTO Ultrium generations includes low-level encoding
in the cartridge memory and is mastered into the servo pattern as part of the manufacturing
process. This encoding prevents tampering.
Data can be appended at the end of a WORM cartridge to which data was previously written,
which allows the full use of the high-capacity tape media.
Interleaved recording
The LTO drive uses an interleaved, serpentine, longitudinal recording format. The first set of
data tracks is written from near the physical beginning of the tape to near the physical end of
the tape. The head then repositions to the next set of tracks for the return. This process
continues until all tracks are written and the tape is full.
The format of the recording of the data and servo tracks is defined as part of the LTO
specification to meet the requirement for interchange among implementations of different
manufacturers.
Servo tracks
Servo tracks or bands enable accurate positioning of the tape drive head over the data track,
which ensures that the head does not stray onto an adjacent track. They are necessary to
support high-data densities on the tape where the tracks are extremely close together. The
servo bands are written when the cartridge is manufactured before the cartridge is usable for
data storage and retrieval. If the servo bands are erased, the tape becomes unusable.
2.1.3 Data compression

The LTO Consortium created a superior data compression technique that is known as LTO
Data Compression (LTO-DC). Although an excellent data compression algorithm, adaptive
lossless data compression (ALDC) is not optimized for incompressible data, such as
encrypted or previously compressed data. For incompressible data, it is best not to apply any
data compression algorithm, but rather to pass the input data directly to the compressed data
stream (pass-through).
Given the variations in data, there are times when ALDC is desirable and times when a simple
pass-through is better. For example, if ALDC-based data compression is used, it is best if all
segments of incompressible data are recorded without expansion by using a pass-through
technique. Figure 2-4 shows the LTO-DC data compression technique that uses the two
schemes.
Buffer
Pass-thru
Input Data
Logic
Selection
Compressed
Data Stream
ALDC
Figure 2-4 LTO-DC block diagram
The ability to swap schemes between ALDC and a pass-through mode gives a tape drive the
power to automatically adapt to the incoming data stream.

No standardization of when to swap modes (scheme swap) when compressing data was
specified by LTO-DC. LTO-DC was approved by Ecma International as the Streaming
Lossless Data Compression (SLDC) standard. For more information, see this website:
http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/ECMA-321.htm
Compression technique: LTO uses the SLDC technique for compression. The IBM 3592
tape drive also uses the SLDC compression technique.
Because no standardization is specified, all vendor implementations might perform scheme

swapping differently. What is specified and tested is that the resultant compressed data
stream is decompressible by the defined set of LTO-DC rules. This capability enables
interchange between drives from multiple vendors. Each vendor’s Ultrium drive can read and
decompress the LTO-DC streams of the other vendors’ Ultrium drives.
2.1.4 Tape cartridge

The Ultrium tape cartridge is a single-reel cartridge, meaning that the whole tape is wrapped
around a single reel when the cartridge is not loaded in a drive. During the loading process,
the threader of the drive catches the leader pin of the tape and threads it through the drive
and the machine reel. During the read/write process, the tape is stored on the machine reel
and the cartridge.
Figure 2-5 and Figure 2-6 on page 45 show two views of the tape cartridge.
Arrow indicating direction

of loading into the drive
Sliding door access

Write-protect to tape for Read/Write
switch
Notch for drive load

Label area mechanism
(rear)
Notch for robotic
gripper mechanism
Figure 2-5 View of the Ultrium tape cartridge from the top and rear
The cartridge is approximately 10.2 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 2.2 cm high (which is
approximately 4 x 4.16 x 0.87 inches). The cartridge contains 12.6 mm (½-inch)
metal-particle tape with a high-density recording area.

Figure 2-6 shows several components of the cartridge.
Cartridge case cut away

to show location of LTO-CM
Rear (label area)
Finger grips
Notch for
robotic gripper
mechanism
Notch for
Direction of drive-load
loading into mechanism
drive (front) Misinsertion
protection
cutout
Figure 2-6 Ultrium cartridge view from top and front
The cartridge includes the following components:

򐂰 Grips
Molded areas on the cartridge casing that are finger grips for manual loading.
򐂰 Label area
At the designated area at the rear of the cartridge where the adhesive bar code label is
applied.
򐂰 Sliding door
The cartridge door (see Figure 2-5 on page 44) that protects the tape from contamination
whenever the cartridge is out of the drive. Behind the door, the tape is threaded onto a
leader pin (as shown in Figure 2-7), which is used to pull the tape from the cartridge for
use. A locking mechanism prevents the media from unwinding when the cartridge is not in
the drive.
Figure 2-7 Leader pin attached to the tape medium
򐂰 Notches
Two sets of molded notches in the cartridge casing are on the sides near the rear. The first
pair enables the robotic gripper to pull the cartridge out of the drive mouth after the
cartridge is unloaded. The second pair enables the drive to grip the cartridge and pull it
into the loading position inside the drive.

򐂰 Misinsertion protection
A cutout in the front side of the cartridge casing that prevents the cartridge from being
inserted into the drive in the wrong orientation. This feature prevents the use of unsuitable
cartridges of similar, but not identical, construction.
The various cartridges are color-coded for easy visual distinction, as shown in Table 2-2. (For
more information, see “Ultrium tape formats” on page 42).
Table 2-2 Data cartridge identification by case color

Data cartridge Case color
Ultrium 8 WORM Burgundy, platinum (silver gray) bottom
Ultrium 7 WORM Purple, platinum (silver gray) bottom
Ultrium 6 WORM Black top, platinum (silver gray) bottom
Ultrium 5 WORM Slate burgundy top, platinum (silver gray) bottom
Ultrium 4 WORM Slate green top, platinum (silver gray) bottom
Ultrium 3 WORM Slate blue top, platinum (silver gray) bottom
Ultrium 8 Burgundy
Ultrium 7 Purple
Ultrium 6 Black
Ultrium 5 Burgundy
Ultrium 4 Green
Ultrium 3 Slate blue
Although the servo tracks are similar on Ultrium 8 and Ultrium 7 cartridges, Ultrium 7
cartridges are required to used with an Ultrium 8 drive and achieve Ultrium 7 capacity.
Similarly, Ultrium 8, Ultrium 7, and Ultrium 6 cartridges are required to achieve their
respective drive capacities and performance. For more information about media compatibility
among the generation, see 2.3.1, “IBM LTO Ultrium compatibility” on page 64.
LTO data cartridge capacity

When the Ultrium tape cartridge is processed, the Ultrium tape drive uses a linear, serpentine
recording format. The Ultrium 5 drive writes data on 1280 tracks, also 16 tracks at a time. The
Ultrium 6 drive reads and writes data on 2176 tracks, 16 tracks at a time. The Ultrium 7 drive
reads and writes data on 3584 tracks, 32 tracks at a time. The Ultrium 8 drive reads and
writes data on 6656 tracks, 32 tracks at a time.
The first set of tracks is written from near the beginning of the tape to near the end of the
tape. The head then repositions to the next set of tracks for the return pass. This process
continues until all tracks are written and the cartridge is full or until all data is written.
To ensure that the IBM Ultrium tape drive conforms to the IBM specifications for reliability,
IBM suggests the use of only IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges. The IBM LTO Ultrium data
cartridges cannot be interchanged with the media that are used in other IBM non-LTO Ultrium
tape products.

Table 2-3 lists the native data capacity of Ultrium data cartridges.
Table 2-3 Native capacity

Data cartridge Native data capacity
Ultrium 8 and WORM 12 TB (30 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 7 M8 Format (for LTO8 9 TB (22.5 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)

drives only)
Ultrium 6 and WORM 2.5 TB (6.250 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 5 and WORM 1.50 TB (3 TB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 4 and WORM 800 GB (1.6 TB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 3 and WORM 400 GB (800 GB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 2 200 GB (400 GB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Metal particle tape medium

The metal particle tape medium consists of a transparent polyethylene base material with two
coatings. On one side, the base has two fine coats of a strong yet flexible ferromagnetic
material, which is dispersed in a suitable binder. This side is the surface on which the data is
written. The back surface is coated with a non-ferromagnetic conductive coating.
Metal particle media have high coercivity, which is a measure of their ability to retain their
magnetic properties after the data is written to the tape. Coercivity is one of the factors in
enabling a potentially longer shelf life than other media.
Cartridge memory
Within the cartridge is the LTO Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM), which is a passive, contactless
silicon storage device that is physically a part of the cartridge. The memory chip also is known
as medium auxiliary memory (MAM). For more information, see the IBM System Storage LTO
Tape Drive SCSI Reference (LTO-5 through LTO-8), GA32-0928.
Information about the cartridge and tape is written to the LTO-CM. The LTO-CM is only
accessible and used by the drive itself and contains no customer data. The LTO-CM is serial
Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) with read-only and
rewritable areas. It is housed inside the cartridge casing at the left rear (label side) corner as
shown in Figure 2-6 on page 45.
The LTO-CM is used to hold usage and error information about the cartridge, the media
inside that cartridge, and the data on the media. The storage capacity of the Generation 6, 7
and 8 LTO-CM is 16320 bytes, double the 8160-byte capacity of the Generation 5 and 4
LTO-CM. The Generations 3, 2, and 1 cartridges use a 4096-byte LTO-CM. The LTO-CM is
in the left rear corner of the cartridge. A copy of this information also is kept in the first data
set within the user data area and is given the data set number zero.
Communication between the drive and the LTO-CM is performed by a low-level radio
frequency (RF) field generated (in the IBM implementation) by the drive. The LTO-CM is
nonvolatile storage that is updated by using the RF field. It requires no other power source.
This type of technology has an expected shelf life of more than 30 years.

Although transparent to the user, keeping this type of information enhances the efficiency of
the drive and the cartridge. Data and block locations are stored in memory. For example, the
end-of-data location is stored so that when the tape is next loaded, the drive can use the fast
locate function to move directly to the recording area and begin recording.
Storing data about the age of the cartridge, the number of times it was loaded, and the
number of errors it has accumulated aids in determining the reliability of the cartridge. This
data is of particular value if it is stored with the cartridge itself, so that whenever the cartridge
is mounted on any host system, the history is accessible.
This product is not the first tape product where information was kept on the cartridge.
However, previously it was written on the tape medium itself in a portion of the tape not
accessible to users, before the beginning-of-tape marker, such as in the IBM 3590 tape drive.
Bar code label

Each data and cleaning cartridge that is processed by an Ultrium tape library must have a bar
code label. This bar code label is mandatory for libraries that have an installed bar code
reader. The label, as shown in Figure 2-8, contains a human-readable volume serial number
or volume label and the corresponding machine-readable bar code.
Figure 2-8 Bar code label example
The bar code has the following format:

򐂰 Quiet zones at each end of the bar code.
򐂰 A start character indicating the beginning of the label.
򐂰 A six-character volume label.
򐂰 A two-character cartridge media-type identifier (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, M8, or L8),
which identifies the cartridge as an LTO cartridge (“L”) and indicates the LTO generation.
Note: The M8 identifier designates a LTO7 media formatted for use in LTO8
򐂰 Other identifiers also are specified by the LTO standard. Therefore, the LTO-5 WORM
cartridge is identified by LV, the LTO-6 WORM cartridge is identified by LW, the LTO-7
WORM cartridge is identified by LX, and the LTO-8 WORM cartridge is identified by LY.
򐂰 A stop character indicating the end of the label.

When read by the bar code reader of the library, the bar code identifies the volume label of
the cartridge to the tape library. The bar code volume label also indicates to the library
whether the cartridge is a data, cleaning, or diagnostic cartridge.
Tape cartridges are often supplied with the labels already attached, or labels can be attached
after purchase. The Ultrium cartridge features a recessed area for the label (see Figure 2-5
on page 44). The label must be applied only in the recessed label area. If the label extends
outside of the recessed label area, it can cause loading problems in the drive.
Volume label format

The LTO cartridge label uses the Uniform Symbol Specification-39 bar code symbols.
The volume label of a cartridge consists of six characters, starting from the left. Except for
cleaning and diagnostic cartridges, these six characters are limited to the following ASCII
characters:
򐂰 Uppercase A - Z (ASCII character code: 41h - 5Ah)
򐂰 0 - 9 (ASCII character code: 30h - 39h)
The volume label must consist of six, all uppercase alphabetic, all numeric, or alphanumeric
characters, such as ABCGVE, 123621, or F8H5N9. The volume label cannot consist of fewer
than six characters.
A volume label format of CLNUnn represents a universal cleaning cartridge. A volume label
of the form CLNvnn is used for a unique cleaning cartridge, where v is an alphanumeric
identifier that represents the vendor of a drive-unique cleaning cartridge. An IBM-unique
cleaner cartridge uses the label format CLNInn. This identifier is logged in the vendor
information pages in the Ultrium tape drive.
A volume label of the form DG(space)vnn is used for diagnostic and service cartridges. The
drive uses the v to determine whether the drive-unique diagnostic cartridge is loaded. The nn
represents a specific cartridge and is logged in the vendor information pages in the Ultrium
tape drive.
The internal and external labels on a cartridge do not need to match. Therefore, the volume
label on the bar code label does not need to match the volume label that is recorded on the
tape in the tape label area when it is initialized. However, it is preferable for them to match to
avoid confusion.
Ordering bar code labels

For more information about ordering bar code labels, see Appendix B, “IBM LTO Ultrium and
3592 media” on page 289.
Write-protect switch
The write-protect switch is at the front of the cartridge to the left of the bar code label (see
Figure 2-5 on page 44). The position of the write-protect switch on the tape cartridge
determines whether the tape can be written to. The tape cannot be written to when the switch
is pushed to the right. When the write-protect switch is set to inhibit writing, a visual lock mark
(such as a padlock) is visible.
In most cases, back up and recovery host application software is used to achieve the most
benefit from the use of an LTO system. It is better to rely on the host application software to
write-protect the cartridges rather than to manually set the write-protect switch. This way, the
host software can identify a cartridge that no longer contains current data and is eligible to
become a scratch cartridge. If the switch is set and the host application sets the cartridge to
scratch status, the tape drive is unable to write new data to the tape.

Cartridge life
The magnetic tape inside the cartridge is made of highly durable materials. However, the tape
wears after repeated cycles. Eventually, such wear can cause an increase in tape errors,
records of which are stored in the LTO-CM. Cartridge performance can be tracked and
monitored, which enables predictive failure analysis and enhances data integrity. This
tracking is done automatically, and the drive issues a message when errors on the tape
exceed a threshold.
The IBM Ultrium 8,7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 data cartridges have a usable life of 20,000 load and
unload cycles in a typical computer environment. Ultrium 1 and Ultrium 2 data cartridges have
a usable life of 10,000 load and unload cycles. The data that is recorded on the cartridge has
an archive storage life of a minimum of 30 years with less than 5% loss in demagnetization.
The cartridge must be stored at 16° C (60° F) to 25° C (77° F), with 20 - 50% non-condensing
humidity, and a wet bulb temperature of 26° C (79° F) maximum.
Specifications for cleaning cartridges

In the past, to support client and application requirements and expectations for cleaning, each
LTO drive vendor provided its own cleaning cartridge specifically for its Ultrium drives. To
avoid potential interoperability problems, the LTO consortium decided to introduce a universal
cleaning cartridge. IBM offers only the universal cleaning cartridge type that can be used on
any LTO drive type.
The IBM Ultrium LTO tape drive is self-monitoring and self-cleaning. Therefore, use the
automatic cleaning function that is provided with the library or by the application as
recommended by IBM. Each drive determines when it must be cleaned and alerts the library
or the application to initiate a cleaning cycle.
To prevent recontamination of drive surfaces, each specific cleaner cartridge is limited up to

50 cleaning cycles. Cleaner tape use is determined by the length of the tape that is already
used, and so the average number of cleaning cycles for a cleaning cartridge is 50, but it can
be marked used before, or after, 50 mounts.
2.1.5 IBM LTO Ultrium common subassembly drive

Certain elements of the Ultrium drive design are covered by the LTO format specification,
such as anything related to writing the specified data format that enables tape interchange.
However, there is no strict LTO definition in terms of how the drive module is constructed.
Therefore, in this area, manufacturer drives might differ from each other in performance and
specification, such as the data rate or quality design points.
This section relates specifically to the IBM LTO implementation. However, it emphasizes
again that the IBM LTO Ultrium cartridges are compatible with those of all other licensed
manufacturers.

The IBM LTO Ultrium common subassembly drive (as shown in Figure 2-9) is a
high-performance, high-capacity tape drive. The drive records data by using the specified
linear serpentine recording format on ½-inch tape that is housed within the LTO Ultrium
cartridge. The data tracks are located by using preformatted servo tracks, as described in
“Servo tracks” on page 43.
Figure 2-9 IBM LTO Ultrium common subassembly
The original basic unit was the first-generation IBM LTO series of products. Subsequent
generations of IBM LTO promote extensive reuse, making the IBM Ultrium drives extremely
reliable. Especially starting in LTO-3, several reliability improvements were made to tape path
and internal tape handling. These units are a common subassembly and do not have an IBM
machine type.
The subassembly is not available for clients to purchase directly, but only as a part number
that is used in the assembly of other IBM machine types. The subassembly does not have its
own power supply, but is powered by the library, frame, or casing into which it is integrated.
The IBM machine types that integrate the subassembly are addressed in 2.7, “IBM LTO
Ultrium family of tape drives and libraries” on page 89, and in later chapters. The
subassembly is sold on the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) market to other LTO
library manufacturers. The common subassembly is a single field-replaceable unit (FRU).
That is, if it fails, the whole unit is replaced, and no parts or subassemblies within the unit are
replaced when the drive is maintained by an IBM service support representative (SSR).
Drive head
When the cartridge is inserted into the drive, a threading mechanism pulls the leader pin and
attached tape (see Figure 2-7 on page 45) out of the cartridge, across the drive read/write
head, and onto a nonremovable take-up reel. The drive head can then read or write data from
or to the tape.

In generations 4, 5, and 6 the drive has a 2 x 16; in generations 7 and 8, the drive has 2 x 32
element head, reading or writing data on 16 or 32 tracks at a time, as shown in Figure 2-10.
Unlike the IBM 3590, for example, it does not cover the entire width of the tape.
Figure 2-10 One of 16/32 element heads shown with servo elements
The write elements are immediately followed by read/verify elements. Therefore, two sets of
eight head elements (eight write elements and eight read elements) allow the tape to write in
the forward and reverse directions down the length of the tape. Two sets of heads (read/write
and write/read) are required because the tape is written and read in both directions.
The LTO Generation 6, LTO Generation 5, LTO Generation 4, and Generation 3 drives have
a 2 x 16 element head, reading or writing data at 16 tracks at a time. The LTO Generation 8
and 7 drives have a 2 x 32 element head, reading or writing 32 tracks at a time. Conceptually,
they are similar except that higher number has elements of a smaller size.
Figure 2-11 shows the allocation of read and write heads for forward and reverse wraps.
Figure 2-11 Conceptual allocation of read and write heads for forward and reverse wrap
Four servo elements are used: Two for each set of read/write elements. The head uses both
servo tracks at each edge of the data band it writes.

For more information, an animated conceptual explanation can be found in the LTO Ultrium
technology primers at this website:
http://www.lto.org/technology/what-is-lto-technology
The animation on the website provides a basic understanding of LTO technology.
Data compression
As described in 2.1.3, “Data compression” on page 43, data compression implementation can
differ from vendor to vendor. However, all vendors conform to the basic rules, and the data
that is written by one vendor’s drive can be read by the drives of any other vendor.
The LTO consortium decided, as many other vendors also do in the open environment, to
indicate characteristics of LTO products for both native data and when assuming a data
compression ratio of 2:1. LTO-8, LTO-7, and LTO-6, have assumed a compression ratio of
2.5:1.
For enterprise-related (mainframe) tape products, IBM and other manufacturers assume a
compression ratio of 3:1, even though the IBM LTO and IBM 3592 use the same compression
algorithm (SLDC). In any case, the real compression that is reached by the drive depends on
the nature of the data. Any capacity sizing estimates should be based on the native value.
Interfaces
The IBM LTO Ultrium drive is available with a choice of the following interfaces:
򐂰 Serial-Attached SCSI (SAS)
򐂰 Fibre Channel (FC)
When an IBM tape drive product is ordered, a drive interface is chosen. The interface cannot
be changed after it is ordered. If a different interface is required, the complete drive assembly
must be replaced.
Fibre Channel connections that use SANs have become standard technology. SAS
connections are now the SCSI standard.
Historically, SCSI connections were used for attachment of tape drives and libraries to open
systems. These previous SCSI interfaces were:
򐂰 SCSI single-ended
򐂰 SCSI differential (HVD)
򐂰 SCSI differential (LVD)
Table 2-4 shows the SCSI terms that are used to describe different host and device adapters
and what they imply about bus width and speed.
Table 2-4 SCSI terms and descriptions

SCSI term Bus width Speed Maximum Maximum number
(bits) (MBps) length of devices
SCSI 8 5 6m 7
Fast SCSI 8 10 3m 7
Fast Wide SCSI 16 20 3m 15
Ultra (Wide) SCSI HVD 16 40 25 m 15

SCSI term Bus width Speed Maximum Maximum number
(bits) (MBps) length of devices
Ultra (Wide) SCSI 2 LVD 16 80 25 m/12 m 15
Ultra 160 SCSI LVD 16 160 12 m 15
Serial-attached SCSI history

Serial-attached SCSI (SAS) was introduced because parallel SCSI has a maximum
bandwidth of 320 MBps. There was a need for a faster interface to attach tapes and disks on
a host bus adapter (HBA). In 1981, Adaptec designed a standardized bus that became ANSI
approved. From that time forward, it was called Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).
SCSI attaches hard disks on an I/O bus. However, over the years, all types of devices were
able to connect to the SCSI bus, such as tape drives, scanners, plotters, printers, and optical
devices. As the types of devices changed, the bandwidth increased from 5 MBps up to 320
MBps, better known as Ultra320 SCSI.
In 2003, the SCSI bus speed was increased up to 640 MBps, but it never became a standard
for the SCSI speed. One problem when the SCSI speed increases is a phenomenon that is
called clock skew. Clock skew occurs in synchronous circuits in which the clock signal that is
sent from the clock circuit arrives at different components at different times.
This action is typically the result of two causes. The first cause is material variability, in which
a signal travels faster or slower than expected. The second cause is distance. The further a
signal must travel, the longer it takes to arrive. Therefore, signals arrive at different points at
different times. As the clock rate of a circuit increases, timing becomes more critical, and less
variation can be tolerated while still functioning properly.
The industry was looking for a new, faster interface. A serial version of SCSI was designed
and approved in 2002 by the SCSI Trade Association and by the International Committee for
Information Technology Standards. In 2005, the first devices came on the market with a SAS
interface. The first generation of SAS has a native speed of 3 Gbps and the current
generation of SAS is 6 Gbps. Figure 2-12 shows future generations on the SAS roadmap.
Figure 2-12 SAS roadmap2
2
The roadmap is published by SCSI Trade Association, which is available at this website:
http://www.scsita.org/library/2011/06/serial-attached-scsi-master-roadmap.html

A benefit of SAS is that it can communicate with Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA)
devices. SAS has a point-to-point architecture and a bandwidth of up to 600 MBps (6 Gbps
SAS interface). Because of its point-to-point architecture, more devices can be handled at the
same time on the bus with a maximum of 128 targets. Another advantage of SAS is that the
connection cables between the HBA and the devices are much thinner and more scalable.
SAS devices do not need external terminators. The I/O bus is electronically terminated. The
total cable length from the device to the HBA is limited to 5.5 m (18.04 ft.).
Figure 2-13 shows an IBM 6 Gbps SAS adapter, part number 46M0907.
Figure 2-13 SAS HBA with IBM part number 46M0907
The Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), small form-factor IBM 6 Gb SAS
HBA, is based on LSI's SAS2008 controller and can handle medium-capacity to
large-capacity server storage applications by connecting an eight-lane PCIe adapter with one
external x4 SFF-8088 connector and four internal SATA connectors.
The following connecting interfaces are used for connecting the external devices:
򐂰 Mini-SAS (SFF-8088), as shown in Figure 2-14
Figure 2-14 Mini-SAS (SFF-8088) connector
򐂰 SFF-8470, as shown in Figure 2-15
Figure 2-15 SAS (SFF-8470) connector

All IBM SAS tape drives have a Mini-SAS (SFF-8088) interface. SAS cables are available in
several lengths with a maximum length of 5.5 m (18.04 ft.) and in any combination of the
SFF-8470 and SFF-8088 connectors.
The requirements for SAS bus connections are different for the SCSI bus. Each tape drive is
required to have a dedicated bus to the initiator, referred to as point-to-point connection. SAS
architecture does not support multiple tape drives that are connected to a single host adapter
port.
The following IBM LTO tape drives are available with the SAS interface:
򐂰 IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Full-High and Half-High tape drive
Fibre Channel
One of the biggest challenges with SCSI tape technologies is the limited ability to share
storage devices between systems. Fibre Channel (FC) storage area networks (SANs) enable
greater connectivity of servers to storage devices, including tape drives. It becomes possible
to share devices easily between systems by Fibre Channel attaching them to SAN switches,
which allows any servers that are attached to that SAN fabric and have the correct SAN
zoning to access to the devices.
The latest FC devices are 8 Gbps capable, where older devices attach at 4 Gbps, 2 Gbps, or
1 Gbps. FC devices auto-negotiate speeds with switches to find the highest compatible
speed.
The following IBM LTO tape drives are available with the FC interface:
The maximum distances that a drive or library supports on a Fibre Channel link are
determined by the link speed and the device to which the drive or library is attached.
If the library attaches to a server HBA, the distances that are supported by that HBA should
be referred to. If the library attaches to a switch, the distances that are shown in Table 2-5 are
supported.
Table 2-5 50-micron cabling distances

Data rate/Link speed M5 (OM2) cable M5E (OM3) cable M5F (OM4) cable
8 Gbps 50 m (164 ft.) 150 m (492 ft.) 190 m (623 ft.)
4 Gbps 150 m (492 ft.) 380 m (1247 ft.) 400 m (1312 ft.)
2 Gbps 300 m (984 ft.) Not specified Not specified
1 Gbps 500 m (1640 ft.) Not specified Not specified
FC connector types
This section describes the following FC connector types:
򐂰 FC SC
򐂰 FC LC

FC SC
The duplex Subscriber Connector (SC) connector (as shown in Figure 2-16) is a low-loss,
push/pull fitting connector. Each of the two fibers has its own part of the connector. The
connector is keyed to ensure correct polarization (transmit to receive and receive to transmit)
when connected. Most 1 Gbps SAN devices, including IBM Ultrium 1 FC drives, use
SC connectors.
Figure 2-16 SC connector
FC LC
Connectors that plug into SFF or small form-factor pluggable (SFP) devices are called LC
connectors, as shown in Figure 2-17. Also, a duplex version is used so that the transmit and
receive are connected in one step. The primary advantage of these LC connectors compared
to SC connectors is that the LC connectors use a smaller form factor. Therefore,
manufacturers of Fibre Channel components can provide more connections in the same
amount of space.
Figure 2-17 LC connector
Most 2 Gbps or higher SAN devices, including the IBM Ultrium 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2 FC
drives, use LC connectors.
Interfaces for IBM Ultrium 3 tape drives

IBM Ultrium 3 drives offered the following connection types:
򐂰 Ultra 160 LVD SCSI that uses HD68 connector
򐂰 3 Gbps SAS
򐂰 6 Gbps dual SAS on version 2 (V2) Half-High models
򐂰 Switched FC 2 or 4 Gbps that use LC connector
򐂰 SCSI drives installed in the 3584 use the VHDCI connector
The FC drive can work in fabric or FC-AL mode. According to the SNIA standard, the drive
first attempts to connect as FC_AL. If this approach fails, the drive tries to log in as a fabric
device. It automatically senses the speed and connects with 1 Gbps, 2 Gbps, or 4 Gbps.
With the IBM 3584, the FC port speed and the FC protocol mode can be set.

Interfaces for IBM Ultrium 4 tape drives
IBM Ultrium 4 drives offered the following connection types:
򐂰 Ultra 160 SCSI LVD that uses HD68 connector
򐂰 3 Gbps dual port SAS
򐂰 6 Gbps dual SAS on version 2 (V2) Half-High models
򐂰 4 Gbps native FC
򐂰 8 Gbps FC that uses LC connector on version 2 (V2) Half-High models
device. It automatically senses the speed and connects with 1 Gbps, 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps, or 8
Gbps (V2).
Available interfaces for IBM Ultrium 5 and 6 tape drives

IBM Ultrium 5 and 6 drives offer the following connection types on Full-High and Half-High
models:
򐂰 USB 3.0
With the USB option, the drive has a single SAS port and a single USB port host interface.
The USB host interface supports USB 3.0 connectivity and can negotiate a transfer rate. It
also supports USB 2.0 connectivity at the slower transfer rates. The USB interface
auto-negotiates speed.
There are no configurable topologies, thus no feature switches associated with USB. The
tape drive with SAS/USB ports requires a device driver for USB 3.0 operation.
device. It automatically senses the speed and connects with 1 Gbps, 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps, or
8 Gbps.
Available interfaces for IBM Ultrium 7 and 8 tape drives

IBM Ultrium 7 and 8 drives offer the following connection types on Full-High and Half-High
models:
device. It automatically senses the speed and connects with 1 Gbps, 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps, or
8 Gbps.
IBM Ultrium drives can be connected to many different types of servers. For more information
about the server interface cards or host bus adapters (HBAs) that are supported by the IBM
Ultrium drives, see this website:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/support/storage/ssic

Important: When Fibre tape drives are connected to a Fibre HBA on the host server,
ensure that the Fibre Channel Tape Support option is enabled on the Fibre HBA so that
proper class 3 error recovery is performed on the Fibre Channel. For more information
about how to set this option, see the HBA manufacturer.
2.2 Tape encryption overview

Data is one of the most highly valued resources in a competitive business environment.
Protecting this data, controlling access to it, and verifying its authenticity while maintaining its
availability are priorities in this security-conscious world. Tape encryption is a process that
answers many of these needs.
Beginning with Ultrium 4 and TS1120 cartridge drives, the encryption of data on tape became
possible.
The IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, TS1120, Ultrium drives (including the
IBM Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives) can encrypt data as it is written to tape.
The TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, and TS1120 support multiple types of IBM
Enterprise 3592 tape cartridge, including WORM cartridges.
The Ultrium 5 drives support Ultrium 5 media for encryption, and the Ultrium 6 drives support
Ultrium 5 or Ultrium 6 data cartridges for data encryption, including WORM cartridges. The
Ultrium 7 drives support Ultrium 7 or Ultrium 6 data cartridges for data encryption, including
WORM cartridges. The Ultrium 8 drives support Ultrium 8 or Ultrium 7 data cartridges for data
encryption, including WORM cartridges. Encryption is performed at full line speed in the tape
drive after compression.
Note: Compression before encryption is more efficient, as compressing encrypted data

can affect the compression ratio. It is recommended not to mix software encryption with
hardware compression or hardware encryption with software compression.
Important: The encryption process is less than 1% of the performance impact on the
read/write throughput.
Encryption for the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives is available at no
charge.
The TS1160, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives can be installed in the TS3500 tape libraries.
The TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 drives can be installed in the TS4500 library.
For the Ultrium 8, Ultrium 7, Ultrium 6, and Ultrium 5 tape drives, the application-managed
encryption method is available at no charge. The stand-alone tape drives include the
application-managed encryption offering.
However, for those drives that are installed in libraries, system-managed and library-managed
encryption requires a billable feature code (FC5901 for TS2900, FC1604 for TS3500, FC5900
for all other libraries) to be installed to support transparent LTO encryption. IBM Security Key
Lifecycle Manager is also required in this case.

Supported tape libraries for different drives are shown in Table 2-6.
Table 2-6 Drive encryption support

Drive TS2900 TS3100 TS3200 TS3310 TS4300 TS3500 TS4500
LTO5 Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes
LTO6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TS1140 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes
Encryption adds significant strength to the security of the stored data without the processing
overhead and performance degradation that is associated with encryption that is performed
on the server or the expense of a dedicated appliance.
Encryption keys are used to encrypt data when it is written and to decrypt the data when it is
read from a data cartridge. IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager assists the
encryption-capable tape drives in generating, protecting, storing, and maintaining encryption
keys.
For more information about and examples of tape encryption, see IBM System Storage Tape
Encryption Solutions, SG24-7320.
2.2.1 IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager

IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is the IBM strategic platform for storage and delivery of
encryption keys to encrypting storage end-point devices.
Security Key Lifecycle Manager provides a simple solution to the complex problem of key
management. Traditionally, the more encryption you deploy, the more keys you have to
manage. These keys have their own lifecycles, separate from the data that they’re protecting,
and these lifecycles must be managed, from initialization and activation through expiration
and destruction. Security Key Lifecycle Manager can help you better manage the encryption
key lifecycle, allowing you to simplify, centralize, and automate your organization’s key-
management processes and reduce operational costs.
Security Key Lifecycle Manager serves keys at the time of use to allow for centralized storage
of key material in a secure location, a unique approach that supports multiple protocols for
serving symmetric and asymmetric keys. Users can also centrally create, import, distribute,
back up, archive, and manage the lifecycle of those keys by using a customizable graphical
user interface (GUI).
Security Key Lifecycle Manager provides an easy-to- use, web-based GUI that helps simplify
key configuration and management tasks. With this GUI, administrators can easily create
keystores, assign keys, and manage the lifecycle of both from a centralized console.

For more information about the Security Key Lifecycle Manager, see the IBM Security Key
Lifecycle Manager Information Center at this website:
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSWPVP_3.0.0.1/com.ibm.sklm.doc/welcom
e.htm
For more information about this offering, see the IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager
website:
https://www.ibm.com/us-en/marketplace/ibm-security-key-lifecycle-manager
Important: Because of the critical nature of keys in the keystore, ensure that the keystore
is backed up regularly. This way, it can be recovered as needed and can read the data
cartridges that were encrypted by using the certificate with that drive or library. Backups
should not be encrypted.
Also, Encryption Key Manager should not be downloaded for new tape encryption
installations. Encryption Key Manager still can be downloaded by existing Encryption Key
Manager customers that implemented Encryption Key Manager, or by IBM i5/OS
customers who want to run their key manager on i5/OS.
2.2.2 Encryption methods

The encryption methods for the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, and TS1120,
and the Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives differ slightly. These differences are described next.
The following sections also contain a brief description of encryption methods. In these
sections, we use the term Key Manager (KM) to refer to Security Key Lifecycle Manager and
any other key managers.
Symmetric key encryption

Encryption of data by using a symmetric key and algorithm is sometimes called private key
encryption or secret key, which is not to be confused with the private key in an asymmetric key
system. In a symmetric key system, the cipher key that is used for encrypting data is the
same as the cipher key that is used for decryption.
The encryption and decryption ciphers can be related by a simple transformation on the key,
or the encryption key and the decryption key can be identical. In the IBM Tape Encryption
solution Security Key Lifecycle Manager, the same encryption key is used for encryption and
decryption of the data. This key is protected by an asymmetric key algorithm and is never
available in clear text.
Symmetric key encryption is several orders of magnitude faster than asymmetric key
encryption. Secret key algorithms can support encryption 1 bit at a time or by specified blocks
of bits. The AES standard supports 128-bit block sizes and key sizes of 128, 192, and 256.
The IBM Tape Encryption solution uses the AES standard with a 256-bit key. Other
well-known symmetric key examples include Twofish, Blowfish, Serpent, Cast5, DES, TDES,
and IDEA.
Asymmetric key encryption

Another important method of encryption that is widely used today is referred to as
public/private key encryption or asymmetric encryption. When this encryption methodology is
used, ciphers are generated in pairs. The first key is used to encrypt the data, and the second
key is used to decrypt the data.

This technique was pioneered in the 1970s and represented a significant breakthrough in
cryptography. The RSA algorithm is the most widely used public key technique. The power of
this approach is a public key, which is used to encrypt the data. This public key can be widely
shared, and anyone who wants to send secure data to an organization can use its public key.
The receiving organization then uses its private key to decrypt the data, which makes
public/private key encryption useful for sharing information between organizations.
This methodology is widely used on the Internet today to secure transactions, including
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
Asymmetric key encryption is much slower and more computationally intensive than
symmetric key encryption. The advantage of asymmetric key encryption is the ability to share
secret data without sharing the encryption key.
Managing encryption
There are three different methods of encryption management available. These methods differ
in where the key manager application is located. The operating environment determines
which is best, with the result that key management and the encryption policy engine can be in
any one of the environmental layers that are described next.
Application-managed tape encryption

The application-managed tape encryption method is best in operating environments that run
an application that already can generate and manage encryption policies and keys, such as
the IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager Policies that specify when encryption is to be used
are defined through the application interface. The policies and keys pass through the data
path between the application layer and the encryption-capable tape drives.
Encryption is the result of interaction between the application and the encryption-enabled
tape drive and is transparent to the system and library layers. Because the application
manages the encryption keys, volumes that are written and encrypted with the application
method can be read only by using the application-managed tape encryption method.
Application-managed encryption is provided at no cost for those IBM tape drives that support
encryption.
System-managed tape encryption

The system-managed tape encryption method can be used for open systems operating
environments where there is no application that is capable of key management. Encryption
policies that specify when to use encryption are set up through each instance of the IBM
device driver.
Key generation and management are performed by the key manager, a Java application that
is running on the host or externally on another host. Policy controls and keys pass through the
data path between the system layer and the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130,
TS1120, and Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives that are installed in the libraries.
Encryption is transparent to the applications. System-managed tape encryption and

library-managed tape encryption are transparent to one another. A tape that is encrypted by
using system-managed encryption can be decrypted by using library-managed encryption.
The reverse is true, if they both have access to the same key manager keystore.
IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for enabling system-managed tape
encryption for Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5.

Library-managed tape encryption
The library-managed tape encryption method is supported on the following IBM tape libraries:
򐂰 TS2900 tape autoloader with Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 Half-High tape drives
򐂰 TS3100 tape library with these drives:
– Ultrium 8 Full-High and Half-High tape drives
– Ultrium 5 Full-High and Half-High tape drivesTS3200 tape library with Ultrium 7
Full-High and Half-High tape drives
򐂰 TS3310 tape library with Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 Full-High tape drives
򐂰 TS4300 tape library with Ultrium 8, 7, and 6 Full-High and Half-High tape drives.
򐂰 TS3500 tape library with the TS1160, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, TS1120, Ultrium 8, 7, 6,
and 5 tape drives
򐂰 TS4500 tape library with TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape
drives
Key generation and management are performed by the key manager, a Java application that
is running on a library-attached host. The keys pass through the library-to-drive interface.
Therefore, encryption is transparent to the applications. When it is used with certain
applications, such as IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager, library-managed encryption
includes support for an internal label option.
When the internal label option is configured, the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140,
TS1130, TS1120, Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives automatically derive the encryption policy
and key information from the metadata that is written on the tape volume by the application.
IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for enabling library-managed tape encryption
for Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives.
System-managed tape encryption and library-managed tape encryption are transparent to

one another. A tape that is encrypted by using system-managed encryption can be decrypted
by using library-managed encryption. The reverse is true, if they both have access to the
same key manager keystore and both use IBM AIX and the IBM device driver. Otherwise, this
capability might not be available.
Important: IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for enabling system-managed
and library-managed tape encryption for Ultrium 8,7,6, and 5 tape drives.
2.2.3 LTO Ultrium tape encryption

The LTO Ultrium tape encryption differs from the 3592 drive encryption. Unlike the TS1160,
TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, and TS1120 tape drives, the Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape
drives cannot store a wrapped form of the symmetric encryption key on the tape cartridge.
The symmetric encryption key is stored in the keystore that is attached to the key manager.

An associated key identifier or alias maps to the data key in the keystore. This alias is stored
with each block of data on the tape. AES 256-bit encryption is used, as with the TS1160,
TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, and TS1120 tape drives, to encrypt and decrypt the data
on the data cartridge. The IBM key manager for tape products is Security Key Lifecycle
Manager.
2.3 IBM LTO Ultrium highlights

This section is an overview of the features of IBM Ultrium 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 tape drives, and
include drive and cartridge compatibility, cartridge capacity, and drive performance. An
overview of IBM libraries and the multipath architecture also is provided.
2.3.1 IBM LTO Ultrium compatibility

The following rules describe the compatibility among the various LTO cartridge generations:
򐂰 Data cartridges one generation and earlier are read/write compatible
򐂰 From Ultrium 8, Data cartridges two generations and earlier are not supported
򐂰 Up to Ultrium 7, Data cartridges two generations and earlier are read only supported
򐂰 Data cartridges three generations and earlier are never supported
Ultrium 8 drives can only read and write on Ultrium 8 and Ultrium 7 cartridges, it cannot read
Ultrium 6 cartridges. Ultrium 8 drives can additionally read and write on Ultrium 7 cartridges
at 9 TB capacity. If this media was formatted as a M8 format cartridge, see “M8 format” on
page 65.
Ultrium 7 drives can read and write Ultrium 6 cartridges, and read Ultrium 5 cartridges, and
thus can interchange data with Ultrium 6 and Ultrium 5 tape drives. However, the Ultrium 7
drive allows only an Ultrium 6 cartridge to be written at the LTO Generation 6 operating point
(2.5 TB). More specifically, the Ultrium 7 drive does not allow an Ultrium 6 cartridge (2.500
TB) to be reformatted to the Ultrium 7 format (6 TB). This concept is generally true when a
data cartridge is used in a higher generation LTO Ultrium tape drive.
Table 2-7 shows the read/write compatibility among the last 5 generations of data cartridges.
Table 2-7 Ultrium data cartridge compatibility

IBM Ultrium IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge generation
tape drive
12 TB 9 TB 6 TB 2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB

(Ultrium 8) M8 Format L7 Format (Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3)
(Ultrium 7) (Ultrium 7)
Ultrium 8 Read/write Read/write Read/write N/A N/A N/A N/A
Ultrium 7 N/A N/A Read/write Read/write Read only N/A N/A
Ultrium 6 N/A N/A N/A Read/write Read/write Read only N/A
Ultrium 5 N/A N/A N/A N/A Read/write Read/write Read only
Ultrium 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Read/write Read/write

M8 format
The LTO Program introduced a new capability with Ultrium 8 drives. The Ultrium 8 drive can
write 9 TB on a brand new Ultrium 7 cartridge instead of 6 TB as specified by the Ultrium 7
format. Such a cartridge is called an Ultrium 7 initialized Ultrium 8 Type M cartridge. The
TPC’s have agreed to designate these Ultrium 8 Type M cartridges by using an automation
barcode label ending with the last two characters M8.
A normal Ultrium 8 cartridges is referred to as Ultrium 8 Type A. It has a capacity of 12 TB,

and is indicated with an automation barcode label ending in L8. A normal 6 TB Ultrium 7
cartridge is indicated with an automation barcode label ending in L7.
Only new, unused Ultrium 7 cartridges can be initialized as Ultrium 8 Type M. After a cartridge
is initialized as Type M, it cannot be changed back to a 6TB Ultrium 7 cartridge. Also, an
Ultrium 7 initialized Ultrium 8 Type M cartridge can only be written and read in an Ultrium 8
drive. Ultrium 7 drives are not capable of reading Ultrium 8 Type M cartridges. Ultrium 7
Worm cartridges cannot be formatted as media type M8.
Media can be purchased as pre-initialized Ultrium Type M media or as un-initialized Ultrium 7

media. Un-initialized Ultrium 7 media can be initialized as LTO Type M media by applying an
M8 barcode label and writing data to the media in a tape library that supports un-initialized
LTO Type M.
Previously used Ultrium 7 media cannot be converted to Ultrium 8 Type M media. This used
Ultrium 7 media will remain as such for the life of the media. Similarly, previously used Ultrium
8 Type M media will remain as such for the life of the media.
Only compatible Ultrium 8 tape libraries will initialize Ultrium 7 brand new cartridges as
Ultrium 8 Type M media, if the barcode label M8 has been applied to the cartridge. Ultimately,
it is the user’s responsibility to ensure tape library compatibility and label cartridges correctly.
If an Ultrium 8 Type M media is loaded into an LTO-7 tape drive, the drive will post an error
message indicating that the cartridge format is incompatible and will not thread the media.
Restriction: The TS3500 only supports the use of pre-initialized M8 media.
IBM Media identification

The various generations of data cartridges can be recognized quickly by the case color or
media identifier at the right side of the bar code label. Table 2-8 shows the different case
colors and media identifiers for the different LTO Ultrium generations.
Table 2-8 Cartridge color and media identifier

LTO Ultrium data cartridge Case color Media identifier
LTO Ultrium 3 Slate blue L3
LTO Ultrium 4 Green L4
LTO Ultrium 5 Burgundy L5
LTO Ultrium 6 Black L6
LTO Ultrium 7 Purple L7
LTO Ultrium 8 Burgundy L8
LTO Ultrium 3 WORM Slate blue and silvery gray LT
LTO Ultrium 4 WORM Green and silvery gray LU

LTO Ultrium data cartridge Case color Media identifier
LTO Ultrium 5 WORM Burgundy and silvery gray LV
LTO Ultrium 6 WORM Black and silvery gray LW
LTO Ultrium 7 WORM Purple and silvery gray LX
LTO Ultrium 8 WORM Burgundy and silvery gray LY
Figure 2-18 shows a new LTO 8 data cartridge.
Figure 2-18 LTO 8 data cartridge
2.3.2 LTO performance

IBM LTO drives provide high performance and continue to improve with each new generation
of products. Applications that are highly dependent on tape-processing speed can benefit
from the significant performance that is provided by the LTO Ultrium tape drives.
IBM LTO Ultrium drives provide high-speed tape operations and relief to users who have
difficulty completing tape activities in the time available. For those applications with limited
system backup windows or have large amounts of disk data to back up, LTO Ultrium tape
drives are ideal.
By using the built-in data-compression capability of the LTO Ultrium drive, far greater data
rates than the decompressed data rate can potentially be achieved. However, the actual
throughput is a function of many components, such as the host system processor, disk data
rate, block size, data compression ratio, SCSI bus capabilities, and system or application
software. Installing multiple tape drives in general (or more than two in the case of IBM LTO)
on a single SCSI bus can adversely affect data transfer rates.
IBM LTO Ultrium 3 tape drive

The IBM LTO Ultrium 3 Drives offered more than double the performance of IBM Ultrium 2
with sustained data rates of 80 MBps native and 160 MBps with a 2:1 compression ratio. IBM
Ultrium 3 provides speed matching with five speeds for Ultrium 3 and Ultrium 2 cartridges and
reads and writes an Ultrium 2 cartridge at the speed of the Ultrium 2 drive.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 3 tape drive has the following performance characteristics:
򐂰 80 MBps native sustained data transfer rate
򐂰 160 MBps sustained data transfer rate at a 2:1 compression ratio

򐂰 Over 200 MBps maximum sustained data rate (at maximum compression)
򐂰 200 MBps burst data transfer rate for Fibre Channel
򐂰 160 MBps burst data transfer rate for Ultra 160 SCSI LVD drives
򐂰 15 s nominal load-to-ready time
򐂰 15 s nominal unload time
򐂰 54 s average search time to first byte of data
򐂰 88 s maximum rewind time
򐂰 8 mps search/rewind speed
򐂰 128 MB buffer (256 MB in the Half-High v2 drive)

The IBM LTO Ultrium 4 tape drive had the following performance characteristics:
򐂰 Sustained data transfer rate at a 2:1 compression ratio:
– For SCSI, 140 MBps
– For SAS, 240 MBps
– For FC, 240 MBps
򐂰 57 s average search time to first byte of data
򐂰 54 s average rewind time
򐂰 8 mps rewind speed
򐂰 256 MB buffer

򐂰 Sustained data transfer rate at a 2:1 compression ratio:
– For USB, 280 MBps
򐂰 Average search time to first byte of data:
– 49 s for a Full-High drive
– 72 s for a Half-High drive
򐂰 Average rewind time:
򐂰 Rewind speed:
– 10 mps for a Full-High drive
– 6.4 mps for a Half-High drive
򐂰 Data buffer size:
– 512 MB for a Full-High drive
– 256 MB for a Half-High drive

򐂰 Sustained data transfer rate at a 2.5:1 compression ratio:
– For USB, 400 MBps
򐂰 Rewind speed:
– 9 mps for a Half-High drive
– 1024 MB for a Full-High drive
– 512 MB for a Half-High drive

򐂰 Rewind speed:
– 1024 MB for both Full-High and Half-High drives

򐂰 For a Full-High drive 360 MBps native sustained data transfer rate
򐂰 For a Half-High drive 300 MBps native sustained data transfer rate
򐂰 Rewind speed:
– 1024 MB for both Full-High and Half-High drives
2.3.3 Reliability
The IBM LTO Ultrium tape format differs from earlier non-Ultrium IBM products. The Ultrium
technology has the following reliability and availability features:
Data integrity
The drive performs a read after write for verification. Incorrectly written data, such as the
result of a tape defect, is automatically rewritten by the drive in a new location. Data that is
rewritten as the result of media defects is not counted against the drive error performance.
The drive never records incorrect data to the tape media without posting an error condition.
Power loss
No recorded data is lost as a result of normal or abnormal power loss while the drive is
reading or writing data. If power is lost while writing data, only the data block that is being
written might be in error. Any previously written data is not destroyed.
Error correction
Data integrity features include two levels of error correction that can provide recovery from
longitudinal media scratches.
Integrated head cleaner

The head of the drive must be kept clean to prevent errors that are caused by contamination.
During the load process, a brush that is integrated into the drive mechanism cleans the head
before it is used with the tape. This brush keeps the head and media free of debris on a
continuing basis and requires fewer drive-cleaning operations.

Surface Control Guiding Mechanism
The Surface Control Guiding Mechanism, which is patented by IBM, guides the tape along
the tape path by using the surface of the tape rather than the edges to control tape motion. By
using grooved rollers (as shown in Figure 2-19), an air cushion builds between the tape and
the rollers that keep the tape in the correct position.
Figure 2-19 Surface Control Guiding Mechanism
On LTO Ultrium 6 and Ultrium 5, flangeless rollers are installed on all four rollers for Full-High
tape drives to allow the tape to float naturally. Ultrium 6 Half-High drive rollers are
semi-flangeless; only two of the rollers are flanged. On the Ultrium 7 drives, all four rollers are
flangeless, on both Half-High and Full-High drives.
This flangeless roller feature helps to prevent tape damage (especially to the edges of the
tape) and debris build-up on the roller that can accumulate in the head area, which minimizes
the chance of physical damage to the tape media.
Flat lap head

The flat lap head (as shown in Figure 2-20) improves contact between the read and write
recording elements and the tape, which increases the quality of the recording and readback
of data.
Figure 2-20 Flat lap head
The Surface Control Guiding Mechanism and the flat lap head help minimize debris that is
generated as the tape moves through its path, which resulting in increased reliability of
reading and writing data. This feature also potentially increases the life expectancy of the
media by not using the edges of the tape to guide it over the read/write head, which
historically was a major source of debris on the tape path.

Statistical Analysis and Reporting System
Statistical Analysis and Reporting System (SARS) is another IBM exclusive feature. Only IBM
LTO drives provide this level of preventive diagnostic reporting. The Ultrium drive uses this
reporting system to help isolate failures between media and hardware.
SARS uses the cartridge performance history that is saved in the cartridge memory module
and the drive performance history that is kept in the drive flash EEPROM to determine the
most likely cause of failure. It can then cause the drive to request a cleaner tape, to mark the
media as degraded, and to indicate that the hardware has degraded. SARS reports the
results of its analysis in the form of a Tape Alert, if necessary.
2.4 IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drives

Ultrium 8 is the latest LTO generation, which was released in November 2017, The IBM
Ultrium 8 offerings represent significant improvements in capacity, performance, and reliability
over the previous generation, IBM Ultrium 7, while still protecting investment in the previous
technology.
The Ultrium 8 tape drive is a high-performance, high-capacity tape drive. The drive records
data by using a linear serpentine recording format on half-inch tape that is housed within a
cartridge. The data tracks are located by using preformatted servo tracks.
The Ultrium 8 tape drive provides the following improvements over the older Ultrium 7 models:
򐂰 Increases the native transfer speed to 360 MBps compared with 300 MBps for the Ultrium
7 tape drive
򐂰 Compressed speed of 700 MBps for Fibre Channel (500 MBps for SAS interface)
򐂰 More than doubles the potential capacity of a cartridge in Ultrium 7 format
Ultrium 8 tape drive features at a glance

The LTO Generation 8 tape drive range has the following characteristics:
򐂰 Native data transfer rate of up to 360 MBps
򐂰 Compressed data transfer rate of up to 700 MBps
򐂰 LTO Ultrium 8 data and WORM tape cartridge native physical capacity of up to 12 TB
򐂰 LTO Ultrium 7 data tape cartridge using M8 format have a physical capacity of up to 9 TB
򐂰 8 Gbps Fibre Channel attachment option
򐂰 6 Gbps SAS dual port attachment option
򐂰 1024 MB internal data buffer
򐂰 Application-managed encryption support
򐂰 System-managed and Library-Managed encryption support for non-stand-alone drives
򐂰 16 KB cartridge memory with Ultrium 8 media
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition, Library Edition, and Enterprise Edition
support
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System (LTFS) partitioning support

Compatibility
In addition to reading and writing to LTO Ultrium 8 tape cartridges, the Ultrium 8 tape drives
can read and write to LTO Ultrium 7 cartridges. They cannot read Ultrium 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, and 6
cartridges.
The drive also writes to tapes that can be read by other licensed LTO Ultrium 7 drives. In
addition to using the IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge with up to 6 TB capacity, the drive offers
read/write capability for certified LTO Ultrium 7 tape cartridges.
Table 2-9 shows the native data transfer rate when a data cartridge of another generation is
processed.
Table 2-9 Native data transfer rate with various media

Item Generation 8 Generation 7 Generation 7
media media format media Format
M8 L7
Supported methods of operating Read/write Read/write Read/write
Native data rate Full Height (MBps) 360 360 300
Native data rate Half High (MBps) 300 300 300
Connectivity
The LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive family offers high capacity, performance technology for the
midrange open systems environment. These drives offer the following connection types:
򐂰 6 Gbps SAS for point-to-point attachment (not in TS3310, TS1080/TS3500, or
TS1080/TS4500 configuration)
򐂰 8 Gbps Fibre Channel interface for point-to-point or FC-AL attachment (not on TS2280)
IBM Ultrium drives can be connected to many different types of servers. For a list of server
interface cards or host bus adapters (HBAs) that are supported by the Ultrium drives, see this
website:
Performance
The LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive uses 6656 data tracks to read and write to Ultrium 8 tape. These
tracks are grouped in four data bands. The high-bandwidth servo system features a low-mass
servo to help more effectively track servo bands and improve data throughput with damaged
media in less-than-optimal shock and vibration environments.
The native data transfer rate for Ultrium 8 tape drives is 360 MBps. Compressed data rates
can reach up to 700 MBps on the FC interface and 500 MBps on the SAS interface. The
maximum interface burst transfer rate is 600 MBps for SAS and 800 MBps for FC. IBM
suggests the use of the IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 12 TB data cartridge, which provides up to 30 TB
of storage with a 2.5:1 compression ratio.

Dynamic speed matching
The LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive performs dynamic speed matching at one of 12 speeds to adjust
the native data rate of the drive as closely as possible to the net host data rate (after factoring
out data compressibility). This approach helps to reduce the number of backhitch repositions
and improves throughput performance. Backhitching is the condition that occurs when a data
cartridge stops, reverses, and restarts motion. A backhitch is the result of a mismatch
between the data rates of the connected server and the tape drive.
Table 2-10 shows the data rates for the LTO Ultrium 8 drives.
Table 2-10 LTO-8 drive speed matching data rates

Performance parameters Generation 8 media Generation 7 media
Speed matching data rates in 365.0 306.00

MBps 341.0 287.52
318.0 268.56
306.4 250.66
273.0 231.86
249.5 213.06
226.0 194.26
203.0 175.46
180.0 157.67
157.5 138.52
135.0 120.11
112.0 101.46
Encryption
The LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive family is encryption-capable and supports application-managed
tape encryption at no charge on the SAS and Fibre Channel tape drives. For library use,
system-managed tape encryption and library-managed tape encryption are supported by the
Transparent LTO Encryption features (FC5901 for TS2900, FC1604 for TS3500, FC5900 for
all other libraries). IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for encryption key
management with LTO Ultrium 8 drives.

The Ultrium 8 tape drives use SARS to help isolate failures between media and hardware.
SARS uses the data cartridge performance history that is saved in the cartridge memory
module and the drive performance history that is kept in the drive flash Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) to help determine the likely cause of the
failure. SARS can cause the drive to request a cleaning tape, mark the media as degraded,
and indicate that the hardware degraded.
IBM Spectrum Archive software application

IBM Ultrium 8 tape drives are compatible with the IBM Spectrum Archive software application,
and the underlying LTFS. LTFS uses the LTO media partitioning functionality, present on
Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 cartridges.
LTFS provides a standard tape cartridge format at low cost that can be used without other
database applications. LTFS presents tape media as though it were a disk file system. IBM
Spectrum Archive supports IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5, and IBM 3592-E08 and 3592-E07
tape drives.
Tape as a storage medium has many benefits: It is reliable, portable, low-cost, low-power,
and high-capacity. However, tape is not particularly easy to use, has no standard format, and
data often cannot be used without first copying it to disk.

eliminates the need for additional tape management and software to access data. IBM
Spectrum Archive offers three software solutions for managing your digital files with the LTFS
format: Single Drive Edition, Library Edition, and Enterprise Edition.
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS, see IBM Spectrum Archive
Single Drive Edition and Library Edition: Installation and Configuration Guide, SG24-8090.
2.4.1 The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive range

The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 drive range is a mix of Half-High and Full-High stand-alone and
library-installable drives. This mix offers high-performance, high-capacity data storage
devices to back up and restore open systems applications. The drive can be integrated into
an enclosure, such as a desktop unit, tape autoloader, or tape library.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 drive range consists of the following components:
򐂰 TS2280 (3580 Model H8S) dual port SAS Half-High stand-alone drive
򐂰 Ultrium 8 SAS Half-High tape drive sled inside a TS2900 tape autoloader
򐂰 Ultrium 8 SAS Half-High tape drive sled inside a TS3100 tape library
򐂰 Ultrium 8 FC Half-High or Full-High tape drive sled inside a TS3100 tape library
򐂰 Ultrium 8 FC Full-High tape drive sled inside a TS3310 tape library
򐂰 TS1080 (3588 F8A) FC tape drive sled within a TS3500 tape library
򐂰 TS1080 (3588 F8C) FC tape drive sled within a TS4500 tape library
Note: The IBM Ultrium 8 range does not include a Full-High stand-alone drive.
IBM TS2280 (3580 H8S) tape drive H8S

IBM TS2280 tape drive model H8S (3580 H8S) is an external Half-High (2 EIA units high)
stand-alone or rack-mountable unit that offers high capacity and performance for the
midrange systems environment.
The TS2280 Model H8S tape drive uses a dual-port 6 Gbps SAS (serial-attached SCSI) host
interface. There is not an optional USB feature for this model. The new TS2280 attaches to
selected IBM Power Systems models and to IBM System x and PC servers. The TS2280 also
supports Microsoft Windows, HP-UX, Oracle Solaris, and UNIX.
The two ports per drive are available to improve availability and ease of attachment. The
Ultrium 8 SAS drive attempts to connect at 6 Gbps, but automatically negotiates down to
3 Gbps or even 1.5 Gbps, if the system that it is connected to cannot support 6 Gbps or has
problems on the physical connection. Expander use is not supported.
The TS2280 can read and write to Ultrium 8 and Ultrium 7 cartridges. The TS2280 cannot
read Ultrium 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 cartridges. The Ultrium 7 tape drive is encryption-capable and
supports application-managed encryption.

IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition (SDE) software is included with each TS2280
tape drive. IBM Spectrum Archive and its associated LTFS use LTO-8 tape drive partitioning.
It enables a self-describing tape file format and delivers an easy tape storage and distribution
solution without the use of more database applications. Customers of IBM Spectrum Archive
SDE software are those who require a standard tape cartridge format at a low cost and use
stand-alone IBM LTO-8, LTO-7, LTO-6, or LTO-5 tape drives.
The enclosure width allows two TS2280 storage units to be mounted side by side in a 19-inch
IBM server rack mount shelf kit that requires two EIA units (2U) of rack space.
The TS2280 tape drive provides an excellent migration path from digital linear tape (DLT or
SDLT), 1/4 inch (QIC), 4 mm (DAT), 8 mm, or older LTO generation tape drives.
There are no unique power supply requirements. The TS2280 tape drive can attach to 100 V
to 125 V power supplies at 60 Hz or 200 V to 240 V supplies at 50 Hz AC.
IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Half-High tape drives have an internal buffer of 1024 MB.
For a more information about the TS2280 Ultrium tape drive, see Chapter 5, “IBM TS2270
tape drive” on page 177.
Figure 2-21 shows a TS2280 Half-High LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive.
Figure 2-21 TS2280 LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive
IBM LTO Ultrium 8 library drives

The library-installable Ultrium 8 tape drives can read and write to Ultrium 8 and Ultrium 7
cartridges and are not read-compatible with Ultrium 6 data cartridges.
The LTO Ultrium 8 tape drives support data encryption on the base drive with Ultrium 8 or
Ultrium 7 media. System Managed and Library Managed Encryption and associated
IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager access are available as a chargeable licensed key,
Transparent LTO Encryption (feature code 5901 for TS2900, feature code 5900 for TS3100 or
3200, feature code 5900 for TS4300, and feature code 1604 for TS3500 and TS4500
libraries). IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required with this feature.
The Ultrium 8 and Ultrium 7 drives support media partitioning and the use of the
IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition (LE) and IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition
(EE) if installed in a supported library.
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive EE, see IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise
Edition V1.2.6 Installation and Configuration Guide, SG24-8333.

IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Full-High library drives
IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Full-High (4 EIA units high) drives are available for use in the TS3310,
TS4300, TS3500, and TS4500 libraries. The following drives can be specified and ordered
with the library:
򐂰 The TS4300 base L3A unit can accommodate one Ultrium 8 Full-High FC tape drive
򐂰 The TS4300 optional E3A expansion unit can accommodate one Ultrium 8 Full-High FC
tape drive
򐂰 The TS3310 base L5B unit can accommodate two Ultrium 8 FC Full-High tape drives
򐂰 The TS3310 optional E9U expansion unit can accommodate four Ultrium 8 FC Full-High
tape drives
򐂰 The TS3500 libraries can accommodate up to 192 TS1080 drives, depending on their
base and expansion frame configurations
IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Full-High tape drives have an internal buffer of 1024 MB.
IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Half-High library drives

IBM LTO Ultrium 8 Half-High (2 EIA units high) drives are available for use in the TS2900,
TS3100, TS3200, and TS4300 libraries. The following drives are specified and ordered with
the library:
򐂰 The TS2900 autoloader can accommodate one Ultrium 8 SAS Half-High tape drive.
򐂰 The TS3100 library can accommodate two Ultrium 8 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives.
򐂰 The TS3200 library can accommodate four Ultrium 8 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives.
򐂰 The TS4300 library can accommodate three Ultrium 8 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives.

Ultrium 7 is the latest LTO Generation. Released in October 2015, IBM Ultrium 7 offerings
represent significant improvements in capacity, performance, and reliability over the previous
generation, Ultrium 6, while still protecting investment in the previous technology.
The Ultrium 7 tape drive is a high-performance, high-capacity tape drive. The drive records
data by using a linear serpentine recording format on half-inch tape that is housed within a
cartridge. The data tracks are located by using preformatted servo tracks.
The Ultrium 7 tape drive provides the following improvements over the older Ultrium 6 models:
򐂰 Increases the native transfer speed to 300 MBps compared with 160 MBps for the Ultrium
6 tape drive
򐂰 Increases the compressed speed to 700 MBps for Fibre Channel (500 MBps for SAS
interface)

򐂰 LTO Ultrium 7 data and WORM tape cartridge native physical capacity of up to 6 TB
򐂰 1024 MB internal data buffer
support
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System partitioning support
Compatibility
can read and write to LTO Ultrium 6 cartridges and read LTO Ultrium 5 cartridges. They
cannot read Ultrium 1, Ultrium 2, Ultrium 3, or Ultrium 4 cartridges.
addition to using the IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge with up to 6 TB capacity, the drive offers
read/write capability for certified LTO Ultrium 7 tape cartridges.
processed.

media media media
Supported methods of operating Read/write Read/write Read only
Native data rate SAS and USB (MBps) 300 160 140
Native data rate Fibre Channel (MBps) 300 160 140
Connectivity
The LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive family offers high capacity, performance technology for the
򐂰 6 Gbps SAS for point-to-point attachment (not in TS3310, TS1070/TS3500, or
TS1070/TS4500 configuration)
򐂰 8 Gbps Fibre Channel interface for point-to-point or FC-AL attachment (not on TS2270)
Note: USB connectivity is not available on the LTO-7 TS2270 stand-alone model. The
TS2270 has dual port SAS interfaces only. USB connectivity is available on the LTO-6
based TS2260 with a feature code.

interface cards or host bus adapters (HBAs) that are supported by the Ultrium drives, see this
website:
Performance
The LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive uses 3584 data tracks to read and write to Ultrium 7 tape.
These tracks are grouped in four data bands. The high-bandwidth servo system features a
low-mass servo to help more effectively track servo bands and improve data throughput with
damaged media in less-than-optimal shock and vibration environments.
can reach up to 700 MBps on the FC interface and 500 MBps on the SAS interface. IBM
suggests the use of the IBM LTO Ultrium 7 6 TB data cartridge, which provides up to 15 TB of
storage with a 2.5:1 compression ratio.

and improves throughput performance. Backhitching is the condition that occurs when a data
cartridge stops, reverses, and restarts motion. A backhitch is the result of a mismatch
between the data rates of the connected server and the tape drive.

Performance Generation 7 media Generation 6 media Generation 5 media
parameters
Speed matching data 306.00 160.00 140.0

rates MBps 287.52 150.77 130.0
268.56 141.54 120.0
250.66 132.31 112.7
231.86 123.08 105.5
213.06 113.85 98.2
194.26 104.62 90.9
175.46 95.38 83.6
157.67 86.15 76.4
138.52 76.92 69.1
120.11 67.69 61.8
101.46 58.46 53.5
49.23 46.3
40.00 40.0

Encryption
tape encryption at no charge on the SAS and Fibre Channel tape drives. In case of library
use, system-managed tape encryption and library-managed tape encryption are supported by
the Transparent LTO Encryption features (FC5901 for TS2900, FC1604 for TS3500, FC5900
for all other libraries). IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for encryption key

The Ultrium 7 tape drives use SARS to help isolate failures between media and hardware.
The SARS uses the data cartridge performance history that is saved in the cartridge memory
module and the drive performance history that is kept in the drive flash Electronically
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) to help determine the likely cause of
the failure. SARS can cause the drive to request a cleaning tape, to mark the media as
degraded, and to indicate that the hardware degraded.

IBM Ultrium 7 tape drives are compatible with the IBM Spectrum Archive software application,
and the underlying Linear Tape File System (LTFS). LTFS uses the LTO media partitioning
functionality, present on Ultrium 7, 6, and 5 cartridges.
LTFS provides a standard tape cartridge format at low cost that can be used without other
database applications. LTFS presents tape media as though it were a disk file system. IBM
Spectrum Archive supports IBM LTO Ultrium 7, 6, and 5, and IBM 3592-E08 and 3592-E07
tape drives.
and high-capacity. However, tape is not particularly easy to use, has no standard format, and
data often cannot be used without first copying it to disk.
tape drives and libraries by incorporating the LTFS format standard for reading, writing and

򐂰 TS2270 (3580 Model H7S) dual port SAS Half-High stand-alone drive

Note: The IBM Ultrium 7 range does not include a Full-High stand-alone drive.

interface. There is not an optional USB feature for this model. The new TS2270 attaches to
selected IBM Power Systems models and to IBM System x and PC servers. The TS2260 also
supports Microsoft Windows, HP-UX, Oracle Solaris, and UNIX.
Ultrium 7 SAS drive attempts to connect at 6 Gbps, but automatically negotiates down to
3 Gbps or even 1.5 Gbps, if the system that it is connected to cannot support 6 Gbps or has
problems on the physical connection. Expander use is not supported.
The TS2270 can read and write to Ultrium 7 and Ultrium 6 cartridges, and is read-compatible
with Ultrium 5 data cartridges. The Ultrium 7 tape drive is encryption-capable and supports
application-managed encryption.
IBM Spectrum Archive Standalone Drive Edition (SDE) software is included with each
TS2270 tape drive. IBM Spectrum Archive and its associated LTFS use LTO-7 tape drive
partitioning. It enables a self-describing tape file format and to deliver an easy tape storage
and distribution solution without the use of more database applications. Customers of IBM
Spectrum Archive SDE software are those who require a standard tape cartridge format at a
low cost and use stand-alone IBM LTO-7, LTO-6, or LTO-5 tape drives.
to 125 V power supplies at 60 Hz or 200 V to 240 V supplies at 50 Hz AC.


cartridges and are read-compatible with Ultrium 5 data cartridges.
Ultrium 6 media. System Managed and Library Managed Encryption and associated
IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager access are available as a chargeable licensed key,
Transparent LTO Encryption (feature code 5901 for TS2900, feature code 5900 for TS3100
or 3200, and feature code 1604 for TS3500 and TS4500 libraries). IBM Security Key Lifecycle
Manager is required with this feature.
IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition (LE) and IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition
(EE) if installed in a supported library.

TS3200, TS3310, TS3500, and TS4500 libraries. The following drives can be specified and
ordered with the library:
򐂰 The TS3100 tape library can accommodate one Ultrium 7 Full-High SAS or FC tape drive
򐂰 The TS3200 tape library can accommodate two Ultrium 7 Full-High, SAS, or FC tape
drives
򐂰 The TS4300 base L3A unit can accommodate one Ultrium 7 Full-High FC tape drive
򐂰 The TS4300 optional E3A expansion unit can accommodate one Ultrium 7 Full-High
򐂰 The TS3310 base L5B unit can accommodate two Ultrium 7 FC Full-High tape drives
tape drives

TS3100, and TS3200 libraries. The following drives are specified and ordered with the library:
򐂰 The TS2900 autoloader can accommodate one Ultrium 7 SAS Half-High tape drive
򐂰 The TS3100 library can accommodate two Ultrium 7 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives
򐂰 The TS3200 library can accommodate four Ultrium 7 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives
򐂰 The TS4300 library can accommodate three Ultrium 7 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives

Ultrium 6, was released in 2012. The Ultrium 6 tape drive is a high-performance,
high-capacity tape drive. The drive records data by using a linear serpentine recording format
on half-inch tape that is housed within a cartridge. The data tracks are located by using
preformatted servo tracks.
Ultrium 6 tape drive provides the following improvements over the older Ultrium 5 models:
򐂰 Increases the native transfer speed to 160 MBps compared with 140 MBps for Ultrium 5
tape drive
򐂰 Increases the compressed speed to 400 MBps compared with 280 MBps for Ultrium 5

򐂰 LTO Ultrium 6 data and WORM tape cartridge native physical capacity of up to 2.5 TB
򐂰 USB 3.0 single port and 6 Gbps SAS single port attachment option
򐂰 1024 MB internal data buffer for Full-High drives
򐂰 512 MB internal buffer for Half-High drives
support
򐂰 IBM Linear Tape File System partitioning support
Compatibility
can read and write to LTO Ultrium 5 cartridges and read LTO Ultrium 4 cartridges. Ultrium 6
drives cannot read Ultrium 3, Ultrium 2, or Ultrium 1 cartridges.

addition to using the IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge with up to 2.5 TB capacity, the drive
offers read/write capability for certified LTO Ultrium 6 tape cartridges.
processed.

media media media
Supported methods of operating Read/write Read/write Read/write
Native date rate SAS and USB (MBps) 160 140 120
Native data rate Fibre Channel (MBps) 160 140 120
Connectivity
The LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive family offers high capacity, performance, and technology for the
򐂰 6 Gbps SAS for point-to-point attachment (not in TS3310 or TS1060/TS3500
configuration)
򐂰 8 Gbps Fibre Channel interface for point-to-point or FC-AL attachment (not on TS2260 or
TS2360)
򐂰 USB 3.0 Type B connector attachment for TS2260 only
interface cards or HBAs that are supported by the Ultrium drives, see this website:
Performance
The LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive uses 2176 data tracks to read and write to Ultrium 6 tape. These
tracks are grouped in five servo bands. Like the Ultrium 5 drives, the high-bandwidth servo
system features a low-mass servo to help more effectively track servo bands and improve
data throughput with damaged media in less-than-optimal shock and vibration environments.
can reach 400 MBps. IBM suggests the use of the IBM LTO Ultrium 6 2.5 TB data cartridge,
which provides up to 6.250 TB of storage with a 2.5:1 compression ratio.

and improves throughput performance.
Backhitching is the condition that occurs when a data cartridge stops, reverses, and restarts
motion. A backhitch is the result of a mismatch between the data rates of the connected
server and the tape drive.


Performance Generation 6 media Generation 5 media Generation 4 media
parameters
Speed matching data 160.00 140.0 120.0

rates MBps 150.77 130.0 113.1
141.54 120.0 106.1
132.31 112.7 99.2
123.08 105.5 92.3
113.85 98.2 85.3
104.62 90.9 78.6
95.38 83.6 71.4
86.15 76.4 64.6
76.92 69.1 57.6
67.69 61.8 50.8
58.46 53.5 43.8
49.23 46.3 36.9
40.00 40.0 30.5
Encryption
tape encryption at no charge on the SAS and Fibre Channel tape drives. In case of library
use, system-managed tape encryption and library-managed tape encryption are supported by
the Transparent LTO Encryption features (FC5901 for TS2900, FC1604 for TS3500, FC5900
for all other libraries). IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for encryption key

The Ultrium 6 tape drives use the Statistical Analysis and Reporting System (SARS) to help
isolate failures between media and hardware. The SARS uses the data cartridge
performance history that is saved in the cartridge memory module and the drive performance
history that is kept in the drive flash Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory (EEPROM) to help determine the likely cause of the failure. SARS can cause the
drive to request a cleaning tape to mark the media as degraded, and to indicate that the
hardware degraded.

IBM Ultrium 6 tape drives are compatible with the IBM Spectrum Archive software application.
IBM Spectrum Archive and the underlying Linear Tape File System (LTFS) use the LTO
Ultrium 6 and Ultrium 5 media partitioning functionality. The LTFS provides a standard tape
cartridge format at low cost and can be used without other database applications. LTFS
presents tape media as though it were a file system on a disk drive. LTFS supports only IBM
LTO Ultrium 7, Ultrium 6, and Ultrium 5, IBM 3593-E08, and 3592-E07 tape drives.
and high-capacity. However, tape is not easy to use, has no standard format, and data often
cannot be used without first copying it to disk.


򐂰 TS2360 (3580 Model S63) SAS Full-High stand-alone drive
򐂰 TS2260 (3580 Model H6S) two port SAS Half-High stand-alone drive
򐂰 TS2260 (3580 Model H6S FC 5760) single SAS and USB 3.0 port, Half-High stand-alone
drive
IBM TS2360 (3580 S63) tape drive S63

IBM TS2360 tape drive model S63 (3580 S63) is an external Full-High (4 EIA units high)
stand-alone or rack mountable unit that offers high capacity and performance for the
The TS2360 model S63 tape drive uses a 6 Gbps dual port SAS interface for connection to a
wide spectrum of system servers. The new TS2360 attaches to selected IBM Power Systems
models and to IBM System x and PC servers. The TS2360 also supports Microsoft Windows,
HP-UX, Oracle Solaris, and UNIX.
Ultrium 6 SAS drive attempts to connect at 6 Gbps, but auto-negotiates down to 3 Gbps or
even 1.5 Gbps if the system it is connected to cannot support 6 Gbps or has problems on the
physical connection. Expander use is not supported.

The TS2360 can read and write to Ultrium 6 and Ultrium 5 cartridges and is read compatible
TS2360 tape drive. IBM Spectrum Archive and the underlying LTFS use LTO-6 tape drive
Spectrum Archive software are those who require a standard tape cartridge format at a low
cost and use stand-alone IBM LTO-6 or LTO-5 tape drives.
IBM server rack mount shelf kit that requires three EIA units (3U) of rack space.
- 125 V power supplies at 60 Hz, or 200 V - 240 V supplies at 50 Hz AC.
For more information about the TS2360 Ultrium tape drive, see Chapter 7, “IBM TS2360 tape
drive” on page 197.
Figure 2-23 shows a TS2360 Full-High LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive.


interface or an optional single 6 Gbps SAS and single USB 3.0 port. The new TS2260
attaches to selected IBM Power Systems models and to IBM System x and PC servers. The
TS2260 also supports Microsoft Windows, HP-UX, Oracle Solaris, and UNIX.
There are two options for host connectivity:

SAS connectivity only The two ports per drive are available to improve availability and ease
of attachment. The Ultrium 6 SAS drive attempts to connect at 6 Gbps,
but automatically negotiates down to 3 Gbps or even 1.5 Gbps if the
system that it is connected to cannot support 6 Gbps or has problems
on the physical connection. Expander use is not supported.
SAS or USB connectivityA single SAS port and a single USB port host interface are
provided. The single-port SAS connector provides the same 6 Gbps
connectivity as the dual port. The USB host interface supports USB
3.0 connectivity and can negotiate a Super Speed transfer rate. It also
supports USB 2.0 connectivity at the slower transfer rates. The USB
interface automatically negotiates speed. There are no configurable
topologies, so no feature switches associated with USB. The tape
drive with SAS or USB ports requires a device driver for USB 3.0
operation.
The TS2260 can read and write to Ultrium 6 and Ultrium 5 cartridges, and is read-compatible
TS2260 tape drive. IBM Spectrum Archive and the underlying LTFS use LTO-6 tape drive
Spectrum Archive software are those who require a standard tape cartridge format at a low
cost and use stand-alone IBM LTO-6 or LTO-5 tape drives.
- 125 V power supplies at 60 Hz, or 200 V - 240 V supplies at 50 Hz AC.


cartridges, and are read-compatible with Ultrium 4 data cartridges.
Ultrium 5 media. System Managed and Library Managed Encryption and associated IBM
Security Key Lifecycle Manager access are available as a chargeable licensed key,
Transparent LTO Encryption (feature code 5901 for TS2900, feature code 5900 for TS3100
or 3200, and feature code 1604 for TS3500 libraries). IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is
required with this feature.
IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition (LE) and Enterprise Edition (EE) if installed in a
supported library.

TS3200, TS3310, TS3500, and TS4500 libraries. The following drives are specified and
ordered with the library:
򐂰 The TS3100 library can accommodate one Ultrium 6 SAS or FC Full-High tape drive.
򐂰 The TS3200 library can accommodate two Ultrium 6 SAS or FC Full-High tape drives.
򐂰 The TS4300 base L3A unit can accommodate one Ultrium 6 FC Full-High tape drive.
򐂰 The TS4300 optional E3A expansion unit can accommodate one Ultrium 6 FC Full-High
tape drive.

򐂰 The TS3310 base L5B unit can accommodate two Ultrium 6 FC Full-High tape drives.
tape drives.
base and expansion frame configurations.
򐂰 The TS4500 libraries can accommodate up to 60 TS1060 drives, depending on their base
and expansion frame configurations.

TS3100, and TS3200 libraries. The following drives are specified and ordered with the library:
򐂰 The TS2900 autoloader can accommodate one Ultrium 6 SAS Half-High tape drive.
򐂰 The TS3100 library can accommodate two Ultrium 6 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives.
򐂰 The TS3200 library can accommodate four Ultrium 6 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives.
򐂰 The TS4300 library can accommodate three Ultrium 6 SAS or FC Half-High tape drives
2.7 IBM LTO Ultrium family of tape drives and libraries

The IBM LTO Ultrium family of tape drives and libraries (as shown in Figure 2-25) consists of
the product offerings that range from a stand-alone unit to a highly scalable, automated
library.
Figure 2-25 IBM tape libraries, tape autoloader, and tape drives

The maximum configuration of the TS4500 tape library is shown in Figure 2-26.
Figure 2-26 Maximum TS4500 tape library configuration
The product offerings are all based on a common tape drive subassembly that is packaged in
various robotic and stand-alone environments. As shown on the right side of Figure 2-25 on
page 89, the following tape drives and libraries are available:
򐂰 The IBM TS2280 tape drive is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable (optional) unit for
the family of IBM LTO Ultrium Tape products. It features the LTO Ultrium 8 Half-High tape
drive.
򐂰 The IBM TS2900 tape autoloader is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable unit in the
family of IBM LTO Ultrium Tape products. When it is mounted in a rack, it occupies one unit
of the rack. It features one LTO Ultrium Half-High tape drive.
򐂰 The IBM TS3100 tape library is a desktop or rack-mountable single drive unit that can hold
up to 24 cartridges. A robotic system moves the cartridges to and from the drive. When it
is mounted in a rack, it occupies two units of the rack. It features up to two LTO Ultrium
Half-High tape drives or one LTO Ultrium Full-High tape drive.

򐂰 The IBM TS3200 tape library is a desktop or rack-mountable single or dual drive unit that
can hold up to 48 cartridges. It has a three slot I/O station that must be shared when
logical libraries are configured. When it is mounted in a rack, it occupies four units of the
rack. It features up to four LTO Ultrium Half-High tape drives or up to two LTO Ultrium
Full-High tape drives.
򐂰 The IBM TS4300 tape library is a modular Ultrium LTO library. The smallest configuration
includes a 3U base module with one to three LTO Ultrium Half-High or one Full-High and
one Half-High tape drives, up to 384TB of native tape storage (32 slots), and 4 I/O slots.
This tape library can be upgraded using expansion modules to a fully configured
rack-mounted library 21U high. The largest configuration has up to 21 LTO Ultrium
Half-High tape drives, over 1600 TB of native tape storage (272 slots), and up to 34 I/O
slots. The TS4300 hosts Ultrium LTO-8, LTO-7, or LTO-6 drives.
򐂰 The IBM TS3310 tape library is highly modular and vertically expandable. The smallest
configuration includes a base module with one to two LTO Ultrium Full-High tape drives,
210 TB of native tape storage (35 slots), and 6 I/O slots. This tape library can be upgraded
to a fully configured rack-mounted library 41U high. It has up to 18 LTO Ultrium Full-High
tape drives, over 4908 TB of native tape storage (409 slots), and up to 54 I/O slots.
򐂰 The IBM TS3500 tape library is shown on the left side of Figure 2-25 on page 89. This
tape library is a larger modular enterprise class library with the potential to house a
maximum of 192 IBM LTO or IBM 3592 tape drives in as many as 16 frames. The library
also can be ordered with a dual accessor model option to help increase mount
performance and overall system reliability and availability.
The new LTO-8 technology can greatly increase library capacity compared to previous
LTO technology (in the same foot print) at a typically lower storage cost. A TS3500 tape
library with High Density (HD) frames can store over 241 PB of decompressed data or 602
PB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio. With the release of the TS3500 tape library shuttle
complex configuration that supports over 300,000 LTO cartridges, an astounding capacity
value of over 3,600 PB can be reached.
򐂰 The IBM TS4500 is a highly scalable, stand-alone tape library that provides high-density
tape storage and high-performance, automated tape handling for open systems
environments. An individual library consists of one base frame and up to 17 expansion
frames and can include up to 128 tape drives and more than 23,000 tape cartridges, as
shown in Figure 2-26 on page 90.
The TS4500 tape library provides the following capabilities:
– All of the frames include high-density (HD) slot technology
– Additional frame models can be placed in any active position so that the library can
grow from both the right side and the left side of the first L frame
– Integrated management console (IMC)
– New user interface for improved usability
– Updated control system
– Input/output (I/O) magazine to allow individual cartridge handling to be performed
independently of the library
– Top-rack space to house extra tape solution components within the library footprint
– Support for HD2-compatible models of the TS1160(3592 60F and 60E), TS1155 (3592
55F and 55E), TS1150 (3592 EH8), TS1140 (3592 EH7), LTO-8 (3588 F8C), LTO-7
(3588 F7C), LTO-6 (3588 F6C), and LTO-5 (3588 F5C) tape drives
– Legacy Frame Support for S54 and S24 frames from the TS3500 library

options, to meet your specific needs. Additional features of the TS4500 tape library are
– Advanced Library Management System (ALMS)
– Ability to attach multiple simultaneous heterogeneous servers
– Remote management with the TS4500 management GUI or the TS4500 command line
– Command-line interface (CLI)
– Remote monitoring by using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), email, or
syslog
– Multipath architecture
– Drive and media exception reporting
– Host-based path failover
– Up to 288 I/O slots (36 I/O slots standard for LTO libraries and 32 I/O slots standard for
3592 libraries)
For more information about the TS4500 tape library, see IBM TS4500 R6 Tape Library
Guide, SG24-8235.
2.7.1 Multipath architecture

The patented multipath architecture is an IBM unique feature. The TS3100, TS3200, TS3310,
TS3500, and TS4500 tape libraries implemented the second generation of the architecture. It
uses the SCSI-3 Move Media command set that is featured in midrange and open libraries.
The multipath architecture removes the need for a dedicated server plus middleware to
control the use of a library by multiple hosts that are using various operating systems
because each drive has its own path to the control unit.
Conventional tape libraries use a dedicated host port to communicate with the library; for
example, for sending mount request commands. IBM LTO tape libraries use the same path to
communicate with the drives and the library controller, as shown in Figure 2-27. This path is
not one dedicated path; it might be any path to any tape drive.
Single control path

Library Library
Controller Controller
Drive Drive
Drive Drive
Drive Drive
Drive Drive
IB M IBM
Host Host
Data path Drive management Data and Drive management and

control paths multiple control paths
Conventional tape library with a IBM TS3500 Tape Library with a

dedicated host port LUN-1 multipath architecture
Figure 2-27 Conventional tape library compared to multipath architecture

For conventional tape libraries, the control path is a single point of failure. By contrast, the
IBM LTO tape libraries offer as many control paths as there are drives that are installed in the
library. Therefore, if an individual control path failure occurs, the library communication can be
over different, redundant control paths.
As shown in Figure 2-28, if one path to a drive is broken because of a defective switch port,
cable, or HBA, communication to the library controller can occur by using one of the other
available paths. With automatic Control Path Failover, this design constitutes a unique
high-availability option.
Library
Controller
Drive
Server
1
Drive FC
2 Adapter
smc0
Drive
3
smc1
Drive
4
Drive
5
Drive
6
Two control paths

enabled
Figure 2-28 Redundant control paths to the library controller
In addition to the redundant control path, multipath architecture offers the benefit of built-in
partitioning. With the partitioning feature of the IBM LTO libraries, the physical library can be
divided into several smaller logical libraries, which are independent of each other. The
maximum number of logical libraries varies by model type. A logical library must contain at
least one tape drive and cartridge cell, and can consist of more than one tape drive that
shares cartridge cells.
Multiple heterogeneous hosts can share the library with this partitioning option. Each logical
library has its own drives, cartridges, and control paths. Because of barriers between the
logical libraries, cartridges cannot be moved from one logical library to another.

Figure 2-29 shows three logical libraries, with two drives each and several cartridge storage
slots that are dedicated to each of the heterogeneous servers.
Library
Controller
Drive
1 to Host 1
Logical
Library 1
Drive
System i
2
App A
Drive
3 to Host 2
Logical
Library 2 Drive
4 Windows
App B
Drive
5 to Host 3
Logical
Library 3 Drive
System p
6 App C
Up to 12
Multiple hosts "owning" separate Hosts per
logical library slots and drives Frame
(IBM 3584)
Figure 2-29 IBM LTO tape library partitioned into three logical libraries
2.7.2 Next-generation multipath architecture

The Advanced Library Management System is an optional extension to the IBM patented
multipath architecture. The multipath architecture virtualized the library accessor. This
architecture enabled a library to be partitioned into multiple logical libraries and allowed a
single library accessor to be used by multiple host computers in a transparent manner. The
ALMS virtualizes the SCSI element address for storage slots, I/O slots, and drives.
ALMS provides enhanced automation functionality, such as dynamic partitioning, including

storage slot pooling and flexible drive assignment. Tape drives can be assigned to any logical
library and to multiple logical libraries by using a web browser-based user interface. Logical
libraries can be added, deleted, or easily changed non-disruptively. Storage capacity can be
changed without any impact to host applications.
Note: Advanced Library Management System (ALMS), which comes standard on the
TS4500, always shows as installed. For more information, see IBM TS4500 R6 Tape
Library Guide, SG24-8235.

3
Chapter 3. IBM TS1100 tape drives

This chapter describes the TS1100 tape drive family, its common characteristics, the
differences between the six generations, and the IBM 3592 media characteristics. This
chapter focuses on the following models:
򐂰 IBM TS1160 tape drive (3592 Model 60E and Model 60F and Model 60G)
򐂰 IBM TS1155 tape drive (3592 Model 55E and Model 55F and Model 55G)
򐂰 IBM TS1150 tape drive (3592 Model E08 and Model EH8)
򐂰 IBM TS1140 tape drive (3592 Model E07 and Model EH7)
򐂰 IBM TS1130 tape drive (3592 Model E06 and Model EU6)
򐂰 IBM Enterprise 3592 Model J1A tape drive
Note: The 3592 model E09 and EH9 are called 3592 model 60E, 60F, and 60G in this
document.
Important: The 3592 Model J1A, TS1120 (3592 Model E05), and TS1130 (3592 Model
E06) are withdrawn from marketing and can no longer be purchased. Therefore, they are
not described in detail here.
Also, TS1160 model 60F, TS1155 model 55F, TS1150 model EH8, and TS1140 model
EH7 are functionally the same as TS1160 model 60G, TS1155 model 55G, TS1150 Model
E08, and TS1140 model E07, but they are packaged for integration into a TS4500. For
more information, see IBM TS4500 R6 Tape Library Guide, SG24-8235. Only models 60G,
55G, E08, and E07 are described in this chapter.
This chapter includes the following topics:

򐂰 3.1, “IBM TS1100 tape drive family” on page 96
򐂰 3.2, “Common characteristics of the 3592 tape drive family” on page 97
򐂰 3.3, “Physical attachment” on page 105
򐂰 3.4, “Media” on page 109
򐂰 3.5, “IBM TS1160 tape drive” on page 118
򐂰 3.6, “IBM TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive” on page 134
򐂰 3.7, “IBM TS1140 tape drive” on page 155

3.1 IBM TS1100 tape drive family
The IBM TS1160 (Machine type 3592-60G), TS1155 (Machine Type 3592-55G), TS1150
(Machine Type 3592-E08), TS1140 (Machine Type 3592-E07) offer a design that is focused
on high capacity, performance, and high reliability for storing mission-critical data. With the
introduction of the first generation of the new family of tape drives, IBM advanced its high-end,
half-inch cartridge tape technology to a new level.
The 3592 family was enlarged and improved with the addition of the IBM TS1160, 3592
Model 60G tape drives. The TS1160 is the sixth generation of the 3592 tape drive family. It
provides the unprecedented capacity of 20 TB of uncompressed data on a single tape and
new physical connection options.
3.1.1 1 TB and beyond.

On 5 April 2002, IBM achieved an unprecedented feat when 1 TB of data was recorded,
without compression, to a half-inch format tape. This record was a technological
accomplishment that set the foundation for the 3592 tape drive family.
In 2006, IBM further demonstrated their technology leadership by the recording of 8 TB to a

half-inch format tape, and in 2010 demonstrated recording 35 TB of uncompressed data to a
half-inch format tape.
In 2014, the capacity of tape was demonstrated by IBM and FujiFilm announcing that their
researchers broke the world record in the amount of data that can be stored per square inch
on Linear Tape-Open (LTO) cartridge. IBM showed that FujiFilm’s “double-coated” tape can
store 85.9 billion bits per square inch on areal data density on linear magnetic particulate
tape. With this density, a standard tape cartridge can store 154 TB of uncompressed data.
In 2017, IBM achieved a new record of 201 Gb/in2 (gigabits per square inch) in a real density,
which was achieved on a prototype sputtered magnetic tape that was developed by Sony
Storage Media Solutions.
This record was increased to 330 terabytes (TB) of uncompressed data on a single tape
cartridge that fit in the palm of your hand. For more information, see this web page:
http://www.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52904.wss
The evolutionary progression of technology building blocks that were set in place over the
preceding years to make these advances possible. An enterprise tape drive roadmap was laid
out to ultimately reach and far exceed the 1 TB in native cartridge capacity within 3592 tape
drive generations.
The 3592 Model J1A became the first tape drive generation of the Enterprise Tape family. It
enabled the storage of 300 GB of data to a cartridge (900 GB with 3:1 compressible data).
The same cartridges can be reused by the second generation of 3592 tape drives. The
TS1120 Model E05 is able to store even more data than before. By using the JA media, it is
possible to store without compression 500 GB of data, and with the high capacity JB cartridge
700 GB of data.
With the third generation of IBM 3592 tape drive, it was possible to store 640 GB on JA media
and 1 TB on the JB media.
With the fourth generation of 3592, the IBM TS1140 model E07, IBM again takes advanced
tape capacity to a new level. The TS1140 can store over 1.6 TB of data on the JB cartridge
type and 4 TB of data on the JC cartridge type.

The fifth generation of 3592, the IBM TS1150 model E08, IBM took tape technology to the
next level. The TS1150 can store 7 TB of data on the JC cartridge type and 10 TB of data on
the new advanced JD cartridge type.
With the enhanced fifth generation 3592, the IBM TS1155 model 55E, 55F, and 55G, IBM
again demonstrated its commitment to tape technology by taking tape capacity to a new level.
The TS1155 can store 7 TB of data on the JC cartridge type and 15 TB of data on the new
advanced JD cartridge type. IBM kept its documented promise in the roadmap for 3592 tape
drives and provided a 15 TB tape drive.
With the new sixth generation 3592, the IBM TS1160 model 60E, 60F, and 60G, IBM again
demonstrated its commitment to tape technology by taking tape capacity to a new level. The
TS1160 can store 15 TB of data on the JD cartridge type and 20 TB of data on the new
advanced JE cartridge type. IBM kept its documented promise in the roadmap for 3592 tape
drives and provided a 20 TB tape drive.
3.1.2 Nomenclature
Because of many common considerations for the TS1120, TS1130, TS1140, TS1150,
TS1155, and TS1160 tape drives, and to make reading more convenient, the following names
are used in this publication:
򐂰 3592 is used, referring to all models
򐂰 TS1160 is used for the 3592 60E, 60F, and 60G tape drive
򐂰 TS1155 is used for the 3592 55E, 55F, and 55G tape drive
򐂰 TS1150 is used for the 3592 E08 tape drive
򐂰 3592-J1A is used for the first 3592 generation
򐂰 Media format 3592 is used, referring to all 3592 media formats
򐂰 60E, 60G and 60F are used for the 3592 60E, 60G, and 60F media format J6
򐂰 55E, 55G and 55F are used for the 3592 55E, 55G, and 55F media format J5A
򐂰 E08 is used for the 3592 E08 media format J5
򐂰 J1A is used for the first 3592 J1A media format J1
Note: TS1160 denotes the product name, and 3592 55F denotes the machine type and
model. For TS1160 model 60E is TS4500 Ethernet attach, 60F is TS4500 Fiber attach and
60G is TS3500 Fiber attach.
3.2 Common characteristics of the 3592 tape drive family

The 3592 tape drive family has the following common characteristics, which are described in
this section:
򐂰 Technology enhancements
򐂰 Reliability and availability improvements
򐂰 Features for performance and capacity
򐂰 Media that can be reused by the next generations of drives
Chapter 3. IBM TS1100 tape drives 97

3.2.1 Technology enhancements
The 3592 tape drive family includes the following key features:
򐂰 Virtual backhitch, which is the optimum adaptive format and algorithm for improved
start-and-stop write performance. For more information, see “Virtual backhitch (nonvolatile
caching)” on page 103.
򐂰 High performance and robust dual microprocessor architecture. One microprocessor
operates the host attachment interface (which is running proven 3590 host-attach
Licensed Internal Code). The other microprocessor focuses strictly on writing data and
reading data from tape. Each microprocessor resets the other microprocessor to act as a
fail-safe.
򐂰 Statistical Analysis Recording System (SARS) algorithm with extended mount count.
򐂰 Fast random access performance when operating on any of the Short Length Cartridge
(SLC) types.
򐂰 Support of an enhanced capacity scaling and segmentation format when operating on the
full-length, read/write cartridge type JA, JB, JC, JD, and JE, which enables fast locate and
read times.
򐂰 Streaming Lossless Data Compression (SLDC) algorithm, which is an enhancement of the
Lempel-Ziv class 1 (LZ-1) data compression algorithm.
򐂰 The JE, JD, JZ, and JL media types contain 16 KB cartridge memory, increased from the
8 KB cartridge memory that is contained in JC and JB media types and 4 KB cartridge
memory that is contained in JA, JW, JR, and JJ media types.
3.2.2 Recording format

The IBM 3592 tape drive uses an advanced interleaved bidirectional serpentine recording
technique that writes 8, 16, or 32 (depending on the drive) data tracks at a time on a 3592
cartridge. The 3592 cartridge is a half-inch, advanced metal particle, dual layer tape. The
tape layout consists of five servo bands (pre-recorded on the tape) and four data bands where
the data is written, as shown in Figure 3-1 on page 99.
The servo bands provide location information to control the positioning of the head as it writes
and reads data within the data band. For more information about this design, see “Servo
tracks” on page 99.

As shown in Figure 3-1, the area between adjacent servo bands is a data band. The 3592
media has four data bands, each with a number of data tracks (128 - 288, which is different for
each model).
Ta p e e d g e g u a rd b a n d
S e rv o b a n d p itc h
D a ta b a n d 3
D a ta b a n d 1
S e rv o b a n d w id th
D a ta b a n d 0
F o rw a rd (B O T to E O T )
ta p e m o tio n
D a ta b a n d 2
Ta p e e d g e g u a rd b a n d
Ta p e re fe re n c e e d g e
Figure 3-1 Layout of the servo and data bands on the 3592 media
Servo tracks
Servo tracks or bands help to ensure accurate positioning of the tape drive head over the data
track so that the head does not stray onto an adjacent track. Servo tracks are necessary to
support high-data densities on the tape where the tracks are extremely close together.
The servo tracks are written at the time of cartridge manufacture before the cartridge is
usable for data storage and retrieval. Each tape write head has two servo heads, one servo
head for each of the two servo bands that it spans.
Two servo bands are used simultaneously to provide two sources of servo information for
increased accuracy. Control positions within the servo band are used to reposition the head to
write forward and reverse wraps, within each of the four data bands. This timing-based servo
technology can be finely tuned. It supports extremely high-track densities for future 3592
generations because more than eight positions can be defined within the same servo band,
thus expanding the potential track densities.
In addition, there are significant advances in the tape coating process, which uses
high-quality metal particle media.
3.2.3 Reliability and availability

The 3592 tape drive incorporates and expands on the high reliability and function of previous
IBM drives that were developed over many years of experience. It builds on proven
technologies to enhance and apply new techniques to ensure high reliability and availability.

Improved availability
Improved availability includes the following characteristics:
򐂰 Single field-replaceable unit (FRU)
When a service call is placed, the IBM Service Support Representative (SSR) does not
replace any parts or subassemblies inside the canister. The smaller drive unit means that
for any failure within the drive, the IBM SSR exchanges the entire unit rather than
performing lengthy diagnostics or component replacement in the field.
򐂰 Redundant, hot-pluggable power supplies
In all configurations, the drives are seated in cradles that contain two power supplies.
Each pair of power supplies can be used by one or two drives. One of these power
supplies is sufficient to run both drives, and the second power supply is provided for
redundancy.
򐂰 Retention of the Fibre Channel (FC) worldwide name ID or Ethernet port settings during
service action.
When a failed drive is exchanged, the attached hosts or storage area network (SAN) do
not need to be reconfigured to recognize a replacement drive. This function also
eliminates any issues with SAN or Ethernet host finding incorrect addresses during a
system reboot.
Advanced technology
Advanced technology includes the following characteristics:
򐂰 Robust loader mechanism
The loader mechanism is suitable for the heavy-duty cycle use in mainframe systems. The
leader block on the tape cartridge is replaced by a metal pin, which is enhanced over
previous drive implementations for increased robustness.
򐂰 Elimination of drive pneumatics and mechanical adjustments
The aerodynamic movement of the tape over the flat-lap head pulls the tape close to the
head while the tape is moving and provides maximum efficiency in reading and writing.
Because of the shape of the head, particles do not accumulate on the tape, which
eliminates the possibility of debris contaminating the tape surface.
Air-bearing heads effectively cushion the tape moving across the head. However,
whenever the tape stops, it relaxes toward the head surface. The head has a two-stage
actuator: One mechanism for moving to the required tape wrap and another finer actuator
for adjustments to the track-following servo.
򐂰 Straighter and shorter tape path for better tape tracking
Tape tracking is improved by using grooved rollers to provide surface-controlled guiding.
This enhancement decreases potential wear or damage on the edges of the tape and,
with the shorter tape path, decreases lateral movement.
򐂰 Speed matching to reduce backhitching (see 3.2.4, “Features that are designed for
capacity and performance” on page 102).
Buffering, speed matching, and virtual backhitch algorithms all serve to eliminate physical
backhitching. They improve performance and reduce the wear on the drive mechanics that
are caused by continually braking and reversing direction.
򐂰 Channel calibration to optimize performance and data integrity
The drive uses individual read/write data channel calibration, which uses sophisticated
techniques that were originally implemented in disk technology.

Enhanced service functions
The following service functions were enhanced:
򐂰 Enhanced SARS recording
The tape drive uses the Statistical Analysis Recording System (SARS) to help isolate
failures between media and hardware. The SARS uses the cartridge performance history
that is saved in the cartridge memory module and the drive performance history that is
kept in the drive flash.
The cartridge memory is a serial Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory (EEPROM), with read-only and rewritable areas, to determine the more likely
cause of failure. The SARS can cause the drive to request a cleaner cartridge (based on
use) to mark the media as degraded and to indicate that the hardware is degraded. SARS
information is reported through the TapeAlert flags and through media information
messages (MIMs) and service information messages (SIMs).
򐂰 Diagnostic information
The drive maintains logs to assist engineering or service personnel. The logs are included
in drive memory dumps and are accessible to service personnel in several ways, including
through the hot-pluggable service window. Memory dumps are maintained over Power On
Reset (POR).
򐂰 More temperature and voltage sensors to improve error isolation
The drive contains sensors and circuits to detect errors. A temperature sensor monitors
the temperature of the drive electronics. Voltage sensors detect when the power supply is
out of tolerance.
Other error checks, such as tape velocity checks, read/write data integrity checks, and
servo checks are performed by using circuitry and sensors. The drive Licensed Internal
Code checks for logic errors to handle hardware-detected errors and to detect and report
Licensed Internal Code-related errors.
򐂰 Drive status indicators and reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) functions on the
library drive interface
The drive provides indicators for FC status, whether the power is good, and faults.
However, the drive hot-pluggable service panel is the key service tool to perform test
procedures and interpret results. Many functions and information can now be accessed
that were previously available only from this panel in the 3494 Library Manager interface,
which is more convenient and accessible to clients and service personnel.
򐂰 Concurrent Licensed Internal Code update, with options to switch the new or old copy of
drive code
򐂰 Backup drive vital product data (VPD card) stored from the drive
When a drive is replaced, the VPD can be quickly downloaded to the drive by using the
backup, which reduces the time that is taken for repair or configuration.
򐂰 Functional Licensed Internal Code updates through the library manager
The firmware (Licensed Internal Code) can be updated in the 3592 tape drive in several
ways, and the update no longer requires a Field Microcode Replacement (FMR) tape. The
firmware can be updated by using the following components:
– FMR cartridge that contains the updated code
– Host attachment (FC bus) by using the write buffer command or by using ITDT
– RS-422 port to the drive if supported by the library automation
– Management Ethernet port (on TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 only)

򐂰 Preventive maintenance
The 3592 tape drive requires no preventive maintenance beyond the use of the cleaning
cartridge. The 3592 media cartridges require proper care and appropriate handling and
shipping procedures.
3.2.4 Features that are designed for capacity and performance

The unique features and specifications of the 3592 make it a true enterprise tape drive in
terms of performance and reliability. The following sections describe these industry-leading
features in greater detail.
Important: These features are generic for all 3592 drives. The TS1160 have other
advanced features that are described in 3.5, “IBM TS1160 tape drive” on page 118.
Data buffer
The drive has a large data buffer with read-ahead buffer management that addresses the
lowest band of data rates. It effectively collects more blocks of data in the buffer before writing
to the drive at a higher speed. As a result of this data buffer, the drive stops and starts less
often, which generally improves the overall performance and reliability of the drive and tape.
Speed matching
For medium data rates when they are operating from a host that cannot sustain the maximum
3592 data rate, the drive performs dynamic speed matching. The drive adjusts the native data
rate of the drive as closely as possible to the net host data rate (after factoring out data
compressibility). The 3592 drive operates at various speeds (6 - 13 speeds, depending on the
drive that is used) when the 3592 format is read or written to in an attempt to match the
effective host data rates.
If the net host data rate is between two of the speed matching native data rates, the drive
calculates at which of the two data rates to operate. Speed matching reduces the number of
required backhitches. In some environments, the backhitch of the drive is masked by the data
buffer of the drive. Therefore, the system throughput is not improved or reduced by speed
matching.
Cartridge memory
Contained within the cartridge is the Cartridge Memory (CM), which is a passive, contactless
silicon storage device that is physically a part of the cartridge. The CM is used to hold
information about that specific cartridge, the media in the cartridge, and the data on the
media.
The 3592 uses the same CM module as LTO media, with a capacity of 4 KiB, extended to
8 KiB on JB/JX media and JC/JY/JK media, enhanced to 16 KiB for JE, JV, JD, JL, JM, or JZ
media. The CM is designed for 3592 to support the high-resolution tape directory feature and
differs from the LTO specification. It supports the high-resolution tape directory feature (see
“High-resolution tape directory” on page 103).
Communication between the drive and the cartridge memory occurs through a noncontact,
passive radio frequency interface (RFI), which eliminates the need for physical connections to
the cartridge for power or signals.

High-resolution tape directory
The 3592 drive maintains a tape directory structure with a higher granularity of information
about the physical position of data blocks and file marks on the media. This feature gives the
3592 drive improved nominal and average access times for locate operations.
Locate times are uniform. They are based on the position of the block or file mark on the tape
independent of the uniformity of the block size or file mark distribution along the length of the
tape. Therefore, the 3592 locate and space performance is targeted to be completely and
individually dependent on the longitudinal position on tape of the target block or file mark.
Virtual backhitch (nonvolatile caching)

The 3592 stages write-data through an intermediate dynamic random access memory
(DRAM) buffer on its way to tape. This buffer is volatile because it does not retain what is
stored if power is lost. For streamed writes (or reads), this buffer yields considerably improved
performance.
When streaming writes cease, a typical pre-3592 tape drive halts the tape and repositions it
directly upstream of where the writing ended. From this action, later received data can be
written immediately following the previously written data. This method eliminates the waste of
the considerable length of tape. Substantial lengths of unwritten tape can significantly reduce
capacity. Here, a backhitch (reverse) by typical tape drives is used to eliminate this capacity
loss following a write to tape.
Nonvolatile caching (NVC) is a 3592 feature that can help greatly improve write performance
through backhitch reduction. This system temporarily reserves portions of physical tape for
cache areas. Data that is received from the host is written to the volatile buffer as usual and to
nonvolatile tape cache areas with the exception that no backhitch is necessary when
temporary copies are written to cache areas of tape. This temporary capacity loss is easily
recouped.
The data is written to temporary cache areas and is not released in the volatile buffer, but
instead it accumulates. This accumulation continues until the buffer is nearly full. Now, the
accumulated data in the buffer is rewritten through a streamed write to the standard area of
tape. When the rewrite is complete, the temporary cache areas of tape are released so that
they can be overwritten.
To significantly improve the average write throughput to tape, temporary copies can be written
to the cache areas of tape without backhitching until the buffer is nearly full. Then, a rewrite of
the data can be streamed to the standard area of tape.
Aside from the improved write throughput performance, the second effect of NVC writing is to
recover the capacity that is lost by the standard writing technique. Data that is received
between synchronization events fills containers of data to be written to tape called device
blocks or data sets. The standard writing technique calls for padding the last partially filled
data set. This padding on average amounts to half the size of the last data set. Given the
large data set sizes of modern tape drives, this loss can be substantial.
The streaming rewrite of the data that is accumulated in a buffer causes nearly all data sets
written to a standard area of tape to be written in full, which is known as data set packing.
Writing in NVC mode is automatically started by the drive when host writing behaviors are
detected that get better performance when in NVC writing mode. Similarly, NVC writing is
discontinued when host commands are received that do not benefit from NVC writing, or
when commands, such as rewind, are received.

When NVC writing is exited, the drive writes any packed data sets that are accumulated in its
buffer before running the command that caused NVC mode to be stopped. Because it is
automatically started and stopped, NVC writing is not apparent to host applications. The only
indication that NVC writing occurs is the improved capacity and performance that can result
from this mode of writing.
The two components of nonvolatile caching, backhitch reduction and data set packing,
provide major performance and capacity improvements over standard tape drives, such as
the 3590, or Linear Tape-Open (LTO) writing of synchronized data. Data set packing
improves overall tape capacity. Backhitch reduction decreases the frequency of mechanical
repositions. NVC provides an innovative approach to increasing capacity and write
performance in a way that is not apparent to host applications.
3.2.5 Performance or capacity scaling

The 3592 drives support scaling and segmentation modes on the read/write (JA, JB, JC, JD,
or JE) cartridges so that users can trade off capacity for improved access times.
Important: Capacity scaling is not supported for economy (JJ, JK, JL, and JM) or Write
Once Read Many (WORM) tapes (JW, JX, JY, JR, and JZ).
Although 256 settings of capacity are supported on the 3592 drive, the following settings are
often used:
򐂰 Full capacity default mode
򐂰 A 20% scaled fast access mode (capacity scaled, front of tape through an x'35' setting)
򐂰 Performance scaling for 86.6% capacity (segmented format, capacity scaling setting x'E0')
Performance scaling, also known as capacity scaling, is a function through which data can
be contained in a specified fraction of the tape, which yields faster locate and read times.
This function is made possible through the action of modifying internal formatting
indicators in the medium and in the cartridge memory chip.
The normal serpentine track format is altered in such a way as to limit the recorded portion
of the tape to a specified fraction of the length of the tape (as shown for 3592-60F in
Figure 3-2). In the 3592, an application can issue a Mode Select command to scale an
individual cartridge. It pertains only to the cartridge that is loaded and is not persistent.
Beginning of Tape
100%
Beginning of Tape
Not used
20%
Figure 3-2 Examples for a 100% tape and scaled tape by 20%

The result of performance scaling a tape to a percentage value (for example, 20%) is that
the maximum number of recordable gigabytes is reduced to 20% of the normal value.
Also, the average time to locate a random record on a full tape starting from load point is
(roughly) 20% of the time to locate a random record from load point for a full, unscaled
tape.
The cartridge can be rescaled from any current value to any supported new value. Tape is
logically erased by this rescaling (the end of data mark is written at the beginning of the
tape), but not physically erased as with the long erase command. Scaling or rescaling one
cartridge does not cause rescaling of the next cartridge. An explicit command must be
issued for each cartridge to be scaled or rescaled.
Capacity scaling and segmentation

Capacity segmentation provides fast access and capacity by allowing the tape to be divided
into two segments. One segment is a fast access segment to be filled first, and the other
segment is more capacity to be filled after the first segment. Therefore, it is high performance
in two ways. It has segmentation and has high-performance random access in the first
segment, as though it was a scaled cartridge, and providing other larger capacity, as shown in
Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3 Segmented tape on 3592-E08 JD media
Performance capacity scaling and segmentation have the following implications:

򐂰 If host systems provide a means to limit the amount of data that a client places on the
media (for example, with a percent utilization construct), the user achieves a much faster
average access time to the first data. Also, more locates on the same volume improve
significantly.
򐂰 When the performance segmentation option is used, the overall capacity of the cartridge is
limited to 86.6% of the total capacity. The fast access segment occupies the first 20% of
the cartridge, followed by the slower access segment.
3.3 Physical attachment

The 3592 tape drives are supported in various environments, including selected IBM
mainframes (IBM Z® and zEnterprise® systems), IBM System i™, IBM iSeries, AS/400, IBM
Power Systems (p6 and newer), IBM System p (p5 and older), IBM RS/6000, IBM pSeries,
IBM System x, IBM xSeries, Oracle, and Hewlett-Packard servers. They also are supported
on Intel technology-compatible servers that are running Microsoft Windows and Linux.
Consult the IBM System Storage™ Interoperability Center (SSIC) to check which systems
were tested and are approved for use:
https://www.ibm.com/systems/support/storage/ssic/interoperability.wss
Most 3592 tape drives can also attach to IBM Z servers with the IBM Fibre Connection
(FICON) channels by using the IBM TS7760T, IBM 3592 Model C06, and C07 FICON Tape
Controllers. The TS1155 and TS1160 are not supported on IBM Z systems.

The 3592 Fibre Channel (FC) attach tape drives feature dual-ported, switched FC
attachments 8 Gbps (TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140), and 16 Gbps (TS1160). This function
provides capability for the attachment to multiple servers or a single server with redundancy.
This function also offers attachment flexibility in an open systems environment. The drive can
be directly attached to open systems servers with use of a Fibre Channel host bus adapters
(HBAs).
The TS1160 and TS1155 Ethernet attach tape drive includes two 10 GB optical Ethernet
ports, or the option for two 25 Gbps Ethernet ports on the TS1160.
The TS1160 tape drives attempt to connect at 16 Gbps. However, they autonegotiate down to
8 Gbps, or 4 Gbps if the system or port that they are connected to cannot support higher
bandwidth.
The TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives attempt to connect at 8 Gbps. However, they
can autonegotiate down to 4 Gbps, 2 Gbps, or 1 Gbps if the system or port that they are
connected to cannot support higher bandwidth.
The 3592 8Gb Fibre Channel (FC) attach tape drives can operate as a node loop port
(NL_port) (Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop [FC-AL] support) or as a node (N_port), which
supports direct connection to a SAN switch (also known as point-to-point or fabric mode).
The 3592 tape drives autonegotiate to the N_port or NL_port, depending on whether a loop
or a point-to-point connection is detected when the drive boots.
The drives do not autonegotiate if the drive was set to use a specific setting of these
configurations. Regardless of whether the 3592 tape drives connect as an NL_port or an
N_port, they autonegotiate to be a public device (attached to a switch) or a private device
(attached to another N_port; that is, directly to a host).
The 3592 16 Gb Fibre Channel (FC) connected tape drives only operate in node or fabric
mode (N_port), supporting direct connection to a SAN switch or supported HBA. (This mode
is also known as point-to-point or fabric mode). The 16 Gb port does not support Fibre
Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) mode.
If a library drive is replaced, an IBM SSR might select the replacement unit to automatically
inherit the configuration attributes of the failed unit. This way, a user can avoid reconfiguring
the zoning in the switches. Alternatively, the panels can be used to change these fields
directly at any time.
For more information about FC attachment planning, see IBM System Storage 3592 Tape
Drive and Controller Introduction and Planning Guide 3592 Models E06, EU6, E07/EH7,
E08/EH8, GA32-0555.
For the latest information about applications and their levels that support 3592 tape drives,
see the independent software vendor (ISV) matrixes in the document at this website:
http://www-07.ibm.com/storage/includes/pdf/lto_isv_matrix.pdf
3.3.1 Multiple Fibre Channel ports

All 3592 FC models have two independent FC interfaces or ports. Both ports run the SCSI
protocol with FC tape support. By using these two ports, concurrent attachment of two
independent FC configurations can be made to each drive. One or both ports can be attached
to various open systems servers, SAN switches, and directors.

The 3592 tape drives support industry-standard shortwave LC-Duplex fiber optic cables, with
cable lengths of up to 500 m (1640 ft.) and 50 microns of core fiber, depending on the
attachment speed required.
The following maximum distances are supported by the shortwave adapters with the 50/125
LC-Duplex fibre optic cables:
򐂰 1 Gbps shortwave adapters have a maximum distance of 500 meters (1,640 ft.)
򐂰 2 Gbps shortwave adapters have a maximum distance of 300 meters (984 ft.)
The following maximum distances are supported by the shortwave adapters with the OM3
LC-Duplex fibre optic cables:
3.3.2 Supported topologies

The 3592 tape drives support switched fabric and point-to-point loop topologies.
Switched fabric
Two or more FC endpoints interconnect through a switch. The FC architecture supports up to
256 ports through each switch. Switches include a function that is called zoning. By using this
function, the user can partition the switch ports into port groups and then assign group
access to other groups. This function prevents group interference. With switched fabrics, all of
their ports have simultaneous use of the full FC architecture bandwidth.
Point-to-point loop
A point-to-point loop is similar to a point-to-point topology. Both have two connected FC
endpoints. The difference is in the protocol. Therefore, when only two FC endpoints are
connected, either protocol is usable. However, both endpoints must use the same protocol.
The 3592 model supports a point-to-point loop. Most FC adapters default to the loop protocol
when not directly connected to a fabric.
Important: SAN switches normally default the switch port to loop mode. If port is set to
automatic mode, loop mode is the first mode that is attempted during the port login
process. The 3592 accepts loop mode and logs in to the port. To get the 3592 to log in to
the SAN switch port in fabric mode, the port on the switch should be set to fixed fabric
mode by the switch administrator or at the drive by using the management interface.
The TS1160 (model 60F and 60G) 16 Gb FC ports do not support FC-AL.
Address assignments
The 3592 tape drives must have an FC address to communicate over the FC interface. The
tape drives support hard and soft addressing. Most FC hosts (initiators) support hard
addressing and do not support soft addressing. For more information, see the device driver
documentation.

Fibre Channel worldwide name ID
Each Fibre Channel card on the 3592 tape drive has four names (Node 0, Node 1, Port 0, and
Port 1) that are hardcoded into the electronics of the card by IBM manufacturing. These
names are similar to a serial number and are unique throughout the world. For more
information, see the device driver documentation. If the drive is inside a library, the WWN is
configured by the library based on the library serial number and physical location inside the
library.
Note: The WWN of a drive changes if drives are moved to a different location that is inside
a library or to a different library. Such a move can require zoning changes.
3.3.3 Ethernet drives

IBM TS1160 Tape Drive, Model 60E, delivers 10 Gb or 25Gb, and the IBM TS1155 Tape
Drive, Model 50E delivers 10 Gb Ethernet host attachment interface, which is optimized for
cloud-based and hyperscale environments.
This configuration provides dual 10 Gb or 25Gb optical Ethernet host attachment ports, using
Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over Converged Ethernet for cloud-based and
open-compute environments.
The dual 10 Gb or dual 25 Gb ports use short wave multi-mode optical SFP transceivers and
the allowable cable lengths are listed in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1 Ethernet optical cable limits

Fiber cable type Connector Minimum modal bandwidth at Operating range in
Type 850 nm (MHz x km) meters
62.5 µm MMF LC 160 2-26
62.5 µm MMF LC 200 2-33
50 µm MMF LC 400 2-66
50 µm MMF LC 500 2-82
50 µm MMF LC 2000 2-300
16 Gb 50 µm MMF LC 2000 2-300
16 Gb 50 µm MMF LC 4700 2-400
The TS1100 Ethernet drives support iSCSI Extension for RDMA (iSER) on Converged
Ethernet (RoCEv2). This specific protocol uses a UDP transport layer and required Data
Center Bridging (DCB) switches and lossless networks.
Extensions for RDMA (iSER) is a standard that enables iSCSI hosts and targets to take
advantage of RDMA capabilities. iSER runs on top of a RDMA capable Network Interface
Card (rNIC) regardless of the protocol.
The TS1160 60E and TS1155 55E is supported through Microsoft Windows device driver and
requires approval of i-RPQ 8B3685.

Figure 3-4 shows current and future interface support.
Figure 3-4 Interfaces available on TS 1100
3.4 Media
Users must cost-effectively store more digital information than ever before, often to meet
growing regulatory and legal requirements. The 3592 tape drives help to meet these needs
with the IBM Tape Cartridge 3592. The TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130,
TS1120, and 3592-J1A all use the 3592 tape cartridge. This tape cartridge offers various
capacity options, depending on the drive and recording format that are used or the cartridge
model that was ordered (Data, WORM, or Economy).
These capabilities expand the range of client data workloads that can be addressed with the
3592 tape drives. The economy cartridge can help lower the cartridge cost for users with
smaller capacity needs and provide faster access to data. The WORM cartridges provide
nonerasable, nonrewritable storage media. Users with regulatory or legal requirements to
store electronic records for long periods might be able to use the 3592 tape drives to provide
cost-effective storage.
The 3592 cartridges have a form factor similar to the 3590 tape cartridge. They are supported
in the following IBM cartridge library environments:
The IBM 3592 ½-inch tape cartridge contains an advanced fourth-generation metal particle
formulation in a dual-layer coating on a half-inch-wide tape. The IBM tape uses an advanced
magnetic coating and process that provides a high output and signal quality to support the
current 3592 tape drives.

The tape features an ultra-smooth and uniform magnetic layer less than 0.2 microns thick and
a specially refined coating formulation that is designed to help improve media reliability and
performance and minimize wear of the tape heads and components. A precision timing-based
servo with enhanced features helps enable high track densities, high data rates, data access
performance and high reliability, and stop-start performance.
The following are the media types used for the different media types:
򐂰 Dual coat, MP nanocubic particle, PEN substrate 8.9 µm nominal thickness (JA types)
򐂰 Dual coat, MP nanocubic particle, PEN substrate 6.6 µm nominal thickness (JB types)
򐂰 Dual coat, Barium Ferrite (BaFe) particle, PEN substrate, 6.1 µm nominal thickness
(JC types)
򐂰 Dual coat, BaFe particle, Aramid substrate, 5.0 µm nominal thickness (JD types)
򐂰 Hc perpendicularly oriented BaFe particle (JE types)
Modifications to the cartridge design and construction help improve pin retention, hub and
clutch engagement, spool alignment and tape stacking within the cartridge. These
enhancements help improve reliability and durability of the media and the tape drive.
Enhanced assembly strengthens the cartridge at critical locations and helps make the 3592
cartridge less susceptible to damage, such as from being dropped.
The tape is pulled from the cartridge with a leader pin rather than a leader block as in the
3590 cartridge. A sliding door covers the area that was formerly occupied by the leader block
in a 3590 cartridge. A locking mechanism prevents the media from unwinding when the
cartridge is not in a drive. A special mechanical design provision prevents the 3592 cartridge
types from being loaded into 3590 or 3490 drives. If a 3592 cartridge is inadvertently loaded
into a 3590, the cartridge present sensor does not change state and the drive does not
attempt to load.
3.4.1 3592 media cartridge

This section provides more detail about the 3592 tape cartridge media.
Media types and compatibility

There are multiple different media types in the 3592 range. The capacity of the 3592 tape
cartridge depends on the format that is used when writing from the beginning-of-tape (BOT).
Two basic formats are used: Enterprise Format (EFMT) and Enterprise Encrypted Format
(EEFMT). The TS11160 and TS1155 are not supported for IBM z/OS® attachment.
Each tape drive model has different formatting capabilities, as listed in Table 3-2.
Table 3-2 Read and write SMS z/OS media types that are supported
Drive type EFMT1 EFMT2 EFMT3 EFMT4 EFMT5
EEFMT2 EEFMT3 EEFMT4 EEFMT5
3592 J1A Read/write No No No No
TS1120 Read/write Read/write No No No
TS1130 Read only Read/write Read/write No No
TS1140 Read only Read only Read/write Read/write No
TS1150 No No No Read/write Read/write

All 3592 tape drives support cartridge reuse. The 3592 tape cartridges can be reformatted to
any tape format that is supported by the tape drive when writing from BOT. When
reformatting, all existing data on the cartridge is erased.
Note: Cartridge reuse depends on compatibility of the media on the drive being used.
Using the supported densities on the different 3592 drives, they can use different media.
Table 3-3 lists the capability of each drive to use different media.
Table 3-3 Drive and cartridge compatibility
Tape unit JE, JM, JV JD, JL, JZ JC, JK, JY JB, JX JA, JJ, JW, JR
cartridge cartridges cartridges cartridges cartridges
3592 J1A No No No No Read/write
TS1140 No No Read/write Read/write Read only
TS1150 and No Read/write Read/write No No

TS1155
TS1160 Read/write Read/write Read/write No No
Table 3-4 lists the media types, native capacity options, and compatibility options that are
available with 3592 tape drives.
Table 3-4 IBM 3592 media type capability

Media Media 3592 60F 3592 55E, 55F, 3592 E08, EH8 3592 E07, EH7 3592 E06
type type format J6 Format J5A Format J5 Format J4 Format J3
native capacity
Data JA Not supported Not supported Not supported 640 GB a 640 GB
500 GBa 500 GB

E05 format E05 format
300 GBa 300 GBa

J1A format J1A format
Extended JB Not supported Not supported Not supported 1.6 TB 1 000 GB

Data (1.46 TiB)
1 TB
(.9 TiB)
E06 format
Advanced JC 7 TB 7 TB 7 TB 4 TB Not supported

Data (6.37 TiB) (6.37 TiB) (6.37 TiB) (3.6 TiB)
Advanced JD 15 TB 15 TB 10 TB Not supported Not supported

Data (13.64 TiB) (13.64 TiB) (9.1 TiB)
Advanced JE 20TB Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported
Data (18.19 TiB)

Media Media 3592 60F 3592 55E, 55F, 3592 E08, EH8 3592 E07, EH7 3592 E06
type type format J6 Format J5A Format J5 Format J4 Format J3
native capacity
Economy JJ Not supported Not supported Not supported 128 GBa 128 GB
100 GBa 100 GB

60 GBa 60 GBa
Advanced JK 900 GB 900 GB 900 GB 500 GB Not supported

Economy (0.82 TiB) (0.82 TiB) (0.82 TiB)
Advanced JL 3 TB 3 TB 2 TB Not supported Not supported

Economy (2.73 TiB) (2.73 TiB) (1.82 TiB)
Advanced JM 5TB Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported
Economy (4.55 TiB)
Economy JR Not supported Not supported Not supported 128 GBa 128 GB
WORM
100 GBa 100 GB
60 GBa 60 GBa
WORM JW Not supported Not supported Not supported 640 GBa 640 GB
500 GBa 500 GB

300 GBa 300 GBa

Extended JX Not supported Not supported Not supported 1.6 TB 1.6 TB

WORM (1.46 TiB) (1.46 TiB)
1 TB
(.9 TiB)
E06 format
Advanced JV 20 TB Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported

WORM (18.19 TiB)
Advanced JY 7 TB 7 TB 7 TB 4 TB Not supported

WORM (6.37 TiB) (6.37 TiB) (6.37 TiB) (3.6 TiB)
Advanced JZ 15 TB 15 TB 10 TB Not supported Not supported

WORM (13.64 TiB) (13.64 TiB) (9.1 TiB)
a. Read Only (RO)
Important: The TS1160, TS1155, and TS1150 cannot read or write to a JA, JW, JJ, JR,
JB, or JX media.
The TS1140 can read but not write to a JA, JJ, JW, or JR media that is written in a
supported format.

Figure 3-5 shows an example of the media types: A full length read/write tape on the left,
WORM cartridges in the middle, and economy read/write cartridges on the right. The WORM
cartridges have a platinum-colored shell, and the read/write cartridges have a black shell.
Figure 3-5 IBM 3592 WORM and read/write cartridges
Labels
The 3592 cartridges use a media label to describe the cartridge type. Figure 3-6 shows a
3592 JE cartridge label. In tape libraries, the library vision system identifies the types of
cartridges during an inventory operation. The vision system reads a volume serial number
(VOLSER), which is on the label on the edge of the cartridge. The VOLSER contains 1 - 6
characters, which are left-aligned on the label. If fewer than 6 characters are used, spaces
are added. The media type is indicated by the seventh and eighth characters.
Figure 3-6 View of the 3592 cartridge label
Cleaning cartridges
One cleaning cartridge is designed specifically for the 3592 drives. As with the data
cartridges, the 3592 cleaning cartridges are not interchangeable with any other model
cleaning cartridges (for example, LTO cleaning cartridges). Therefore, both types of cleaning
cartridges must be inserted into the library if there are both types of drives in the environment.
The cleaning cartridge also contains a cartridge memory device, which automatically tracks the
number of times that it was used. Cleaning cartridges must be replaced after 50 cleaning
cycles.
The physical characteristics of the 3592 cleaning cartridge can be used to distinguish it from
the 3592 data cartridges. The product label on the top of the cartridge is white with the word
“cleaning” printed on it. Instead of the write-protect switch, there is a non-moveable light gray
block, which is shown as 1 in Figure 3-7 on page 114. The cartridge door is also light gray. If
cleaning cartridges with pre-attached labels are ordered, the first 3 characters of the VOLSER
are CLN, as identified by the number 2 label in Figure 3-7 on page 114.

Figure 3-7 Cleaning cartridge
3.4.2 WORM functionality

All 3592 tape drives with the appropriate Licensed Internal Code version installed can read
and write WORM cartridges. The WORM data cartridges for the IBM 3592 tape drive provide
nonalterable, nonrewritable tape media for long-term records retention. WORM includes the
following characteristics:
򐂰 WORM cartridges are available in the following formats:
– JV (advanced), which is supported by the 3592 60E, 60G, and 60F, at 20 TB.
– JW (full length), which is supported by 3592 J1A, E05, E06, and E07 (read only) tape
drives, 640 GB in E06 format, 500 GB in E05 format, and 300 GB in J1A format.
– JX (extended), which is supported by 3592 E05, E06, and E07, with 1.6 TB in E07
format, 1TB in E06 format, and 700 GB in E05 format.
– JY (advanced), which is supported by the 3592 E07 and E08 tape drives only, 5 TB in
E07 format, and 7 TB in E08, 55G, 55F, 55F, 60G, 60F, and 60E format.
– JZ (advanced), which is supported by the 3592 E08 tape drive only, 10 TB in E08
format and 15 TB in the 60G, 55G, 55E,55F, 60G, 60F, and 60E format.
򐂰 Nonreversible screws are used to secure the media housing.
򐂰 WORM and read/write cartridges can be intermixed within the same IBM TS3500 or
TS4500 tape library.
򐂰 When the drive senses that a cartridge is a WORM cartridge, the Licensed Internal Code
prohibits changing or altering user data that is already written on the tape. The Licensed
Internal Code tracks the last appendable point on the tape with an overwrite-protection
pointer that is stored in the cartridge memory.
򐂰 Each WORM cartridge is identified by using a worldwide cartridge identifier (WWCID),
which is permanent and locked and provides another level of security for data that must be
maintained.
򐂰 A WORM cartridge never can be made non-WORM and a non-WORM cartridge cannot be
made WORM.
򐂰 Written user data never can be modified or erased.
WORM basics
The 3592 tape drives support 3592 read/write cartridges and 3592 WORM cartridges. The
WORM cartridge is geometrically identical to a read/write cartridge and uses the same
rewritable media formulation. However, the servo format, which is mastered onto the tape at
manufacturing, is different for WORM cartridge types.

The WORM function does not come from any inherent non-reversible media characteristic
(such as permanent WORM on optical CD-R media or optical WORM). Instead, the WORM
function is enabled by the method the Licensed Internal Code of the 3592 drive handles a
WORM cartridge.
The Licensed Internal Code of the drive does not support overwrite or erasure of previously
written user data, such as records or file marks. However, the Licensed Internal Code of the
drive supports appending new data following existing data.
Unique cartridge identifier

Each IBM 3592 Tape WORM cartridge is identifiable through a unique cartridge identifier
(UCID). The intent of the UCID is that it is constructed to ensure that it is unique worldwide.
This identifier is derived from the 4-byte unique cartridge memory serial number of the
cartridge memory chip in the 3592 WORM cartridge.
This serial number is concatenated with the 8-byte unique tape serial number that was
created from information that is mastered into the timing-based servo at the time that the
cartridge is manufactured.
The parts of UCID that come from this combined serial number are written to a locked part of
the cartridge memory. This other level of security supports legal audit requirements.
Furthermore, the UCID supports unique cartridge tracking and can be the differentiator to
using other WORM tape providers.
Drive operation to prevent overwriting

A WORM drive handles a WORM cartridge differently than a read/write cartridge. In general,
a WORM drive responds to a subset of the SCSI commands that work on a read/write
cartridge. For example, an Erase command is rejected with the appropriate error posted.
Additionally, a WORM drive rejects certain command sequences of otherwise valid

commands. For example, if a cartridge is not empty, a Rewind command followed by a Write
command is rejected with the appropriate error posted.
The Licensed Internal Code tracks the last appendable point on the tape by using an
overwrite-protection pointer that is stored in the cartridge memory (CM). Statistical Analysis
and Reporting System (SARS) data can be written and updated on WORM tapes because
the SARS data is not in the user area of the tape.
The 3592 tape drives allow append operations to data already on WORM cartridges, and
allow overwrite of file marks and other non-data attributes to provide application transparency.
However, they do not allow data overwrite under any circumstances. After they are full of data,
WORM cartridges cannot be reused or erased by the drive and must be physically destroyed
or bulk degaussed to delete data. For full tape application use, certain trailer and label record
overwrites are allowed.
Important: WORM cartridges cannot be reused after they are written to. Therefore,
WORM cartridges must be physically destroyed when they are no longer of use. Before it
is discarded, if the WORM cartridge has sensitive data, it must be bulk-erased, which
erases everything on the tape including the mastered servo pattern and renders it useless.

3.4.3 Tape encryption for TS1100
The TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives use an AES encryption key, which is
a random string of bits that are generated specifically to scramble and unscramble data.
Encryption keys are created by using algorithms that ensure that each key is unique and
unpredictable. The longer the key string is, the harder it is to break the encryption code.
These drives use 256-bit AES algorithm keys to encrypt data.
The following types of encryption algorithms are used by for encryption:

򐂰 Symmetric algorithms
Symmetric (or secret key) encryption uses a single key for encryption and decryption.
Symmetric key encryption generally is used for encrypting large amounts of data
efficiently.
򐂰 Asymmetric algorithms
Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys. Data that is encrypted by using one key can be
decrypted only by using the other key in the asymmetric key pair.
When an asymmetric or public or private key pair is generated, the public key is used for
encryption, and the private key is used for decryption.
TS1100 tape drives use both types of encryption algorithms. Symmetric encryption is used
for high-speed encryption of user or host data. Asymmetric encryption (which is slower) is
used for protecting the symmetric key that is used to encrypt the data (key wrapping).
The TS1100 tape drives support three encryption management techniques: System,
Application, and Library Managed. For more information about encryption, see 2.2.2,
“Encryption methods” on page 61.
IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager

IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager (SKLM) is the IBM strategic platform for storage and
delivery of encryption keys to encrypting storage end-point devices. The SKLM can be used
with the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 encrypting tape drives.
IBM SKLM serves data keys to the tape drive. It focuses on ease of use and provides a
graphical user interface (GUI) to help with the installation and configuration of the key
manager. It also allows for the creation and management of the key encrypting keys
(certificates).
Important: EKM should no longer be downloaded for new tape encryption installations.
EKM still can be downloaded by existing EKM customers that have previously
implemented EKM, or by IBM i5/OS clients who want to run their key manager on i5/OS. If
you are using the EKM, you can migrate to the new IBM SKLM.
For more information about IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager (formerly Security Key
Lifecycle Manager), see the IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager V3.0 documentation at this
website:
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSWPVP_3.0.0.1/com.ibm.sklm.doc/welcom
e.htm

3.4.4 Rack-mount option for TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 models
Rack-mount options are available for the 3592 drives when they are stand-alone drives. The
rack-mount kits are ordered by a feature code, which is FC 4804 for EH7, EH8, 55F, and 60F
drives, and FC 9806 (Left Hand) or FC 9807 (Right Hand) for EH7, EH8, 55F, and 60F drives.
The 3592 rack mount for 3592 EH7 or EH8 drives is shown in Figure 3-8 on page 117. It is a
3-rack unit (RU) feature that mounts up to two EH7 or EH8 drives. FC 4808 has dual power for
redundancy and the Remote Management Communication (RMC) card reuses design
circuitry from the BPC and DSC in the TS4500. The power cords are C13-C14 for PDU
attachment, and the feature does not support country-specific power cords.
The user interface is a GUI that is connected through Ethernet to the drives by a panel in the
center of the rack enclosure. It also supports temporary connection to a notebook for the IBM
Engineer to load code or to download logs. An air baffle (FC 4806) is available if only one
drive is installed.
Figure 3-8 3592 Rack Mount Kit for EH7, EH8, 55E, or 55F drives
The old style 3592 rack mount for 3592 J1A, E05, E06, E07, or E08 drives is shown in
Figure 3-9. It is a 10 rack unit kit that is compatible only with E0x drive canisters. The User
Interface is through a CE panel on the rear of the machine.
Figure 3-9 3592 Rack Mount Kit for J1A or E0x drives

3.5 IBM TS1160 tape drive
The IBM TS1160 tape drive (which is also referred to as the 3592 Model 60G, 60E, or 60F) is
an enhanced sixth-generation tape drive of the IBM 3592 tape family. The TS1160 tape drive
provides higher levels of cartridge capacity than the TS1150 Model E08 (EH8). It is designed
to provide an increased capacity on JE media types compared with its predecessors.
Note: The TS1160 model 60G drive is designed for installation in the TS3500.
Depending on interface type ordered, the TS1160 model 60E will be available with dual
10 GB, or dual 25 GB fiber Ethernet (RoCE v2) ports for host attachment. These ports are
optimized for cloud-based and large, open-compute environments.
The TS1160 model 60F and 60G tape drives have a dual-port, 16-Gbps Fibre Channel
interface for Fibre Channel attachment to host systems, or a switched fabric environment.
The TS1160 Tape drive is capable of reading and writing up to 20 TB capacity on JE media
types (JE/JV/JM), compared to 15 TB for TS1155 on JD media.
The TS1160 tape drive can read (read only), TS1140 formatted tapes on JC, JY, and JK
media.
The TS1160 can read and write to any media written in TS1150 and TS155 format.
Although media that is written in TS1160 format is not readable by TS1155 or TS1150, the
media is back-portable for reformatting to TS1155 or TS1150 format.
The IBM TS1160 tape drive (which is also referred to as the 3592 Model 60F, 3592 Model
60G, or 3592 Model 60E) is the sixth tape drive generation of the IBM 3592 tape family. The
TS1160 tape drive provides higher levels of performance, reliability, and cartridge capacity
than the TS1155 tape drive.
The TS1160 uses Tunnel Magneto Resistive TMR head technology, which is a
high-technology, 3-module, 32-channel head technology that is designed for higher native
data rate performance and reliability.
The TS1160 provide a native data rate performance of up to 400 MBps versus the 360 MBps
data rate of the TS1155 tape drive Model 55E.
The TS1160 records in two native recording formats, supporting encryption and
nonencryption:
򐂰 J6 logical format is used to represent the non-encrypted recording format for TS1160
򐂰 J6-E is used to denote the encrypted recording format for TS1160
The TS1160 TS1160 is downward read/write compatible to the TS1150 and TS1155 formats
and is read-only compatible to TS1140 format (J4 and J4-E) on supported cartridges.
Note: The TS116 0cannot read or write any format from J3, J3-E (TS1130), or earlier.
The host interfaces to open systems platforms are maintained as with previous 3592 models.

The TS1160 support integration with the TS3500 or TS4500 tape library. Figure 3-10 shows
the IBM TS1160 (3592 60G) tape drive for TS3500 library.
Figure 3-10 3592 60G tape drive
The TS1160 maintains the same features and technology enhancements that were
introduced with the TS1120 and extended by the TS1130, TS1140, TS1150, and then the
TS1155. The TS1160 offers several enhancements over the predecessor models.
The TS1160 has the following key features, including those features that were introduced
with the TS1155 and previous models:
򐂰 Recursive accumulating backhitch-less flush or nonvolatile caching (NVC)
򐂰 Backhitch-less backspace
򐂰 Virtual backhitch
򐂰 Read ahead
򐂰 Streaming Lossless Data Compression (SLDC)
򐂰 Single FRU
򐂰 SARS
򐂰 Revised encryption support

򐂰 Added partitioning support
򐂰 Data Safe mode
򐂰 New enhanced Barium Ferrite (BaFe) particle media types
򐂰 Dual-port, 16 Gb FC attachment with failover support for FC drives
򐂰 Dual port, 10 or 25 Gb Ethernet ports for TS1155 model 3592 60E
򐂰 Max Capacity mode logical end-of-tape (LEOT) support for up to 4% more capacity
򐂰 Partitioning that is supported by Spectrum Archive and IBM Linear Tape File System
(LTFS)
3.5.1 Physical attachment

The TS1160 is supported for attachment in the TS3500 or TS4500 tape libraries or as rack
mounted. Table 3-5 lists the attachment configurations that are available for TS1160.
Table 3-5 Maximum 3592 tape drive attachments in environments without a tape controller
Environment Number of TS1160 tape drives
2.0-meter rack (IBM Model 7014-T42) Up to 16
1.6-meter rack (IBM Model 7014-S00) Up to 12
TS3500 Up to 12a per frame
TS4500 Up to 16 per frame

a. Prerequisites must be met for installing TS1160 into a TS3500. The TS3500 must include
enhanced node cards installed. The TS3500 must have the latest version of Firmware level
which supports the TS1160 installed. Consult with IBM support to ensure compatible code is
installed for the drive type to be installed.
The TS1160 is supported for attachment in the IBM TS3500, and communicates with the
TS3500 tape library through an internal library connection. It uses Statistical Analysis and
Reporting System (SARS) to isolate failures between the media and the hardware.
The TS1160 Model 60F, or 60G, offers a dual-port 16 Gbps Fibre Channel host attachment
interface. This feature provides flexibility in open systems environments because the drives
can attach to open systems servers directly with Fibre Channel attachments.
The TS1160 have the same front bezel with a chevron fiducial as the TS1140. The buttons
and display are the same buttons and display on all of the previous models of 3592 drives.

Figure 3-11 shows the front of the 3592 60E tape drive.
Figure 3-11 3592 model 60G front panel
3.5.2 TS1160 physical characteristics

The TS1160 drives have an identical form factor, and it is plug-compatible with existing 3592
models. It maintains low power and improves power management. The drive power usage is
53 - 60 watts maximum operating power. Standby power is fewer than 35 watts.
The drives have a standby cooling management feature, which reduces the fan speed when
the drive is idle to further reduce power and reduce airborne debris contaminants. The fan
operating mode is controlled by a single input signal that is called full-speed mode or
variable-speed mode. In full-speed mode, the fan or blower runs at full speed. In
variable-speed mode, the blower adjusts its speed based on the ambient temperature down
to a minimum of about 50% of its full speed.
The speed of the fan is based on the following conditions:

򐂰 The drive code enables variable-speed mode under the following conditions:
– The drive is unloaded and idle for 5 minutes.
– The internal temperature is at least 3 degrees below the full speed required
temperature limit.
򐂰 The drive code reverts to full-speed mode as soon as the following conditions are met:
– A cartridge is placed in the loader or loaded.
– The internal temperature of the drive rises above the full speed required temperature
limit.
The internal temperature sensor is sampled at 5-minute intervals.

Internal hardware enhancements
These drives feature the following hardware enhancements over the previous models:
򐂰 New dataflow ASIC chip (Bara) in CU-32 technology
򐂰 Enables higher data rate of 400 MBps
򐂰 Enables longer C2 ECC code and iterative decoding (effective SNRa uplift)
򐂰 Increases HIB transfer rate to 1600 MBps for FC-16/Ethernet attachment
򐂰 SPA write driver
򐂰 TMR read sensor technology of approximately 1um reader width
򐂰 High Bs writer to support writing of higher capacity JE tape
򐂰 TMR Shorting mitigators TBALL Readers
򐂰 New FC-16 Lancer G6 host target chip and PCIE bridge FPGA
򐂰 New Arrowhead Qlogic Ethernet chip with support for iSCSI/RoCE 10Gb, 25Gb
򐂰 Spring load rollers with new lubricant
򐂰 New JE media support
򐂰 Magnetic layer features new higher Hc perpendicularly oriented BaFe particle
򐂰 Thinner underlayer supporting longer tape
The data-dependent, noise-predictive, maximum-likelihood (DD-NPML) detection scheme

was developed at IBM Research™, Zurich to enable the accurate detection of data errors.
3.5.3 Media
The TS1160 drives use the following enhanced Barium Ferrite (BaFe) second-generation
particle media types. This new media uses oriented perpendicular BaFe mag layer that is
approximately a 1.8 dB bbSNR improvement from JC/JD. The new media can be read/written
up to 400 MBps native sustained data rate (up to 900 MBps at 3:1 compression ratio) in the
new 32-channel Jag6, 6E, 5, 5E, 5A, and 5AE logical format, as listed in Table 3-6.
Table 3-6 Media type and read/write format compatibility

Media type TS1160
Logical Format read/write
JE J6 J6-E
JM J6 J6-E
JV J6 J6-E
JD J6 J6-E J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E
JZ J6 J6-E J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E
JL J6 J6-E J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E
JC J6 J6A-E J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E
JY J6 J6A-E J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E
JK J6 J6A-E J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E
Important:TS1160 is not compatible with several older 3592 cartridge media types: JA,
JB, JW, JJ, JR, and JX media types J3, J2, and J1 (MEDIA5, MEDIA6, MEDIA7,
MEDIA8, MEDIA9, and MEDIA10).

򐂰 These drives improve capacity and performance by writing and reading J6 logical format
by using a new longer 32-channel C2 ECC code and iterative decoding format with a
higher linear density on the same media types.
򐂰 The appropriate microcode levels that are available for TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and
TS1140 and must be installed that enable the recognition of the J6 format and allow reuse
of the media in the older formats. Therefore, a model J6A rive can reformat media that was
written in the older format, and write on it in the appropriate format.
Important: This design supports a common scratch pool by media type, regardless of
the last written format or allocation target drive.
3.5.4 Capacity and performance

Capacity and performance were improved from the TS1160 tape drive for all media types,
and for all formats that the drives reads or writes. This improvement requires the TS1160 to
format the tape or write from BOT.
Capacity improvement
The use of the 3592-60E and 60F logical format offers the following capacity improvements
on existing and new cartridges:
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Data media (JV and JE), which is a capacity of 20 TB
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Data media (JZ and JD), which is a capacity of 15 TB
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Data media (JC and JY), which is a capacity of 7TB
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Economy Data media (JM), which is a capacity of 5 TB
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Economy Data media (JZ), which is a capacity of 3 TB
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Economy Data media (JK), which is a capacity of 900 GB
Performance
The overall performance is improved over the previous model by various improvements:
򐂰 Increases HIB transfer rate to 1200 MBps
򐂰 Beginning of partition (BOP) caching
򐂰 Humidity sensor support
򐂰 Increased cartridge memory size and related functions
򐂰 Improved high-resolution tape directory (HRTD)
򐂰 New dataflow ASIC chip in CU-32 technology
򐂰 Extended copy support

The following format data rates are available (at 256K and greater block size):
򐂰 The 60E and 60F format data rates go up to 400 MBps maximum native, and to 900 MBps
maximum compressed.

Table 3-7 lists the capacity and performance characteristics for uncompressed data.
Table 3-7 Capacity and performance summary

Media 60E or 60F format 55E or 55F format EH8 format capacity
capacity native data rate capacity native data rate data native rate
(minimum - maximum) (minimum - maximum) (minimum - maximum)
JE or JV 20 TB (18.12 TiB) N/A N/A

122 MBps - 407 MBps
JC or JY 7 TB (6.37 TiB) 7 TB (6.37 TiB) 7 TB (6.37 TiB)

JD or JZ 15 TB (13.64 TiB) 15 TB (13.64 TiB) 10 TB (9.1 TiB)

JM 5 TB (4.55 TiB) N/A N/A

122 MBps - 407 MBps
JL 3 TB (2.73 TiB) 3 TB (2.73 TiB) 2 TB (1.82 TiB)

JK 900 GB (.82 TiB) 900 GB (.82 TiB) 900 GB (.82 TiB)

Improved latency
These tape drives adds features to improve latency by reducing access time to data:
򐂰 Improved locate and rewind speed profile for the new media types by using 12.4 meters
(13.5 yards) per second (mps) end-to-end versus 12.4 mps profiled (JE, JD, JV, JZ, JM,
and JL media only):
– JE, JD, JZ, JM, and JL media feature a redesigned brake button for higher reliability,
longer life, and higher locate speeds.
– The improved profile represents a 9% speed improvement for a rewind/locate
operation from EOT to BOT versus the previous profile, which partially compensates
for the longer tape length of the new media types.
򐂰 Load and thread times are reduced by approximately 33% from 15 seconds load/ready to
10 seconds load/ready. This reduction applies to JC, JD, and JE media types.
This improvement is possible by operating the motors at a higher operating speed for
repeatable read (RR), loader and threader motors.
Compression
The TS1160 drives feature the same history buffer usage in the compression core as the
TS1155. The history buffer is 16 KiB, which enables more efficient compression by increasing
the history over which string matches can be applied. The new method can increase the
nominal compression ratio for the Calgary Corpus data standard from approximately 2.0 to
3.1.
As in previous models, the 3592 tape drive uses the data compression that is known as
Streaming Lossless Data Compression Algorithm (SLDC). This compression method is
identical to the method that was used in previous models, except for the larger history buffer.
SLDC is an implementation of a Lempel-Ziv class 1 (LZ-1) data compression algorithm.

SLDC is an extension to the Adaptive Lossless Data Compression (ALDC) algorithm, which is

used in leading industry tape products. Users of SLDC can expect to achieve the same, or
better, data compression as users of ALDC.
A key difference between SLDC and previous lossless compression algorithms is that record
boundaries and file marks are encoded as control symbols. The encoding of record
boundaries and file marks as control symbols allows the compressed data stream to be
separated into a serial stream of records and file marks by the decompression logic without
requiring more information, such as information from an attached header.
Beginning of partition caching

These drives implement beginning of partition (BOP) caching. In this implementation, after
the initial set of tape blocks in a partition is read by the read-ahead function or a specific
command, the initial set of tape blocks remains in a special place in the cache data buffer
(until an unmount or a partition change). Subsequent locate operations to BOP or read
operations of these blocks complete quickly, without requiring completion of physical motion.
BOP caching is supported in all partition modes.
This feature is automatic, cannot be disabled, and uses approximately 6 MB space (one data
set) in the main data buffer.
Humidity sensor
The drives contains a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor. The humidity sensor
provides the following functions:
򐂰 Humidity tracing in drive logs
The drive logs humidity data in the tape map during read and write.
򐂰 Maximum humidity logging in cartridge memory
The maximum humidity that is sensed during a cartridge mount is loaded in the cartridge
memory.
򐂰 Humidity data is externalized in log pages and, like temperature data, humidity data can
now be read through standardized SCSI Log pages by an initiator. However,
environmental thresholds cannot be set.
Improved high-resolution tape directory

The TS1160 drive provides a higher-granularity directory to improve the accuracy of tape
locate operations for the new JE, JV, and JM media types. The granularity of wrap entries is
unchanged from JD media. High-resolution tape directory (HRTD) resolution for JC media
types also is unchanged. HRTD directories are maintained separately for partitions.
They maintain a tape directory structure with a high granularity of information about the
physical position of data blocks and file marks on the media. The longitudinal position (LPOS)
longitudinal location information that is contained in the servo pattern is associated with and
recorded with the host block information in the HRTD. This feature allows the 3592 to have
fast and consistent nominal and average access times for locate operations.
Therefore, locate times are uniform and based on the position of the block or file mark on the
tape independently of the uniformity of the block size or file mark distribution along the length
of the tape.

The HRTD feature maintains an overall granularity of 64 directory entries per logical wrap:
򐂰 JA media 570 meters (623.36 yards) logical wrap results in a granularity of 8.9 meters
(29.1 feet).
򐂰 JB media 775 meters (847.55 yards) logical wrap results in a granularity of 12.1 meters
(39.6 feet).
򐂰 JC media 842 meters (920.8 yards) logical wrap results in a granularity of 13.2 meters
(43.3 feet).
򐂰 JD media 1032 meters (1128.6 yards) logical wrap results in a granularity of 8.06 meters
(26.4 feet). Granularity is improved for the segmented or scaled formats with shorter
logical wraps.
򐂰 JE media 1088 meters (1190 yards) logical wrap results in a granularity of 8.06 meters
(26.4 feet). Granularity is improved For the segmented or scaled formats with shorter
logical wraps.
The 3592 drive has many redundancy and recovery features that prevent the possibility of
data loss in the loss of a directory and allow a rebuild of the directory under all circumstances:
򐂰 The HRTD table consists of information for each logical wrap. Each wrap area contains up
to 64 entries. Each entry contains the LPOS, logical block, and file mark count information
with access point and other internal information of interest.
򐂰 The entire HRTD table is stored in the housekeeping data set on tape. The entire HRTD
structure is also written in the end-of-data (EOD) data set for the tape if the tape has a
valid EOD. The HRTD entries are also distributed in accumulating sequential fashion into
the Data Set Information Table of all user data sets as they are written on tape. Control
structures, which define the validity of the HRTD and EOD information on the tape, are in
the cartridge memory.
򐂰 If a valid HRTD cannot be recovered from the housekeeping data set, the HRTD might be
rebuilt by using the EOD or distributed copies of HRTD information. The HRTD can also
be rebuilt by reading the tape. Depending on the mechanism that must be used to rebuild
the HRTD, this rebuild can occur quickly (seconds if the EOD copy can be used) or take
longer (minutes if a full rebuild is required).
򐂰 The drive can read all data from a cartridge without any HRTD information, although
locate times might be affected. However, the drive does not allow a write operation without
a valid HRTD to guarantee the integrity and validity of the information on tape.
Main data buffer

These drives feature the same 2 GB main data buffer as TS1155, which is twice the size of
the 1 GB main buffer in the TS1140 drive. The extra buffer is used to improve overall
performance, reduce backhitches, improve speed matching performance, and support BOP
caching and other improvements.
External copy support

These drives support the external copy function, which offers the following advantages:
򐂰 The capability is similar to serverless copy in that it allows data to be copied from one
drive to another drive with no transfer through the host at high data rates.
򐂰 Data can be an entire volume or a group of logical blocks.
򐂰 The hosting drive (TS1160 or any drive that supports the feature) can pull or push data to
a second drive of any type (vendor-neutral and does not require feature support).
򐂰 The function works in a SAN environment, and it is supported on true switches
(non-hubs).

SkipSync or Same Wrap Backhitchless Flush mode feature
As with previous models, these drives implement a feature that is known as same wrap
backhitchless flush mode (SWBF mode), which is also called the SkipSync feature. This
feature is similar to previous models, plus the following enhancements:
򐂰 In default mode, SkipSync is enabled to use up to 1.5% capacity loss and uses spare
capacity, so client capacity is not affected in the nominal Constant Capacity LEOT mode.
򐂰 SkipSync can be programmed through Mode page 0x30 to allow up to 33% capacity loss,
which essentially enables SkipSync for all transactions.
򐂰 The performance (throughput) improves for operations or transaction sizes that use
SkipSync because of the increased nominal data rates of the TS1160.
How SkipSync operates

When a sync command (WFM 0) or a Write File Mark (WFM) non-immediate command is
received after a block or series of data blocks (referred to here as a transaction), the TS1160
drive does not perform a backhitch immediately after the synchronization or WFM completes.
Instead, it continues to stream on the same wrap and write a Data Set Separator (DSS)
pattern until enough data is received to record additional data sets. SkipSync results in a
significant performance improvement due to backhitch avoidance but a reduction in the
overall available capacity on the volume.
In default mode, SWBF mode (SkipSync) is entered after a flush is received under the
following conditions:
򐂰 The received transaction size is greater than 204 MB compressed.
򐂰 The drive is not already in Recursive Accumulating Backhitchless Flush (RABF) mode.
򐂰 Enough excess capacity remains based on the current LPOS so that the drive predicts
that it will still achieve the minimum capacity threshold that is selected. The minimum
capacity threshold is 1.5% for the TS1160 default mode.
Dynamic speed matching support

The TS1155 and TS1150 drives continues to perform dynamic speed matching to minimize
backhitches when it operates from a host that cannot sustain the maximum data rate. The
drive performs dynamic speed matching automatically to adjust the native data rate of the
drive as closely as possible to the net host data rate (after data compressibility is factored
out).
The following data rate ranges depend on the logical format and the media type that are
used:
򐂰 Twelve speeds from 122 MBps to407 MBps for 3592 JE, JV, and JM cartridges that are
initialized in J6 format
򐂰 Twelve speeds from 112 MBps to 365 MBps for 3592 JD, JZ, and JL cartridges that are
initialized in J5 and J5A format
򐂰 Twelve speeds from 99 MBps to 303 MBps for 3592 JC, JY, or JK cartridges that are
initialized in J5 format
򐂰 Twelve speeds from 62 MBps to 252 MBps for 3592 JC or JY cartridges that are initialized
in J4 format

Throughput is increased through speed matching as the drive performs the following
functions:
򐂰 Adjusts tape speed based on host data rate
򐂰 Calculates effective host data rate (EHDR)
򐂰 Optimizes data rate by selecting optimal EHDR
򐂰 Forces speed changes mid-wrap if it is advantageous
򐂰 Minimizes time to record data
Virtual backhitch
These drives include the following key feature improvements:
򐂰 Virtual backhitch (transaction write with sync)
򐂰 Single wrap backhitchless flush (large transaction writes with sync)
򐂰 Backhitchless backspacing (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] file writes)
The TS1160 function utilizes Recursive Accumulating Backhitchless Flush (RABF) and the
addition of a new same wrap backhitchless flush (SWBF) function that extends virtual
backhitch effectiveness for large files.
Fast sync and skip performance for these tape drive are enhanced because of the better data
rate performance over the TS1140.
For more information about these features, see “Virtual backhitch (nonvolatile caching)” on
page 103.
Read ahead feature

On sequential reads, the tape drive automatically runs read ahead and fills the buffer with
data sequentially beyond the target block.
These drives support advanced automatic read-ahead and read-space virtualization at

improved access performance and 2x data buffer size. When the drive processes a command
to locate or read a block, the drive automatically continues to stream down the tape and to
read ahead until the data buffer is full. This feature allows subsequent Locate or Read
commands to be fulfilled from the data buffer at faster speeds, rather than requiring access to
the tape.
With this unique function, the drive outperforms competitive drives, which stop and wait for
the next command.
Performance scaling and segmentation

This section summarizes the TS1160 tape drive models capacity scaling support. The drives
also support capacity scaling only on full-length read/write media type.
Format support
The TS1160 drive models support capacity scaling only on the JC, JE, and JD full length
read/write media type as follows:
򐂰 For J6/J6E scaled format on JE type media
򐂰 Segmented formats are not supported on JE media
򐂰 For J5/J5E and J5A/J5AE scaled format on JD type media and for J5/J5E
Segmented formats are supported:

򐂰 Full cartridge ABF capability is supported on any scaled cartridge.

򐂰 JD and JC media is up-formatted at the same time the scaling operation is performed,
unless the format is controlled through explicit means.
򐂰 For JD and JC media, the scaling value is retained and the scaled capacity is uplifted to
the capacity ratio of the new format when a scaled cartridge is up-formatted.
Partitioning support
The following partitioning is supported:
򐂰 Scaling is supported on single partition cartridges only.
򐂰 Issuing a Format Medium command to attempt to partition a scaled cartridge results in the
rejection of the command.
򐂰 Scaling a partitioned cartridge results in resetting the cartridge to a scaled, single partition
format.
The effect of capacity scaling is to contain data in a specified fraction of the tape, which yields
faster locate and read times. Alternatively, economy tapes can be purchased.
Performance scaling limits the data that is written to the first 20% of the cartridge. When the
performance segmentation option is used, the overall capacity of the cartridge is limited to
86.6% of the total capacity.
The fast access segment occupies the first 20% of the cartridge, followed by the slower
access segment. Medium capacity is calculated as a fraction of nominal maximum capacity.
Scaled medium capacity is approximately equal to the nominal unscaled medium capacity
times this value divided by 256.
Segmentation is available only within a specified range of capacity scaling settings that
achieve this faster performance.
Note: On a TS1160 when a scaling operation is requested on a JD type cartridge, the

media is up-formatted to the J6 logical format at the same time the scaling operation is
performed (unless the format is controlled through specific means).
On a TS1160 when a scaling operation is requested on a JC type cartridge, the media is

reformatted to the J6 logical format at the same time that the scaling operation is
performed (unless the format is controlled through specific means).
Cartridges that are performance-scaled or performance-segmented can be reused

(reformatted) to their full capacity, to the performance-scaled capacity, or to the performance
segmentation format as indicated through the assigned data class.
Important: Capacity scaling is not supported for economy or WORM tapes.
For more information about the capacity scaling limitations and set up instructions, see
IBM Tape Device Drivers Installation and User’s Guide, GC27-2130.

3.5.5 Access performance specifications and drive characteristics
Table 3-8 lists the access performance and drive characteristics of the 3592-55E, 3592-55F,
3592-EH8, and 3592-EH7. For better performance, the block size of the data should be at
least 256 K.
Table 3-8 Access performance specifications and drive characteristics

Parameter 3592-60E and 60F 3592-EH8, 55E and 55F
Tape speed, locate/rewind 12.4 mps 12.4 mps
Drive load/ready time 12 seconds (s) 12 seconds (s)
Block locate time from load 45 s for JE and JV 40 s for JC and JY

point average 13 s 20% scaled JE 45 s for JD and JZ
40 s for JC and JY 11 s for JK
45 s for JD and JZ 13 s for JL
11 s for JK 12 s 20% scaled JC
13 s for JL 13 s 20% scaled JD
12 s 20% scaled JC
13 s 20% scaled JD
Time to first data average 55 s for JE and JV 50 s for JC and JY

(load/ready + locate) 23 s 20% scaled JE 55 s for JD and JZ
50 s for JC and JY 22 s for JK
55 s for JD and JZ 23 s for JL
22 s for JK 23 s 20% scaled JC
23 s for JL 23 s 20% scaled JD
23 s 20% scaled JC
23 s 20% scaled JD
Unload time 36 s for JD, JZ, JL, JC, JY, and 36 s for JD, JZ, JL, JC, JY, and
JK JK
Maximum rewind time 94 s 100% scales JE, and JV 76 s 100% scaled JC and JY
34 s 20% scaled JE, and JV 26 s 20% scaled JC
76 s 100% scaled JC and JY 18 s JK
26 s 20% scaled JC 94 s 100% scaled JD and JZ
18 s JK 34 s 20% scaled JD and JZ
94 s 100% scaled JD and JZ 34 s JL
34 s 20% scaled JD and JZ
34 s JL
Native data rate 400 MBps 360 MBps
Device data rate: Maximum that 900 MBps 700 MBps

is sustained with maximally 600 Mbps for 3592-55E
compressible data
Interface burst transfer rate: 1600 MBps (FC-16) 800 MBps (FC-8)
Maximum
Number of tracks J6 format, 8704 JE, JV, and JM J5A format, 7680 JD
J6A format, 7680 JD J5 format, 5120 JD, JZ, and JL
J6 format, 5120 JD, JZ, and JL J5 format, 4608 JC, JK, and JY
J6 format, 4608 JC, JK, and JY
Number of passes (from BOT to J6 format, 272 JE, JV, and JM J5A format 249 JD
EOT) J6A format 240 JD J5 format 160 JD, JZ, and JL
J6 format 160 JD, JZ, and JL J5 format 144 JC, JK, and JY
J6 format 144 JC, JK, and JY

Parameter 3592-60E and 60F 3592-EH8, 55E and 55F
Linear density 555 kilo bits per inch (Kbpi) 510 kilo bits per inch (Kbpi)
Servo regions 5 5
Data tracks recorded 32 32

simultaneously
Buffer size 2 GB 2 GB
3.5.6 Emulation
The TS1160, TS1155, and TS1150 support drive emulation, but not emulation mode.
Emulation mode
Because the drive cannot write the TS1130, TS1120, or J1A logical format, it cannot fully
emulate all format behaviors of a previous model 3592 drive.
Drive emulation
The TS1160 can read and write in J5A and J5 format with compatible IBM 3592 tape
cartridges.
The TS1160 tape drive can reformat any compatible J5 tape when it is writing from BOT and
the TS1160 can reformat any J5 format tape. Table 3-9 lists the available modes for TS1150
and TS155.
Table 3-9 Drive emulation for TS1160

Drive mode Formats read Format that is Format that is Model type that is
setting used when the used when the reported to host in
writing cartridge writing cartridge is response to the
is at BOT not at BOT Inquiry command
EH8 J4 J5 J5 if format at J5 E08

J5 format J5 J4 if format at J4
55E and 55F J5 J5A J5A if format at J5A 55E or 55F

J5A format J5A J5 if format at J5
60E and 60F J5A J6 J6 if format at J6 60E or 60F

J6 format J5 J5A if format at J5A
J6 J5 if format at J5
The TS1150 and TS1155 can reformat a compatible tape written in J6 format, but cannot
read in this format.
3.5.7 IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS support

TS1160 tape drives is compatible with the IBM Spectrum Archive software application and the
underlying IBM LTFS. LTFS uses media partitioning functionality. LTFS provides a standard
tape cartridge format at low cost, which can be used without other database applications.
LTFS presents tape media as though it were a disk file system. IBM Spectrum Archive
supports the IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5, and IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140
tape drives.

Tape as a storage medium offers many benefits. Tape is reliable, portable, low-cost,
low-power, and high-capacity. However, tape is not particularly easy to use. It has no standard
format, and data often cannot be used unless the data is copied to disk first.
With IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS, accessing data that is stored on an IBM tape cartridge
became as intuitive as the use of a USB flash drive. With IBM Spectrum Archive, reading data
on a tape cartridge is as easy as dropping a file. Users can run any application that is
designed for disk files against tape data without concern that the data is physically stored on
tape.
LTFS implements a true file system for tape. IBM Spectrum Archive also supports library
automation, including the ability to find data on a tape in a library without mounting and
searching tape volumes.
IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition (LE) supports IBM tape automation and the single drive
edition IBM Linear Tape File System. With IBM Spectrum Archive LE, you can create a single
file system mount point for a logical library that is managed by a single instance of the
software, which is running on a single server. In addition, it provides for caching of tape
indexes, and for searching, querying, and displaying tapes’ contents within an IBM tape
library without the requirement to mount tape cartridges.
The TS1160 provides the same LTFS support as the TS1150, but with increased capacity
and performance. LTFS is provided with the following features:
򐂰 Ability to configure up to four partitions
򐂰 Wrap-wise partitioning only
򐂰 Support on all non-WORM media formats
򐂰 Format command support
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS, see 1.5, “IBM Spectrum
Archive” on page 28.
3.5.8 Data safe mode

The TS1160 supports data safe mode. This mode is controlled by the application and
prevents inadvertent overwrite. Data safe mode treats the tape volume that is mounted
as a WORM drive and prevents inadvertent overwrite. This mode is set by the application or
host system.
3.5.9 Upgrade considerations

A drive-field Miscellaneous Equipment Specification (MES)conversion feature is available for
a 3592-EH7 model to 3592-EH8 model conversion to a TS1150.
Important: If you choose this MES to replace the TS1140 drive, only the drive changes.
The canister remains the same. The serial number of the original drive is written by the
library to the vital product data (VPD) of the replacement drive. The MES is valid for the
TS4500 tape library and a rack-mounted drive.
TS1160 Field MES support

The following drive MES conversions are supported:
򐂰 3592 EH8 drive > 3592 60F model upgrade
򐂰 3592 55F drive > 3592 60F model upgrade
򐂰 3592 60G drive > 3592 60F model upgrade

򐂰 3592 55G drive > 3592 60G model upgrade
򐂰 3592 E08 drive > 3592 60G model conversion
3.5.10 Firmware updates

No changes were made to the firmware update mechanisms for the TS1160 as compared to
previous TS1100 tape drives. Consider the following points:
򐂰 The TS1160 continues to support concurrent Licensed Internal Code (LIC) load with
deferred activation.
򐂰 The TS1160 has a single LIC image that is unique from previous models.
Unique LIC is required for the model 60E drives because the LOAD ID differs from the LOAD
ID that is required for previous versions of 3592. The firmware for the 3592 60E drive can be
updated by using one of the following methods, depending on where the drive is installed:
򐂰 Through the library management GUI.
򐂰 Through the host attachment by using the write buffer command or IBM TotalStorage™
Tape Diagnostic Tool (ITDT), which is the preferred method.
3.5.11 RAS
The RAS features are improved or maintained relative to the TS1155. They are similar to their
predecessor models, the TS1160 is a single FRU, which are hot-pluggable without a
maintenance window and support nondisruptive code loading. As with the TS1140, fan speed
management and unique device microcode file management are available through a LOAD
ID.
The end of life usage alert for media activates on full-file pass usage. The Nearing Media Life
alert occurs at 19,900 mounts or 295 full-file passes. The Media Life alert for JD or JL media
use within a TS1150 drive is now rated for 20 M motion meters as opposed to 300 Full-File
Passes (FFPs).
3.5.12 Improved media Statistical Analysis and Reporting System

The TS1160 supports Statistical Analysis and Reporting System (SARS) in a similar manner
to previous drive models.
The tape drive uses SARS to help isolate failures between media and hardware. SARS uses
the cartridge performance history, which is saved in the cartridge memory (CM) module. It
also uses the drive performance history, which is kept in the drive flash electrically erasable
programmable read only memory (EEPROM) to determine the likely cause of failure. SARS
can cause the drive to request a cleaning tape to mark the media as degraded, and indicate
that the hardware is degraded.
SARS information is reported through the TapeAlert flags and through media information
messages (MIMs) or service information messages (SIMs).
The 3592 drive maintains a history of the last 100 mounts for Volume Statistical Analysis and
Reporting System (VSARS) and Hardware Statistical Analysis and Reporting System
(HSARS).
Note: Media SARS information is preserved when media is reformatted.

The TS1150 implements an enhanced SARS function that is known as client-centric SARS
(ccSARS). This function improves the overall amount of information that is maintained, and
the presentation means to the client with the automation system.
The media SARS function for the drives includes the following actions:
򐂰 Tape alerts are generated when media passes usage life, as determined by full-file
passes, meters of tape that were processed, or the write pass count, and the total number
of mounts (which was supported).
򐂰 A media SARS summary is maintained in the cartridge memory in a manner where it can
be rebuilt on tape if the SARS records on tape cannot be read and must be reinitialized.
This cartridge memory copy is also readable on an earlier level TS1140 drive to preserve
SARS information between logical format conversions.
3.5.13 Encryption
The TS1160 tape drives is encryption-capable. Like the previous models, you do not need to
enable the drive specifically.
Encryption support includes the following enhancements:

򐂰 LME, AME, and SME (for TS7700).
򐂰 T10 default method support.
򐂰 Continued encrypted data key (EEDK) wrapped key support in LME and SME.
򐂰 Enhanced protocol support for Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), which can be configured
for security, and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 2 historical mode (as used by IBM
Spectrum Protect), T10 default method, Security Protocol IN (SPIN), and Security
Protocol OUT (SPOUT).
򐂰 Enhanced drive cryptographic upgrades to change the default authentication means from
Secure Hash Algorithm-1 (SHA-1) to SHA-2 when you use IBM Security Key Lifecycle
Manager.
T10 standards-based encryption control on a logical block basis (not tied to format identifier)
and writes encrypted data and clear data to the same tape cartridge.
3.6 IBM TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive

The IBM TS1155 tape drive (which is also referred to as the 3592 Model 55E, 55F, or 55G) is
an enhanced fifth generation tape drive of the IBM 3592 tape family. The TS1155 tape drive
provides higher levels of cartridge capacity than the TS1150 Model E08 (EH8). It is designed
to provide an increased capacity of 50% on JD media types compared with its predecessors.
The primary difference of the TS1155 (55E, 55F, and 55G) from the base TS1150 drive (E08,
EH8) is that the capacity is increased 50% on JD media types. In addition, for the TS1155,
model 55E Ethernet host attachment (RoCE v2) ports have been added.
The TS1155 model 55F and 55G tape drive has a dual-port 8-Gbps Fibre Channel interface
for Fibre Channel attachment to host systems, or a switched fabric environment.
The TS155 model 55E tape drive has a dual ported 10 Gb Ethernet port for host attachment
that is optimized for cloud-based and large, open-compute environments.

The TS1155 Tape drive is capable of reading and writing 15 TB capacity on existing JD media
types (JD/JZ/JL), compared to 10 TB for TS1150. The TS1155 tape drive supports JC 4 TB
format (read only) and JC 7 TB format (R/W). Media written in TS1155 format is not readable
by TS1150, but is back-portable for reformatting to TS1150 format of 10 TB.
The TS1155 Tape drive is not compatible with IBM TS7700 or Enterprise Tape Control Unit
environments.
The IBM TS1150 tape drive (which is also referred to as the 3592 Model EH8) is the fifth tape
drive generation of the IBM 3592 tape family. The TS1150 tape drive provides higher levels of
performance, reliability, and cartridge capacity than the TS1140 Model EH7 tape drive.
Note: The TS1150 model EH8 is functionally the same as the TS1150 model E08, but
packaged for integration into a TS4500. Fore more information about these models, see
IBM TS4500 R6 Tape Library Guide, SG24-8235. This section describes 3592 E08 models
only.
The TS1155 and TS1150 use the new Tunnel Magnetoresistive (TMR) head technology. The
initial generation of the TS1150 used a Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) head design. Both use
high-technology, 3-module, 32-channel head technology for higher native data rate
performance. The TS1155 and TS1150 provide a native data rate performance of up to
360 MBps versus the 250 MBps data rate of the TS1140 tape drive Model EH7.
The TS1155 55F and 55G, and TS1150 E08 tape drives have dual-port 8-Gbps Fibre
Channel interface for Fibre Channel attachment to host systems, or to a switched fabric
environment.
The TS1155 and TS 1150 record in two native recording formats that support encryption and
nonencryption:
򐂰 J5A logical format is used to represent the non-encrypted recording format, and J5A-E is
used to denote the encrypted recording format for TS1155.
򐂰 J5 logical format is used to represent the non-encrypted recording format, and J5-E is
used to denote the encrypted recording format for TS1150.
The TS1155 is downward read only compatible to TS1140 format (J4 and J4-E) on supported
cartridges, and the TS1150 is downward read/write compatible to the TS1140 formats.
Note: The TS1155 and TS1150 cannot read or write any format from J3, J3-E, or earlier.
Host interfaces to open systems platforms are maintained as with previous 3592 models.

The TS1150 support integration into the TS3500 or TS4500 tape libraries, and as stand-alone
rack mounted. Figure 3-12 shows the IBM TS1155 tape drive. The TS1155 is supported on
the TS4500 and TS3500, and as rack mounted.
Figure 3-12 TS1155 tape drive
This tape drive maintains the same features and technology enhancements that were
introduced with the TS1120 and extended by the TS1130 and the TS1140. In addition, the
TS1155 and TS 1150 offer several enhancements over the predecessor models, which are
described next.
The TS1155 and TS1150 has the following key features, including those that were introduced
with the 3592-J1A, TS1120, TS1130, and TS1140:
򐂰 Recursive accumulating backhitch-less flush or non-volatile caching (NVC)
򐂰 Virtual backhitch
򐂰 Read Ahead
򐂰 SLDC compression
򐂰 Single FRU
򐂰 SARS
򐂰 Revised Encryption Support
򐂰 Added Partitioning Support
򐂰 Data Safe mode
򐂰 Dual, 8 Gb FC attachment with failover support
򐂰 Dual port, 10 Gb Ethernet ports for TS1155 55E
򐂰 Partitioning that is supported by LTFS
򐂰 Max Capacity mode logical end-of-tape (LEOT) support allowing up to 4% more capacity

The TS1150 and TS1155 is supported for attachment in the TS3500 or TS4500 tape libraries
or as rack mounted. Table 3-10 lists the attachment configurations that are allowed for
TS1150.
Environment Number of TS1150 tape drives
TS3500 Up to 12a per frame
TS4500 Up to 16 per frame

a. There are prerequisites for installing TS1150 and TS1155 into a TS3500. The TS3500
must have enhanced node cards installed. The TS3500 must have the latest version of
Firmware level installed, TS4500 supports both TS1155 and TS1150. Consult with IBM
support to ensure compatible code is installed for the drive type to be installed.
3.6.2 Media
The TS1155 and TS1150 use the following enhanced Barium Ferrite (BaFe)
second-generation particle media types. The new media can be read/written at up to a
360 MBps native sustained data rate (up to 700 MBps at 3:1 compression ratio) in the new
32-channel Jag-5A, J5A-E, J5, and J5-E logical format. The media for 3592 can have these
formats:
򐂰 3592 model J1A read/write format J1 and for encrypted format is J1-E. (EFMT1)
򐂰 3592 model E05 read/write format J2 and for encrypted format is J2-E(EFMT2 or EEFMT2)
򐂰 3592 model E06 read/write format J3 and for encrypted format is J3-E (EFMT3 or EEFMT3)
򐂰 3592 model E07 and EH7 read/write format J4 and for encrypted format is J4-E (EFMT4 or
EEFMT4)
򐂰 3592 model E08 and EH8 read/write format J5 and for encrypted format is J5-E (EFMT5 or
EEFMT5)
򐂰 3592 model 55E, 55F, and 55G read/write format J5A and for encrypted format is J5A-E
Table 3-11 lists the compatibility table for TS1155 and TS1150 drives.
Table 3-11 Media type and read/write format compatibility

Media type TS1155 TS1150
Logical Format read/write Logical Format read/write z/OS Media Type
JD J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E J5 J5-E Media 14
JZ J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E J5 J5-E Media 15
JL J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E J5 J5-E Media 16
JC J5A J5A -E J5 J5-E J5 J5-E J4 J4-E Media 11
JY J5A J5A -E J5 J5-E J5 J5-E J4 J4-E Media 12
JK J5A J5A-E J5 J5-E J5 J5-E J4 J4-E Media 13

Consider the following points regarding these drives:
Important: The TS1155 and TS1150 are not compatible with several older 3592
cartridge media types: JA, JB, JW, JJ, JR, and JX media types J3, J2, and J1 (MEDIA5,
MEDIA6, MEDIA7, MEDIA8, MEDIA9, and MEDIA10).
򐂰 These drives improve capacity and performance by writing and reading J5 and J5A logical
format, by using a new 32-channel enhanced ECC recording format with a higher track
density and higher linear density on the same media types.
򐂰 The appropriate microcode levels that are available for TS1150 and TS1140. They must
be installed to enable the recognition of the J5A and J5 format and allow reuse of the
media in the older formats. Therefore, a model J5A drive can reformat media that was
written in the older format and write on it in the appropriate format.
Important: This design supports a common scratch pool by media type regardless of

Capacity and performance were improved from the IBM TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive for all
media types and for all formats that the TS1155 and TS1150 reads or writes.
The use of the TS1155 logical format offers the following capacity improvements on existing
and new cartridges:
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Data media (JC and JY), which is a capacity of 7 TB
The use of the 3592-EH8 logical format offers the following capacity on existing and new
cartridges:
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Data media (JC and JY), which is a capacity of 7 TB
Using the IBM Enterprise Advanced WORM with data media (JY or JC), a 75% capacity uplift
4 - 7 TB is achieved.
The overall performance is increased over previous model by various improvements, as
shown in the following examples:
򐂰 Improved Data Compression
򐂰 Beginning of Partition (BOP) Caching
򐂰 Humidity Sensor support
򐂰 Increased Cartridge Memory size and related functions

򐂰 Improved high resolution tape directory (HRTD)
򐂰 Larger Main Data Buffer
򐂰 Extended Copy support

The following format data rates are available (at 256 K and greater block size):
򐂰 The 55E format data rates go up to 360 MBps maximum native and to 600 MBps
maximum compressed.
򐂰 The EH8 55G and 55F format data rates go up to 360 MBps maximum native and to
700 MBps maximum compressed.
򐂰 The EH7 format data rates go up to 250 MBps maximum native and to 700 MBps
maximum compressed.

Media E08 format capacity data rate E07 format capacity data rate
(minimum-maximum) (minimum-maximum)
JC or JY 7 TB 7 TB
99 MBps - 303 MBps 99 MBps - 303 MBps
JD or JZ 15 TB 10 TB
JK 900 GB 900 GB
JL 3 TB 2 TB
Improved latency
These tape drives add features to improve latency by reducing access time to data. These
features can be summarized as follows:
򐂰 Improved locate and rewind speed profile for the new media types by using 12.4 m/s
end-end versus 12.4 m/s profiled (JD, JZ, and JL media only):
– JD, JZ, and JL media feature a redesigned brake button for higher reliability, longer life,
and higher locate speeds.
– The improved profile represents a 9% speed improvement for a rewind/locate
operation from EOT to BOT versus the previous profile, which partially compensates
for the longer tape length of the new media types.
򐂰 Load and thread times are reduced by approximately 33% from 15 seconds load/ready to
10 seconds load/ready. This reduction is applicable to both JC and JD media types.
This improvement is possible by operating the motors at higher operating speed for RR,
loader, and threader motors.
Improved data compression

The TS1155 and TS1150 features a larger history buffer use in the compression core. This
change increases the history buffer 1 - 16 K, which enables more efficient compression by
increasing the history over which string matches can be applied. The new method can
increase the nominal compression ratio for Calgary Corpus data standard from approximately
2.0 to 3.1.

Note: The improved compression method is available only when processing the EH8
logical formats on the new JD, JZ, and JL media, or on unformatted JC, JY, or JK media.
When processing the EH7 format, legacy compression method is used for compatibility.
TS1155 cannot write in EH7 format.
As in previous models, the 3592 tape drive uses the data compression that is known as
streaming lossless data compression (SLDC) algorithm. This compression method is
identical to the method used in previous models except for the larger history buffer. SLDC is
an implementation of a Lempel-Ziv class 1 (LZ-1) data compression algorithms. SLDC is an
extension to the adaptive lossless data compression (ALDC) algorithm, which is used in
leading industry tape products. Users of SLDC can expect to achieve the same, or better,
data compression as users of ALDC.
A key difference between SLDC and previous lossless compression algorithms is that record
boundaries and file marks are encoded as control symbols. The encoding of record
boundaries and file marks as control symbols allows the compressed data stream to be
separated into a serial stream of records and file marks by the decompression logic without
requiring additional information such as from an attached header.
Beginning of Partition Caching

The drives implement BOP Caching. In this implementation, after the initial set of tape blocks
in a partition are read, either by read-ahead function or explicit command, they remain in a
special place in the cache data buffer (until unmount or partition change). Subsequent locate
operations to BOP or read operations of these blocks complete quickly, without requiring
completion of physical motion. BOP Caching is supported in all partition modes.
This feature is automatic, cannot be disabled, and uses approximately 6 MB space (one data
set) in the main data buffer.
Humidity sensor
The drives contain a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor. The humidity sensor
provides the following functions:
򐂰 Humidity tracing in drive logs
The drive logs humidity data in the tape map during read and write.
򐂰 Max humidity logging in cartridge memory
The max humidity sensed during a cartridge mount is loaded in cartridge memory.
򐂰 Humidity data that is externalized in log pages
Like temperature data, humidity data can now be read through SCSI log pages by an
initiator. For more information, see IBM System Storage LTO Tape Drive SCSI Reference
(LTO-5 through LTO-7), GA32-0928:
http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S7003556
Increased cartridge memory size and related functions

The new JD, JZ, and JL media types contain 16 KB cartridge memory (CM), increased from
the 8 KB contained in JC and JB media types. The CM contains a larger medium auxiliary
memory (MAM) area, which is available to the application.

Improved high-resolution tape directory
The TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive provides a higher-granularity directory to improve the
accuracy of tape locate operations for the new JD, JZ, and JL media types. The granularity of
wrap entries is increased from 64/wrap to 128/wrap for the new media types. HRTD
resolution for JC media types is unchanged. HRTD directories are maintained separately for
partitions.
These drives maintain a tape directory structure with a high granularity of information about
the physical position of data blocks and file marks on the media. The LPOS longitudinal
location information that is contained in the servo pattern is associated and recorded with the
host block information in the HRTD. This feature allows the 3592 to have fast and consistent
nominal and average access times for locate operations. Therefore, locate times are uniform
and based on the position of the block or file mark on the tape. They are independent of the
uniformity of the block size or file mark distribution along the length of the tape.
The HRTD feature maintains an overall granularity of 64 directory entries per logical wrap.
For a JA media 570 m logical wrap, this feature results in a granularity of 8.9 meters. For a JB
media 775 m logical wrap, this feature results in a granularity of 12.1 meters. For a JC media
842 m logical wrap, this feature results in a granularity of 13.2 meters. For JD media, the
nominal granularity with 128 entries is 8.06 meters. For the segmented or scaled formats
where there are shorter logical wraps, granularity is improved.
The 3592 drive has many redundancy and recovery features, which prevent the possibility of
data loss if there is a directory loss and allow rebuild of the directory under all circumstances:
򐂰 The HRTD table consists of information for each logical wrap with each wrap area
containing up to 64 entries. Each entry contains LPOS, logical block, and file mark count
information along with access point and other internal information of interest.
򐂰 The entire HRTD table is stored in the housekeeping data set on tape. The entire HRTD
structure is also written in the end-of-data (EOD) data set for the tape if the tape has a
valid EOD. The HRTD entries are also distributed in accumulating sequential fashion into
the Data Set Information Table of all user data sets as they are written on tape. Control
structures are in the cartridge memory that defines the validity of the HRTD and EOD
information about the tape.
򐂰 If a valid HRTD cannot be recovered from the housekeeping data set, the HRTD can be
rebuilt by using the EOD or distributed copies of HRTD information. The HRTD can also
be rebuilt by reading the tape. Depending on the mechanism that must be used to rebuild
the HRTD, this process can occur relatively quickly (in seconds if the EOD copy can be
used) or take longer (minutes if a full rebuild is required).
򐂰 The drive can read all data from a cartridge without any HRTD information, although
locate times can be affected. However, the drive does not allow a write operation without a
valid HRTD to help ensure integrity and validity of the information on tape.
Larger main data buffer

The TS1155 and TS1150 drives feature a 2 GB main data buffer, twice the size of the 1 GB
main buffer in the TS1140 drive. The larger buffer improves overall performance, reduces
back hitches, improves speed matching performance, supports BOP caching, and other
improvements.

Extended copy support
These drives support a new function that is called External Copy, which offers these
advantages:
򐂰 The capability is similar to serverless copy in that it allows data to be copied from one
drive to another drive with no transfer through the host at high data rates.
򐂰 Data can be an entire volume or a group of logical blocks.
򐂰 The hosting drive (TS1155 or any drive that supports the feature) can pull or push data to
a second drive of any type (vendor-neutral and does not require feature support).
򐂰 It works in a SAN environment, supported on true switches (non-hubs).
SkipSync (the Same Wrap Backhitchless Flush feature)

The TS1155 and TS1150, like previous models, implement a feature that is known as Same
Wrap Backhitchless Flush mode (SWBF mode), also called the SkipSync feature. This feature
on the TS1155 and TS1150 is similar to previous models plus the following enhancements:
򐂰 In default mode, SkipSync is enabled to use up to 1.5% capacity loss and uses spare
capacity. Therefore, there is no impact to customer capacity in the nominal Constant
Capacity LEOT mode.
򐂰 SkipSync can be programmed through Mode page 0x30 to allow up to 33% capacity loss,
which essentially enables SkipSync for all transactions.
򐂰 The performance (throughput) improves for operations or transaction sizes by using
SkipSync because of the increased nominal data rates of the TS1155 and TS1150.
How SkipSync operates

When a sync command (WFM 0) or a Write File Mark non-immediate command is received
after a block or series of data blocks (called a transaction), the TS1155 or TS1150 drive does
not perform a backhitch immediately after the synchronization or WFM is completed. Instead,
it continues to stream on the same wrap and write DSS pattern until enough data is received
to begin recording additional data sets. This process results in a significant performance
improvement due to backhitch avoidance, but a reduction in the overall available capacity on
the volume.
In default mode, SWBF mode (SkipSync) is entered after a flush is received under these
conditions:
򐂰 The received transaction size is greater than 204 MB compressed.
򐂰 The drive is not already in Recursive Accumulating Backhitchless Flush (RABF) mode.
򐂰 There is enough remaining excess capacity based on the current logical position that the
drive predicts that it still achieves the Minimum Capacity threshold currently selected. This
threshold is 1.5% for TS1155 and TS1150 default mode.
Dynamic speed matching support

These drives continue to perform dynamic speed matching to minimize backhitches when
operating from a host that cannot sustain the maximum data rate. The drive performs
dynamic speed matching automatically to adjust the native data rate of the drive as closely as
possible to the net host data rate (after data compressibility is factored out).

The data rate ranges depend on the logical format and the media type used:
򐂰 Twelve speeds of 112 - 365 MBps for 3592 JD, JZ, and JL cartridges that are initialized in
J5 and J5A format
򐂰 Twelve speeds of 99 - 303 MBps for 3592 JC, JY, or JK cartridges that are initialized in
J5 format
򐂰 Twelve speeds of 62 - 252 MBps for 3592 JC or JY cartridges that are initialized in
J4 format
functions:
򐂰 Forces speed changes mid-wrap if advantageous
Virtual backhitch
These drives include the following key feature improvements:
򐂰 Backhitchless backspacing (American National Standard file writes)
The TS1155 and TS1150 have improved functions, such as RABF, and the addition of a new
SWBF function that extends virtual backhitch effectiveness for large files.
Fast sync and skip performance for the TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive is enhanced because
of the better data rate performance over the TS1140.
page 103.
Read Ahead feature

On sequential reads, the tape drive automatically runs Read Ahead and fills the buffer with
These drives support advanced automatic read-ahead and read-space virtualization at

improved access performance and 2X data buffer size. When the drive processes a
command to locate or read a block, the drive automatically continues to stream down the tape
and reads ahead until the data buffer is full. This process allows subsequent Locate or Read
commands to be fulfilled from the data buffer at faster speeds, rather than requiring access to
the tape.
With this unique function, the drive outperforms competitive drives, which stop and wait for
the next command.

The support on these drivers for capacity scaling is summarized in this section. They support
capacity scaling only on full-length R/W media type (JD or JC).
Note: When a scaling operation is requested on a JC type cartridge, the media is

reformatted to the J5 logical format at the same time that the scaling operation is
performed unless the format is controlled through explicit means.

Format support
The TS1155 drive models support capacity scaling only on the JD full length R/W media type.
The TS1150 drive writes the EH7 scaled format (JC media only) and the scaled EH8 format
(on JC and JD media). Segmented formats are supported.
EH7 scaled format behavior on JC media is unchanged from the TS1140, and full cartridge
accumulating backhitchless flush (ABF) capability is supported on any scaled cartridge.
When a scaled cartridge is up-formatted (applicable to JC media only), the scaling value is
retained, and the scaled capacity is uplifted to the capacity ratio of the new format.
Partitioning support
Consider the following items for partition support:
򐂰 Scaling is supported only on single-partition cartridges.
򐂰 Issuing a Format Medium command to attempt to partition a scaled cartridge results in the
command being rejected.
򐂰 Scaling a partitioned cartridge results in the cartridge being reset to a scaled,
single-partition format.
The effect of capacity scaling is to contain data in a specified fraction of the tape, which yields
faster locate and read times. Alternatively, economy tapes (the JK or JL media type) can be
purchased.
access segment. Medium Capacity is calculated as a fraction of nominal maximum capacity.
Scaled medium capacity is approximately equal to the nominal unscaled medium capacity
multiplied by this value and divided by 256.

On a TS1155, when a scaling operation is requested on a JD type cartridge, the media are
up-formatted to the J5A logical format at the same time the scaling operation is performed
On a TS1150, when a scaling operation is requested on a JC type cartridge, the media is

reformatted to the J5 logical format at the same time that the scaling operation is performed
Important: Capacity scaling is not supported for economy (JK, JL) or WORM tapes (JY
and JZ).
Tip: Check the IBM Tape Device Drivers Installation and User’s Guide, GC27-2130, for the
capacity scaling limitations and instructions for setup.

Table 3-13 lists the access performance and drive characteristics of the 3592-E08, 3592-E07,
and 3592-E06.

Parameter 3592-E08, 55E, 55F, and 3592-E07 3592-E06
55G Format J4 Format J3
Format J5 or J5A
Tape speed, locate/rewind 12.4 mps 12.4 mps 12.4 mps
Drive load/ready time 12 s 15 s 13 s
Block locate time from load 40 s for JC, JY 37 s for JB, JX 28 s for JA, JW
point average 45 s for JD, JZ 40 s for JC, JY 11 s for JJ, JR
11 s for JK 11 s for JK 37 s for JB, JX
13 s for JL 15 sec 20% scaled JB 11 sec 20% scaled JA
12 sec 20% scaled JC 12 sec 20% scaled JC 15 s for 20% scaled JB
13 sec 20% scaled JD
Time to first data average 50 s for JC, JY 42 s for JB, JX 41 s for JA, JW
(load/ready + locate) 55 s for JD, JZ 55 s for JC, JY 24 s for JJ, JR
22 s for JK 26 s for JK 50 s for JB, JX
23 s for JL 30 s for 20% scaled JB 24 s for 20% scaled JA
23 sec 20% scaled JC 27 s for 20% scaled JC 28 s for 20% scaled JB
23 sec 20% scaled JD
Unload time 36 s for JD, JZ, JL, JC, JY, 24 s for JB, JX 21 s for JA, JW, JR, JJ, JB,
JK 36 s for JC, JY, JK JX
Maximum rewind time 76 sec 100% scaled JC, JY 72 sec 100% scaled JB, JX 55 sec 100% scaled JA, JW
26 sec 20% scaled JC 24 sec 20% scaled JB 18 sec 20% scaled JA
18 sec JK 76 sec 100% scaled JC, JY 18 sec JJ, JR
94 sec 100% scaled JD, JZ 26 sec 20% scaled JC 72 sec 100% scaled JB, JX
34 sec 20% scaled JD, JZ 18 sec JK 24 sec 20% scaled JB
34 sec JL
Native Data Rate 360 Mbps 250 Mbps 163 Mbps
Device data rate, maximum 700 MBps 650 MBps 350 MBps
sustained with maximally 600 MBps for 3592-55E
compressible data
Interface burst transfer 800 MBps (FC-8) 800 MBps (FC-8) 400 MBps (FC-4)
rate, maximum
Number of tracks J5A format, 7680 JD 1792 JB, JX 1152

J5 format, 5120 JD, JZ, JL 2560 JC, JK, JY
J5 format, 4608 JC, JK, JY
Number of passes (from J5A format 249 JD 56 JB, JX 72

BOT to EOT) J5 format 160 JD, JZ, JL 80 JC, JK, JY
J5 format 144 JC, JK, JY
Linear density 510 kbpi 500 kbpi 321 kbpi
Servo regions 5 5 5
Data tracks recorded 32 32 16

simultaneously
Buffer size 2 GB 1 GB 1 GB

3.6.5 Emulation
This topic describes emulation mode and drive emulation regarding the TS1155 and TS1150
tape drive.
Emulation mode
The TS1155 and TS1150 does not support any emulation modes. Because the drive cannot
write the TS1120 or J1A logical format, it cannot fully emulate all format behaviors of a
previous model 3592 drive.
Drive emulation
The TS1155 and the TS1150 tape drive do not support emulation. The TS1155 can read and
write in J5A and J5 format with compatible IBM 3592 tape cartridges. The TS1150 can read
and write in J5 and J4 format with compatible IBM 3592 tape cartridges.
The TS1155 tape drive can reformat any compatible J5 tape when it is writing from BOT and
the TS1150 can reformat any J4 format tape. Table 3-14 lists the available modes for TS1150
and TS155.

Drive mode Formats read Format used Format used when Model type
setting when writing writing cartridge is reported to host in
cartridge is at not at BOT response to an
BOT Inquiry command
EH8 J4 / J4-E J5 / J5-E J5 if format at J5 E08

J5 and J5-E J5 / J5-E J4 if format at J4
format
55E, 55F, and J5A /J5A-E J5A / J5A-E J5A if format at J5A 55E, 55F, or 55G
55G J5 / J5-E J5 if format at J5
J5A and
J5A-E format

Tape as a storage medium has many benefits: It is reliable, portable, low-cost, low-power, and
high-capacity. However, tape is not easy to use because it has no standard format and data
often cannot be used without first copying it to a disk.
The TS1155 and TS1150 provides LTFS support with the following features:
򐂰 Wrap-wise and longitudinal-wise partitioning
򐂰 Supported on all non-WORM TS1150 formats (JC, JK, and JB formats)
򐂰 Each partition can use a separate encryption method, or none

The TS1155 and TS1150 drive supports partitioning in an identical manner to the previous
E07 model, except the capacity of a given partition scales up with the newly supported J5
format:
򐂰 The TS1155 and TS1150drive supports both the wrap-wise and longitudinal partitioning
models and the same number of partitions.
򐂰 The TS1155 and TS1150 drive supports the partitioning of WORM media types (JD and
JY media types) to enable LTFS support on WORM media.
򐂰 As introduced on TS1140, the TS1150 and TS1155 supports a default wrap-wise
partitioning model with minimal capacity loss at the expense of ABF capability within all
partitions at all times.
Partitioning allows a volume to be split into multiple logical partitions, each of which can be
read, navigated, written, erased, appended, updated, and managed as separate logical
entities, with unique logical block sequences.
The primary user of this partitioning capability is the LTFS, which partitions a volume into two
logical partitions: An index partition and a data partition. The TS1155 and TS1150 drive
supports both TS1140 style partitions.
The TS1155 and TS1150 supports additional partitioning enhancements, specifically, both
wrap-wise partitioning and longitudinal partitioning methods.
The following items apply in general to partitioning support on the E08:

򐂰 Partitioning is supported on media in the TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 logical formats.
In the case of JC media reuse, issuing of a Format Medium command performs an implicit
reformat to the TS1150 format if the media is in the TS1140 format.
򐂰 Partitioning is only supported on unscaled, R/W Data, and WORM media types, which
support writing in the TS1150 or TS1140 format.
In the case of scaled media, the Format Medium command is rejected.
Attempts to scale a partitioned media are accepted. As part of scaling, the volume is set to
a single data partition cartridge.
For more information about partitioning behavior, see IBM 3592 SCSI Reference,
GA32-0562:
http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S7003248&aid=1

Wrap-wise partitioning
Figure 3-13 shows wrap-wise partitioning. The following items apply to wrap-wise partitioning
in the TS1155 and TS1150:
򐂰 A maximum of four partitions are supported. Two or three partitions can be assigned if
wanted.
򐂰 A minimum of two wraps are allocated to a partition, regardless of the minimum selected
capacity.
򐂰 The full length of tape (LP3 to LP5) is always assigned to each partition.
򐂰 In general, two physical wraps between partitions are reserved as guard wraps.
Therefore, some percent of usable capacity can be lost, up to 3% per partition boundary.
򐂰 RABF operations are performed in any partition if spare usable ABF wraps exist within a
partition. In general, the last four wraps of a partition, or any partition smaller than four
wraps, does not support RABF operation.
Figure 3-13 Wrap-wise partitioning
Longitudinal partitioning
Figure 3-14 on page 149 shows longitudinal partitioning. The following apply to longitudinal
partitioning in the TS1155 and TS1155:
򐂰 A maximum of four partitions is supported.
򐂰 A minimum of 50 meters is allocated to a longitudinal partition.
򐂰 The physical data wraps on the portion of tape that is assigned to the partition belong
exclusively to each logical partition that is configured. Each partition starts from wrap 0
and ends on the last wrap.
򐂰 A guard gap between partitions is reserved to protect user data against systematic debris
accumulation. The guardband is approximately 7 meters and results in a capacity loss of
less than 1%.
򐂰 RABF is performed within the boundaries of each partition, with the same wrap sequence
as base J5 RABF operation.
򐂰 Performance is slightly poorer due to less total ABF wrap length.
򐂰 Just as in non-partitioned media, the last four wraps’ RABF cannot be used.
򐂰 Better performance is provided for random access because of shortened tape length for
the partition.

Figure 3-14 Longitudinal partitioning

TS1155 and TS1150 supports data safe mode. This mode is controlled by the application and
prevents inadvertent overwrite. Data safe mode treats the tape volume that is mounted as
WORM drive and prevents inadvertent overwrite. This mode is set by the application or host
system.
3.6.8 Enhanced Ethernet support

The 3592 Model 55E, 55F, 55G, and E08 tape drive include an Ethernet port for use by an
IBM Service Support Representative (SSR) for procedures such as updating Licensed
Internal Code, uploading a drive memory dump, or viewing drive status. The Ethernet port on
the TS1155 and TS1150 also can be used by the user for providing the capability to access a
drive’s virtual operator panel and advanced status pages remotely by attaching an Ethernet
cable from the drive to the users’ network.
Important: The Ethernet function is not supported on TS1150 and TS1155 drives in a
Expanded Ethernet port functionality

The Ethernet port is used in the TS1155 and TS1150 Rack mount configuration, when in a
TS3500 tape library configuration the TS3500 tape library management interface (MI) can be
used to manage the TS1155 and TS1150 instead. Figure 3-17 on page 152 shows the
location of the Ethernet port.
3.6.9 TS1155 and TS1150 physical characteristics

The TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive includes an identical form factor and is plug-compatible
with existing 3592 models. It maintains low power and improves power management. The
maximum continuous operating power decreased by 5 watts from the TS1140. The drive
power use is 46 watts maximum operating power, as compared to 51 watts for the TS1140.
Standby power is fewer than 23 watts.
The TS1155 and TS1150 has a standby cooling management feature, which reduces the fan
speed when idle to further reduce power and reduce airborne debris contaminants. The fan
operating mode is controlled by a single input signal that is called full-speed mode or
variable-speed mode. In full-speed mode, the fan or blower runs at full speed. In
variable-speed mode, the blower adjusts its speed based on the ambient temperature down
to a minimum of about 50% of its full speed.

򐂰 3592-EH8 drive code enables variable-speed mode under the following conditions:
temperature limit.
limit.
3592 packaging
As in previous models, the TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive is a drive that is packaged inside
the canister. The canisters are the same and only differ by the unique markings on the front
and rear of the canister that allow the identification of an E08, 55G, or 55F from a previous
version of the drive. The canister enclosure provides mounting, connections, fiducial labels for
calibration, and status LEDs for the use in automation frames.
Figure 3-15 shows the standard TS1150 drive canister for TS3500 and the TS1150 drive
canister for TS4500.
Figure 3-15 TS1150 canister

The front panel of the TS1150, as shown in Figure 3-16, contains all of the operator controls
and display.
Figure 3-16 TS1150 front panel
Table 3-15 lists the front panel of the TS1150 for a TS3500.
Table 3-15 TS 1150 front panel

Reference Item More information
number
1 Reflective fiducial Used by library accessor.

Upper left, C20 Silo.
Lower-left, Quantum Scalar library.
Lower right, 3494.
2 Tape cartridge slot Area where tape cartridge is loaded.
3 Non-reflective fiducial Used by TS3500.
4 Unload button Press to manually unload a tape cartridge.
5 Reset button Press to generate a drive reset.
6 LED power indicator Green LED indicates that power is applied.

Yellow during activities like a Licensed Internal Code
load and reset.
7 Eight-character (message) Information area for operator.

display This display provides FID messages, attention drive
messages, clean messages, and drive status.
The canister is mounted in various forms of mounting hardware for use in different automation
systems. The drive unit is inside the canister. The TS1150 drive has the same physical form
factor as the TS1140, TS1130, TS1120, and 3592-J1A drive. Thus, only the complete
canister can be changed or replaced and not the drive alone.

The 3592-E08, 55E and 55F canisters no longer have an RS-232 serial port. An Ethernet
service port was added to the drive, which is for service, and use by the user. It provides the
capability for users to access advanced drive status pages, and for service personnel to
access a drive virtual operator panel and perform firmware uploads and download drive
memory dumps. It is a single, standard RJ45 connector at the rear of the canister, as shown
in Figure 3-17.
Figure 3-17 TS1150 Ethernet port
Important: This product might not be certified in the country of installation for connection
by any means whatsoever to interfaces of public telecommunications networks. Further
certification might be required by law before making any such connection. Contact IBM for
more information.

The TS1155 and TS1150 features the following significant hardware enhancements over the
previous models:
򐂰 32-channel enhanced ECC recording format.
򐂰 Enhanced JD-type media servo pattern.
򐂰 Flangeless rollers, which are designed to minimize tape edge damage and debris buildup
by elimination of the roller flanges.
򐂰 Tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) head is used on the TS1155 and on new version of the
TS1150, whereas the older generation of TS1150 uses Giant Magneto Resistive (GMR)
Heads. These advanced heads are designed to reduce friction with advanced head
coating to prevent corrosion and to extend head and tape cartridge life.
򐂰 Skew Actuator, which allows dynamic skew adjustment of the head to keep head
perpendicular to tape.
򐂰 Data-dependent, noise-predictive, maximum-likelihood (DD-NPML) detection scheme was
developed at IBM Research, Zurich to enable the accurate detection of data errors.

A drive-field miscellaneous equipment specification (MES)conversion feature is available for a
TS1149 model to TS1150 model conversion and TS1150 to TS1155. If this method is chosen
to replace the TS1140 or TS1150 drive, only the drive changes, the canister remains the
same.
The serial number of the original drive is written by the library to the vital product data (VPD)
of the replacement drive. The MES is valid for both the TS3500 tape library and a
rack-mounted drive.

TS1100 field MES support
The following drive MES conversions are supported:
򐂰 3592 EH8 drive → 3592 55F model conversion
򐂰 3592 E07 drive → 3592 E08 model conversion
򐂰 3592 E07 drive → 3592 EH7 model conversion
򐂰 3592 EH7 drive → 3592 EH8 model conversion
򐂰 3592 E08 drive → 3592 EH8 model conversion
򐂰 3592 E08 drive → 3592 55G model conversion
򐂰 3592 55G drive → 3592 55F model conversion
Note: It is important for a TS1140 drive to have IBM Assembly and Deploy Tools
(IADT)-capable Licensed Internal Code loaded before conversion to the EH8 model.
Without it, communication to the library is not possible. It can be obtained from IBM Fix
Central. Only one MES model upgrade is supported during the life of the drive.

No changes were made to the firmware update mechanisms for the TS1155 and TS1150
compared to TS1140 tape drives:
򐂰 All four mechanisms that are currently supported for Licensed Internal Code updates on
the 3592-E07 also provide support on the E08 and 55E, 55F, and 55G.
򐂰 The TS1155 and TS1150 continues to support concurrent Licensed Internal Code load
with deferred activation.
򐂰 The TS1155 and TS1150 has a single Licensed Internal Code image unique from
previous models. A unique LOAD ID and incremented RU name field is assigned for the
drive.
Unique Licensed Internal Code is required for the model E07 drives because the LOAD ID
differs from the LOAD ID that is required for previous versions of 3592. The firmware for the
3592-55E, 55F, 55G, and E08 drive can be updated by using one of the following methods,
depending on where the drive is installed:
򐂰 Through the host attachment by using the write buffer command
򐂰 Through the Ethernet port on the drive
򐂰 Through the library RS-422 port to the drive canister (not supported on rack mount)
򐂰 By using an FMR cartridge (might not be supported on automation systems)
3.6.12 RAS
The RAS features are improved or maintained relative to the TS1140. Similar to its
predecessor models, the TS1160 is a single FRU, which is hot pluggable without a
maintenance window and supports nondisruptive code loading. As with TS1155, fan speed
management and unique device Licensed Internal Code file management are available
through a LOAD ID. Support also is available for a larger service display.
The end-of-life (EOL) use alert for media becomes activated on full file pass use. The Media
Life alert for JD or JL media use within a TS1160, TS1155 and TS1150 drive is now rated for
150 FFP (Full File Pass) and nearing EOL is set at 130 FFP.

3.6.13 Improved media SARS
The TS1160 supports SARS in a similar manner to previous drive models.
The tape drive uses the Statistical Analysis and Reporting System (SARS) to help isolating
failures between media and hardware. The SARS uses the cartridge performance history that
is saved in the CM module and the drive performance history that is kept in the drive flash
EEPROM to determine the more likely cause of failure. SARS can cause the drive to request
a cleaner tape through use to mark the media as degraded, and to indicate that the hardware
has degraded.
SARS information is reported through the TapeAlert flags, and through MIM or SIM
messages.
The 3592 drive maintains a history of the last 100 mounts for both Volume (VSARS) and
Hardware (HSARS).
Note: Media SARS information is preserved when media is reformatted.
The TS1155 and TS1150 implements an enhanced SARS function that is known as ccSARS
or customer-centric SARS. This function improves the overall amount of information that is
maintained and the presentation means to the customer in concert with the automation
system.
The media SARS function for the drives includes the following items:
򐂰 Tape alerts are generated when media passes use life, as determined by full-file passes,
meters of tape that are processed, or write pass count, and the total number of mounts
(already supported).
This cartridge memory copy is also readable on an earlier level TS1140 drive to preserve
3.6.14 Encryption
The TS1155 and TS1150 tape drive is encryption-capable. Like the TS1140, there is no need
to enable the drive explicitly.
Encryption includes the following enhancements:

򐂰 LME, SME, AME, T10 default method support
򐂰 Continued EEDK wrapped key support in LME, SME
򐂰 Enhanced protocol support for IPP and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition legacy mode (as
used by IBM Spectrum Protect), T10 default method, SPIN, and SPOUT
SHA-1 to SHA-2 when using IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager
򐂰 T10 standards-based encryption control on a logical block basis (not tied to format
identifier), and writes encrypted data and clear data to the same tape cartridge

3.7 IBM TS1140 tape drive
The IBM TS1140 tape drive (which is also referred to as the 3592 Model E07) is the fourth
tape drive generation of the IBM 3592 tape family. The TS1140 tape drive is designed to
provide higher levels of performance, reliability, and cartridge capacity than the TS1130
Model E06 tape drive.
The TS1140 has a high-technology 32-channel Giant Magneto Resistive (GMR) head design,
and provides a native data rate performance of up to 250 MBps versus the 160 MBps data
rate of the TS1130 tape drive Model E06.
The TS1140 E07 tape drive has a dual-port 8-Gbps Fibre Channel interface for Fibre Channel
attachment to host systems, or a switched fabric environment.
The TS1140 records in two recording formats, supporting encryption and nonencryption.
Enterprise Format 4 (EFMT4) is used to represent the non-encrypted recording format, and
Enterprise Encrypted Format 4 (EEFMT4) is used to denote the encrypted recording format.
With these recording formats, the non-compressed capacity of the extended length MEDIA11
and MEDIA12 cartridges is increased from 1 TB to 4 TB.
The 3592 Model E07 is downward read compatible to the 3592 Model E05 and J1A format
(EFMT1/EFMT2) and is downward read/write compatible to the 3592 Model E06 formats
(EFMT3/EEFMT3).
Host interfaces to IBM Z and open systems platforms are maintained. The TS1140 tape drive
is supported for IBM Z by the use of IBM 3592 Model C06 and C07 FICON Tape Controllers,
and the TS7700 Virtualization Engine that uses 8 Gbps dual port fiber cards.
The TS1140 supports integration into the TS3500 tape library, and as stand-alone rack
mounted. Figure 3-18 shows the IBM TS1140 tape drive.
Figure 3-18 TS1140 tape drive
The TS1140 tape drive maintains the same features and technology enhancements that were
introduced with the TS1120 and extended by the TS1130. In addition, the TS1140 offers
several enhancements over the predecessor models, which are described next.

The TS1140 has the following key features, including those that were introduced with the
3592-J1A, 3592-E05, and 3592-E06:
򐂰 Recursive accumulating backhitch-less flush or NVC
򐂰 SLDC compression
򐂰 Single FRU
򐂰 SARS
򐂰 Revised Encryption Support
򐂰 Added Partitioning Support
򐂰 Data Safe mode
򐂰 8 Gbps Fibre Channel (FC) dual port interface

The TS1140 is supported for attachment in the TS3500 tape library or as rack mounted.
Table 3-16 lists the attachment configuration that is allowed for TS1140.
Environment Number of TS1140 3592 drives
3584 L22 and L23 Up to 12a
3584 D22 and D23 Up to 12 per framea

a. There are prerequisites for installing TS1140 into a 3584. 3584 must have enhanced node
cards that are installed. 3584 must have the latest version B Firmware installed.
3.7.2 Media
The TS1140 introduces the following enhanced Barium Ferrite (BaFe) particle media types
that can be used only by the TS1140. The new media can be read/written up to 250 MBps
native sustained data rate (up to 650 MBps at 3:1 compression ratio) in the new 32-channel
Jag-4 logical format:
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Tape Cartridge (JC): MEDIA11
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced WORM Tape Cartridge (JY): MEDIA12
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced Economy Tape Cartridge (JK): MEDIA13

The following TS1140 tape drive capacity and performance improvements are provided on
the existing 3592 media:
򐂰 The TS1140 tape drive reuses the following TS1130 and TS1120 supported media types:
– IBM 3592 Extended Tape Cartridge (JB) - MEDIA9
– IBM 3592 Extended WORM Tape Cartridge (JX) - MEDIA10
Important: The 3592 Model E07 is read-only compatible with the older 3592 media
types (MEDIA5, MEDIA6, MEDIA7, MEDIA8), cartridge types JA, JW, JJ, and JR.
򐂰 The TS1140 improves capacity and performance by writing and reading the E07 logical
format by using a new 32-channel enhanced ECC recording format with a higher track
density and higher linear density on the same media types.
򐂰 The TS1140 supports downward reading of 3592 J1A and TS1120 native formats and
writing and reading the TS1130 format.
򐂰 The appropriate Licensed Internal Code levels that are available for TS1130 and TS1120
must be applied that enable the recognition of the E06 format and allow reuse of the
media in the older formats. Thus, a model E06 or E05 drive can reformat media that was
previously written in the older format and write on it in the appropriate format.
Important: This design supports a common scratch pool by media type regardless of

Capacity and performance were improved from the IBM TS1130 tape drive for all media types
and for all formats that the TS1140 reads or writes.
The use of the 3592-E07 logical format offers the following capacity improvements on existing
and the cartridges:
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Extended WORM with data media (JB or JX) has a 60% capacity uplift
from 1 TB to 1.6 TB.
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Advanced WORM with data media (JC or JY) has a capacity of 4.0 TB.
򐂰 IBM Enterprise Economy Data media (JK) has a capacity of 500 GB.
The overall performance is increased by various improvements, as shown in the following
examples:
򐂰 Improved data rate
򐂰 Larger 1 GB main data buffer
򐂰 Better backhitching
򐂰 Improved speed with digital speed matching
򐂰 Enhanced read-ahead buffer management
򐂰 High access performance for locate/search
򐂰 Improved communication links, with dual 8 Gbps fiber ports
򐂰 SkipSync and FastSync write performance accelerators
򐂰 New 32-channel enhanced ECC recording format

Higher data rates
Performance is improved from the TS1130 up to 64% in TS1140 mode, 50% in TS1130 mode
for read and writes, and 50% in TS1120 mode for reads only. The following format data rates
are available:
򐂰 The E07 format data rates go up to 250 MBps maximum native and to 650 MBps
maximum compressed.
maximum compressed.
maximum compressed.

Media E07 format capacity data E06 format capacity data E05 format capacity data
rate (minimum - rate (minimum - rate (minimum -
maximum) maximum) maximum)
JB/JX 1.6 TB 1 TB 700 GB

JC/JY 4 TB N/A N/A

90 MBps - 250 MBps
JK 500 GB N/A N/A

60 MBps - 250 MBps
Buffer
The TS1140 E07 tape drive has a 1 GB internal data buffer. Along with enabling higher
performance characteristics, the data buffer uses support read ahead of compressed data
from tape and provides high performance random skip forward sequential (short hop) locates
that are common in database search and tape software recycle operations.
This improves the drive agility, file access, and small file handling, which might still be a
requirement on IBM z/OS platforms. Furthermore, the buffer reduces backhitches for all
workloads and improves overall read/write performance.
Offboard data string searching

The TS1140 E07 tape drive can search the data content of host records for string matches
offboard from the host server. The tape drive can perform this search at maximum data rate
(250 MBps native). It takes much longer for a host server to read the data, buffer the data to
disk, and then parse the actual data stream with host software routines.
Enhanced logic to report logical end of tape

LEOT is now reported, based on a combination of capacity-based and position-based LEOT
indicators. The TS1140 E07 monitors the total accumulated number of physical tape data
sets that are written to the volume and reports LEOT based on this capacity-based LEOT
value. This configuration allows tape copies to complete without overflow at a much higher
percentage of the time.

High-resolution tape directory
The TS1140 E07 tape drive maintains a tape directory structure with a high granularity of
information about the physical position of data blocks on the media. This feature and the
increased search speed allow the TS1140 E07 to have improved nominal and average
access times for locate operations versus previous IBM tape drives.
Speed matching
The speed matching function is improved on the TS1140 drive because the number of
speeds and the range of supported data rates is improved. The following data rate ranges
depend on the logical format and the media type used:
򐂰 Thirteen speeds, 76 - 251 MBps for 3592 JC/JK/JY cartridges initialized in Gen 4 format
򐂰 Thirteen speeds, 74 - 203 MBps for 3592 JB/JX cartridges initialized in Gen 4 format
򐂰 Thirteen speeds, 18 - 72 MBps for 3592 JA/JJ/JR/JW cartridges initialized in Gen 1 format
򐂰 Thirteen speeds, 36 - 144 MBps for 3592 JA/JJ/JR/JW cartridges initialized in Gen 2 or
Gen 3 format
functions:
򐂰 Forces speed changes mid-wrap if advantageous
Virtual backhitch
The TS1140 includes the following key feature improvements:
򐂰 Backhitchless backspacing (ANSI file writes)
The TS1140 has improved functions, such as recursive accumulating backhitchless flush
(RABF), and the addition of a new same wrap backhitchless flush (SWBF) function that
extends virtual backhitch effectiveness for large files.
page 103.
Read Ahead
On sequential reads, the tape drive automatically runs Read Ahead, and fills the buffer with
The 3592-E07 supports Read Ahead of approximately 1000 MB of compressed data from
tape. When the drive processes a command to locate or read a block, the drive automatically
continues to stream down the tape and reads ahead until the data buffer is full. This allows
subsequent Locate or Read commands to be fulfilled from the data buffer at faster speeds,
rather than requiring access to the tape.
The drive outperforms competitive drives, which stop and wait for the next command, with
this unique functionality.

The TS1140 tape drives support capacity scaling for tape cartridges of media types JB and
JC over a broad range of capacities. The effect of capacity scaling is to contain data in a
specified fraction of the tape, which yields faster locate and read times. Alternatively,
economy tapes (the JJ or JK media type) can be purchased.
access segment. For example, with the Model E07 tape drive operating in EFMT4 format, the
3592 Advanced Data Tape Cartridge (type JC) can be scaled to 800 GB. By using
performance segmentation, the 4000 GB Extended Data cartridge can be segmented into an
800 GB fast access segment and a 3200 GB slower access segment.

Important: Capacity scaling is supported for economy (JJ, JK) or WORM tapes (JW, JX,
JY, and JR) in read-only mode.
Tip: Check with the device driver user guide for capacity scaling limitations and instructions
for setup.

Table 3-18 lists the access performance and drive characteristics of the 3592-E07, 3592-E06,
and 3592-E05.

Parameter 3592-E07 EFMT4 or 3592-E06 EFMT3 or 3592-E05 EFMT2 or
EEFMT4 (J4 or J4-E) EEFMT3 (J3 or J3-E) EEFMT2 (J2 or J2-E)
Tape speed, locate/rewind 12.4 mps 12.4 mps 10 mps
Drive load/ready time 15 s 13 s 13 s
Block locate time from load 37 s for JB, JX 28 s for JA, JW 33 s for JA, JW
point average 40 s for JC, JY 11 s for JJ, JR 11 s for JJ, JR
11 s for JK 37 s for JB, JX 45 s for JB, JX
15 sec 20% scaled JB 11 sec 20% scaled JA 15 s for 20% scaled JB
12 sec 20% scaled JC 15 s for 20% scaled JB
Time to first data average 42 s for JB, JX 41 s for JA, JW 46 s for JA, JW
(load/ready + locate) 55 s for JC, JY 24 s for JJ, JR 24 s for JJ, JR
26 s for JK 50 s for JB, JX 58 s for JB, JX
30 s for 20% scaled JB 24 s for 20% scaled JA 28 s for 20% scaled JB
27 s for 20% scaled JC 28 s for 20% scaled JB
Unload time 24 s for JB, JX 21 s for JA, JW, JR, JJ, JB, 23 s for JA, JW, JR, JJ, JB,
36 s for JC, JY, JK JX JX

Parameter 3592-E07 EFMT4 or 3592-E06 EFMT3 or 3592-E05 EFMT2 or
EEFMT4 (J4 or J4-E) EEFMT3 (J3 or J3-E) EEFMT2 (J2 or J2-E)
Maximum rewind time 72 sec 100% scaled JB, JX 55 sec 100% scaled JA, JW 66 sec 100% scaled JA, JW
24 sec 20% scaled JB 18 sec 20% scaled JA 18 sec 20% scaled JA
76 sec 100% scaled JC, JY 18 sec JJ, JR 18 sec JJ, JR
26 sec 20% scaled JC 72 sec 100% scaled JB, JX 90 sec 100% scaled JB, JX
18 sec JK 24 sec 20% scaled JB 24 sec 20% scaled JB
Native Data Rate 250 MBps 163 MBps 104 MBps
Number of tracks 1792 JB, JX 1152 896

2560 JC, JK, JY
Number of passes (from 56 JB, JX 72 56

BOT to EOT) 80 JC, JK, JY
Linear density 500 kbpi 321 kbpi 282 kbpi
Servo regions 5 5 5
Data tracks recorded 32 16 16

simultaneously
Buffer size 1 GB 1 GB 512 MB
3.7.5 Emulation
This topic describes emulation mode and drive emulation regarding the TS1140 tape drive.
Emulation mode
The TS1140 tape drive does not support any emulation modes. Because the drive cannot
write the TS1120 or J1A logical format, it cannot fully emulate all format behaviors of a
previous model 3592 drive.
Drive emulation
Although the TS1140 tape drive does not support emulation, it can read in EFMT2, EFMT3,
and EFMT4 format. It also can write in EFMT3 and EFMT4 format with compatible IBM 3592
tape cartridges. The TS1140 tape drive can reformat any compatible EFMT2, EFMT3, or
EFMT4 tape to EFMT3 or EFMT4 format when it is writing from BOT. Table 3-19 lists the
modes available for TS1140.

Drive Mode Formats read Format used Format used Model type
Setting when writing when writing reported to host in
cartridge is at cartridge is not at response to an
BOT BOT Inquiry command
E07 EFMT1 EFMT3 EFMT3 E07

EFMT2 EFMT4 EFMT4
EFMT3
EFMT4
The following are the media formats for 3592:

򐂰 3592 model J1A read/write format J1 and for encrypted format is J1-E (EFMT1).
򐂰 3592 model E05 read/write format J2 and for encrypted format is J2-E (EFMT2 and
EEFMT2).

򐂰 3592 model E06 read/write format J3 and for encrypted format is J3-E (EFMT3 and
EEFMT3).
򐂰 3592 model E07 and EH7 read/write format J4 and for encrypted format is J4-E (EFMT4
and EEFMT4).

The TS1140 provided LTFS support with the following features:
򐂰 Wrap-wise and longitudinal-wise partitioning
򐂰 Supported on all non-WORM TS1140 formats (JC, JK, and JB formats)
򐂰 Each partition can use a separate encryption method, or none
Tape as a storage medium has many benefits: it is reliable, portable, low-cost, low-power, and
high-capacity. However, tape is not easy to use. It has no standard format, and data often
cannot be used without first copying it to disk.

TS1140 supports data safe mode. This mode is controlled by the application and prevents
inadvertent overwrite. Data safe mode treats the tape volume that is mounted as WORM drive
and prevents inadvertent overwrite. This mode is set by the application or host system.
3.7.8 Enhanced Ethernet support

The 3592 Model E07 tape drive includes an Ethernet port for use by an IBM Service Support
Representative (SSR) for procedures such as updating Licensed Internal Code, uploading a
drive memory dump, or viewing drive status. The Ethernet port on the TS1140 also can be
used by the user for providing the capability to access a drive’s virtual operator panel and
advanced status pages remotely by attaching an Ethernet cable from the drive to the users’
network.
Important: The Ethernet function is not supported on TS1140 drives in a TS3500 tape
library.
Expanded Ethernet port functionality

The Ethernet port is used in the TS1140 Rack mount configuration when in a TS3500 tape
library configuration the TS3500 tape library management interface (MI) can be used to
manage the TS1140 instead. Figure 3-19 on page 164 shows the location of the Ethernet
port.

3.7.9 TS1140 physical characteristics
The TS1140 tape drive includes an identical form factor and is plug-compatible with existing
3592 models. It maintains low power and improves power management. The maximum
continuous operating power increased by 2 watts from the TS1120 because of faster motor
speeds and enhanced electronics. The drive power use is 51 watts maximum operating
power, as compared to 39 watts for the TS1130. Standby power is fewer than 24 watts.
The TS1140 has a standby cooling management feature, which reduces the fan speed when
idle to further reduce power and reduce airborne debris contaminants. The fan operating
mode is controlled by a single input signal that is called full-speed mode or variable-speed
mode. In full-speed mode, the fan or blower runs at full speed. In variable-speed mode, the
blower adjusts its speed based on the ambient temperature down to a minimum of about 50%
of its full speed.

򐂰 3592-E07 drive code enables variable-speed mode under the following conditions:
temperature limit.
limit.
3592 packaging
As in previous models, the TS1140 tape drive is a canister with a drive that is packaged inside
the canister. Unique markings on the front and rear of the canister allow the identification of
an E07 from a previous version of the drive. The canister enclosure provides mounting,
connections, fiducial labels for calibration, and status LEDs for the use in automation frames.
The canister is mounted in various forms of mounting hardware for use in different automation
systems. The drive unit is inside the canister. The 3592-E07 drive has the same physical form
factor as the TS1130, TS1120, and 3592-J1A drive. Thus, only the complete canister can be
changed or replaced and not the drive alone.

The 3592-E07 canister no longer has an RS-232 serial port. An Ethernet service port was
added to the drive, which is for service, and use by the user. It provides the capability for
users to access advanced drive status pages and for service personnel to access a drive
virtual operator panel and perform firmware uploads and download drive memory dumps. It is
a single, standard RJ45 connector at the rear of the canister, as shown in Figure 3-19.
Figure 3-19 TS1140 Ethernet port
Important: This product might not be certified in the country of installation for connection
by any means whatsoever to interfaces of public telecommunications networks. Further
certification might be required by law before making any such connection. Contact IBM for
more information.

The TS1140 features the following significant hardware enhancements over the previous
models:
򐂰 New 32-channel enhanced ECC recording format.
򐂰 Enhanced JC-type media servo pattern.
򐂰 Flangeless rollers, which are designed to minimize tape edge damage and debris buildup
by elimination of the roller flanges.
򐂰 Giant Magneto Resistive head (GMR head). This advanced high gain head is designed to
reduce friction. It has an advanced head coating to prevent corrosion and to extend head
and tape cartridge life.
򐂰 Skew Actuator, which allows dynamic skew adjustment of the head to keep head
perpendicular to tape.
򐂰 Data-dependent, noise-predictive, maximum-likelihood (DD-NPML) detection scheme was
developed at IBM Research, Zurich to enable the accurate detection of data errors.

A drive-field MESconversion feature is available for a 3592-E06 model to 3592-E07 model
conversion to a TS1140. If this method is chosen to replace the TS1130 drive, only the drive
changes; the canister remains the same. The model EU6, which was previously upgraded
from a model E05, cannot be upgraded to a model E07.
The serial number of the original drive is written by the library to the vital product data (VPD)
of the replacement drive. The MES is valid for both the TS3500 tape library and a
rack-mounted drive.

No changes were made to the firmware update mechanisms for the TS1140 compared to
TS1130 tape drives:
򐂰 All four mechanisms that are currently supported for Licensed Internal Code updates on
the 3592-E06 also provide support on the E07.
򐂰 The TS1140 continues to support concurrent Licensed Internal Code load with deferred
activation.
򐂰 The TS1140 has a single Licensed Internal Code image unique from previous models. A
unique LOAD ID and incremented RU name field is assigned for the 3592-E04 drive.
Unique Licensed Internal Code is required for the model E07 drives because the LOAD ID
differs from the LOAD ID that is required for previous versions of 3592. The firmware for the
3592-E07 drive can be updated by using one of the following methods, depending on where
the drive is installed:
򐂰 Through the host attachment by using the write buffer command
򐂰 Through the Ethernet port on the drive
򐂰 Through the library RS-422 port to the drive canister (not supported on rack mount)
򐂰 Through the use of an FMR cartridge (might not be supported on automation systems)
3.7.12 RAS features

The RAS features are improved or maintained relative to the TS1130. Similar to its
predecessor models, the TS1140 is a single FRU, which is hot pluggable without a
maintenance window and supports nondisruptive code loading. As with TS1130, there is fan
speed management and unique device Licensed Internal Code file management through a
LOAD ID. Support is available for a larger service display.
The end-of-life use alert for media becomes activated on full file pass use and is depended on
the media being used. The Nearing Media Life alert is given at 19,900 mounts or 295 full-file
passes, and the Media Life alert is given at 20,000 mounts or 300 full-file passes.
3.7.13 Improved media SARS

The media SARS function for the TS1140 includes the following improvements:
򐂰 Tape alerts are now generated when media passes use life, as determined by full-file
passes, meters of tape that are processed, or write pass count, and the total number of
mounts (already supported).
This cartridge memory copy also is readable on an earlier level TS1120 drive to preserve
3.7.14 Encryption
The TS1140 tape drive is encryption-capable. Like the TS1130, there is no need to enable the
drive explicitly, which was the case with the TS1120 tape drive.
When the drive is installed behind a 3592 C07 or 3592 C06 Tape Controller, it is
encryption-enabled as part of the installation, which is a controller requirement.

Encryption on TS1140 includes the following enhancements:
򐂰 LME, SME, AME, and T10 method support
򐂰 Continued EEDK wrapped key support in LME and SME
򐂰 Enhanced Protocol support: IPP, T10 SPIN and SPOUT, and IKEv2 (PGA)
SHA-1 to SHA-2 when using IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager
򐂰 T10 standards-based encryption control on logical block basis (not tied to format
identifier), and even write encrypted data and clear data to the same tape cartridge
3.7.15 Tracking data that is written

An application can track the following data in KBs:
򐂰 The number of logical bytes written
򐂰 The number of physical bytes written
򐂰 The amount of free space remaining on a volume
򐂰 The capacity of the volume
򐂰 The number of logical bytes deleted
Now with the 4000 GB tape (non-compressed), the possibility exists with the TS1140 to
overflow some of the 4-byte fields that contain these values. Of particular concern are the
logical data-related fields that (with compression) deal with an amount of data that might be
larger than the physical capacity of the tape. Applications that use, store, and display this type
of information might need to account for and determine how best to handle an overflow
situation.

4
Chapter 4. IBM TS2280 tape drive

The IBM TS2280 tape drive (3580 model H8S) is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable
unit that is designed to offer high capacity and performance for the midrange system
environment. The TS2280 tape drive incorporates the IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium 8
Half-High tape drive and uses a dual-port 6 Gbps serial-attached SCSI (SAS) host interface.
The tape drive supports a native sustained data rate performance of up to 300 MBps, which
increases to 600 MBps under compression.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive uses the IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 12 TB data cartridge, and 9
TB M8 format Ultrium 7 data cartridge. It provides tape data capacity of up to 30 TB on a L8
format cartridge, and 22.5 TB on a M8 format cartridge, with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM
Ultrium 8 tape drives can read and write LTO Ultrium 7 data cartridges. LTO 8 cannot read
LTO 6 data cartridges. The TS2280 tape drive supports Write Once Read Many (WORM) on
WORM cartridge types.
The Ultrium 8 tape drive is encryption capable and supports application-managed encryption.
The TS2280 tape drive Model H8S uses a 6 Gbps dual port SAS interface for connection to
open system servers.
The TS220 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). If there is a TS2280 tape drive
failure, IBM provides a replacement drive.

򐂰 4.1, “Product description” on page 168
򐂰 4.2, “Half-High Ultrium 8 tape drive” on page 169
򐂰 4.4, “Encryption” on page 172
򐂰 4.5, “IBM Spectrum Archive and Linear Tape File System” on page 173
򐂰 4.7, “Specifications” on page 174
򐂰 4.8, “Feature codes” on page 175
Note: The TS2280 is the only stand-alone cartridge drive in the IBM LTO-8 family.

4.1 Product description
The IBM TS2280 tape drive is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable unit, and part of the
family of IBM Ultrium Tape products. It incorporates the latest generation of the Ultrium 8
Half-High tape drives, which features write cartridges with a native physical capacity of up to
12 TB. The IBM Ultrium 8 technology supports tape partitioning and the IBM Spectrum
Archive with Linear Tape File System (LTFS) technology. It also supports encryption of data
and WORM cartridges. For the remainder of this chapter, the terms TS2280 is used as an
abbreviation for the IBM TS2280 tape drive.
Only one model (model number 3580-H8S) is available for the TS2280 tape drive, as shown
in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 The TS2280 tape drive
The TS2280 tape drive uses 6 Gbps Serial SAS SFF-8088 interfaces.
The TS2280 tape drive is encryption-capable and uses Application Managed Encryption
(AME). Encryption is supported on Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 data cartridges. On the tape drive,
an encryption LED shows you when the drive is using encryption.
The TS2280 tape drive is a CRU. When a TS2280 tape drive has a failure, IBM provides a
replacement drive.
A Single-character Display (SCD) at the front of the TS2280 tape drive displays error codes
and messages.
The TS2280 tape drive attaches to selected IBM Power Systems models, IBM System x, and
PC servers. The TS2280 tape drive also supports attachment to other servers that are
running Microsoft Windows, AIX, and Linux. For more information about the latest supported
servers and operating system versions, see the IBM System Storage Interoperation Center
(SSIC) website:

In summary, the drive offers the following features:
򐂰 Dual-port 6 Gbps SAS Computer Systems Interface
򐂰 Half-High form factor
򐂰 Native storage capacity of 12 TB per cartridge (15 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio) on LTO
8 cartridge
򐂰 Native storage capacity of 9 TB per cartridge (22.5 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio) on LTO
7 cartridge using M8 format.
򐂰 Maximum native data transfer rate of up to 300 MB per second
򐂰 Maximum Interface Transfer Rate MB per second
򐂰 Burst data transfer rate of 600 MB per second
򐂰 1024 MB read-and-write cache
򐂰 Support for encryption on Ultrium 8, and Ultrium 7 tape cartridges
򐂰 SCD operator panel
򐂰 Ready, Fault, and Encryption status lights
򐂰 Maintenance Mode functions
򐂰 Ethernet Port (drive service use only)
򐂰 Uses Tunneling Magnetoresistive (TMR) head technology
4.2 Half-High Ultrium 8 tape drive

The TS2280 houses the Half-High Ultrium 8 tape drive, as shown in Figure 4-2. The TS2280
is an ideal tape drive for clients with small installations who want a reliable tape drive that
uses LTO Ultrium 8 technology. For more information, see 2.4.1, “The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape
drive range” on page 74.
The TS2280 tape drive features a 6 Gbps SAS interface for connection to a wide spectrum of
open system servers. The LTO Ultrium 8 Tape Media provides partitioning support, which,
with IBM LTFS technology, provides the ability to have file-level access to tape data. This
support helps quickly locate and update information on the tape media. The IBM Ultrium 8
technology is also designed to support encryption of data. The hardware encryption and
decryption core and control core are in the IBM Ultrium 8 tape drive.
In addition to reading and writing to Ultrium 8 tape cartridges, the TS2280 tape drive can read
and write to Ultrium 7 cartridges.
Figure 4-2 Front view of the TS2270 tape drive
Chapter 4. IBM TS2280 tape drive 169

The numbers in Figure 4-2 on page 169 highlight the following components:
1. Cartridge unload button
2. Ready light (green)
3. Encryption light (white)
4. Fault light (amber)
5. Single Character Display (SCD)
6. SCD dot
7. Power button
4.2.1 Platform support

For the latest list of supported platforms and operating systems, see the SSIC:
4.2.2 Performance highlights

If you run applications that are highly dependent on tape processing speed, take advantage
of the significant performance improvements that are provided by this tape drive. Table 4-1
shows the performance characteristics of the TS2270 tape drive.
Table 4-1 TS2270 tape drive performance characteristics

Performance characteristics TS2270 tape drive
Native data rate 300 MBps (with Ultrium 7 media)
Maximum Interface Transfer Rate (maximum sustained with 500 MBps (SAS)
maximally compressible data)
Interface Burst transfer rate 600 MBps (SAS)
Nominal load-to-ready time 15 seconds
Nominal unload time 24 seconds
Average rewind time 62 seconds
By using the built-in data compression capability of the tape drive, greater data rates than the
native data transfer rate can be achieved.
To improve system performance, the drive uses a technique that is called speed matching to
dynamically adjust its native (uncompressed) data rate to the slower data rate of a server.
With speed matching, the drive operates at different speeds when it is reading or writing the
Ultrium 8 or 7 cartridge format.
Important: Although the TS2280 tape drive provides the capability for excellent tape
performance, other components of the system might limit the actual performance that is
achieved. The compression technology that is used in the tape drive can more than double
the amount of data that can be stored on the media. However, the actual degree of
compression that is achieved is highly sensitive to the characteristics of the data that is
compressed.

4.3 Media
only IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges should be used. Other LTO-certified data cartridges can
be used, but they might not meet the standards of reliability that are established by IBM.
4.3.1 Data cartridges

The TS2280 tape drive uses the Ultrium 8 data cartridge, which has a native capacity of
12 TB. It has a compressed capacity of 30 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio, and uses a
linear, serpentine recording format. The TS2270 tape drive reads and writes data on
6656 tracks, 32 tracks at a time.
Ultrium 7 data cartridges specially formatted to Ultrium 8 use can be used on this drive. In this
case, these tapes will be pre-formatted as media format M8 and labeled as M8 media. This
format allows the LTO8 drive to use Ultrium 7 media with the same performance as Ultrium 8
media and a higher capacity than Ultrium 7. M8 format media provide native capacity of 9 TB.
It has a compressed capacity of 22.5 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio.
Note: LTO7 media with the M8 format can only be used on LTO 8 drives, and cannot be
reformatted for read in an LTO7 drive. Using M8 media requires the latest version of drive
FW to be installed.
See “M8 format” on page 65 for more details about M8 format.
The outside of the Ultrium 8 cartridges is burgundy, and the WORM cartridge color is
burgundy and silvery gray. The cartridge has a nominal life of 20,000 load and unload cycles.
In Table 4-2, the compatibility of the Ultrium data cartridges and tape drives is shown. Ultrium
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 data cartridges are not supported when Ultrium 8 tape drives are used.
Table 4-2 Ultrium compatibility among the generations

IBM Ultrium IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge
12 TB 9 TB 6 TB 2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB

(Ultrium 8) (Ultrium 7 (Ultrium 7) (Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3)
M8 format)
Ultrium 8 Read/write Read/write Read/write
Ultrium 7 Read/write Read/write Read only
Ultrium 4 Read/write Read/write
Ultrium 3 Read/write
4.3.2 Write Once Read Many cartridges

Certain records retention and data security applications require a WORM method for storing
data on tape. To meet this data storage requirement, a WORM feature is available on IBM
LTO Ultrium generation 8, 7, 6, and 5 drives. You can enable the WORM feature by upgrading
to WORM-capable drive firmware and by using a special WORM tape cartridge.

A specially formatted WORM tape cartridge is required because standard read/write media
are incompatible with the WORM feature. Each WORM cartridge has a unique worldwide
cartridge identifier (WWCID), which comprises the unique Cartridge Memory (CM) chip serial
number and the unique tape media serial number. For more information about WORM media,
see “WORM tape format” on page 42.
4.3.3 Cleaning cartridges

A specially labeled IBM LTO Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge cleans the drive. One cleaning
cartridge is included with the shipping package of the TS2280 tape drive.
Important: The drive automatically ejects an expired cleaning cartridge.
For more information, see “Specifications for cleaning cartridges” on page 50.
4.3.4 Cartridge memory

All generations of the IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridges include a Linear Tape-Open Cartridge
Memory (LTO-CM) chip, which is a passive contact-less silicon storage device that is
physically a part of the cartridge. It holds information about the specific cartridge, the media in
the tape drive, and the data on the media.
The LTO-CM enhances the efficiency of the cartridge and aids in determining the reliability of
the cartridge by storing data about its age, how many times it was loaded, and how many
errors it accumulated. Whenever a tape cartridge is unloaded, the tape drive writes any
pertinent information to the cartridge memory. A cleaning cartridge’s LTO-CM chip tracks the
number of times that the cartridge is used to prevent it from being used more than 50 times.
The storage capacity of the Ultrium 8 Tape Cartridge Memory Chip is 16320 bytes.
Communication between the TS2280 tape drive and the LTO-CM is through a low-level radio
frequency field that is transmitted by the drive to the cartridge.
4.4 Encryption
The TS2280 tape drive supports host AME, which uses T10 protocols. In this drive, data
encryption is supported by LTO Ultrium 8, and 7 data cartridges.
The TS2280 tape drive has a white key symbol on the front of the tape drive that indicates the
encryption status, as shown in Figure 4-3. It illuminates only when an Ultrium 8 or 7 data
cartridge is loaded and all data on the cartridge is encrypted.
Figure 4-3 Front view of TS2270 showing illuminated encryption symbol

The encryption-enabled drive contains the necessary hardware and firmware to encrypt and
decrypt host tape application data. The encryption policy and encryption keys are provided by
the host application, and no encryption setup is required (or available) for this drive.
Encryption requires the latest tape device drivers, which are available on Fix Central:
http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral
For more information about tape encryption, see IBM System Storage Open Systems Tape
4.5 IBM Spectrum Archive and Linear Tape File System

IBM Spectrum Archive uses LTFS, which is the first file system that works with the multiple
partitioning that is available on LTO Ultrium 7, 6, and 5 tapes. LTFS brings a new level of use
and portability to open systems tape storage. IBM Spectrum Archive storage software helps
you reduce complexity in data management and access time through the enablement of a
self-describing tape that includes a simple file index. It helps to decrease tape, file
management, and archive costs while improving response time for new business needs.
LTFS enables files and directories to be shown on the desktop and directory listing, and files
to be dragged-and-dropped to and from tape. It also supports data exchange and has a
simple, one-time installation.
The IBM Spectrum Archive SDE software is included with each TS2270 and uses LTO 7 tape
partitioning. It enables a self-describing tape file format and delivers an easy tape storage
and distribution solution without the use of more database applications.
IBM Spectrum Archive is the perfect solution for those in the media and entertainment
industry and other fields that need massive data storage on tape for long retention periods,
such as banking, scientific research, and government sectors. For more information and a list
of supported operating systems, see this website:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/tape/ltfs
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive SDE and LTFS, see IBM Spectrum
Archive Single Drive Edition and Library Edition: Installation and Configuration Guide,
SG24-8090.

The specifications for the SAS 6 Gbps physical attachment interface are described next.
4.6.1 Serial-attached SCSI

The TS2280 tape drive comes with a dual-port SFF-8088 interface on the back of the drive.
For more information about SAS, see “Serial-attached SCSI history” on page 54.
For the latest list of supported adapters, see the SSIC:


Figure 4-4 shows the rear view of the TS2280 tape drive with a dual-port SFF-8088 interface.
Figure 4-4 Rear view of the TS2280 tape drive
The numbers in Figure 4-4 highlight the following components:

1. Power connector
2. Air vents for fan
3. SAS connector, dual port
4. Ethernet connector (for service only)
4.7 Specifications
This section describes the physical, power, and environmental specifications for the drive.
4.7.1 Physical specifications

Table 4-3 lists the physical specifications for the tape drive.
Table 4-3 Physical specifications

Specification Measurement
Width 213 mm (8.4 in.)
Length 332 mm (13.1 in.)
Height 58 mm (2.3 in.)
Weight (without a cartridge) 4.3 kg (9.4 lbs.)

4.7.2 Power specifications
Table 4-4 lists the power specifications for the tape drive.
Table 4-4 Power specifications

Power measurements Drive
AC line current 100 - 240 V
Line frequency 50 - 60 Hz, auto-ranging
Line current at 100 Vac 1.0 A
4.8 Feature codes

Table 4-5 shows the available feature codes for the TS2280 tape drive.
Table 4-5 Feature code

Feature code Description
5402 2.0 M SAS/Mini-SAS Cable
5501 1.0 M Hi-Perf SAS External Cable
5502 2.0 M Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS Cable
5507 HD SAS to Mini SAS Cable
5509 Y SAS HD to Mini SAS Cable
7003 Rack Mount Shelf Kit w/PDU Line Cord
8002 Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge
8704 Ultrium 7 Data Cartridge (Single)
8706 Ultrium 7 Data Cartridges (5-pack)
9210 Attached to HP-UX System
9212 Attached to Windows System
9215 Attached to Linux System
9600 Attached to IBM AIX System
9800-9847 Power cord (different feature code for each country)
9848 Rack Device to PDU Line Cord

5

The IBM TS2270 tape drive (3580 model H7S) is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable
unit, which is designed to offer high capacity and performance for the midrange system
Half-High tape drive and uses a dual-port 6 Gbps serial-attached SCSI (SAS) host interface.
The tape drive supports a native sustained data rate performance of up to 300 MBps, which
increases to 600 MBps under compression.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive uses the IBM LTO Ultrium 7 6-TB data cartridge and
provides tape data capacity with up to 15 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 7
tape drives can read and write LTO Ultrium 6 data cartridges, and can read LTO Ultrium 5
data cartridges. The TS2270 tape drive supports Write Once Read Many (WORM) on WORM
cartridge types.
open system servers.
The TS2270 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). If there is a TS2270 tape drive

Note: The TS2270 is the only stand-alone cartridge drive in the IBM LTO-7 family.

The IBM TS2270 tape drive is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable unit, and part of the
Half-High tape drives, which features write cartridges with a native physical capacity of 6 TB.
The IBM Ultrium 7 technology supports tape partitioning and the IBM Spectrum Archive with
Linear Tape File System (LTFS) technology. It also supports encryption of data and WORM
cartridges. For the remainder of this chapter, the terms TS2270 are used as abbreviations for
the IBM TS2270 tape drive.
in Figure 5-1.
Figure 5-1 Side view of the TS2270 tape drive
The TS2270 tape drive uses 6 Gbps Serial SAS SFF-8088 interfaces.
(AME). Encryption is supported on Ultrium 7, 6, and 5 data cartridges. On the tape drive, an
encryption LED shows you when the drive is using encryption.
The TS2270 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). When a TS2270 tape drive has a
For error codes and messages, there is a Single Character Display (SCD) at the front of the
TS2270 tape drive.
The TS2270 tape drive attaches to selected IBM Power Systems models, IBM System x, and
PC servers. The TS2270 tape drive also supports attachment to other servers that are
running Microsoft Windows, HP-UX, Oracle Solaris, and UNIX. For more information about
the latest supported servers, see the IBM System Storage Interoperation Center (SSIC)
website:

򐂰 Dual-port 6 Gbps Serial Attached Small (SAS) Computer Systems Interface
򐂰 Native storage capacity of 6 TB per cartridge (15 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio)
򐂰 Support for encryption on Ultrium 7, Ultrium 6, and Ultrium 5 tape cartridges
򐂰 Single Character Display (SCD) operator panel
򐂰 Giant Magneto Resistive (GMR) head with beveled contouring for reducing stiction/friction

The TS2270 houses the Half-High Ultrium 7 tape drive (as shown in Figure 5-2). The TS2270
open system servers. The LTO Ultrium 7 Tape Media provides partitioning support, which,
with IBM Linear Tape File System technology, provides the ability to have file-level access to
tape data. This support helps quickly locate and update information on the tape media. The
IBM Ultrium 7 technology also is designed to support encryption of data. The hardware
encryption and decryption core and control core are in the IBM Ultrium 7 tape drive.
In addition to reading and writing to Ultrium 7 tape cartridges, the TS2270 tape drive can read
and write to Ultrium 6 cartridges and read Ultrium 5 cartridges.

6. SCD dot
7. Power button

For the latest list of supported platforms and operating systems, see the System Storage
Interoperation Center (SSIC):


Maximum Interface Transfer Rate (maximum sustained with 500 MBps (SAS)
Ultrium 7 or 6 cartridge format.
achieved. The compression technology that is used in the tape drive can more than double
the amount of data that can be stored on the media. However, the actual degree of
compressed.
5.3 Media

The TS2270 tape drive uses the Ultrium 7 data cartridge, which has a native capacity of 6 TB.
It has a compressed capacity of 15 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio, and uses a linear,
serpentine recording format. The TS2270 tape drive reads and writes data on 3584 tracks,
32 tracks at a time.
The outside of the Ultrium 7 cartridges is purple, and the WORM cartridge color is purple and
silvery gray. The cartridge has a nominal life of 20,000 load and unload cycles.
In Table 5-2, the compatibility of the Ultrium data cartridges and tape drives is shown. Ultrium
4, Ultrium 3, Ultrium 2, and Ultrium 1 data cartridges are not supported when
Ultrium 7 tape drives are used.

6 TB 2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB 200 GB 100 GB

(Ultrium 7) (Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3) (Ultrium 2) (Ultrium 1)

LTO Ultrium generation 7, 6, and 5 drives. You can enable the WORM feature by upgrading to
WORM-capable drive firmware and by using a special WORM tape cartridge.
are incompatible with the WORM feature. Each WORM cartridge has a unique worldwide
number and the unique tape media serial number. For more information about WORM media,
see “WORM tape format” on page 42.


5.4 Encryption
The TS2270 tape drive supports host Application Managed Encryption (AME), which uses
T10 protocols. Data encryption is supported by LTO Ultrium 7, 6, and 5 data cartridges.
encryption status, as shown in Figure 5-3. It illuminates only when an Ultrium 7 cartridge is
loaded and all data on the cartridge is encrypted.
the host application, and there is no encryption setup required (or available) for this drive.

IBM Spectrum Archive uses the Linear Tape File System (LTFS), which is the first file system
that works with the multiple partitioning that is available on LTO Ultrium 7, 6, and 5 tapes.
LTFS brings a new level of use and portability to open systems tape storage. IBM Spectrum
Archive storage software helps you reduce complexity in data management and access time
through the enablement of a self-describing tape that includes a simple file index. It helps to
decrease tape, file management, and archive costs while improving response time for new
business needs.
LTFS allows files and directories to be shown on the desktop and directory listing and files
can be dragged-and-dropped to and from tape. It also supports data exchange and has a
The IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition (SDE) software is included with each TS2270
and uses LTO 7 tape partitioning. It enables a self-describing tape file format and delivers an
easy tape storage and distribution solution without the use of more database applications.
IBM Spectrum Archive is the perfect solution for those in the Media and Entertainment
SG24-8090.

The specifications for the SAS 6 Gbps physical attachment interface are described next.

For the latest list of supported adapters, see the System Storage Interoperation Center
(SSIC):


1. Power connector
5.7 Specifications




5.8 Feature codes


5502 2.0 M Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS Cable
9211 Attached to Oracle Solaris System
9400 Attached to IBM i (i5/OS & OS/400®) System

6

The IBM TS2260 tape drive (3580 model H6S) is an external stand-alone or rack mountable
unit, which is designed to offer high capacity and performance for the midrange system
Half-High tape drive and uses a dual-port 6 Gbps SAS (serial-attached SCSI) host interface.
The tape drive supports a native data rate performance of up to 160 MBps.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive uses the IBM LTO Ultrium 6 2.5 TB data cartridge and
provides tape data capacity with up to 6.25 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 6
tape drives can read and write LTO Ultrium 5 data cartridges, and can read LTO Ultrium 4
data cartridges. The TS2260 tape drive also supports WORM on WORM cartridge types.
open system servers, or with feature code 5760.
The TS2260 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). In the case of TS2260 tape drive

򐂰 6.5, “IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS” on page 192

The IBM TS2260 tape drive is an external stand-alone or rack mountable unit, and part of the
Half-High tape drives, which features write cartridges with a native physical capacity of 2.5
TB. The IBM Ultrium 6 technology supports tape partitioning and the IBM Linear Tape File
System (LTFS) technology. It also supports encryption of data and WORM cartridges. For the
remainder of this chapter, the terms TS2260 and TS2260 tape drive are used as abbreviations
for IBM TS2260 tape drive.
in Figure 6-1.
The TS2260 tape drive uses 6 Gbps Serial SAS interfaces for connecting to servers.
The SAS interfaces are SFF-8088.
(AME). Encryption is supported on Ultrium 6, Ultrium 5, and Ultrium 4 data cartridges. On the
tape drive, an encryption LED shows you when the drive is using encryption.
The TS2260 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). In the case of TS2260 tape drive
TS2260 tape drive.
The TS2260 tape drive attaches to selected IBM Power Systems models and also supports
attachment to other servers that are running Microsoft Windows, Linux, HP-UX, Oracle
Solaris, and UNIX. For more information about the latest supported platforms, see the IBM
System Storage Interoperation Center (SSIC) website:

򐂰 Dual port 6 Gbps Serial Attached Small (SAS) Computer Systems Interface
򐂰 Native storage capacity of 2.5 TB per cartridge (6.25 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio)

򐂰 Support for encryption on Ultrium 6, Ultrium 5, and Ultrium 4 tape cartridges
򐂰 Single Character Display (SCD) operator panel
򐂰 Giant Magneto Resistive (GMR) head with beveled contouring for reducing stiction/friction

The TS2260 houses the Half-High Ultrium 6 tape drive (as shown in Figure 6-2). The TS2260
The TS2260 tape drive features a 6 Gbps SAS for connection to a wide spectrum of open
system servers. The LTO Ultrium 6 Tape Media provides partitioning support, which, with IBM
Spectrum Archive and Linear Tape File System technologies, provides the ability to have
file-level access to tape data. This support helps quickly locate and update information on the
tape media.
The IBM Ultrium 6 technology is also designed to support encryption of data. The hardware
encryption and decryption core and control core are in the IBM Ultrium 6 tape drive. In
addition to reading and writing to Ultrium 6 tape cartridges, the TS2260 tape drive can read
and write to Ultrium 5 cartridges and read Ultrium 4 cartridges.

6. SCD dot
7. Power button



Maximum interface transfer rate (maximum sustained with 500 MBps (SAS)
Ultrium 6 or Ultrium 5 cartridge format.
achieved. The compression technology that is used in the tape drive often can double the
amount of data that can be stored on the media. However, the actual degree of
compressed.
6.3 Media

The TS2260 tape drive uses the Ultrium 6 data cartridge, which has a native capacity of
2.5 TB. It has a compressed capacity of 6.25 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio, and uses a
linear, serpentine recording format. The TS2260 tape drive reads and writes data on 2176
tracks, 16 tracks at a time.

The outside of the Ultrium 6 cartridges is black, and the WORM cartridge color is black and
In Table 6-2, the compatibility of the Ultrium data cartridges and tape drives are shown.
Ultrium 3, Ultrium 2, and Ultrium 1 data cartridges are not supported when Ultrium 6 tape
drives are used.

IBM Ultrium tape drive IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge
2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB 200 GB 100 GB

(Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3) (Ultrium 2) (Ultrium 1)

are incompatible with the WORM feature. Each WORM cartridge has a unique, worldwide
cartridge identifier (WWCID), which comprises the unique CM chip serial number and the
unique tape media serial number. For more information about WORM media, see “WORM
tape format” on page 42.



6.4 Encryption
The TS2260 tape drive supports host Application Managed Encryption (AME), which uses
T10 protocols. Data encryption is supported by LTO Ultrium 6, Ultrium 5, and Ultrium 4 data
cartridges only.
encryption status, as shown in Figure 6-3. It illuminates only when an Ultrium 6 cartridge is
loaded and all data on the cartridge is encrypted.
the host application, and there is no encryption setup required (or available) for this drive.
6.5 IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS

IBM Spectrum Archive uses Linear Tape File System (LTFS), which is the first file system that
works with the multiple partitioning that is available on LTO Ultrium 6 and LTO Ultrium 5 tape.
This system brings a new level of use and portability to open systems tape storage.
IBM Spectrum Archive storage software helps you reduce complexity in data management
and access time through the enablement of a self-describing tape that includes a simple file
index. It helps to decrease tape, file management, and archive costs while improving
response time for new business needs.

LTFS allows files and directories to be shown on the desktop and directory listing and files
can be dragged-and-dropped to and from tape. It also supports data exchange and has a
and uses the LTO 6 tape partitioning. It enables a self-describing tape file format and delivers
an easy tape storage and distribution solution without the use of more database applications.
IBM Spectrum Archive and Linear Tape File System provide the perfect solution for those in
the Media and Entertainment industry and other fields that need massive data storage on
tape for long retention periods, such as banking, scientific research, and government sectors.
For more information and a list of supported operating systems, see this website:
SG24-8090.

The specifications for the physical attachment interface, SAS 6 Gbps, is described next.

For the latest list of supported adapters, see the System Storage Interoperation Center
(SSIC):

1. Power connector

6.7 Specifications




6.8 Feature codes


5507 4 M Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS Cable
5509 3M Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS 2X Cable

9400 Attached to IBM i (i5/OS & OS/400) System

7

The IBM TS2360 tape drive (3580 model S63) is an external stand-alone or rack mountable
unit, which offers high capacity and performance for the midrange systems environment. The
IBM TS2360 tape drive incorporates the Linear Tape-Open (LTO) IBM Ultrium 6 full Full-High
serial-attached SCSI (SAS) tape drive, which provides maximum tape drive throughput and a
native data rate performance of up to 160 MBps.
In addition, with the use of the IBM LTO Ultrium 6 2.5 TB data cartridge, the TS2360 tape
drive provides tape cartridge capacity up to 6.25 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio compared
to the previous Ultrium 5 1.5 TB (3 TB with a 2:1 compression ratio) tape cartridges. IBM
Ultrium 6 tape drives can read and write LTO Ultrium 5 data cartridges, and can read LTO
Ultrium 4 data cartridges. The TS2360 tape drive supports Write Once Read Many (WORM)
on WORM cartridge types.
The TS2360 tape drive Model S63 uses 6 Gbps serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interfaces and
has dual-port Mini-SAS (SFF-8088) interfaces for connecting to open systems servers.
The TS2360 tape drive is encryption-capable and supports Application Managed

Encryption (AME).
The TS2360 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). In the case of tape drive failure,
IBM provides a replacement drive.

򐂰 7.2, “Full-High Ultrium 6 tape drive” on page 199

The IBM S2360 tape drive is an external stand-alone or rack mountable unit and part of the
Full-High SAS tape drives, which write cartridges with a native physical capacity of 2.5 TB.
The IBM Ultrium 6 technology supports media partitioning and the IBM Linear Tape File
System (LTFS) technology. It also continues to support encryption of data and WORM
cartridges. For the remainder of this chapter, the terms TS2360 and TS2360 tape drive are
used as abbreviations for IBM S2360 tape drive.
The only model that is available for the TS2360 tape drive is the TS2360 model tape drive
S63, which has a SAS interface that has a native data transfer rate of up to 6 Gbps.
Figure 7-1 shows the side view of the TS2360 tape drive.
The TS2360 tape drive uses 6 Gbps SAS interfaces for connecting to open systems servers.
These interfaces are dual-port Mini-SAS (SFF-8088).
(AME).
The TS2360 tape drive is a CRU. In the case of TS2360 tape drive failure, IBM provides a
replacement drive.
TS2360 tape drive.
The TS2360 tape drive attaches to selected IBM Power System models and also supports
attachment to other servers that are running Microsoft Windows, Linux, HP-UX, Oracle
Solaris, and UNIX. To determine the latest supported servers, see this website:

In summary, the Ultrium 6 tape drive offers the following features:
򐂰 Dual-port 6 Gbps Serial Attached Small Computer Systems Interface (SAS)
򐂰 Support for WORM on WORM cartridge types
򐂰 Native storage capacity of 2.5 TB per cartridge (6.25 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio) when
Ultrium 6 cartridges are used
򐂰 Native data transfer rate of up to 160 MB per second
򐂰 Support for encryption of data on Ultrium 6, Ultrium 5, and Ultrium 4 cartridges
򐂰 Full-High form factor
򐂰 SCD operator panel
򐂰 Ready and Fault status lights
7.2 Full-High Ultrium 6 tape drive

The TS2360 tape drive houses the Full-High Ultrium 6 tape drive, as shown in Figure 7-2.
The TS2360 is an ideal tape drive for clients who want a robust and reliable tape drive with
LTO Ultrium 6 technology. For more information, see 2.6.1, “The IBM LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive
range” on page 85.
open systems servers. The LTO Ultrium 6 Tape Media provides partitioning support, which,
with IBM Linear Tape File System technology, provides the ability to have file-level access to
tape data. This support helps to quickly locate and update information on the tape media.
The IBM Ultrium 6 technology also supports encryption of data. The hardware encryption and
decryption core and control core are in the IBM Ultrium 6 tape drive. In addition to reading
and writing to Ultrium 6 tape cartridges, the TS2360 tape drive can read and write to Ultrium 5
cartridges and read Ultrium 4 cartridges.
Figure 7-2 Front view of TS2360 tape drive

The numbers in Figure 7-2 on page 199 highlight the following components:
1. Status light
2. Unload button
4. SCD dot
5. Cartridge slot
6. Power button


In general terms, Half-High drives are designed for small to medium workload requirements
whereas Full-High drives are designed for medium to large workloads. Although the data
rates between Half-High and Full-High are the same at 160 MBps, Full-High drives have
significantly better times for rewind/locate operations and file access than that of the
Half-High equivalent.
Full-High drives also provide three times the load/unload life. Therefore, if you run
applications that are highly dependent on tape processing speed, take advantage of the
significant performance improvements that are provided by this tape drive. Table 7-1 shows
the performance characteristics of the TS2360 tape drive.
Table 7-1 TS2360 tape drive Performance characteristics

Maximum interface transfer rate (maximum 500 MBps (SAS)

sustained with maximally compressible data)
achieved. Also, although the compression technology that is used in the tape drive can
typically double the amount of data that can be stored on the media, the actual degree of
being compressed.

7.3 Media
To ensure that the IBM Ultrium tape drive conforms to the IBM specifications for reliability, use
IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges. Other LTO-certified data cartridges can be used, but they
might not meet the standards of reliability that are established by IBM.

The TS2360 tape drive uses the Ultrium 6 data cartridge. It has a native capacity of 2.5 TB,
and compressed capacity of 6.25 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. It uses a linear,
serpentine recording format. The TS2360 tape drive reads and writes data on 2176 tracks,
16 tracks at a time.
The outside of the Ultrium 6 cartridges is black, whereas WORM cartridges are black and
In Table 7-2, the compatibilities of the Ultrium data cartridges and tape drives are shown.
Ultrium 3, Ultrium 2, and Ultrium 1 data cartridges are not supported when Ultrium 6 tape
drives are used.

IBM Ultrium tape drive IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge
2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB 200 GB 100 GB

(Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3) (Ultrium 2) (Ultrium 1)

cartridge identifier (WWCID), which comprises the unique CM chip serial number and the
unique tape media serial number.
For more information about WORM media, see “Ordering bar code labels” on page 49.

cartridge is included in the shipping package of the TS2360 tape drive.
For more information about the cleaning cartridge, see “Specifications for cleaning cartridges”
on page 50.
7.3.4 Cartridge memory (LTO-CM)

physically a part of the cartridge. It is designed to hold information about specific cartridge,
the media in the tape drive and the data on the media.
number of times that the cartridge is used to prevent it being used more than 50 times.
7.4 Encryption
The IBM Storage System TS2360 tape drive supports host Application Managed Encryption
(AME), which uses T10 encryption protocols. Data encryption is supported by LTO Ultrium 6,
Ultrium 5, and Ultrium 4 data cartridges only.
decrypt host tape application data. The Encryption policy and encryption keys are provided
by the host application, and there is no encryption setup required (or available) for this drive.
Encryption requires the latest tape device drivers that are available on the Fix Central
download site, which is available at this website:

IBM Spectrum Archive uses Linear Tape File System (LTFS), which is the first file system that
works with the multiple partitioning that is available on LTO Ultrium 6 and LTO Ultrium 5 tape.
This system brings a new level of use and portability to open systems tape storage.
IBM Spectrum Archive storage software helps you reduce complexity in data management
and access time through the enablement of a self-describing tape that includes a simple file
index. It helps to decrease tape, file management, and archive costs while improving
response time for new business needs.
LTFS allows files and directories to be shown on desktop and the directory listing and you can
drag-and-drop files to and from tape. LTFS also supports data exchange and has a simple
one-time installation.
and uses LTO 6 tape partitioning. It enables a self-describing tape file format and delivers an
easy tape storage and distribution solution without the use of more database applications.
IBM Spectrum Archive is the perfect solution for those in the Media and Entertainment
SG24-8090.

The specifications for the physical attachment interface, SAS 6 Gbps, are described next.

For more information about serial-attached SCSI (SAS), see “Serial-attached SCSI history”
on page 54. For the latest list of supported adapters, see the System Storage Interoperation
Center (SSIC) at this website:


1. Power connector
2. Fan
3. Serial-attached SCSI connectors
4. Ethernet connector
7.7 Specifications
The following sections describe the physical, power, and environmental specifications for the
drive.




7.8 Feature codes

Table 7-5 lists the available feature codes for the TS2360 tape drive.
Table 7-5 TS2360 feature codes

5402 2.0 M SAS/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
5502 2.0 M Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
8505 Ultrium 5 Data Cartridge (5-Pack)
9400 Attached to i5/OS or OS/400 Systems

Part 2
Part 2 IBM tape libraries

for open systems
This part introduces the current IBM tape library models for Linear Tape-Open tape drives,
virtual tape libraries, and library management tools and technology.
The following chapters are included in Part 2:

򐂰 Chapter 8, “IBM TS2900 tape autoloader” on page 209
򐂰 Chapter 9, “IBM TS4300 tape library” on page 223
򐂰 Chapter 10, “IBM TS4500 tape library” on page 261

8
Chapter 8. IBM TS2900 tape autoloader

The IBM TS2900 tape autoloader (Machine Type 3572) provides an efficient, high capacity,
low-cost solution for unattended data backup. The library has a compact 1U form factor with
easy access to tape cartridges through a removable magazine. The IBM TS2900 tape
autoloader is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable unit that incorporates a single
Ultrium 8, 7, 6, or 5, Half-High tape drive. It is equipped with a serial-attached SCSI (SAS)
host adapter attachment that has a data transfer rate of up to 6 Gbps.
The IBM TS2900 tape autoloader has a removable cartridge magazine that provides nine
data cartridge slots, including a configurable single slot I/O station. IBM TS2900 tape
autoloader is an entry point for IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) tape automation. This
autoloader uses the IBM patented high density (HD) slot technology.
The following features are standard:

򐂰 Application-Managed Encryption (AME) with LTO-8, LTO-7, LTO-6, and LTO-5 tape drives
򐂰 Bar code reader
򐂰 LCD display for local management
򐂰 Web User Interface (GUI) for remote management
򐂰 Configurable I/O station
򐂰 Removable magazine with IBM patented HD Slot technology
The following features are optional:

򐂰 Transparent System-Managed Encryption (SME) and Library-Managed Encryption (LME)
򐂰 Choice of rack-mount or desktop packaging
For the remainder of this chapter, the terms TS2900 and TS2900 tape autoloader are used as
abbreviations for the IBM TS2900 tape autoloader.

򐂰 8.2, “TS2900 tape autoloader components” on page 212
򐂰 8.3, “IBM LTO Ultrium Half-High tape drives” on page 216
򐂰 8.4, “Physical attachments” on page 218

The IBM TS2900 tape autoloader (Machine Type 3572 1U Autoloader) supports one LTO-8,
LTO-7, LTO-6, or LTO-5 Half-High tape drive.
The following models are available for the TS2900 tape autoloader:
򐂰 The 3572-S8H comes with an Ultrium 8 Half-High tape drive that has a SAS interface with
a data transfer rate of 6 Gbps. The SAS Ultrium 8 tape drive comes with an SFF-8088
interface. The Ultrium 8 tape drive provides a sustained native data transfer rate of
300 MBps.
300 MBps.
160 MBps.
140 MBps.
Important: The IBM TS2900 tape autoloader comes ready to be mounted in a standard
19-inch rack. Feature code 7006 must be ordered, which provides the rack mounting
hardware. If you want to install the TS2900 tape autoloader as a desk side model, feature
code 7010 must be ordered to provide covers.
Figure 8-1 shows the front view of the TS2900 tape autoloader. The cartridge magazine can
be seen in the center. The Operator Control Panel is visible on the right side.
Figure 8-1 IBM TS2900 tape autoloader

The following cartridges are supported in the TS2900 tape autoloader:
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 8 (12 TB native physical capacity)
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 7 M8 format (9 TB native physical capacity)
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 7 (6 TB native physical capacity)
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 6 (2.5 TB native physical capacity)
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 5 (1.5 TB native physical capacity)
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 4 (800 GB native physical capacity)
򐂰 IBM LTO Tape Cartridge Ultrium 3 (400 GB native physical capacity)
򐂰 Write Once Read Many (WORM) cartridges
Cartridge support depends on the tape drive that is installed in the TS2900 tape autoloader.
The library media capacity can be increased by using hardware compression (2:1
compression ratio for Ultrium 5 and below tape drives, and 2.5:1 for Ultrium 8, 7, and 6 tape
drives).
The TS2900 tape autoloader has a 6 Gbps single-port SFF-8088 SAS connector. This is the
same connector for all of the other IBM tape products that support the SAS interface. The
tape drive is integrated into the library. There are no tape drive field-replaceable units (FRUs)
or customer-replaceable units (CRUs) because the entire library is a CRU. Designed for tape
automation, the TS2900 tape autoloader can be attached to many different systems. For
more information and a list of supported operating systems, see this website:
Depending on which generation of IBM Ultrium tape drive is installed in the TS2900 tape
autoloader, the following data cartridges can be used:
򐂰 IBM LTO Ultrium 12 TB data cartridge or 12 TB WORM cartridge when the IBM Ultrium 8
tape drive is installed. The Ultrium 8 tape drive can write up to 12 TB native capacity and
up to 30 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 8 tape drives can read and write
LTO Ultrium 7 data cartridges, it do not support earlier LTO Ultrium data cartridges.
򐂰 IBM LTO Ultrium 9 TB data cartridges are specially formatted LTO Ultrium 7 data
cartridges which can be used in the LTO 8 drive. In this case these tapes will be formatted
as media format M8 and labeled as M8 media. This allows the LTO8 drive to use Ultrium 7
media with the same performance as Ultrium 8 media and a higher capacity than Ultrium
7. M8 format media will provide native capacity of 9 TB. It has a compressed capacity of
22.5TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio.
Note: LTO7 media with the M8 format can only be used on LTO 8 drives, and cannot
be reformatted for read in a LTO7 drive.
Using M8 media requires the latest version of drive and library FW to be installed.
See “M8 format” on page 65 for more details about M8 format.

򐂰 IBM LTO Ultrium 6 TB data cartridge or 6 TB WORM cartridge when the IBM Ultrium 7
tape drive is installed. The Ultrium 7 tape drive can write up to 6 TB native capacity and up
to 15 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 7 tape drives can read and write LTO
Ultrium 6 data cartridges, read LTO Ultrium 5 data cartridges, and do not support earlier
LTO Ultrium data cartridges.
򐂰 IBM LTO Ultrium 2.5 TB data cartridge or 2.5 TB WORM cartridge when the IBM Ultrium 6
tape drive is installed. The Ultrium 6 tape drive can write up to 2.5 TB native capacity and
up to 6.25 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 6 tape drives can read and write
LTO Ultrium 5 data cartridges, read LTO Ultrium 4 data cartridges, and do not support
earlier LTO Ultrium data cartridges.
Chapter 8. IBM TS2900 tape autoloader 211

򐂰 IBM LTO Ultrium 1.5 TB data cartridge or 1.5 TB WORM cartridge when the IBM Ultrium 5
tape drive is installed. The Ultrium 5 tape drive can write up to 1.5 TB native capacity and
up to 3.0 TB with a 2:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 5 tape drives can read and write
LTO Ultrium 4 data cartridges, read LTO Ultrium 3 data cartridges, and do not support
earlier LTO Ultrium data cartridges.
The library has a capacity of a maximum of nine tape cartridges, which provides a maximum
media capacity of up to 108 TB (270 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio) of data storage using
LTO 8 media.
8.2 TS2900 tape autoloader components

The TS2900 tape autoloader has an improved robotic system that moves along an axis from
front to back next to the cartridge magazine. This limited movement provides robust robotics.
The standard bar code reader is installed on the picker.
TS2900 tape autoloader houses a cartridge magazine, Operator Control Panel, accessor,
library controller card, power supply, and a Half-High tape drive.
Figure 8-2 shows the top view of the TS2900 tape autoloader. The right side of the image is
the rear of the library and the left side is the front. The TS2900 tape autoloader is not a
modular system and does not allow you to change parts.
Figure 8-2 Internal top view of the TS2900 tape autoloader
The following components are shown in Figure 8-2:

1. Cartridge magazine: The front slot of the first column (far left) in the cartridge magazine
can be configured as an I/O station or cleaning slot. The back slot of the first column of the
cartridge magazine is used as the exchange slot. The I/O station is used to import and
export cartridges without interrupting normal library operation. Cleaning cartridges are
used to clean the tape drive heads.
2. Accessor: This component contains the library robot and the bar code reader. The
accessor moves cartridges to and from the cartridge magazine.

3. Library control board: The library control board manages the entire library, including the
Operator Control Panel and Accessor, and is responsible for monitoring the library to
ensure that the library functions properly. It stores vital product data (VPD), such as library
settings, the serial number, library logs, and Accessor calibration backup data.
4. Power supply: The power supply is the sole source of power for the library.
5. Tape drive: This library supports the Ultrium 8,7,6, and 5 tape drives. The tape drive in the
library is packaged in a container that is called a drive sled. The drive sled is not a CRU.
Important: There is no need to open the top cover of the TS2900 tape autoloader
because there are no client serviceable components inside the library. The whole
library is a CRU. IBM provides a replacement of the TS2900 tape autoloader if there is
a failure.
Figure 8-3 shows the components from the rear of the TS2900 tape autoloader.
Figure 8-3 Rear panel components of the TS2900 tape autoloader
The following components are shown in Figure 8-3:

1. Power connector: The library uses this power connector to connect to a 110/240 Volt AC
power supply.
2. Power switch: The library is powered ON when the power supply switch on the rear panel
is ON. The library has no independent power switch on the front panel.
3. SAS port: The serial-attached SCSI host interface cable connection. The Ultrium 8, 7, 6,
and 5 SAS drives use the SFF-8088 connection at the drive end and the SFF-8088 or
SFF-8470 connection at the host adapter end.
4. Ethernet port: Connects the library to the network by using this port.
5. Shipping lock screw: Used to restrain the accessor robot assembly during transportation.
Store the shipping lock screw in the storage slot on the rear panel of the library and cover
it with the label for future use.
6. Air vent: These vents allow air to escape from the power supply and tape drive sled.

8.2.1 Operator Control Panel
The library is equipped with an Operator Control Panel (OCP) with which you can perform
simple actions with the medium changer. By using the OCP interface, you can monitor the
medium changer operation, make configuration changes, and perform media access
commands.
Important: When a user runs a medium access command through the OCP interface, the
medium changer reports Not Ready to Ready status on the SCSI bus.
For more information about the medium changer SCSI command, see IBM System
Storage TS2900 SCSI Reference, GC27-2211.
The Operator Control Panel interface

The Operator Control Panel (OCP) is on the front of the library and allows users to work
locally on the library. The OCP features a monochrome 16-character LCD graphic display.
Library operations and service functions are performed from this display. As shown in
Figure 8-4.
Figure 8-4 TS2900 front panel
Figure 8-5 shows the top-level menu tree structure of the OCP on the front of the TS2900
tape autoloader. For more information about all of the OCP functions, see the specification in
IBM System Storage TS2900 Tape Autoloader Setup, Operator, and Service Guide,
GC27-2212.
Figure 8-5 Operator control panel menu tree

8.2.2 Robotics
The IBM TS2900 tape autoloader uses an independent tape loader, threader motors, and a
positive pin retention. These features help improve the reliability of loading and unloading a
cartridge and to retain the pin, even if tension is dropped. An independent loader motor, which
is coupled with the positive pin retention, threads the tape with a higher level of reliability.
8.2.3 Bar code reader

The bar code reader is a part of the library Accessor. It reads each cartridge bar code label
and the fiducial labels, which identify the types of cartridge magazines and tape drive that are
installed in the library, and provides inventory feedback to the host application, OCP, and web
User Interface. The library stores the customized inventory data in memory. Library firmware
supports a six-character or eight-character volume serial number (VOLSER) on the bar code
label on the tape cartridge.
8.2.4 Cartridge storage

The TS2900 tape autoloader has one removable magazine with 10 cartridge slots. The slots
are organized as five High Density (HD) slots (2 × 5 = 10), but one of the 10 slots is reserved
for library swap space, so the magazine has a total user capacity of nine cartridges. If a
dedicated I/O slot is defined, the magazine has a capacity of eight cartridges.
When the magazines are filled with cartridges, the web User Interface (UI) can be used to log
in to the TS2900 tape autoloader to look at which cartridges are stored and in which storage
slot location, as shown in Figure 8-6.
Figure 8-6 Inventory of the magazine
The left part of the magazine is the I/O station and it can be opened by using the Operator
Control Panel.

8.3 IBM LTO Ultrium Half-High tape drives
TS2900 tape autoloader houses the LTO 8,7,6, or 5 HH tape drive. This section describes
several of the highlights of the Half-High Ultrium 7 tape drive. The TS2900 tape autoloader is
an ideal tape autoloader for clients who want to have a reliable tape library with LTO
technology.
Important: For more information about the LTO-8, LTO-7, and LTO 6 Half-High tape drives,
see 2.5, “IBM LTO Ultrium 7 tape drives” on page 76 and 2.6, “IBM LTO Ultrium 6 tape
drives” on page 82.
8.3.1 LTO-8 Half-High tape drive

The following topics describe the characteristics of the LTO-8 Half-High tape drive. For more
information, see 2.4.1, “The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive range” on page 74.
Platform support
Performance highlights
The TS2900 tape autoloader incorporates the eighth-generation of IBM Half-High Ultrium
tape drive technology. The maximum tape drive throughput data rate is up to 300 MBps of
native data. Data tracks are written 32 at a time and there are 6656 data tracks.
Important: Although the TS2900 tape autoloader provides the capability for excellent tape
achieved. Also, although the compression technology that is used in the tape drive can
typically double the amount of data that can be stored on the media, the actual degree of
being compressed.
The drive uses a technique called dynamic speed matching to adjust the tape drive native
data rate as closely as possible to the net host data rate (after data compressibility is factored
out). With speed matching, the drive operates at different speeds when it is reading or writing
the Ultrium 8 or Ultrium 7 cartridge format.
For more information about LTO-8 Half-High tape drives, see 2.4, “IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape
drives” on page 71.
8.3.2 Encryption
The IBM TS2900 tape library supports data encryption with LTO-8 Half-High SAS tape drives.
The following modes of encryption are supported:
򐂰 System Managed (available for AIX, Linux, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows)
򐂰 Library Managed (available for OS/400, i5/OS, AIX, Linux, HP-UX, Solaris, and Windows)
򐂰 Application Managed (IBM Spectrum Protect)

For LTO Ultrium 8, the Transparent LTO encryption feature is required for enabling encryption.
The IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager is required for enabling System Managed and
Library Managed encryption.
The installation of an Ultrium 8 tape drive with encryption might require code updates for
IBM Power Systems supported open systems devices drivers or storage management
software. An update of the open systems device drivers can be obtained from the Fix Central
download portal at this website:
For more information about Encryption, see 2.2.3, “LTO Ultrium tape encryption” on page 63.
8.3.3 IBM Spectrum Archive and LTFS

The TS2900 Models S8H, S7H, S6H, and S5H support IBM Spectrum Archive Library Edition
(LE) software.
IBM Spectrum Archive provides software to manage, monitor, archive, and restore files.
Linear Tape File System (LTFS) is the file system that works with the multiple partitioning that
is available on LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives and brings a new level of use and
portability to open systems tape storage.
This storage software helps to reduce complexity in data management and access time
through the enablement of a self-describing tape that includes a simple file index. IBM
Spectrum Archive and LTFS allow files and directories to be shown on the desktop, directory
listings, and drag-and-drop of files to and from tape. It also supports data exchange and has a
IBM Spectrum Archive LE allows cartridges in the TS2900 Autoloader to be mounted and
viewed as a single file system with the individual tape cartridge viewed as subdirectories
within the file system. It is the perfect solution for those in the Media and Entertainment
such as banking, scientific research, and government sectors.
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive LE and LTFS, see this website:

8.3.4 Notifications
The TS3200 has the following options available for sending notifications to the host:
򐂰 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) automatically sends an email that contains event
information to the email addresses that are specified whenever an event of a certain level
occurs.
򐂰 Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a set of protocols for managing complex
networks. SNMP works by sending messages that are called protocol data units (PDUs) to
various parts of a network. Agents, which are SNMP-compliant devices, store data about
themselves in Management Information Bases (MIBs) and return this data to the SNMP
requesters, such as the host’s monitoring application.
8.4 Physical attachments

The TS2900 tape autoloader is only available with a serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interface that
has a data rate of 6 Gbps.
8.4.1 SAS interface

The SAS Half-High tape drives that are installed into the TS2900 tape autoloader come with
one SFF-8088 interface, this interface is on the rear of the TS2900, above the power
connection. on the back of the TS2900tape drive as shown in Figure 8-3 on page 213. For
more information about SAS, see “Serial-attached SCSI history” on page 54.
Verify that the HBA of your server is supported. Check the IBM interoperability matrix at the
System Storage Interoperation Center (SSIC) page at this website:
8.5 Media
To ensure that the IBM Ultrium tape drive conforms to the IBM specifications for reliability, use
only IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges. Other LTO-certified data cartridges can be used, but
they might not meet the standards of reliability that are established by IBM.

The TS2900 tape autoloader with LTO-8 Half-High tape drives uses the Ultrium 8 data
cartridge. It has a native capacity of 12 TB, and compressed capacity of 30 TB with a 2.5:1
compression ratio. It uses a linear, serpentine recording format.

Table 8-1 shows the compatibility matrix among the seven types of Ultrium cartridges.

12 TB 9 TB 6 TB 2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB

(Ultrium 8) (Ultrium 7 (Ultrium 7) (Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3)
format M8)

LTO Ultrium generation 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 drives. You can enable the WORM feature by
upgrading to WORM-capable drive firmware and by using a special WORM tape cartridge.
number and the unique tape media serial number.
For more information about WORM media, see “WORM tape format” on page 42.

A specially labeled IBM LTO Universal Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge cleans the drive in your
library. The drive determines when it needs to be cleaned and notifies the library. When
notified, the library indicates that the drive needs cleaning by turning on the Clean Drive LED
on the front panel of the library and posting a message on the library display.
The TS2900 tape autoloader supports automatic cleaning and manual cleaning. The library
also can be configured for dedicated cleaning cartridge slots, which is achieved by reducing
the number of active slots. A reserved slot is not accessible to any host application. In fact,
the host has no knowledge that the slot even exists.
A reserved slot that contains a cleaning cartridge is referred to as a dedicated cleaning slot.
These slots can be used for automatic cleaning or for manual cleaning. To remove a cleaning
cartridge, move it to the I/O slot.
IBM Cleaning Cartridges are valid for 50 uses. The cartridge’s LTO-CM chip tracks the
number of times that the cartridge is used.
For more information about cleaning cartridges, see “Specifications for cleaning cartridges”
on page 50.

8.5.4 Cartridge Memory chip
Memory (LTO-CM) chip that contains information about the cartridge and the tape (such as
the name of the manufacturer that created the tape), and statistical information about the
cartridge’s use.
The LTO-CM also helps determine the reliability of the cartridge by storing data about its age,
how many times it was loaded, and how many errors it accumulated. Whenever a tape
cartridge is unloaded, the tape drive writes any pertinent information to the cartridge memory.
For more information about the LTO-CM, see “Cartridge memory” on page 47.
8.6 Specifications
The technical specifications of the TS2900 are described next.

Table 8-2 lists the physical specifications for the TS2900 tape autoloader.
Table 8-2 Physical specifications for the TS2900 tape autoloader

Parameter Measurement
Front panel width (chassis/bezel) 445 mm (17.52 in.)/483 mm (19.02 in.)
Depth 850 mm (33.3 in.)
Height 43.6 mm (1.7 in.)
Weight (library only) 13 kg (28.66 lbs)

Table 8-3 lists the power specifications for the tape autoloader.
Table 8-3 Power specifications for the TS2900 tape autoloader

Parameter Measurement
Voltage 100 - 240 Vac.
Frequency 50 - 60 Hz
Power consumption 110 W

8.7 Feature codes
Table 8-4 lists the available feature codes for the TS2900 tape autoloader.
Table 8-4 Feature codes for the TS2900 tape autoloader

5402 2.0 m SAS/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
5502 2.0 m Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
5507 4m Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS 1X Cable
5901 Transparent LTO Encryption
7006 3572 Rack Mount Kit with Device to PDU line cord
7010 3572 Deskside Covers
7703 OEM - No IBM Logo
8002 Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge L1 UCC
8067 TAA Compliant
8111 3572 Additional Magazine
9400 Attached to i5/OS or IBM OS/400 System
9600 Attached to AIX System
For more information, see the TS2900 tape autoloader model website at:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/tape/ts2900/index.html

9
Chapter 9. IBM TS4300 tape library

The latest library from IBM, the IBM TS4300 tape library (Model 3555), is a highly expandable
IBM Ultrium library that supports LTO 8, 7, and 6 drives. Starting with one 3U base module
(Model L3A), you can add up to six expansion modules (Model E3A) in the same rack, giving
a maximum capacity of 280 LTO cartridges, and up to 3.3 PB of data storage. The TS4300
base module can also be used as a table top library, as long as no further capacity expansion
is required.
The base unit of the TS4300 tape library can accommodate either up to three Ultrium
half-high tape drives, one Ultrium full-high, or a combination of one Ultrium full-high plus one
Ultrium half high tape drive. SAS and Fibre Channel drives can both be installed. It can also
hold up to 40 data cartridge slots in two removable magazines, including a standard
five-cartridge I/O station. Other standard features include a 240 x 128 Monochrome control
panel with a front USB port, a 10/100/1000 Ethernet Port, and a high-speed bar code reader.
On its maximum configuration of one base unit and six expansions, the TS4300 tape library
can accommodate up to 21 Ultrium half-high tape drives, seven Ultrium full-high tape drives,
or a combination of both based on the drive form factor. The space needed for one full-height
drive equals two half-height drives.
Product description
򐂰 9.2, “Library expansion” on page 226
򐂰 9.3, “Front panel components” on page 228
򐂰 9.4, “Rear panel components” on page 231
򐂰 9.5, “Interior components” on page 235
򐂰 9.6, “Optional features” on page 236
򐂰 9.7, “Library management” on page 238
򐂰 9.8, “Multipath architecture” on page 249
򐂰 9.9, “Working with logical libraries” on page 250
򐂰 9.11, “Supported environments” on page 256

The IBM TS4300 tape library is a modular, vertically scalable library design offering with the
following features and support:
򐂰 A 3-U rack-mounted L3A base module that provides up to three Half-High IBM Ultrium
LTO-8, 7, or 6, or one Full-High and one Half-High Ultrium LTO-8, 7, or 6 tape drives, up to
40 storage slots, and up to five I/O slots.
򐂰 Installation of up to six 3-U E3A expansion modules in each library, each of which provides
three Half-High IBM Ultrium LTO-8, 7, or 6, or one Full-High and one Half-High Ultrium
LTO-8, 7, or 6 tape drives, up to 40 storage slots, up to five of which you can optionally
configure as I/O slots.
򐂰 IBM Ultrium 8 tape drive support for 8 Gbps Fibre Channel or 6 Gbps SAS tape drives,
which can be mixed in the physical library.
򐂰 Support for remote management through a web interface. Local management is done
through a black and white Operator Control Panel and buttons.
򐂰 Data security and regulatory compliance through support for library-managed encryption
(LME) and WORM media on LTO Ultrium 8, 7, and 6 tape drives.
򐂰 IBM patented multi-path architecture with logical library support to share the library
between multiple homogeneous or heterogeneous systems or applications.
򐂰 Supports media partitioning and self-describing tape with IBM Spectrum Archive Library
Edition (LE) and Enterprise Edition (EE) enabling Linear Tape File System (LTFS)
software.
򐂰 Supports the use of Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP) on key
management servers, including sKLM for z/OS Encryption (IBM IPP).
򐂰 Support for a wide range of systems including IBM Power Systems (p6 and newer), IBM
System p (p5 and earlier), pSeries, System x, xSeries, System i, iSeries, Intel, and Oracle.
򐂰 A bar code reader.
򐂰 Support of Sequential mode logical library configuration.
Note: Ultrium 5 and earlier drives are not supported in the TS4300 library.
Optionally, you can install the following features:

򐂰 Path failover for control paths and data paths
򐂰 LTO Lib Managed Encryption
򐂰 Redundant power supplies for each module
򐂰 Rack mounting kit

A fully expanded TS4300 tape library today occupies 21U of rack space and a potential
maximum of 280 storage slots with the following storage:
򐂰 3.3 PB of storage on Ultrium 8 media at native capacity (8.4 PB at a 2.5:1 compression
ratio)
򐂰 1680 TB of storage on Ultrium 7 media at native capacity (4.2 PB at a 2.5:1 compression
ratio)
򐂰 700 TB of storage on Ultrium 6 media at native capacity (1.75 PB at a 2.5:1 compression
ratio)
All configurations require one TS4300 tape library Model L3A base module. Expansion is
provided through the addition of the TS4300 tape library Model E3A expansion modules.
The TS4300 tape library supports all the following encryption methods:
򐂰 Application-managed encryption is available at no charge
򐂰 Library-managed encryption by using FC 9500
9.1.1 TS4300 tape library Model L3A (Machine Type 3555)

The base module (as shown in Figure 9-1) offers the following standard features:
򐂰 A library control module with a remote management interface.
򐂰 40 storage slots per module.
򐂰 Up to five I/O slots, configurable as storage slots if the library is expanded or if an I/O
station is not required.
򐂰 A black and white Operator Control Panel for local management.
򐂰 Cartridge handling robotics and bar code reader.
򐂰 Support for logical libraries.
򐂰 Up to three Ultrium 8, 7, or 6 Half-High tape drives, or one Full-High and one Half-High
Ultrium 8, 7, or 6 tape drive.
򐂰 A power supply unit (PSU). A second PSU is optionally available for redundancy.
򐂰 Enablement of path failover for control paths and data paths through a chargeable license.
The TS4300 L3A base module front view is shown in Figure 9-1.
Figure 9-1 Front view of TS4300 L3A base module
Chapter 9. IBM TS4300 tape library 225

9.1.2 TS4300 tape library Model E3A (Machine Type 3555)
The expansion module (as shown in Figure 11-2) offers the following features:
򐂰 40 storage slots per module.
򐂰 Up to five I/O slots, configurable as storage slots if the library is expanded or if an I/O
station is not required.
򐂰 Up to three Ultrium 8, 7, or 6 Half-High tape drives, or one Full-High and one Half-High
Ultrium 8, 7, or 6 tape drive.
򐂰 A PSU. A second optional PSU is available for redundancy.
The TS4300 E3A expansion module front view is shown in Figure 9-2.
Figure 9-2 Front view of TS4300 E3A expansion module
9.2 Library expansion

As described earlier in this chapter, the base library can be easily scaled up with the addition
of expansion modules. The TS4300 tape library uses a single robust flow-through design
robotic system to access all drives and media. The design does not use complex
pass-through ports or elevator systems, which removes the need for expensive duplication of
robotics and control electronics with each library expansion. It also results in more reliable
library operations.
Expansion modules can be installed above or below the base module. This process takes
approximately an hour to complete. When multiple expansion modules are used, they can be
installed around the base module, if preferred. However, keep the base module at a
convenient access height for access to the control panel. A full TS4300 library consists of
three expansion modules on the top, then a base module, and three expansion modules on
the bottom. I/O station slots can be configured in both base and expansion modules,
depending on your preference.
Note: I/O station slots and drives are dedicated to logical libraries and are not shared. It is
important to consider this factor when planning logical libraries for the TS4300.
For more information about the preferred library configuration setup, see IBM TS4300 Tape
Library Machine Type 3555 Users Guide, SC27-4629.
Tip: Consider leaving a minimum clearance of 6 inches above the library for Service
Clearance.

Figure 9-3 shows the TS4300 expansion path. The addition of each expansion module
provides another 40 storage slots.
Figure 9-3 TS4300 tape library expansion path
You can configure the I/O slots in each module to operate as I/O slots or storage slots. This
method provides a high degree of flexibility. For example, in a library configuration of one L3A
base unit and one E3A expansion unit, the following combinations are possible:
򐂰 No I/O slots (slots will become available for storage slots)
򐂰 A total of 5 I/O slots (all in the base module)
򐂰 A total of 10 I/O slots (that use the slots in the base module and the expansion module)
Expansion of the TS4300 tape library is granular and highly configurable. Table 9-1 lists the
configuration options that are available as the base module expands. The cartridge accessor
mechanism cannot access the bottom row of cartridge slots in the library.
Table 9-1 TS4300 tape library configuration

Library Number of available I/O Number of accessible storage slots Total
configuration station slots slots
3U library (base 0, 5 40, 35 40

module only)
6U library (base 0, 5, 10 80, 75, 70 80

module and
expansion)
9U library (base 0, 5, 10, 15 120, 115, 110, 105 120

library and two
expansions)
12U library (base 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 160, 155, 150, 145, 140 160
library and three
expansions)
15U library (base 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 200, 195, 190, 185, 180, 175 200
library and four
expansions)

Library Number of available I/O Number of accessible storage slots Total
configuration station slots slots
18U library (base 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 240, 235, 230, 225, 220, 215, 210 240
library and five
expansions)
21U library (base 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 280, 275, 270, 265, 260, 255, 250, 245 280
library and six
expansions)
Note: It is possible to disable all I/O stations in the TS4300, and use all the I/O slots as
storage slots. In this case, a bulk cartridge load of the library is required, and any
subsequent imports/exports of cartridges cause the library to be taken offline during the
process.
9.3 Front panel components

Figure 9-4 shows the front view of a TS4300 tape library with a base module and expansion
module on top. The access door (top cover) is on the top of the library to allow access to the
interior of the library. The expansion module is shown with its I/O station open, ready for the
import of cartridges. The front panel of the base module contains the Operator Control Panel
and associated buttons to the right, power button, and magazine buttons.
Figure 9-4 Front view of a TS4300 6U library configuration

9.3.1 I/O station and magazine
Figure 9-5 shows the right side I/O station and magazine door.
Figure 9-5 I/O door and Magazine
I/O stations are on the right side of the front panel of the library to enable the inserting and
removing of cartridges without interrupting normal library operations. An expansion module’s
I/O station has a capacity of up to five cartridges.
Individual I/O station elements cannot be shared between logical libraries. Importing or
exporting cartridges in a logical library without an assigned I/O station requires magazine
access, which takes the whole library offline.
When an operator places cartridges in the I/O station and closes it, the library scans the slots
to update the library inventory. Cartridges should then be moved to storage slot locations by
using the Web User Interface (Web UI) or your backup application. Using the Web UI,
cartridges can be moved from one logical library’s I/O station slot to a storage slot in another
logical library. However, a warning alert box is shown and the action must be confirmed.
To unlock the I/O station, click Library → Modules and Magazines → Actions → Unlock
I/O Station from the management interface. The station can then be opened by pulling on the
magazine access handle. The magazine I/O button LED will indicate status of the I/O and
magazine, as shown in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2 Magazine state

Magazine state LED state Description
Closed Steady ON I/O station is enabled
Closed Slow Flash Magazine open is in process
Closed Fast Flash Magazine is opened
Closed OFF I/O station is not enabled
Opened OFF Magazine is opened

Note: Using the management interface to open the I/O station times out after 30 seconds.
To manually open the I/O station after timeout, press the magazine button for less than
3 seconds and then open using the handle. To open the entire magazine, press the
magazine button for more than 3 seconds.
Careful planning for logical libraries, including I/O station elements and cartridge drives,
should be performed before configuration of the library occurs. Consideration should be given
to media import and export operations during this planning phase.
9.3.2 Access door

Each TS4300 base module and expansion module has a top cover that allows access to the
internal components of the library. This top cover is released by using two screwdrivers to
depress small button clips near the front of the cover.
When the top cover is removed, all in-progress motion commands stop and the library is
taken offline. When the top cover is replaced, the library returns any media in the accessor to
its original storage slot.
Attention: Do not override the top cover switch because this action might result in
accessor mechanism damage.
9.3.3 Operator control panel

The Operator Control Panel (OCP) consists of a black and white display and buttons on the
front of the base module. Library operations, configuration, and service functions are
performed from this display and its associated buttons.
The OCP has a power button, an LCD display, six navigation buttons, and five LEDs. With the
OCP, you can monitor, configure, and operate most library functions from the library front
panel. To use the OCP, use the six navigation buttons (up/down, left/right, Enter, Back).
The Web UI offers part of the same functionality as the operator window from a web browser,
which enables remote access to the library.
9.3.4 Power button

Pressing the power button on the front panel of a control module turns the library on or off.
However, with the power button in the off position, power is still applied to the power supplies.
The power button is used during library shutdown and to manually restart the library.
9.3.5 Front panel LEDs

Figure 9-6 on page 231 shows the row of LEDs on the front of the library to the right of the
power button:
򐂰 Green: Ready LED. Steady when power is on, flashing with tape Ready drive or library
robotic activity.
򐂰 Blue: Unit ID LED. The unit identification (UID) LEDs are controlled by the user through the
OCP Maintenance → UID LED control panel.

The UIDs on the OCP and base module back panel are activated and deactivated
together. In addition, UIDs on drives and expansion module back panels can be activated
separately. The UIDs are helpful for locating components of the library in a Data Center.
򐂰 Amber: Clean LED. On when a tape drive clean operation is recommended.
򐂰 Amber: Attention LED. Flashing if the library has detected a condition for which user
attention is necessary, but the library can still complete most operations.
򐂰 Amber: Error LED. On, if an unrecoverable tape drive or library error occurs. A
corresponding error message is displayed on the LCD panel. User intervention is required
because the library is not capable of completing some operations.
Figure 9-6 Front panel LEDs
9.4 Rear panel components

Figure 9-7 shows the rear view of a 6U (one base module and one expansion module)
TS4300 library and its major components. On the right side of the library, you can see the
expansion cable which connects the base module library controller to the expansion module.
Subsequent expansion modules are also “daisy-chained” together in this way.
Figure 9-7 Rear panel view of 6U library

9.4.1 Library Controller
The Library Controller manages the entire library, including the operator panel and accessor.
It is responsible for running system tests to ensure that the library functions properly. The
Library Controller stores vital product data (VPD), such as library settings and the library
serial number.
The Library Controller indicates status with three vertically positioned LEDs. The color of the
LED identifies the area of the component that is reported. They are, from top to bottom, as
follows:
򐂰 Green: Ready LED. Library in Ready Status and operating properly
򐂰 Amber: Error LED. Library in Error Status and the controller has a hardware issue
򐂰 Blue: Unit ID LED. The UID LEDs are controlled by the user through the maintenance
panel. The UIDs are helpful for locating components of the library in a Data Center
9.4.2 Tape drives

The TS4300 library supports Half-High SAS and Fibre Channel, and Fibre Channel Full-High,
Ultrium 8, 7, and 6 drives. Ultrium 5 and earlier drives are not supported in the TS4300. Tape
drives are hot-addable, which mean the library power remains on and operations of the
existing tape drives are still active. Drives can be removed and installed without tools. The
drive sleds are customer-replaceable units (CRU).
Drives are mounted in sleds that are installed into tape drive slots in the rear of the library. If a
tape drive slot is empty, a metal plate covers the empty drive slots to prevent any debris from
entering the library.
Important: If you install Full-High Fibre Channel drives in the TS4300, they must be in the
lowest drive position. In this case, another Half-High drive can be installed above it, if
wanted.
TS4300 tape library Ultrium 8 models

The following models are available for the TS3200 tape library:
򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKP specifies an IBM Ultrium 8 Full-High Fibre Channel tape
drive. The Ultrium 8 Fibre Channel drive has a dual-port 8 Gbps Fibre Channel interface
that can be connected to Fibre Channel host adapters. The Ultrium 8 tape drive has a
native data transfer rate of 360 MBps.
򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKN specifies an IBM Ultrium 8 Half-High tape drive that has an
SAS interface and a native data transfer rate of up to 6 Gbps. The SAS Ultrium 8 tape
drive comes with dual-port Mini-SAS (SFF-8088) interfaces. The Ultrium 8 tape drive
provides a sustained native data transfer rate of 300 MBps.
򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKM specifies an IBM Ultrium 8 Half-High Fibre Channel tape
drive. The Ultrium 8 Fibre Channel drive has a single port 8 Gbps Fibre Channel interface

򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKL specifies an IBM Ultrium 7 Full-High Fibre Channel tape
򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKK specifies an IBM Ultrium 7 Half-High tape drive that has an
򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKJ specifies an IBM Ultrium 7 Half-High Fibre Channel tape

򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKH specifies an IBM Ultrium 6 Full-High Fibre Channel tape
򐂰 The 3555-L3A feature AGKG specifies an IBM Ultrium 7 Half-High tape drive that has an
򐂰 The 3573-L4U feature AGKF specifies an IBM Ultrium 6 Half-High Fibre Channel tape

Figure 9-8 shows the back of an LTO-8 Full-High FC tape drive, LTO-8 HH FC tape drive, and
LTO-8 HH SAS drive.
Figure 9-8 Back side of the LTO-8 Full-High FC tape drive
Tip: When connecting, Fibre Channel tape drives are connected to a Fibre Channel host
bus adapter (HBA) on the host server. Ensure that the Fibre Channel Tape Support option
is enabled on the Fibre Channel HBA so that proper class 3 error recovery is performed on
the Fibre Channel. For more information about how to set this option, see the HBA
manufacturer instructions.
9.4.3 Power supply

The library supports single and redundant power configurations. Each TS4300 base or
expansion module has an upper and lower power supply. A single power configuration has a
power supply that is installed in the upper slot of each library module. A redundant power
configuration has power supplies that are installed in both upper and lower slots of each
library module.
When two power supplies are used in a single module, the power load is spread evenly over
both power supplies. If one of the power supplies fails, the power load is drawn entirely from
the functioning power supply.

The single configuration has a single AC line input and a single DC power supply. The
optional redundant configuration has dual AC line input and dual DC power supplies. A power
supply can be hot-swapped if the library has a redundant power supply, and a redundant
power supply can be hot added.
Note: There are no power switches on the power supplies on the back of the modules. The
library should be powered down by using the power button on the base module and
following the prompts. Except in emergency situations, use the shutdown procedure before
removing power to the modules.
The power system of the library contains the following components:

򐂰 Power Supply Unit
򐂰 An AC power cord
The power supply has two LEDs that provide status information. The LEDs, which are to the
right of the power cord, are green and white and indicate the following conditions:
򐂰 White Upper LED: AC power is connected
򐂰 Green Lower LED: Module powered ON
9.5 Interior components

Storage columns and the robotic system are in the body of the library.
9.5.1 Storage columns

Storage columns within the library store the tape cartridges while they are not loaded in a
drive.
Figure 9-9 shows an example of the TS4300 tape library storage columns in the base model.
The library contains four storage columns and the I/O Station, when configured, is in the
upper right corner of the photo. Drives are visible in the center left side of the photo.
Figure 9-9 TS4300 tape library storage columns

9.5.2 Robotic system
The TS4300 robotic system includes the Y-axis assembly that houses the Y motor, which is
attached to the carrier, and the bar code scanner. The climber moves the robotic system
within the library. The accessor (robotic arm) has finger-like mechanisms that it uses to grab
tape cartridges and move them to and from the I/O station, storage slots, and drives.
The bar code scanner reads each cartridge bar code label and the fiducial labels that identify
the types of cartridge magazines and tape drives that are installed in the library.
Figure 9-10 shows the robot accessor in the center of the photo, and the robotic lock lever for
transportation at the right side. Also visible above and below the accessor are the magazines
that contain storage slots, and on the upper right side are the I/O slots if configured.
Figure 9-10 TS4300 robotic accessor
9.6 Optional features

The TS4300 tape library is highly configurable and enhanced functionality is available through
the provision of optional features.
9.6.1 IBM Ultrium tape drives

The TS4300 tape library allows the following tape drive options:
򐂰 UItrium LTO-8 6 Gbps SAS Half-High drive
򐂰 Ultrium LTO-8 8 Gbps Fibre Channel Half and Full High drives
UItrium LTO-5 technology and earlier drives are not supported in the TS4300 library.
For more information, see Chapter 2, “Overview of IBM LTO Ultrium tape drives” on page 37.

The IBM Ultrium tape drive contains the electronics and logic for reading and writing data,
controlling the tape drive, managing the data buffer, and handling error recovery procedures.
It is a CRU and can easily be replaced if necessary.
Table 9-3 shows a comparison of some features and characteristics of the UItrium LTO 8, 7,
and 6 tape drives.
Table 9-3 Characteristics and features

Characteristics and features Ultrium 8 tape drive Ultrium 7 tape drive Ultrium 6 tape drive
Native data rate 360 MBps (FH FC) 300 MBps (FH FC) 160 MBps (FH FC)
300 MBps (HH FC) 300 MBps (HH FC) 160 MBps (HH FC)
300 MBps (SAS) 300 MBps (SAS) 160 MBps (SAS)
(with Ultrium 8 media) (with Ultrium 7 media) (with Ultrium 6 media)
Cartridge compatibility LTO-8 read/write LTO-7 read/write LTO-6 read/write

Ultrium and Ultrium WORM LTO-7 read/write M8 LTO-6 read/write LTO-5 read/write
format media LTO-5 read only LTO-4 read only
LTO-7 read/write
Cartridge capacity 12 TB/30 TB using LTO-8 6 TB/15 TB using LTO-7 2.5 TB/6.25 TB using
native/compressed media media LTO-6 media
9 TB/22.5 TB using M8
format media
Speed matching support Yes Yes Yes
Channel calibration Yes Yes Yes
Giant magneto-resistive head No Yes Yes
Tunneling Magnetoresistive Yes No No

(TMR) head technology
9.6.2 Redundant power supply

The service representative can hot swap the optional redundant configuration power supplies
(FC1900) without interrupting library operation. Each supply in a control module and
expansion module includes its own input AC power cord. During redundant operation, each
supply carries half the power load. If a power cord or power supply fails, the second supply
provides the complete power load. Optionally, you can install a single power supply and
power cord if redundant power is not required.
The second power supply slot is physically covered in this configuration. The library can be
upgraded to redundant power later. If the configuration consists of the base model and
expansion units, if a second power supply is added to one model, it should also be added to
the other model.
9.6.3 Rack mounting kit

This feature (FC7002) provides the necessary rack mount hardware to mount the TS4300
Tape Library in a standard 19-inch equipment rack. Three EIA units are required. The feature
(FC9848) Rack to PDU Line Cord must be ordered with the rack mount kit.

9.6.4 Feature code previews
For more information about available feature codes, see the optional features section of IBM
TS4300 IBM Knowledge Center:
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/STAKKZ/ts4300_kc/3U_kchome.html
LTO Lib Managed Encryption (FC5900)

TS4300 tape libraries support data encryption on the base drive with LTO-8, 7, 6, 5, and 4
media meeting LTO Generation 8 and 7 media specifications and AME. LME is supported by
the LTO LME feature number 5900. IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager (SKLM) V1 or later is
required with this feature.
Path failover (FC1682)

The path failover feature ensures the use of a redundant communication path when the
primary path fails. Two types of path failover capabilities exist: Control Path Failover (CPF)
and Data Path Failover (DPF).
Control Path Failover

A control path is a logical path into the library through which a server sends standard SCSI
medium changer commands to control the logical library. Other control paths reduce the
possibility that failure in one control path causes the entire library to be unavailable. Use of
the Control Path Failover feature further reduces that possibility.
Control path failover is configured on the host device driver. The device driver is controlling
failover for the host. For more information and about how to configure this function, see IBM
Tape Device Drivers Installation and User’s Guide, GC27-2130.
Data Path Failover

Data Path Failover provides a failover mechanism in the IBM device driver with which you can
configure multiple redundant paths in a SAN environment. If a path or component failure
occurs, the failover mechanism automatically provides error recovery to try the current
operation again by using an alternative, preconfigured path without stopping the current job in
progress. This feature provides flexibility in SAN configuration, availability, and management.
Data path failover is configured on the host device driver. The device driver is controlling
failover for the host. For more information and about how to configure this function, see IBM
Tape Device Drivers Installation and User’s Guide, GC27-2130.
9.7 Library management

The library includes the following interfaces for management:
򐂰 Operator Control Panel (OCP) for local management
򐂰 Web UI for remote management through the network
The operator panel is on the front of the base library module. With the Operator Control
Panel, operators can work locally on the library by using the touch panel. With the web UI,
you can view and perform several library functions from remote sites.

9.7.1 Operator Control Panel
The Operator Control Panel is on the front panel of the base module with its associated
buttons to the right side. To access the menus, you must first log in by using the panel and
buttons. The first display that is shown is the main panel, as shown in Figure 9-11 on
page 239.
The main panel provides four menu options:

򐂰 Operation menu: Consists of commands Move Cartridge from Drive to Home Slot and
Move Cartridge
򐂰 Configuration menu: Consists of configuration commands that you can use to initially
configure the library, set date and time, set network configuration, work with user accounts
and reset the library
򐂰 Maintenance menu: Provides submenus for Library Tests, Viewing Problem Tickets, Drive
and Library Firmware Upgrades, and LCD adjustments.
򐂰 Status Menu: Provides submenus for viewing status of Network Settings, Library, and
Drives
򐂰 Logout: Provides a logout option from the operator panel
Figure 9-11 Main panel on the Operator Control Panel
These functions are described in Table 9-4.
Table 9-4 Operator control panel index

Index Description
1 Left magazine button, used to unlock left magazine.
2 Power button, used to power off and on the library.
3 Front panel LEDs, see 9.3.5, “Front panel LEDs” on page 230.
4 Operator Panel display, this is not a touchscreen. Use buttons to control menu.
5 USB port Base Module only.

Index Description
6 Right magazine button, used to open I/O and right storage magazine. To open the I/O
station, press the magazine button for less than 3 seconds. To open the entire magazine,
press the magazine button for more than 3 seconds.
7 Navigation Up button, to move option on panel up.
8 Navigation Right button, to move option on panel right.
9 Navigation Left button, to move option on panel left.
10 Navigation Sown button, to move option on panel down.
11 Enter button, used to select option on panel.
12 Back/Return button.
Note: The panel is used for basic initial setup and limited operational functions. Use the
Web user interface to perform complex functions, such as media moves.
9.7.2 Web user interface

The Web UI is accessible from a web browser. The logon window is shown in Figure 9-12. To
manage the library by using the Web UI, you must set up the initial network configuration of
the library from the Operator Control Panel.
To log in, you need the following initial login information:

򐂰 User: administrator
򐂰 Password: adm001
Figure 9-12 TS4300 Web UI Logon Screen

Web UI dashboard window
When you log on to the TS4300 Web UI, you are first taken to the Dashboard window, as
shown in Figure 9-13.
Figure 9-13 Web UI dashboard window
Recent library activity is shown in the center of the window, and on the right side is a graphical
representation of the configuration of your TS4300 library.
Down the left side, the following Web UI icons are shown:
򐂰 Dashboard: The following options are available under this icon:
– Dashboard: Shows the dashboard window.
– Modules and Magazines: Shows the configuration and status of the library modules
and the magazines and allows them to be managed.
– Logical Libraries: Shows the configuration and status of the logical libraries and allows
them to be managed.
– Events: Shows active events such as errors, and allows them to be managed.
򐂰 Drives and Ports: Shows drive and port status and configuration, and allows them to be
managed.
򐂰 Cartridges and Slots: Shows the cartridges in the storage and I/O station slots and allows
them to be managed.
򐂰 Users: Allows users of the library to be managed.

򐂰 Settings: The following options are available under this icon:
– Library: Allows features such as date / time and licensed features to be set up.
– Network: Allows configuration of the Ethernet ports and DHCP settings.
– Notifications: Allows configuration of the SMTP and SNMP settings.
– Security: Allows configuration of encryption and LDAP remote authentication.
These icons are shown on each window of the Web UI to allow you to quickly navigate and
administer the functions of the library and drives.
Figure 9-14 shows the Web UI Modules and Magazines window.
Figure 9-14 Web UI Modules and Magazines window

The Web UI Logical Libraries window is shown in Figure 9-15.
Figure 9-15 Web UI Logical Libraries window
The Web UI Events window is shown in Figure 9-16.
Figure 9-16 Web UI Events window

The Web UI Drives and Ports window is shown in Figure 9-17. This window shows the
installed drives, and their serial numbers, interface information, and status.
Figure 9-17 Web UI Drives and Ports window
The Web UI Cartridges and Slots window is shown in Figure 9-18. This window shows the
cartridges inside the library, and their slot locations, UItrium LTO generation, and which
logical library they belong to.
Figure 9-18 Web UI Cartridges and Slots window

Figure 9-19 shows the Web UI Users window, where you can add, delete, and modify User
privileges.
Figure 9-19 Web UI Users window
User privileges
User privilege levels are manually assigned to user accounts that are created within the
library. Controlling access to windows and operations within the library preserves the integrity
of the library and the data that is stored in the library.
The following types of user roles are available in the library:

򐂰 Administrator: Users are allowed access to the entire physical library and all of its logical
libraries.
򐂰 Superuser: Users have same access rights as the Administrator role, except the ability to
access the User and most of the Security pages.
򐂰 Monitor: Users are allowed to access library status information, but are not allowed access
to configuration, maintenance, or operation features.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol support

Local authentication control is managed on the library. An administrator sets up accounts and
privileges on the library. To use local authentication, a user must enter a local user name and
password.
Remote authentication is managed by a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

server. Enabling LDAP allows existing user accounts that are on an LDAP server to be
integrated into the library’s current user account management subsystem. User account
information is centralized and shared by different applications, which simplifies user account
management tasks.
Administrative users can configure and enable LDAP. After LDAP is enabled, users can
access the library with LDAP or local authentication. To use LDAP authentication, a user
must enter a directory service user name and password and specify an LDAP domain. To use
local authentication, a user must enter only a local user name and password.

Administrative users can add, delete, and modify only local user account information. The
library web client and operator panel do not allow you to create, modify, or delete user
account information about an LDAP server. This procedure must be done by the directory
service provider. For more information about LDAP user accounts, see your server
documentation.
Figure 9-20 shows the TS4300 LDAP configuration window.
Figure 9-20 TS4300 LDAP configuration window
9.7.3 Encryption
With the TS4300 tape library, encryption is managed at the logical library level. All drives that
are assigned to a logical library use the same method of encryption. The rules for setting up
encryption differ whether you use LME or application-managed encryption (AME).
The encryption enabled drive contains the necessary hardware and firmware to encrypt and
decrypt host tape application data. Encryption policy and encryption keys are provided by the
host application or host server. A drive digital certificate is installed at manufacturing time.
Each drive receives a unique serial number and certificate. The application might validate
each drive instance by checking the drive's digital certificate.
For more information about how to set up encryption on the TS4300 tape library, see IBM
TS4300 Tape Library Machine Type 3555 User’s Guide, SC27-4629.
Encryption requires the latest device drivers, which are available at this website:
For more information, see 2.2, “Tape encryption overview” on page 59.
Application-managed encryption
The application-managed tape encryption method is best in operating environments that run
an application that can already generate and manage encryption policies and keys, such as
IBM Spectrum Protect. Policies that specify when encryption is to be used are defined
through the application interface. The policies and keys pass through the data path between
the application layer and the encryption-capable tape drives.

AME requires no license key to implement.
Library-managed encryption
Key generation and management are performed by the key manager, which is a Java
application that is running on a library-attached host. The keys pass through the
library-to-drive interface. IBM SKLM V1.0, V2.0, or V3.0 is required for enabling LME.
Feature code 5900, LTO Library Managed Encryption, is required if using LME and the latest
FW version.
Key Management Interoperability Protocol

The IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager server v2.6 and later supports KMIP communication
with clients for key management operations on cryptographic material.
The Key Management Interoperability Protocol is part of an Organization for the

Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) standardization project for
encryption of stored data and cryptographic key management.
For more information, see Key Management Interoperability Protocol documentation:

http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=kmip
You can configure the use of KMIP key management servers with the TS4300 library. This
process requires FC5900, LTO Library Managed Encryption. Setup is described in the
TS4300 section of IBM Knowledge Center:
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/STAKKZ/con_3U_config_KMIP.html#con_
3U_config_KMIP
Note: If self-signed certificates are failing in SKLM 2.7.0, but working in 2.6.0.3 then make
the following change in the properties file on the sKLM server and then restart the sKLM
server to pick up the configuration change:
TransportListener.ssl.protocols from SSL_TLS to SSL_TLSv2
For more information, see the following IBM Support web page:
http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22013343
Note: If sKLM 2.7 is used, ensure that Library Code 1.1.1.2-A00 or higher is installed. After
you install this Library Code from an older version of Library Code, you must “Clear all
Wizard Settings” and start the configuration process again.
sKLM for z/OS Encryption (IBM IPP)

This option provides a second way of setting up encryption on this Library, besides only KMIP.
This option will use the IBM IPP encryption code.
You can have a mixed combination of Logical Libraries in this library using either KMIP or
sKLM for z/OS Encryption.
Note: At this time there is no KPD test option.
Encrypted tapes can be interchanged between the two Encryption Options, i.e. written on
KMIP and be read on IBM IPP and vice-versa.

To configure go to the Library menu and complete the following steps:
1. Go to Logical Libraries. Select Actions; then, select Manage SKLM for z/OS encryption.
2. Enter the IP address and the port of the SKLM z/OS server. Then, click Modify.
3. Return to Actions and select Manage Logical Library (Expert Mode).
4. In the Expert Logical Library Wizard window, click General Settings.
5. Next to Encryption Mode, choose Library Managed Encryption (SKLM for z/OS)
(Licensed).
6. Click Next. Then, click Finish Configuration.
A message appears when the Logical Library was successfully enabled for SKLM for
z/OS.
7. Click Settings → Security → Encryption. The Security Encryption Status and the
Logical Library Encryption Status shows Library Managed Encryption (SKLM for z/OS) as
Enabled.
Figure 9-21 shows a configuration example of z/OS encryption configuration.
Figure 9-21 Configuring z/OS Encryption
Note: sKLM for z/OS Encryption currently has no test connection option.
9.7.4 Notifications
The TS4300 has the following options that are available for sending notifications to the host:
򐂰 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) automatically sends an email that contains event
information to the email addresses that is specified whenever an event of a certain level
occurs.
򐂰 Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a set of protocols for managing complex
networks. SNMP works by sending messages that are called protocol data units (PDUs) to
various parts of a network. Agents are SNMP-compliant devices that store data about
themselves in Management Information Bases (MIBs). They return this data to the SNMP
requesters, such as the host’s monitoring application.

The TS4300 mib file is part of the installed FW file and can be downloaded by clicking
Settings → Notifications → SNMP → Download MIB file.
򐂰 Remote Logging (rsyslog)
Rsyslog allows sending library events to a remote syslog server.
9.8 Multipath architecture

With a multipath architecture, multiple systems can share the robotics of a library without
middleware or a dedicated server (host) acting as a library manager. The library is controlled
through the same physical connection as the connection that is used for the tape drives. By
using multipath architecture, more control paths and data paths can be configured for any one
logical library.
Multipath architecture has the following benefits:

򐂰 Eliminates the need for a separate dedicated control path to the library, which removes a
single point of failure.
򐂰 Allows for Control Path Failover. If one control path is lost, for example because of a tape
drive hardware failure, the library can still operate through a different path without the need
for manual intervention.
򐂰 Allows for Data Path Failover. For example, if access to a drive by using one HBA is lost, a
separate path can be used without the need for manual intervention.
򐂰 Allows the library to be partitioned into multiple logical libraries. Each system that is
connected to the library (through the tape drives) considers that it has access to an entire
library (rather than merely part of a physical library) and is unaware that the robotics are
shared.
Multipath architecture is compliant with SCSI and Fibre Channel interfaces. The library is
certified for SAN solutions, such as LAN-free backup.
9.8.1 Using multiple control paths

In addition to creating multiple logical libraries, any logical library can be configured to have
more than one control path. When more control paths are configured, more library sharing
configurations and availability options are made possible. Access to the logical library is on a
first-come, first-served basis. Each control path for a logical library can accept commands
while the library is in use by another control path.
To add or remove control paths, use the Web UI. For a particular logical library, you can
enable as many control paths as there are drives in that logical library.
9.8.2 Using multiple control paths for Control Path Failover

Command failures and time outs are costly. You want your library to run smoothly and
efficiently. To ensure continued processing, the library offers an optional Control Path Failover
feature. By using this feature, the host device driver can resend the command to an
alternative control path for the same logical library.
With Control Path Failover installed, the alternative control path can include another HBA,
SAN, or library control path drive. The device driver initiates error recovery and continues the
operation on the alternative control path without interrupting the application. AIX, Linux,

Solaris, HP-UX, and Windows hosts are supported for this feature, which can be installed by
the client.
For more information about how to configure and use the Control Path Failover feature, see
IBM Tape Device Driver Installation and Users Guide, GC27-2130, which is available at the
IBM Fix Central web page:
9.8.3 Using multiple data paths for Data Path Failover

Data Path Failover and load balancing support native Fibre Channel Ultrium 8, 7, and 6 tape
drives in the library by using the IBM device driver for AIX, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, and
Windows. Data Path Failover provides a failover mechanism in the IBM device driver so that
multiple redundant paths can be configured in a SAN environment.
If a path or component failure occurs, the failover mechanism can automatically provide error
recovery to try the current operation again by using an alternative, preconfigured path without
stopping the current job in progress. The failover mechanism provides flexibility in SAN
configuration, availability, and management.
When a tape drive device is accessed that was configured with alternative paths across
multiple host ports, the IBM device driver automatically selects a path through the HBA that
has the fewest open tape devices. It then assigns that path to the application. This autonomic
self-optimizing capability is called load balancing.
The dynamic load balancing support optimizes resources for devices that have physical
connections to multiple HBAs in the same machine. The device driver dynamically tracks the
use on each HBA as applications open and close devices. It also balances the number of
applications that use each HBA in the machine. The dynamic load balancing support can help
optimize resources and improve overall performance.
Furthermore, Data Path Failover provides autonomic self-healing capabilities similar to

Control Path Failover, with transparent failover to an alternative data path if a failure occurs in
the primary host-side path.
For more information about how to configure and use the Data Path Failover feature, see IBM
Tape Device Driver Installation and Users Guide, GC27-2130, which is available at the IBM
Fix Central web page:
9.9 Working with logical libraries

Logical libraries are virtual sections within a library that present the appearance of multiple,
separate libraries for the purposes of file management, access by multiple users, or
dedication to one or more host applications. You must have at least one logical library in the
TS4300, even if this logical library has all storage slot, I/O station slot, and drive resources
assigned to it.
Note: I/O station slots and drives are dedicated to logical libraries and are not shared. It is
important to consider this factor when planning logical libraries for the TS4300.

You can create logical libraries by using one of the following methods:
򐂰 Basic Mode: The Basic Logical Library Wizard allows for simplified logical library creation
by auto-assigning all library elements into logical libraries based on the number of logical
libraries that the user elects to create.
򐂰 Expert Mode: The Expert Logical Library Wizard allows an administrative user to assign
the storage slots, drives, and I/O station slots per logical library on a granular level.
Every logical library must have at least one drive and five storage slots that are assigned to it.
For example, if the library has two tape drives and 12 slots available, the maximum number of
logical libraries that you can create is two.
If the library has only one logical library with all resources that are assigned to it, that logical
library can be deleted to free resources so you can reallocate them to a new logical library. Or,
it can be modified to free resources so that they can be reallocated to the new logical library.
Multiple logical libraries require the careful planning of library resources. If, for example, you
are planning three logical libraries and have only two library modules, then careful
consideration must be given to I/O station resources. Otherwise, you can choose to have a
logical library with no I/O slots. In this case, import and export of cartridges causes the library
to go offline while the cartridges are being loaded into the magazines.
Figure 9-22 shows the Logical Libraries window.
Figure 9-22 TS4300 Logical Libraries window
You can configure a logical library using different library settings.

Library mode
Library mode is the default setting and is used to set up separate library partitions. This mode
allows you to configure Drives, Slots, and I/O for a logical library partition. The application has
full control of all library operations like media move and import/export.
Sequential mode
Sequential Mode is intended to be used by host applications that are not supporting SCSI
media changer devices but need to get another media loaded if the current media is full or
application unloads drive.
Select Enable Sequential Mode on the logical library setup wizard to enable it.
Consider the following points regarding when this mode is used:

򐂰 The library predefines the sequential order the cartridges are moved to the drive.
򐂰 I/O slots are hidden because they are not assignable to a logical library with sequential
mode enabled.
򐂰 Only one drive can be assigned to a logical library with sequential mode enabled.
򐂰 No control path drive is available and no media changer device is configured to the host
server.
The options to consider when Sequential Mode is chosen are described next.
Basic Sequential Mode function

To start the use of cartridges, the user issues a Move Cartridge command to the drive
through the Management GUI. After the load, the host application can begin data I/O activity.
When the host application unloads the drive, the library then moves the next cartridge into the
drive.
This behavior is implicit, unless it is defined by selecting one of the that are described here.
The media that is used first is the lowest slot number and ends when the last tape is used.
Loop Option
If a move sequence ends because no other cartridges are available in the current logical
library, the sequence starts again by loading the first cartridge of the logical library. This
option can be chosen with or without the Autoload function.
Autoload Option
If enabled, the library loads the first cartridge of the logical library, the slot with the lowest
number with media installed to the Sequential Mode tape drive during library startup after
inventory scan is finished. This option changes the implicit behavior of the Basic function.
This option can be chosen with or without the Loop option.
Note: If storage slots are configured to I/O slots after assignment to a Sequential Mode
logical library, they are still considered valid available slots and are used for movements.
This option remains until you run the expert wizard again; then, these I/O slots no longer
appear in the list of available slots.
If a cartridge is loaded to the tape drive when powering up, this cartridge stays in the drive
and no other cartridges can be loaded to the drive.

Figure 9-23 shows the options that are available on the Logical Library wizard setup page.
Note: Before V2.0 library firmware, a logical library in Sequential Mode shows Idle (Offline)
in red instead Idle in green.
Figure 9-23 Logical Library settings

Figure 9-24 shows the Logical Libraries Graphical View.
Figure 9-24 TS4300 Logical Libraries Graphical View
9.10 Media
To ensure that your IBM Ultrium tape drive conforms to the IBM specifications for reliability,
use IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges. You can use other LTO-certified data cartridges, but
they might not meet the standards of reliability that have been established by IBM.

All sixth generations contain ½-inch, dual-coated, metal-particle tape. Table 9-5 lists the
native data capacity of Ultrium data cartridges.
Table 9-5 Ultrium native capacity

Ultrium 7 using format M8 for LTO 8 9 TB (22.5 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 6 and WORM 2.5 TB (6.25 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 5 and WORM 1.5 TB (3.0 TB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 4 and WORM 800 GB (1.6 TB at a 2:1 compression ratio)

Table 9-6 shows the compatibility among the six types of Ultrium cartridges.

12 TB 9 TB 6 TB 2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB

(Ultrium 8) (Ultrium 7 (Ultrium 7) (Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4)
M8 format)
For more information about tape cartridges, see 2.1.4, “Tape cartridge” on page 44.
Note: LTO7 media with the M8 format can only be used on LTO 8 drives, and cannot be
reformatted for read in an LTO7 drive.
Using M8 media requires that the latest version of drive and library FW to be installed. For
more information, see “M8 format” on page 65.
Write Once Read Many media

LTO Ultrium generation 8, 7, and 6 drives. You can enable the WORM feature by upgrading to
WORM-capable drive firmware and using a special WORM tape cartridge.
number and the unique tape media serial number.
For more information about WORM media, see “WORM tape format” on page 42.

A specially labeled IBM LTO Universal Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge cleans the drive in your
library.
The drive determines when a head needs cleaning and communicates this information to the
library. When the cleaning is finished, the drive ejects the cartridge, and the picker takes the
cartridge and places it back in any storage slot. To remove a cleaning cartridge, export it from
the library.
The IBM Cleaning Cartridge is valid for 50 uses. The Linear Tape-Open Cartridge Memory
(LTO-CM) chip of the cartridge tracks the number of times that the cartridge is used.
For more information about cleaning cartridges, see “Specifications for cleaning cartridges”
on page 50.

9.10.3 Cartridge memory chip
All generations of the IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridges include an LTO-CM chip. This chip
contains information about the cartridge and the tape (such as the name of the manufacturer
that created the tape), and statistical information about the use of the cartridge.
The LTO-CM also helps to determine the reliability of the cartridge by storing data about its
age, the number of times it was loaded, and the number of errors it accumulated. Whenever a
tape cartridge is unloaded, the tape drive writes any pertinent information to the cartridge
memory. The storage capacity of the Ultrium 6 Tape Cartridge Memory Chip is 16320 bytes.
For more information about the LTO-CM, see “Cartridge memory” on page 47.
9.11 Supported environments

For a current list of supported server platforms, operating systems, host bus adapters, SCSI
adapters, and SAN switches, see the System Storage Interoperation Center (SSIC) page at
this website:
On the page, under Storage Family, select IBM System Storage LTO Ultrium Tape. Then,
select the product model for the TS4300 tape library and the version.
9.11.1 Supported storage software

For a current list of host software versions and release levels that support the TS4300 tape
library, see the SSIC at this website:
For more information about LTO and backup applications, see this website and select
Independent Software Vendor (ISV):
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/tape/ts4300
9.12 Specifications
This section describes the physical specifications and the operating environment for the
9.12.1 Timings
The following timings are approximate and are provided as indicative values:
򐂰 To perform an inventory of a 3U library: 50 seconds
򐂰 To perform an inventory of a 21U library: 362 seconds
򐂰 To mount a cartridge in a 3U library: 14 seconds
򐂰 To mount a cartridge in a 21U library: 40 seconds

Physical specifications are provided for the L3A base module and the E3A expansion module.
Model L3A
A 3-U L3A base module has the following physical specifications:
򐂰 Width: 480 mm (18.9 in)
򐂰 Depth: 885 mm (34.84 in)
򐂰 Height: 133.35 mm (5.25 in)
򐂰 Weight: 20 kg (44 lbs)
򐂰 Maximum configuration: Three Half-High drives and two power supplies
Model E3A
A 3-U E3A expansion module has the following physical specifications:
򐂰 Width: 480 mm (18.9 in)
򐂰 Depth: 885 mm (34.84 in)
򐂰 Height: 133.35 mm (5.25 in)
򐂰 Weight: 13 kg (28.66 lbs)
򐂰 Maximum configuration: Three Half-High drives and two power supplies
9.12.3 Operating environment

The following operating environments are supported for all library configurations:
򐂰 Allowable temperature: 15°C to 32°C (60°F to 90°F). Recommended: 16°C to 25°C
(60.8°F to 77°F).
򐂰 Maximum Wet bulb temperature: 26°C (78.8°F)
򐂰 Allowable Relative humidity: 20% - 80% noncondensing. Recommended: 20% - 50%
noncondensing.
򐂰 Electrical power: max 9.5 amps, 100-240 V 50/60 Hz, 230 W
TS4300 tape libraries are classified as Category 1 products as defined in C-S 1-1710-006.
9.13 Feature codes

The TS4300 can be ordered with the optional features listed in Table 9-7. For more
information, see the TS4300 tape library page at this website:
https://www.ibm.com/marketplace/ts4300
Table 9-7 Optional features

Feature Code Description
1411 Fibre wrap tool
1412 SAS wrap tool
1682 Path Failover
1899 First Power Supply
1900 Extra Power Supply
7002 Rack Mount Kit

Feature Code Description
8106 Right Side Magazine
8109 Left Side Magazine
5500 Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS 4x Interposer
5502 2 m Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
5507 4 m Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS 1x Cable

Enables attachment of a single tape drive to a host with HD applications
(from HD HBA with SFF-8644 to Drive with SFF-8088 connector).
5509 3 m Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS 2x Cable

Enables attachment of one or two tape drives to a host with HD
applications, from HD HBA with SFF-8644 to Drives with SFF-8088
connectors. This cable fans out to enable connection of two devices to
one HBA port.
5900 Encryption Configuration
AGK1 10-meter OM3 fiber Cable (LC)
AGK2 25-meter OM3 fiber Cable (LC)
AGKF LTO 6 HH Fibre Channel Drive
AGKG LTO 6 HH SAS Drive
AGKH LTO 6 FH Fibre Channel Drive
AGKJ LTO 7 HH Fibre Channel Drive
AGKK LTO 7 HH SAS Drive
AGKL LTO 7 FH Fibre Channel Drive
AGKM LTO 8 HH Fibre Channel Drive
AGKN LTO 8 HH SAS Drive
AGKP LTO 8 FH Fibre Channel Drive
8002 Cleaning Cartridge L1 UCC
8806 LTO 8 Data Cartridges (5-pack)
5521 LTO M8 Data Cartridges (20-pack)
9800 - 9847 Power cords
9848 Rack Power Distribution Unit (PDU) power cord
9.13.1 Power cords

The following power cord features are available:
򐂰 9800 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 125 V, 15 A US and Canada
򐂰 9820 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 16 A (AC) France and Germany
򐂰 9821 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 11 A Denmark
򐂰 9825 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 13 A UK and China

򐂰 9827 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 6-16 A Israel
򐂰 9828 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 255 V, 10 A Switzerland
򐂰 9829 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 16 A South Africa
򐂰 9830 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 and 16 A Italy
򐂰 9831 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 A Australia/NZ
򐂰 9833 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 15 A US and Canada
򐂰 9834 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 A Uruguay
򐂰 9835 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 125 V, 15 A Taiwan
򐂰 9840 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 A China (PRC)
򐂰 9841 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 A Taiwan
򐂰 9842 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 125 V, 12 A Japan
򐂰 9843 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 12 A Japan
򐂰 9844 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 12 A Korea
򐂰 9845 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 A India
򐂰 9847 9-foot (2.8 m) Power Cord, 250 V, 10 A Brazil
9.13.2 Fibre Channel cables

The Fibre Channel tape drive has an LC connector. A cable is required to connect this
connector directly to a system HBA or a SAN switch. The following feature codes are
available:
򐂰 AGK1 10-meter OM3 fiber Cable (LC)
򐂰 AGK2 25-meter OM3 fiber Cable (LC)
9.13.3 SAS cables

The SAS tape drive has a mini-SAS connector. A cable is required to connect this connector
directly to a SAS HBA. The following feature codes are available:
򐂰 5500: Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS 4x Interposer
򐂰 5502: 2 m Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
򐂰 5507: 4 m Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS 1x Cable
򐂰 5509: 3 m Mini-SAS HD/Mini-SAS 2x Cable
9.13.4 Publications
The following publications are included with the Model L3A hardware:
򐂰 IBM TS4300 Tape Library Getting Started Guide, SC27-4630
򐂰 IBM TS4300 Tape Library Machine Type 3555 Users Guide, SC27-4629
򐂰 IBM Tape Device Drivers Installation and User’s Guide, GC27-2130

10
Chapter 10. IBM TS4500 tape library

The IBM TS4500 tape library is a next-generation storage solution that is designed to help
midsize and large enterprises respond to storage challenges. Some of these challenges
include high data volume, growth in data centers, increasing cost of data center storage
footprints, difficulty migrating data across vendor platforms, and increased complexity of IT
training and management as staff resources shrink.
The TS4500 tape library combines reliable, automated tape handling and storage with
reliable, high performance in an open systems environment. Incorporating IBM Linear
Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium tape and 3592 drives, the TS4500 tape library offers outstanding
retrieval performance with typical cartridge move times of less than 3 seconds.
The TS4500, installed with the High Availability (HA) option, provides dual active accessors
for redundancy, and can double the robot performance during tape move operations. The HA
option on TS4500 has no dedicated service bays and provides the Elastic Capacity option for
the use of the storage slots in these integrated service bays.
The TS4500 can be deployed as a single frame library and upgraded to a maximum of
18 frames, with a combination of either LTO and 3592 frames. This single frame library can be
partitioned into multiple logical libraries. This feature makes the TS4500 tape library an
excellent choice for consolidating tape workloads from multiple heterogeneous open systems
servers.
The TS4500 protects investment by providing for redeployment of S24 and S54 frames from
the TS3500 onto the TS4500.
The library provides outstanding reliability and redundancy through provision of redundant
power supplies in each drive frame, control and data path failover, dual grippers within the
cartridge accessor, and dual active accessors. Both library and drive firmware can be
upgraded nondisruptively, without interrupting normal operations. Encryption is supported on
the following tape drives:
򐂰 LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive (Model 3588 F8C)

򐂰 TS1160 tape drive (Model 3592 60E and 60F
򐂰 TS1155 tape drive (Model 3592 55E and 55F
򐂰 TS1150 tape drive (Model 3592 EH8)
򐂰 TS1140 tape drive (Model 3592 EH7)
Three encryption methods are supported:

򐂰 Application-managed encryption (AME)
򐂰 Library-managed encryption (LME)
򐂰 System-managed encryption (SME) for IBM z/OS TS7700 support
From TS4500 Release 2, the following functions were supported, over and above the first
release of the TS4500:
򐂰 Automatic media verification
򐂰 Flexible remote authentication
򐂰 Primary control system failover
򐂰 Mixed media types within the same TS4500 library
򐂰 Scalability to 18 frames
򐂰 Up to 128 tape drives
򐂰 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) query configuration
򐂰 Redeployment of S24 and S54 frames from TS3500 to TS4500
With TS4500 Release 3, the following new functions are now supported:
򐂰 High availability with dual active accessors
򐂰 Support for external TSSC/IMC
򐂰 Flexible growth options with new flex track design
TS4500 Release 4 added new functions, which include:

򐂰 TS1155 model 55E
򐂰 TS1155 model 55F
TS4500 Release 4.1 added new functions, which include:


򐂰 TS1160 model 60E
򐂰 TS1160 model 60F

򐂰 TS4500 REST API - REST over SCSI (RoS) commands
򐂰 New CLI commands for Service actions

򐂰 10.1, “Overview of the IBM TS4500 tape library” on page 263
򐂰 10.2, “TS4500 product description” on page 264

10.1 Overview of the IBM TS4500 tape library
The IBM TS4500 is a highly scalable, stand-alone tape library that provides high-density tape
storage and high-performance, automated tape handling for open systems environments.
Figure 10-1 shows a three-frame version of the TS4500 tape library. An individual library can
consist of one L frame and up to 17 expansion frames, and can include up to 128 tape drives
and more than 23,000 tape cartridges, as shown in Figure 10-2 on page 265.
Figure 10-1 TS4500 introduction
The TS4500 tape library provides the following capabilities, which are described in more
detail in the following sections:
򐂰 High availability dual active accessors with integrated service bays to reduce inactive
service space by 40%. The Elastic Capacity option can be used to eliminate inactive
service space.
򐂰 All of the frames include high-density (HD) slot technology.
򐂰 Additional HD2 frame models can be placed in any active position so that the library can
grow from both the right side and the left side of the first L frame.
򐂰 HD generation 1 frames from the existing TS3500 library can be redeployed into a
TS4500. These frames must be installed to the right of the Lx5 frame, and Feature Code
(FC) 1742 must be installed on each frame before they can exist in a TS4500 library string.
򐂰 New Single Deep Cell technology.
򐂰 Integrated management console (IMC) with support for an external TSSC/IMC.
򐂰 New user interface for improved usability.
򐂰 Updated control system.
򐂰 Input/output (I/O) magazine to allow individual cartridge handling to be performed
independently of the library.
򐂰 Top-rack space to house extra tape solution components within the library footprint.

򐂰 Support for HD2-compatible models of theTS1160 (3592 60E and 60F), TS1155 (3592
55E and 55F), TS1150 (3592 EH8), TS1140 (3592 EH7), LTO Ultrium 8 (3588 F8C), LTO
Ultrium 7 (3588 F7C), LTO Ultrium 6 (3588 F6C), and LTO Ultrium 5 (3588 F5C) tape
drives.
򐂰 Up to four Library-Managed Encryption (LME) key paths per logical library.
options to meet your specific needs. Additional features of the TS4500 tape library are
򐂰 Advanced Library Management System (ALMS)
򐂰 Ability to attach multiple simultaneous heterogeneous servers
򐂰 Remote management with the TS4500 management GUI or the TS4500 command-line
interface (CLI)
򐂰 TS4500 REST API - REST over SCSI (RoS) commands
򐂰 Remote monitoring by using SNMP, email, or syslog
򐂰 SNMP query configuration
򐂰 Media health verification
򐂰 Multipath architecture
򐂰 Drive and media exception reporting
򐂰 Host-based path failover
򐂰 Up to 288 I/O slots (36 I/O slots standard for LTO libraries and 32 I/O slots standard for
3592 libraries with extra I/O slots that are available as a feature add-on for all D25 and D55
frames)
򐂰 Up to four Encryption Key Manager (EKM) servers can be configured on each logical
library
10.2 TS4500 product description

The IBM TS4500 tape library (Machine Type 3584) is a modular tape library that consists of a
high-density base frame and up to 17 high-density expansion frames. The frames join side by
side and can grow to the left or to the right of the base frame. All frames are supported by a
single cartridge accessor. You can install a single-frame base library (Figure 10-1) and grow it
to 18 frames, tailoring the library to match your system capacity requirements.
Table 10-1 lists the supported combinations of frames, tape drives, and their capabilities.
Table 10-1 TS4500 tape library capabilities

Models Drives in frames Maximum cartridges Maximum native
capacity
L25, D25, S25, and 3592 tape drives 17,550 351 PB

S24
L55, D55, S55, and LTO tape drives 23,170 278 PB

S54
The maximum native capacity figures are based on library configurations with one base frame with all
Ultrium 8 or TS1160 tape drives, and 17 storage-only HD frames.

Figure 10-2 shows the TS4500 maximum configuration with 18 frames.
Figure 10-2 Maximum TS4500 tape library configuration
There are eight types of frames that are supported in the current TS4500 tape library range.
Each frame is identified by a three-character model number (L25, D25, L55, D55, S25, S55,
S24, and S54), which describes the nature of the frame.
The TS4500 tape library is built from a single frame model that is called the base frame. The
scalability of the library allows an increase in capacity by adding up to 17 additional frames,
called expansion frames. The frames join side by side and can grow to the left or to the right of
the base frame. All frames can be supported by either a single cartridge accessor, or by dual
active accessors with the high availability feature. The TS4500 tape library can contain a mix
of 3592 and LTO frames.

The TS4500 tape library supports first generation (S54, S24) frames (HD1), and
second-generation high-density (HD2) frames. HD2 frames like the first-generation HD1
frames, offer increased capacity without increasing frame size or required floor space by
using high-density storage slots for tape cartridges. In addition, HD2 frames provide the
following enhancements:
򐂰 HD2 frames can be installed in the left-most position of the library (frame number 1).
򐂰 Drive-capable HD2 frames support up to 16 HD2-compatible tape drives (3588 F7C, 3588
F6C, 3588 F5C, 3592 60E, 3592 60F, 3592 55E, 3592 55F, 3592 EH8, and 3592 EH7)
when positioned as frame number 2 or higher.
Generation 1 HD frames from TS3500 (Model S24 and S54) can be redeployed into a
TS4500. These HD1 frames must be installed to the right of the Lx5 frame. These S24 or S54
(SX4) frames must have FC 1742 applied to them before they can exist in a TS4500 library
string.
Note: The HD1 models S24 and S54 cannot be installed to the left of the Lx5 frame and
cannot be installed as the right-most frame in a dual accessor tape library.
The L25 and L55 (Lx5) frames and D25 and D55 (Dx5) frames are HD2, drive-capable
frames, which means that they contain high-density cartridge storage slots, and slots to
house up to 16 tape drives. The S25, S55 (Sx5) HD2 frames, and S54, S24 (SX4) HD1
frames, are storage-only frames, which means that they contain high-density cartridge
storage slots, but no tape drives. All HD frames provide internal light-emitting diode (LED)
lighting.
The TS4500 also supports the addition of a top rack frame. The top rack, 3584 Model TR1,
provides an extra 10U of rack space on any frame in a library without requiring more floor
space.
Table 10-2 lists the frames that are supported by the library and their specific media type and
capacity.
Table 10-2 TS4500 tape library frame models

Frame Type Media Capacity Other
model type
Frame position 1 Frame position 2+
L25 Base frame 3592 Up to 12 tape drives Up to 16 tape drives 򐂰 Equipped with two I/O
and 550 storage and 660 storage stations and two 16-slot
slots slots magazines
򐂰 Optionally equipped with top
rack (Model TR1)
L55 Base frame LTO Up to 12 tape drives Up to 16 tape drives 򐂰 Equipped with two I/O
rack (Model TR1)
D25 Expansion 3592 Up to 12 tape drives Up to 16 tape drives 򐂰 Equipped with two I/O
frame and 590 storage and 740 storage stations and two 16-slot
rack (Model TR1)

Frame Type Media Capacity Other
model type
Frame position 1 Frame position 2+
L25 Base frame 3592 Up to 12 tape drives Up to 16 tape drives 򐂰 Equipped with two I/O
rack (Model TR1)
D55 Expansion LTO Up to 12 tape drives Up to 16 tape drives 򐂰 Equipped with two I/O
frame and 774 storage and 970 storage stations and two 18-slot
rack (Model TR1)
S25 Storage-only 3592 798 storage slots 1000 storage slots 򐂰 Optionally equipped with top
expansion rack (Model TR1)
frame
S55 Storage-only LTO 1054 storage slots 1320 storage slots 򐂰 Optionally equipped with top
frame
S24 Storage-only 3592 Not supported 1000 storage slots 򐂰 Optionally equipped with top
frame
S54 Storage-only LTO Not supported 1320 storage slots 򐂰 Optionally equipped with top
frame
10.2.1 TS4500 tape library frames for IBM LTO Ultrium Fibre Channel drives
The TS4500 tape library models L55 and D55 integrate the HD2 versions of the LTO-8,
LTO-7, LTO-6, and LTO-5 (8 Gbps dual-port Fibre Channel) tape drives. The TS4500 Model
S55 is a high capacity storage-only frame for LTO cartridge slots.
The Model L55 frame includes the frame control assembly with two power supplies (for
redundancy), an optimized dual-gripper cartridge accessor, on-demand storage slot capacity,
and with two I/O stations with two 18-slot magazines.
TS4500 tape library Model L55

The L55 frame can be installed on its own as a complete library enclosure, as shown in
Figure 10-3 on page 268, or it can have up to 17 expansion frames that are attached to it.
This frame provides the major library components for the whole library, whether it has a single
frame or multiple frames. It also provides cartridge storage capacity for LTO media and can
be equipped with the HD2 versions of the LTO-8, LTO-7, LTO-6, and LTO-5 dual-ported drives
that facilitate 8 Gbps Fibre Channel connectivity.

HD2 expansion frames can be added to either the left or right of the L55 frame. HD1 frames
can be added only to the right side of L55 frame. See Figure 10-3.
Figure 10-3 TS4500 tape library L55/L25 base frame
The number of LTO cartridge storage slots ranges 100 - 882. With the minimum configuration,
100 slots are available for use. The maximum of 882 slots is already physically installed.
More slots can be added by enabling them through a capacity on demand (CoD) license key.
There are a number of CoD feature codes for the L55 frame and the number of slots available
depends on the frame position.
The Intermediate Capacity feature (Feature Code (FC) 1643) gives a maximum number of
usable cartridge slots of 200. This feature is a prerequisite for the Base Capacity on Demand
(FC 1644), which gives the maximum capacity of 400 cartridge slots. FC 1644 is required to
attach an optional expansion frame. Both FC 1643 and 1644 are prerequisites to install the
HD CoD for L55 (FC 1648). This configuration gives the maximum capacity of 730 - 882 slots.
Depending on the frame position, the maximum number of LTO drives that can be installed is
16. There are four generations of HD2-compatible LTO drives: The LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive
(Model 3588 F8C), LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive (Model 3588 F7C), LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive
(Model 3588 F6C), and the LTO Ultrium 5 tape drive (Model 3588 F5C), which can be
installed in the L55 frame. Drive slots are fixed. Adding drives to the L55 frame does not affect
the number of available storage slots.

Drive slots and HD slots are shown in Figure 10-4.
Figure 10-4 L55/L25 frame internal
When CoD features are installed, the position and configuration of the frame affect the total
available capacity of the L55. Table 10-3 shows the available storage capacity based on
possible frame positions and configurations.
Table 10-3 Quantity of storage slots in an L55 frame

Licensed Frame position Quantity of drives Quantity of I/O Quantity of
features slots storage slots
Entry 1 1 - 12 36 100
Intermediate 1 1 - 12 36 200
Base 1 0 - 12 36 400
Base 2+ 0 - 16 36 400
HD CoD 1 0 - 12 36 730
HD CoD 2+ 0 - 16 36 882

The L55 frame comes standard with two I/O stations. Each I/O station houses a cartridge
magazine that allows individual cartridge handling to be done independently of the tape
library. The cartridge magazine for each I/O station on LTO frames can hold up to 18
cartridges, providing a total of 36 I/O slots. The TS4500 tape library Model L55 imports or
exports cartridges from the library, without requiring reinventory, or interruption of library
operations.
The lockable library door can be opened for bulk-loading LTO tape cartridges. Reinventory of
the cartridges in Tier 0 and Tier 1 is done in fewer than 60 seconds per frame, each time that
the library door is closed. A bar code reader that is mounted on the autochanger is used to
scan the cartridge bar code labels during inventory.
On an HD frame, the inventory checks only Tier 1 bar code labels, and checks the other tier
labels only if Tier 1 changed.
A door lock is included to restrict physical access to cartridges in the library and a door open
sensor is equipped to prevent accessor movement while the door is open.
Note: The left and right side doors also contain the door lock and open sensor.
Included in the L55 frame is the integrated management console (IMC), which is a built-in
platform for tools that are used to manage the TS4500 tape library. The IMC, which includes
an LCD panel and a keyboard with touchpad, can be mounted on either end of your TS4500
tape library.
A library controller card (LCC) and power source are required within that end frame or within
the adjacent frame. Alternatively, feature code 2737, IMC Separate Power Source, can source
the IMC power independently and to an LCC anywhere in the library.
TS4500 tape library Model D55

The D55 frame, as shown in Figure 10-5 on page 271, has the same footprint as the model
L55.
The D55 frame cannot be installed on its own. It must be connected to a library with a base
frame. A maximum of 18 frames, including the L55 frame, can be connected, as shown in
Figure 10-2 on page 265.
Note: The combined number of D55 or D25 drive frames that are allowed in a TS4500
library is limited to seven.
The number of additional LTO cartridge storage slots per D55 frame is 500 - 970. With the
minimum configuration, only 500 slots are available for use. More slots can be enabled by
installing a CoD license key.
The base capacity on a D55 frame gives the maximum capacity of 500 cartridge slots.
FC 1644 must be installed on the L55 frame, along with either FC 9002, or FC 9003, and the
corresponding prerequisite FC, to attach a D55 expansion frame. The HD CoD for D55
(FC 1650) gives the maximum capacity of 730 - 970 slots, depending on the frame position.
Depending on the frame position, the maximum number of LTO drives that can be installed is
16. As with the L55 frame, three generations of HD2-compatible LTO drives, which are the
LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive (Model 3588 F8C), LTO Ultrium 7 tape drive (Model 3588 F7C), LTO
Ultrium 6 tape drive (Model 3588 F6C), and the LTO Ultrium 5 tape drive (Model 3588 F5C),
can be installed in the D55 frame.

Drive slots are fixed. Adding drives to the D55 frame does not affect the number of storage
slots that are available.
Two extra I/O stations can be installed in any Dx5 expansion frame by ordering FC 1652. This
feature installs two I/O stations in one expansion frame. Each additional pair of I/O stations
increases the maximum insert/eject throughput for the library. The maximum cartridge
capacity for expansion frames with two I/O stations is reduced by 44 cartridges for the
model D55.
Figure 10-5 TS4500 model D55/L55
The position and configuration of the frame, number of I/O slots, and the installation of CoD
features all affect the total available storage capacity of the D55.

Table 10-4 lists the available storage capacity based on possible frame positions and
configurations.
Table 10-4 Quantity of storage slots in the D55 frame

Base 1 0 - 12 0 - 36 500
Base 2+ 0 - 16 0 - 36 500
HD CoD 1 0 - 12 36 730
HD CoD 1 0 - 16 0 774
HD CoD 2+ 0 - 16 36 882
HD CoD 2+ 0 - 16 0 970
10.2.2 TS4500 tape library frames for IBM 3592 Fibre Channel drives
The TS4500 tape library models L25 and D25 integrate the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and
TS1140 tape drives. The TS4500 Model S25 is a high-capacity storage-only frame for 3592
slots.
The Model L25 frame includes the Frame Control Assembly with two power supplies (for
redundancy), an optimized dual-gripper cartridge accessor, on-demand storage slot capacity,
and with two I/O stations with two 16-slot magazines.
TS4500 tape library Model L25

The L25 can be installed on its own as a complete library enclosure, as shown in Figure 10-3
on page 268, or it can have up to 17 expansion frames that are attached to it. This frame
provides the major library components for the whole library, whether it has a single or multiple
frames. It also provides cartridge storage capacity for 3592 media and can be equipped with
TS1160 (3592 model 60F and 60E) dual-ported drives provide 16 Gbps Fibre Channel
connectivity.
TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 (3592 model 55F, EH8, and EH7) dual-ported drives provide
8 Gbps Fibre Channel connectivity. The TS1160 (3592-60E) dual-ported drives provide
10 Gbps or 25Gbps Ethernet connectivity. The TS1155 (3592-55E) dual-ported drives
provide 10 Gbps Ethernet connectivity.
HD2 expansion frames can be added to either the left or right of the L25 frame. HD1 frames
can be added only to the right side of the L25 frame.
The Intermediate Capacity feature (FC 1643) gives a maximum total number of usable
cartridge slots of 200. This feature is a prerequisite for the Base Capacity on Demand
(FC 1644), which gives the maximum capacity of 400 cartridge slots. FC 1644 is required to
attach an optional expansion frame. FC 1644 is a prerequisite to install the HD CoD for L25
(FC 1647), which offers the maximum capacity of 550 - 660 slots.
Depending on the frame position, the maximum number of 3592 drives that can be installed is
16. Two generations of HD2-compatible 3592 drives, the TS1160 (3592 60E and 60F),
TS1155 (3592 55E and 55F), TS1150 (3592 E08), and TS1140 (3592 E07) tape drives, are
supported in the L25 frame. Drive slots are fixed. Adding drives to the L25 frame does not
affect on the number of storage slots available.

Figure 10-6 TS4500 model D25/L25
The position and configuration of the frame and the installation of CoD features affect the total
available capacity of the L25. Table 10-5 shows available storage capacity based on possible
frame positions and configurations.
Table 10-5 Quantity of storage slots in L25 frame

Entry 1 1 - 12 32 100
Intermediate 1 1 - 12 32 200
Base 1 0 - 12 32 400
Base 2+ 0 - 16 32 400
HD CoD 1 0 - 12 32 550
HD CoD 2+ 0 - 16 32 660
The L25 frame comes standard with two I/O stations. Each I/O station houses a cartridge
magazine that allows importing or exporting cartridges from the library without requiring
reinventory or interruption of library operations. The cartridge magazine for each I/O station
on 3592 frames can hold up to 16 cartridges, providing a total of 32 I/O slots.

The lockable library door can be opened for bulk-loading IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges.
Reinventory of the cartridges in Tier 0 and Tier 1 is done in fewer than 60 seconds per frame,
each time that the library door is closed. A bar code reader that is mounted on the
autochanger is used to scan the cartridge bar code labels during inventory.
Note: If a bulk load is performed, the top two rows on tier 1 must remain empty to allow for
the initial inventory.
On an HD frame, the inventory checks only Tier 1 bar code labels, and checks the other Tier
labels only if Tier 1 changed.
A door lock is included to restrict physical access to cartridges in the library and a door open
sensor is equipped to prevent accessor movement while the door is open.
Included in the L25 frame is the IMC, which is a built-in platform for tools that are used to
manage the TS4500 tape library. The IMC, which includes an LCD panel and a keyboard with
touch pad, can be mounted on either end of your TS4500 tape library.
An LCC and power source are required within that end frame or within the adjacent frame.
Alternatively, feature code 2737, IMC Separate Power Source, can source the IMC power
independently and to an LCC anywhere in the library.
TS4500 tape library Model D25

The D25 frame, as shown in Figure 10-5 on page 271, has the same footprint as the Model
L25. The D25 frame cannot be installed on its own. It must be connected to a library with a
base frame and optional expansion frames. A maximum of 18 frames, including the L25
frame, can be connected, as shown in Figure 10-2 on page 265.
Note: The combined number of D55 or D25 frames that are allowed in a TS4500 library is
limited to seven.
The number of additional 3592 cartridge storage slots per D25 frame ranges from 500 - 740.
With the minimum configuration, only 500 slots are available for use.
More slots can be enabled by installing a CoD license key.
The base capacity on a D25 frame gives the maximum capacity of 500 cartridge slots.
FC 1644 must be installed on the L55 frame with either FC 9002 or 9003 and the
corresponding prerequisite FC to attach a D25 expansion frame.
The HD CoD for D25 (FC 1649) gives the maximum capacity of 660 - 740 slots, depending on
frame position.
Depending on the frame position, the maximum number of 3592 drives that can be installed
is 16. Two generations of HD2-compatible 3592 drives, the TS1160 (3592 60E and 60F),
TS1155 (3592 55E and 55F), TS1150 (3592 E08), and TS1140 (3592 E07) tape drives are
supported in the D25 frame. Drive slots are fixed. Adding drives to the D25 frame does not
affect on the number of storage slots available.
Drive slots and HD slots are shown in Figure 10-6 on page 273. Two extra I/O stations can be
installed in any Dx5 expansion frame by ordering FC 1652. This feature installs two I/O
stations in one expansion frame. Each additional pair of I/O stations increases the maximum
insert/eject throughput for the library. The maximum cartridge capacity for expansion frames
with two I/O stations is reduced by 80 cartridges for the Model D25 frame.

The position and configuration of the frame, number of I/O slots, and the installation of CoD
features all affect the total available storage capacity of the D55. Table 10-6 shows available
storage capacity based on possible frame positions and configurations.
Table 10-6 Quantity of storage slots in D25 frame

Base 1 0 - 12 0 or 32 500
Base 2+ 0 - 16 0 or 32 500
HD CoD 1 0 - 12 32 550
HD CoD 1 0 - 12 0 590
HD CoD 2+ 0 - 16 32 660
HD CoD 2+ 0 - 16 0 740
10.2.3 TS4500 tape library storage-only HD frames

This section describes TS4500 tape library storage-only HD frame models.
Model S55 and S25

IBM TS4500 includes the Model S25 frame and the Model S55 frame, which are high density
(HD) version 2 storage-only expansion frames, which are shown in Figure 10-7.
These frames are designed to greatly increase storage capacity without increasing frame size
or required floor space.
Figure 10-7 SX5/SX4 frame

HD slots contain tape cartridges in a tiered architecture. The cartridge immediately
accessible in the HD slot is a Tier 1 cartridge. Behind that is Tier 2, and so on. The maximum
tier in an LTO HD slot is Tier 5. The maximum tier in a 3592 HD slot is Tier 4 because the
3592 tape cartridge is slightly longer than the LTO cartridge. The single-deep slots on the
door side of HD frames are referred to as Tier 0 slots.
On the left, Figure 10-8 shows the inside of an HD frame from the side. On the right,
Figure 10-8 shows a top-down view of one row of an HD frame with cartridges in tiers 0 (door
side), 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 10-8 The HD frame (left) and top-down view of a row in an HD frame (right)
Model S24 and S54

The IBM TS3500 storage-only frame HD1 Model, S24 and S54, can be attached to the
TS4500.
These generation 1 HD frames can be redeployed into a TS4500 if they are installed to the
right of the Lx5 frame. They must have FC 1742 installed before they can be added to a
TS4500 library string. This feature code replaced the TS3500 cards to be supported on
TS4500, shown in Figure 10-9.
Figure 10-9 Changes to S24/S54 for TS4500 attach

The TS3500 tape library Model S24 and S54 frames are HD version 1 storage only expansion
frames, which were attached to existing TS3500 tape libraries and frames.
The model S24 expansion frame is for 3592 data cartridges. Up to 17 Model S24 expansion
frames can be added to the right of the Lx5 frame, the TS4500 Model L25 base frame to
increase 3592 cartridge storage. Each Model S24 frame supports up to 1000 IBM 3592
cartridge slots.
The model S54 expansion frame is for LTO data cartridges. Up to 17 Model S54 expansion
frames can be added to the right of the Lx5 frame, the TS4500 tape library Model L55 base
frame, to increase LTO cartridge storage. Each Model S54 Frame supports up to 1320 LTO
cartridge slots.
The HD1 model S24 and S54 can be added to any TS4500 expansion frame, if it is right of
the LX5 frame and to a total of 18 expansion frames, including the LX5 frame.
HD1 and HD2 frames

All HD slots are black; however, the location of the cartridge retention latch differentiates LTO
HD slots from 3592 HD slots. The cartridge retention latch is on the left side of LTO HD slots
and on the right side of 3592 HD slots, as shown in Figure 10-10.
Figure 10-10 HD slot
Attention: The HD slots have a constant force spring for maintaining forward pressure on
the tape cartridges. Use caution when inserting or removing cartridges from HD slots.
In an HD library, a standard inventory is a scan of Tier 0 and Tier 1; however, at times, it is

necessary to inventory all tiers. This operation takes more time because it requires moving
the cartridges within an HD slot to scan each bar code. For all inventory operations, Tier 2
and higher tiers in an HD slot are only scanned when one of the following changes occurs:
򐂰 A Tier 1 cartridge bar code label changed
򐂰 Enough Tier 1 bar code labels changed in a column to warrant an inventory of the entire
column of HD slots
򐂰 Inventory of all tiers is selected when initiating a manual inventory from the TS4500
management GUI
In HD frames, the cartridge accessor performs a shuffle operation to access the cartridges
that are stored in Tier 2 and beyond. A shuffle is the process of moving cartridges in lower
tiers into the gripper, or other available slots, to access cartridges in higher tiers (Tier 2 or
greater). To reduce shuffle operations and take advantage of repeated accesses of certain
cartridges, the role of cartridge cache is assigned to all single-deep (Tier 0) slots in an HD
library.
To maintain efficient shuffle operations, the library uses load balancing to store cartridges
across all HD slots in the library string. Therefore, all HD slots are filled to a minimum tier level
until that tier is full across the library.

For the initial bulk load on a newly installed frame, insert cartridges into the deep slots, but
leave the top two rows empty. The slots in the top two rows must be empty for the initial audit
of the frame to start. The initial audit fills these slots and then they are used like any other HD
slot in subsequent library operations.
First-generation HD (HD1) can be installed only to the right of an LX5 frame.
Second-generation HD (HD2) frames provide the following enhancements:

򐂰 Can be installed in the left-most library position (frame position 1)
򐂰 Offer drive-capable models that support up to 16 HD2-compatible tape drives when in
frame position 2 or higher
The position and configuration of the frame, and the installation of CoD features, all affect the
total available storage capacity of the S25 and S55 frames. Table 10-7 shows available
storage capacity based on possible frame positions and configurations.
Table 10-7 Quantity of storage slots in S25/S55 frames

Model Licensed features Frame position Quantity of storage slots
S25 S25 Base Any 600
S55 S55 Base Any 660
S25 S25 HD CoD 1 798
S55 S55 HD CoD 1 1,054
S25 S25 HD CoD 2+ 1,000
S55 S55 HD CoD 2+ 1,320
S24 S24 HD CoD 2+ 1,000
S54 S54 HD CoD 2+ 1,320
10.2.4 TS4500 High Availability (HA) option

The TS4500 High Availability (HA) option provides a second accessor for redundancy and
performance. This feature allows for dual accessors in a dual-active mode and has an
integrated service bay to reduce service space.
The TS4500 HA option and Integrated Service Bays replace the HA1 frame and Service Bay
B frames that are used on the TS3500. The Integrated Service Bay allows a section of a
frame to be used for servicing an accessor while the remaining portion of the frame is still
available for active storage and drives. Accessor service must be performed through the side
opening doors of Integrated Service Bays. Any HD2 frame can be an Integrated Service Bay.
The second accessor, accessor B, is provided when you order a new DX5 or SX5 frame with
FC 1442. The new DX5 or SX5 frame can be installed in any position and is shipped with the
new B assessor. The accessor can be removed from the new frame and installed on the right
side of the TS4500 if the new frame is installed on the left side.

Figure 10-11 shows the HA feature that is shipped in a new D25 frame.
Figure 10-11 D25 frame that is ordered with FC 1442
The left or A side Integrated Service Bay allows cartridges to be populated in storage
columns 9 and 10, and drives can be populated in drive column 4.
The right or B side Integrated Service Bay allows cartridges to be populated in storage
columns, 1, 2, 3, and 4, and drives can be populated in drive columns 1 and 2. The I/O
stations are accessible in the right Integrated Service Bay. Integrated Service Bays allow for a
minimum dual accessor system to be only two frames.

The available storage for HA is shown in Figure 10-12.
Figure 10-12 Available storage with the HA option
Note: I/O stations are not accessible in the left Integrated Service Bay, so a L25 or L55
frame cannot be used as a left integrated Service Bay. The frame that is shipped with the
HA option can be installed on the left side if required, as there are no dedicated service
bays and the new accessor can be installed in the right side frame.
Elastic capacity
The TS4500 provides the Elastic Capacity option to eliminate inactive service space and can
provide temporary relief for temporary overflow conditions. These slots are referred to as Tier
10 - 15 slots, and standard storage slots are Tier 0 - 5.
With dual active accessors, some storage slots are available only to a single accessor and
are unavailable during accessor service. The ability to use these slots is optional and can be
enabled or disabled on the management interface.
Here are the Elastic Capacity options:

򐂰 Do not use
򐂰 Use for temporary overflow
򐂰 Use for maximum capacity
Do not use
In this mode, the TS4500 does not use the Elastic Capacity slots for media storage, so all
media is usable when only one accessor is available. Tier T10 - 15 slots are not used.
Use for temporary overflow

In this mode, the only time cartridges are moved to elastic storage is when the library is
100% full and new inserts have no other destination choice. In this case, T10 - T15 is used as
temporary storage to handle the library overfill. Cartridges are returned to HA space after
space becomes available either manually by a user or when the application mounts and
unmounts the cartridges in the Elastic Capacity slots (T10 - T15).

Use for maximum capacity
Use this setting to store media cartridges in the limited access (Elastic Capacity) columns as
normal storage. The use of these slots can be managed by using different methods:
򐂰 Manually: A user can select a cartridge to destage to elastic storage through the CLI. If the
cartridge is already in elastic storage, no action is taken.
򐂰 SCSI: An application can use the HD Control field of the SCSI Move Medium command to
specify that the move is an elastic storage destage.
򐂰 Periodic: When the dual-access area (the cartridge slots that both A and B accessors can
reach) exceeds the usage threshold, the least recently used cartridges are moved into the
Elastic Capacity area. The default usage threshold is 98%.
TS4500 capacity tool

The IBM Tape Library Slot Calculator helps calculate capacity and slot numbers for all IBM
Tape Libraries, including TS3100, TS3200, TS3310, TS3500, and the TS4500, including
TS4500 capacity with the different Elastic Capacity options.
This tool can be obtained from the following website:

http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS5322
10.2.5 External TSSC

The TS4500 R3 supports an external TSSC, which can be configured so that a single TSSC
provides the call home capability for a number of TS7700, TS4500, or TS3500 devices on the
same site, as shown in Figure 10-13.
Figure 10-13 External TSSC server

10.2.6 TS4500 tape library top rack frame TR1
The top rack, 3584 Model TR1, provides an extra 10U of rack space on any frame in a library
without requiring more floor space.
The optional top rack, shown in Figure 10-14, reduces the storage footprint and simplifies
cabling by providing extra rack space above the library for power distribution units, Fibre
Channel switches, tape data movers, or IBM Spectrum Archive nodes.
Figure 10-14 Tape library with top rack installed
A top rack is installed in the field by an IBM service representative on one or more frames of a
TS4500 tape library. The top rack, and any components that are housed in the rack, are
supported and serviced independently of the TS4500 tape library.
Feature code 1750, top rack end covers, is required for the left and right ends of one or more
adjacent top racks. This feature is only required for the first top rack that is ordered when
multiple top racks are ordered for adjacent frames.
Feature code 1751, power distribution unit (PDU), can optionally be ordered for any top rack.
Up to two of FC 1751 can be ordered for any top rack. The first PDU does not use any of the
10U rack space. A second PDU, for redundancy, uses 1U of rack space. One power cord
feature, FC 9954 through FC 9959 or FC 9966, is required for each PDU that is ordered.

Figure 10-15 shows the top rack without covers and devices installed.
Figure 10-15 Top rack without covers
Note: The top rack is treated as an independent rack space and it is not tied to the service
or support of the tape library.
For more information about the TS4500, see the IBM TS4500 website:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/tape/ts4500
For more information about the TS4500, see IBM TS4500 R6 Tape Library Guide,
SG24-8235.

Part 3
Part 3 Appendixes
This part contains additional material that is related to the topics in this book.
The following appendixes are included in Part 3:

򐂰 Appendix A, “Data storage values” on page 287
򐂰 Appendix B, “IBM LTO Ultrium and 3592 media” on page 289
򐂰 Appendix C, “IBM tape product names” on page 309
򐂰 Appendix D, “IBM Fibre Channel storage area network product portfolio” on page 315

A
Appendix A. Data storage values

This appendix describes the units of measure that are used to express data storage values in
the IBM Tape Storage products. For example, in the IBM TS4500 tape library displays data
storage values by using decimal (base-10) prefixes and binary (base-2) units of
measurement.
Decimal units such as KB, MB, GB, and TB are commonly used to express data storage
values, although these values are more accurately expressed by using binary units, such as
KiB, MiB, GiB, and TiB. At the kilobyte level, the difference between decimal and binary units
of measurement is relatively small (2.4%). This difference grows as data storage values
increase, and when values reach terabyte levels, the difference between decimal and binary
units approaches 10%.
To reduce the possibility of confusion, this appendix represents data storage by using
decimal and binary units. Data storage values are displayed by using the following format:
#### decimal unit (binary unit)
By this example, the value 512 terabytes is displayed as shown in the following example:
512 TB (465.6 TiB)

Table A-1 compares the names, symbols, and values of the binary and decimal units.
Table A-1 Comparison of binary and decimal units and values

Decimal Binary
Name Symbol Value Name Symbol Value

(BASE10) (BASE2)
kilo K 103 kibi Ki 210
mega M 106 mebi Mi 220
giga G 109 gibi Gi 230
tera T 1012 tebi Ti 240
peta P 1015 pebi Pi 250
exa E 1018 exbi Ei 260
Table A-2 lists the increasing percentage difference between binary and decimal units.
Table A-2 Percentage difference between binary and decimal units

Decimal value Binary value Percentage difference
100 kilobytes (KB) 97.65 kibibytes (KiB) 2.35%
100 megabytes (MB) 95.36 mebibytes (MiB) 4.64%
100 gigabytes (GB) 93.13 gibibytes (GiB) 6.87%
100 terabytes (TB) 90.94 tebibytes (TiB) 9.06%
100 petabytes (PB) 88.81 pebibytes (PiB) 11.19%
100 exabytes (EB) 86.73 exbibytes (EiB) 13.27%

B
Appendix B. IBM LTO Ultrium and 3592 media

When an IBM tape library is ordered, it is supplied with one Ultrium data cartridge or one 3592
data cartridge and one cleaning cartridge at no charge. Each member of the IBM 35xx and
TS3xxx tape library family has different media features and rules that apply when the order is
placed. The information in this appendix assists you when you are ordering more media.
To order media for your Ultrium or 3592 tape drives, see the following IBM storage media
authorized distributors’ website:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/media/distributors
On this page, select your location to view a list of authorized distributors.
For a list of other features for IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium and 3592 supply data
cartridges with bar code labels that are separately delivered to the data cartridges, see
“Features available with the initial IBM hardware order” on page 290. The value of bar code
labels cannot be predetermined. For cartridges with predefined bar code labels and
predetermined bar code values, order cartridges from an IBM reseller (see Table B-9 on
page 307).
Media suppliers can supply tape cartridges from various manufacturers or offer a choice of
brands. The tape cartridges that you use must be manufactured by a qualified LTO media
company to meet LTO standards.
This appendix includes the following topics:

򐂰 “Features available with the initial IBM hardware order” on page 290
򐂰 “IBM 3589 LTO Ultrium tape cartridges” on page 292
򐂰 “Bar code labels” on page 299
򐂰 “IBM 3599 tape cartridges” on page 299
򐂰 “Labeling service” on page 305

Features available with the initial IBM hardware order
The following media features are available for inclusion with the initial hardware order. All
media and cleaning cartridges are warranted separately from the IBM Ultrium hardware.
IBM stand-alone tape drives

The following IBM stand-alone tape drives are available:
Part number 46C2084 or feature code 8505 provides a pack of five Ultrium 5
data cartridges.
Part number 46C2084 or feature code 8505 provides a pack of five Ultrium 5
data cartridges.
Part number 39P1901 or feature code 8605 provides a pack of five Ultrium 6
data cartridges.
Part number 39P1901 or feature code 8605 provides a pack of five Ultrium 6
data cartridges.
Feature code 8706 provides a pack of five Ultrium 7 data cartridges.
Feature code 8806 provides a pack of five Ultrium 8 data cartridges.
IBM TS2900 tape autoloader

The following chargeable features provide media with the TS2900 tape autoloader and are
available with the initial order:
򐂰 Part number 46C2084 or feature code 8505 provides a pack of five Ultrium 5
data cartridges.
򐂰 Part number 39P1901 or feature code 8605 provides a pack of five Ultrium 6
data cartridges.
򐂰 Feature code 8706 provides a pack of five Ultrium 7 data cartridges.
򐂰 Feature code 8807 provides a single Ultrium cleaning cartridge. For the high volume
sellers, the cleaning cartridge must be ordered by using part number 23R7008.
IBM TS3100 tape library

The following chargeable features provide media with the TS3100 tape library and are

The following chargeable features provide media with the TS3200 tape library and are

For more information about ordering media supplies for the TS3310 tape library, see “IBM
3589 LTO Ultrium tape cartridges” on page 292.


3589 LTO Ultrium tape cartridges” on page 292, and “IBM 3599 tape cartridges” on page 299.

3589 LTO Ultrium tape cartridges” on page 292, and “IBM 3599 tape cartridges” on page 299.
Appendix B. IBM LTO Ultrium and 3592 media 291

IBM 3589 LTO Ultrium tape cartridges
To ensure that the IBM Ultrium tape drive conforms to the IBM specification for reliability, use
only IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges. IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridges cannot be
interchanged with the media that is used in other IBM non-LTO Ultrium tape products.
Table B-1 lists the generations of IBM Ultrium data cartridges, which are identified by color.
Table B-1 LTO Ultrium data cartridges identified by color

Data cartridge Case color
Ultrium 8 WORMa Burgundy and silvery gray
Ultrium 8 Burgundy
Ultrium 7 WORM Purple and silvery gray
Ultrium 7 Purple
Ultrium 6 WORM Black and silvery gray
Ultrium 6 Black
Ultrium 5 WORM Burgundy and silvery gray
Ultrium 5 Burgundy
Ultrium 4 WORM Green top, platinum (silvery gray bottom)
Ultrium 4 Green
Ultrium 3 WORM Blue top, platinum (silvery gray bottom)
Ultrium 3 Blue
Ultrium 2 Purple
Ultrium 1 Black
a. Ultrium 8 WORM tape cartridges are available from media resellers.

All six generations contain ½-inch, dual-coat, metal-particle tape. Table B-2 lists the native
capacity of Ultrium data cartridges.
Table B-2 Native capacity of the Ultrium data cartridges

Ultrium 8 WORMa 12 TB (30 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 8 12 TB (30TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 7 M8 Formatb 9 TB (22.5 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 7 WORM 6 TB (15 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 7 6 TB (15 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 6 WORM 2.5 TB (6.25 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 6 2.5 TB (6.25 TB at a 2.5:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 5 WORM 1.5 TB (3.0 TB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 5 1.5 TB (3.0 TB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 4 WORM 800 GB (1600 GB at a 2:1 compression ratio)
Ultrium 3 WORM 400 GB (800 GB at a 2:1 compression ratio)

a. Ultrium 8 WORM tape cartridges are available from media resellers.
b. M8 media will not be supported on WORM cartridges.
Cartridge compatibility
Table B-3 lists the compatibility of all Ultrium cartridges in Ultrium 8-4 tape drives.
Table B-3 Ultrium data cartridge compatibility.

IBM IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge generation
Ultrium
tape drive
12 TB 9 TB 6 TB 2.5 TB 1.5 TB 800 GB 400 GB

(Ultrium 8) M8 Format L7 Format (Ultrium 6) (Ultrium 5) (Ultrium 4) (Ultrium 3)
(Ultrium 7) (Ultrium 7)
Ultrium 8 Read/write Read/write Read/write N/A N/A N/A N/A
Ultrium 7 N/A N/A Read/write Read/write Read only N/A N/A
Ultrium 6 N/A N/A N/A Read/write Read/write Read only N/A
Ultrium 5 N/A N/A N/A N/A Read/write Read/write Read only
Ultrium 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Read/write Read/write

Model description and ordering media supplies
This section includes two tables to help you easily find the media description and several
methods that can be used to order the media.
Table B-4 lists the models of the IBM Storage Tape Media 3589 for use with IBM Ultrium tape
drives. IBM 3589 now supports volume serial (VOLSER) labels with embedded
radio-frequency identification (RFID)-enabled bar code labels, which store and allow remote
retrieval of VOLSER information. RFID labels contain a 216-bit unique pre-programmed field
and a 256-bit user-defined field. These RFID labels work with most standard asset tracking
and management software. RFID labels for LTO-8 tape cartridges are available from media
resellers.
Table B-4 3589 media (20-pack)

Model Description Media Feature
identifier code
3589-02 IBM Ultrium 1 cartridge (100 GB) with labels L1 FC2020
3589-03 IBM Ultrium 1 cartridge (100 GB) without labels FC3020
3589-14 IBM Ultrium 5 cartridge (1.5 TB) with labels L5 FC1420
3589-15 IBM Ultrium 5 cartridge (1.5 TB) without labels FC1520
3589-550 IBM Ultrium 6 cartridge (2.5 TB) with labels L6 FC5500
3589-650 IBM Ultrium 6 cartridges (2.5 TB) without labels FC6500
3589-551 IBM Ultrium 7 cartridge (6 TB) with labels L7 FC5501
3589-651 IBM Ultrium 7 cartridge (6 TB) without labels FC6501
3589-452 IBM Ultrium 7 M8 cartridge (9 TB) with labels M8 FC5521
3589-552 IBM Ultrium 8 cartridge (12 TB) with labels L8 FC5502
3589 652 IBM Ultrium 8 cartridge (12 TB) without labels FC6502
3589-28 IBM Ultrium 3 WORM cartridge (400 GB) with labels LT FC2820
3589-29 IBM Ultrium 3 WORM cartridge (400 GB) without labels FC2920
3589-32 IBM Ultrium 4 WORM cartridge (800 GB) with labels LU FC3220
3589-33 IBM Ultrium 4 WORM cartridge (800 GB) without labels FC3320
3589-34 IBM Ultrium 5 WORM cartridge (1.5 TB) with labels LV FC3420
3589-35 IBM Ultrium 5 WORM cartridge (1.5 TB) without labels FC3520
3589-570 IBM Ultrium 6 WORM cartridge (2.5 TB) with labels LW FC5700
3589-670 IBM Ultrium 6 WORM cartridge (2.5 TB) without labels FC6700

Model Description Media Feature
identifier code
3589-571 IBM Ultrium 7 WORM cartridge (6 TB) with labels LX FC5701
3589-671 IBM Ultrium 7 WORM cartridge (6 TB) without labels FC6701
3589 IBM Ultrium 8 WORM cartridge (12 TB) with labels LY Available
from media
resellers.
3589 IBM Ultrium 7 WORM cartridge (12 TB) without labels Available
from media
resellers.
With the media identifier, the following type of cartridge is identified:

򐂰 Media identifier L1 is an Ultrium 1 cartridge
򐂰 Media identifier M8 is an Ultrium 7 cartridge formatted for LTO8 use
򐂰 Media identifier LT is an Ultrium 3 WORM cartridge
򐂰 Media identifier LU is an Ultrium 4 WORM cartridge
򐂰 Media identifier LV is an Ultrium 5 WORM cartridge
򐂰 Media identifier LW is an Ultrium 6 WORM cartridge
򐂰 Media identifier LX is an Ultrium 7 WORM cartridge
򐂰 Media identifier LY is an Ultrium 8 WORM cartridge

Table B-5 lists the media supplies. To find the closest IBM-authorized distributor, call
1-888-IBM-MEDIA or see the following IBM Storage media web page:
http://www.ibm.com/storage/media
Table B-5 Media supplies

Item type Description Quantity Order by machine type or Order by part number from an
model from an IBM sales IBM authorized distributor
representative or authorized
IBM Business Partner
Data cartridges (with Ultrium 8 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 01PL041L

labels) Model: 552
(Specify the Ultrium 7 M8 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 N/A

VOLSER characters Model: 452
that you want.)
Ultrium 7 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 N/A
Model: 551
Ultrium 6 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 00V7590L

Model: 550
Ultrium 5 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 46X1953 (color label)

Model: 014 46X1951 (black and white label)
Ultrium 4 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 95P4443 (color label)

Model: 010 95P4445 (black and white label)


Data cartridges Ultrium 8 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 01PL041

(without labels) Model: 652
Order VOLSER Ultrium 8 5-pack

labels separately
Ultrium 7 M8 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 28L7302
(for more
Model: 651
information, see
“Bar code labels” on Ultrium 7 M8 5-pack
page 299).
Ultrium 7 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 N/A
Model: 651
Ultrium 7 5-pack
Ultrium 6 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 00V7590

Model: 650
Ultrium 6 5-pack 35P1902
Ultrium 5 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 46X1960

Model: 015
Ultrium 5 5-pack 46C2084
Ultrium 4 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 95P4447

Model: 011
Ultrium 3 1 Machine Type: 3589 24R1922

Model: 009

WORM cartridges Ultrium 7 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 N/A

(with labels) Model: 571
(Specify the Ultrium 6 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 00V7591L

VOLSER characters Model: 570
that you want.)
Ultrium 5 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 46X1965 (color label)
Model: 034 46X1963 (black and white label)

WORM cartridges that are

labeled with starting volume
serial information and,
optionally, packed in
individual jewel cases.
Ultrium 3 20-pack Machine Type: 3589

Model: 028

labeled with starting volume
serial information and,
optionally, packed in
individual jewel cases.
WORM cartridges Ultrium 7 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 38L7303

(without labels) Model: 671
Order VOLSER Ultrium 6 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 00V7591

labels separately Model: 670
(for more
Ultrium 5 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 46X1972
information, see
Model: 035
“Bar code labels” on
page 299”). Ultrium 4 20-pack Machine Type: 3589 95P4461
Model: 033
Ultrium 3 20-pack Machine Type: 3589

Model: 029
Feature Core 2920

packed in individual jewel
cases with unattached blank
labels.
Cleaning Cartridge Universal 5-pack Machine Type: 3589 35L2086

(with label) Cleaning Model: 004
Cartridge Feature Core 4005
Repair Tools Leader Pin 1 Not available in the sales 08L9129

Reattachment channel
Kit
Manual 1 Not available in the sales 08L9130

Rewind Tool channel

Bar code labels
The LTO Ultrium 6 tape drives do not require cartridge bar code labels. However, if you use
your data cartridges or cleaning cartridges in an IBM tape library product, you might need
cartridge bar code labels if your tape library product requires them. You can order these
labels separately from the IBM data cartridges and cleaning cartridges.
You can order bar code labels directly from the authorized label suppliers that are listed in
Table B-9 on page 307.
IBM 3599 tape cartridges

This section provides information about how to order media supplies, including feature codes
and part numbers for ordering media supplies for 3592 tape drives. Selected media supplies
can be ordered by using feature codes when a 3592 drive is purchased. This method is the
pack-in method of ordering, and the media is included with the hardware order. Not all media
types are available with this method.
The 3599 tape media method is available for ordering all types of data and cleaning
cartridges. This method is typically used for ordering larger quantities and for ordering
initialized and pre-labeled cartridges. Media supplies also can be ordered by using part
numbers through distributors that are authorized by IBM.
Model description
For clients who order media by using the 3599 tape media method, with IBM Enterprise Tape
Media 3599, you can order unlabeled, prelabeled, initialized, and bulk-packaged tape data
cartridges. You can order them in various combinations. You also can order cleaning
cartridges for the TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, TS1140, TS1130, TS1120, and 3592 J1A tape
drives.
Each 3592 data cartridge contains a passive, contactless, silicon storage device called
cartridge memory (CM). The CM module holds information about that specific cartridge, the
media in the cartridge, and the data on the media. The cartridge and media information is
stored in a protected, read-only area of the CM. When the cartridge is loaded into the drive, a
CM reader in the drive uses a contactless, radio-frequency interface to read the information.
Each cleaning cartridge also contains a CM module, which tracks the number of cleaning
uses and the location of the used cleaning media.
Cartridge capacity depends on the following recording formats of the tape drive that is writing
the cartridges:
򐂰 TS1160 can write in format J6, J5A, and J5. TS1160 models 60G, 60F, and 60E can also
write in encrypted formats J6-E, J5A-E, and J5-E, which do not change the capacity of the
cartridge compared to the non-encrypted format.
򐂰 TS1155 can write in format J5A and J5. TS1155 models 55G, 55F, and 55E can also write
in encrypted formats J5A-E and J5-E, which do not change the capacity of the cartridge
compared to the non-encrypted format.
򐂰 TS1150 can write in format J5 and J4. TS1150 models E08 and EH8 can also write in
encrypted formats J4-E and J5-E, which do not change the capacity of the cartridge

򐂰 TS1140 can write in format J4 and J3. TS1140 models E07 and EH7 can also write in
򐂰 TS1130 can write in the J3 and J2 formats. The TS1140 model E06 can also write in
򐂰 TS1120 writes in J1 or J2 format, and the E05 also can write in encrypted format J2-E,
which does not change the capacity of the cartridge compared to the non-encrypted
format.
򐂰 3592-J1A writes in Format J1 only.
3592 media types

The TS1160 tape drive uses the Advanced Data (type JE) and Advanced WORM (type JV)
cartridges. The type JE and JV cartridges have a maximum capacity of 20000 GB when the
TS1160 is used.
The TS1155 tape drive uses the Advanced Data (type JD) and Advanced WORM (type JZ)
cartridges. The type JD and JZ cartridges have a maximum capacity of 15000 GB when the
TS1155 is used.
The TS1150 tape drive uses the Advanced Data (type JD) and Advanced WORM (type JZ)
cartridges. The type JD and JZ cartridges have a maximum capacity of 10000 GB.
TS1150 and TS1140 tape drives uses the Advanced Data (type JC) and Advanced WORM
(type JY) cartridges. The type JC and JY cartridges have a maximum capacity of 4000 GB in
J4 format and 7000 GB in J5 format.
Tape drives TS1140, TS1130, and TS1120 all can use 3592 Extended Data (type JB) and
Extended WORM (type JX) with a maximum capacity of 1600 GB that uses the J4 format,
1000 GB that uses the J3 format, and 700 GB that uses the J2 format. The 3592 E07 tape
drive can read format J2 only.
Tape drives TS1130, TS1120, and 3592 JIA use 3592 Standard Data (type JA) and Standard
WORM (type JW) cartridges with a maximum capacity of 640 GB that uses J3 format, 500 GB
that uses J2 format, and 300 GB that uses J1 format. The TS1140 tape drive does support
cartridge types JA and JW in read-only on any format.
Tape drives TS1130, TS1140, and 3592 JIA use 3592 Economy Data (type JJ) and Economy
WORM (type JR) cartridges with a maximum capacity of 128 GB that uses J3 format, 100 GB
that uses J2 format, and 60 GB that uses J1 format. The 3592 E07 tape drive supports
cartridge types JJ and JR in read-only on any format.
The TS1140 tape drive uses the 3592 Advanced Economy (type JK) cartridge with a
maximum capacity of 500 GB that uses J4 format and 900 GB in J5 format.
The TS1150 and TS1155 tape drive uses the 3592 Advanced Economy (type JL) cartridge
with a maximum capacity of 2000 GB in J5 format and 3000 GB in J5A format.
The TS1160 tape drive uses the 3592 Advanced Economy (type JM) cartridge with a
maximum capacity of 4000 GB in J6 format.

Ordering 3592 media supplies by using the 3599 tape media method
If you order media by using the 3599 tape media method, IBM Enterprise Tape Media 3599,
you can order unlabeled, pre-labeled, initialized, and bulk-packaged data cartridges in
various combinations. You also can order cleaning cartridges. Table B-6 lists the data
cartridges that can be ordered by using the 3599 tape media method.
Table B-6 3599 media feature description

3599 Media ID/ Feature Code for labeling, Format Individual Description
model Feature initialization, and quantity cartridge
Code capacity
Regular RFID
011 JA/9030 1020 1021 9082 640 GB 3592 Enterprise Tape Cartridge
labeled and initialized
9081 500 GB
9080 300 GB
012 JA/9030 2020 2021 N/A 500 GB 3592 Enterprise Tape Cartridge
labeled and not initialized
300 GB
013 JA/9030 3020 N/A N/A 500 GB 3592 Enterprise Tape Cartridge
not labeled and not initialized
300 GB
014 JB/9032 4020 4021 9084 1600 GB 3592 Extended Tape Cartridge
9082 1000 GB
9081 700 GB
015 JB/9032 5020 5021 N/A 700 GB 3592 Extended Tape Cartridge
016 JB/9032 6020 N/A N/A 700 GB 3592 Extended Tape Cartridge
420 JC/9035 4211 4221 9084 4 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

520 JC/9035 5221 5231 N/A 4 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

620 JC/9035 6200 N/A N/A 4 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

JC/9035 N/A N/A N/A 7 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge



425 JD/9036 4251 4261 9085 15 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

525 JD/9036 5251 5261 N/A 15 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

625 JD/9036 6250 N/A N/A 15 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge


Code capacity
Regular RFID
JE 20 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

JE N/A 20 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

JE N/A 20 TB 3592 Advanced Tape Cartridge

E11 JJ/9050 1120 1121 9082 128 GB 3592 Economy Tape Cartridge
9081 100 GB
9080 60 GB
E12 JJ/9050 1220 1221 N/A 60 GB 3592 Economy Tape Cartridge

E13 JJ/9050 1320 N/A N/A 60 GB 3592 Economy Tape Cartridge

430 JK/9052 4300 4310 9084 500 GB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape
Cartridge labeled and initialized
530 JK/9052 5300 5310 N/A 500 GB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape
Cartridge labeled and not
initialized
630 JK/9052 6300 N/A N/A 500 GB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape
Cartridge not labeled and not
initialized
JK/9052 N/A N/A N/A 900 GB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape


initialized

initialized
435 JL/9054 4351 4361 9085 2 TB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape

535 JL/9054 5351 5361 N/A 2 TB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape

initialized
635 JL/9054 6351 N/A N/A 2 TB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape

initialized
JM 5 TB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape

JM N/A 5 TB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape

initialized

Code capacity
Regular RFID
JM N/A N/A 5TB 3592 Advanced Economy Tape

initialized
021 JR/9042 3120 3121 9082 128 GB 3592 WORM Tape Cartridge
9081 100 GB
9080 60 GB
022 JR/9042 3220 3221 N/A 100 GB 3592 WORM Tape Cartridge
60 GB
023 JR/9042 3320 N/A N/A 100 GB 3592 WORM Tape Cartridge
60 GB
021 JW/9040 2120 2121 9082 640 GB 3592 WORM Tape Cartridge
9081 500 GB
9080 300 GB
022 JW/9040 2220 2221 N/A 500 GB 3592 WORM Tape Cartridge
300 GB
023 JW/9040 2320 N/A N/A 500 GB 3592 WORM Tape Cartridge
300 GB
024 JX/9044 2420 2421 9082 1000 GB 3592 Extended WORM Tape
9081 700 GB
025 JX/9044 2520 2521 N/A 700 GB 3592 Extended WORM Tape
initialized
026 JX/9044 2620 N/A N/A 700 GB 3592 Extended WORM Tape
initialized
440 JY/9046 4400 4410 9084 5 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

540 JY/9046 5400 5410 N/A 5 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

initialized
640 JY/9046 6400 N/A N/A 5 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

initialized
JY/9046 N/A N/A N/A 7 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape


initialized

Code capacity
Regular RFID

initialized
445 JZ/9046 4455 4465 9085 15 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

545 JZ/9046 5451 5461 N/A 15 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

initialized
645 JZ/9046 645 N/A N/A 15 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

initialized
JV 20 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

JV N/A 20 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

initialized
JV N/A N/A 20 TB 3592 Advanced WORM Tape

initialized
017 JA FC 7005 NA No N/A 5-pack 3592 Cleaning

Cartridges, with media
identification labels
017 JA FC 7006 NA No N/A 5-pack 3592 Cleaning

Cartridges, without media
identification labels
With the 3599 tape media method of ordering, model numbers are used to identify the
cartridge types. Feature code combinations are used to specify the quantities, labeling, and
initialization options.
IBM 3599 supports volume serial number (VOLSER) labels with embedded radio frequency
identification (RFID)-enabled bar code labels, which store and allow remote retrieval of
VOLSER information. RFID labels contain a 216-bit unique pre-programmed field and a
256-bit user-defined field. These RFID labels work with most standard asset tracking and
management software.
Important: For cartridges that are not initialized, the actual cartridge capacity depends on
the format that is used to write the cartridge.

Table B-7 lists the data cartridges and media supplies that you can order for the 3592
tape drives.
Table B-7 Media supplies for the 3592 drive

Supply item Media ID Part number
IBM 3592 Advanced Enterprise Tape Cartridge JE
IBM 3592 Advanced Enterprise Tape Cartridge JD 2727263
IBM 3592 Advanced Enterprise Tape Cartridge JC 46X7452
IBM 3592 Extended Enterprise Tape Cartridge JB 25R9830
IBM 3592 Enterprise Tape Cartridge JA 18P7534
IBM 3592 Economy Tape Cartridge JJ 24R0316
IBM 3592 Advanced Economy Tape Cartridge JK 46X7453
IBM 3592 Advanced Economy Tape Cartridge JL 2727264
IBM 3592 Advanced Economy Tape Cartridge JM
IBM 3592 Economy Tape Cartridge Worm JR 24R0317
IBM 3592 Enterprise Cartridge WORM JW 18P7538
IBM 3592 Extended Enterprise Cartridge WORM JX 23R9831
IBM 3592 Advanced Enterprise Cartridge WORM JY 46X7454
IBM 3592 Advanced Enterprise Cartridge WORM JZ 2727265
IBM 3592 Advanced Enterprise Cartridge WORM JV
IBM Enterprise Data Cartridge 3592 cleaning, 50 uses JA 18P7535
You can use one of the following methods to order the cartridges:
򐂰 Order by part number through an IBM authorized distributor. For more information about
the nearest distributor, see the IBM Storage media page at this website:
򐂰 If you do not have internet access, you can order the cartridges from any authorized IBM
Business Partner or your IBM marketing representative.
򐂰 Call 1-888-IBM-MEDIA.
Note: All WORM cartridges must be ordered by using their part number, as shown in
Table B-7 on page 305.
Labeling service
The labeling service applies to IBM 3589 and IBM 3599 media types that have labels, as
described in the previous sections.
Six characters are in the VOLSER. IBM provides specific codes to give you the flexibility to
choose where to begin the volume range that you require. The sixth character is always a
0 character because your volume serial range always must begin at a 0 boundary for
labeling.

Also, the labels that are supplied are sequential. For example, if you order 20 cartridges, the
first cartridge is labeled with a sixth digit of 0, and the 20th cartridge is labeled with a sixth
digit of 9.
The character identifier features are four-digit feature numbers in the form 9nnn, where:
򐂰 The first digit (9) indicates that the feature carries no charge.
򐂰 A second digit of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 indicates which character in the VOLSER this feature is
specifying (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th).
򐂰 The third and fourth digits range 00 - 35, where 00 - 09 represent the characters 1 - 9, and
10 - 35 represent the characters A - Z.
Choose the first 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 digits by using the following feature numbers:

򐂰 For the first alphanumeric digit (0 - 9 or A - Z), use FC9100 (0) to FC9135 (Z).
򐂰 For the second alphanumeric digit (0 - 9 or A - Z), use FC9200 (0) to FC9235 (Z).
򐂰 For the third alphanumeric digit (0 - 9 or A - Z), use FC9300 (0) to FC9335 (Z).
򐂰 For the fourth numeric digit (0 - 9), use FC9400 (0) to FC9409 (9).
򐂰 For the fifth numeric digit (0 - 9), use FC9500 (0) to FC9509 (9).
򐂰 The sixth numeric digit is set to 0 as standard.
򐂰 The seventh and eighth characters of the VOLSER are set based on media type. For more
information, see the “Media identifier” column in Table B-4 on page 294 and “Labeling
service” on page 305.
If you do not specify a feature code, the supplied starting character is a 0. Therefore, if you
specify features for the first three characters as ABC but no more, the sequence of labels
begins ABC000.
The following specific features indicate requirements for colored labels:

򐂰 FC9077 specifies a white background.
򐂰 FC9022 specifies a colored background for alphabetic characters.
If you specify FC9022, you can choose from 10 available colors, as listed in Table B-8.
Table B-8 Color specify feature codes for the IBM 3599
Alpha prefix Feature code Alpha prefix Feature code
background background
Red 9003 Orange 9008
Yellow 9004 Pink 9009
Light green 9005 Dark green 9010
Light blue 9006 Light orange 9011
Gray 9007 Purple 9012

Ordering bar code labels
You can order bar code labels from one of the authorized suppliers that are listed in
Table B-9.
Table B-9 Authorized suppliers of custom bar code labels

In the Americas In Europe and Asia
EDP/Tri-Optic EDP Europe, Ltd.

6800 West 117th Avenue 43 Redhills Road
Broomfield, CO 80020 South Woodham Ferrers
US Chelmsford, Essex CM3 5UL
Telephone: 888-438-8362 UK
http://www.tri-optic.com Telephone: 44 (0) 1245-322380
http://www.edpeurope.com/en/products/media-labels-and-
storage
Dataware Dataware Labels Europe

P.O. Box 740947 12 Ashley Street
Houston, TX 77274 Chatwood NSW 2067
US Australia
Telephone: 800-426-4844 Telephone: (029) 496-1111
http://www.datawarelabels.com http://www.datawarelabels.com
NetC NetC
100 Corporate Drive 100 Corporate Drive
Trumbull, CT 06611 Trumbull, CT 06611
US US
Telephone: 203-372-6382 Telephone: 203-372-6382
http://www.netcllc.com http://www.netcllc.com
NetC Asia Pacific Pty Ltd

Postal Address: PO Box 872
Cooroy QLD 4563
Australia
Telephone: 61 (0)7 5442 6263
http://www.netclabels.com.au

C
Appendix C. IBM tape product names

All tape products are preceded by the IBM TS brand name. The short names that are defined
in the related product tables that are included in this appendix must appear in parentheses
and must be used exclusively in the rest of the document. The use of the short name (for
example, “machine type” or “model”) is acceptable only in diagrams or presentation material.
Exceptions are tape virtualization products with names that are preceded with Virtualization
Engine, library frames, and media.

򐂰 “TS series family names” on page 310
򐂰 “TS1000 tape drives (LTO)” on page 310
򐂰 “TS1100 tape drives (Enterprise)” on page 310
򐂰 “TS2000 tape enclosures (LTO)” on page 311
򐂰 “TS2900 tape autoloader” on page 313
򐂰 “TS4300 tape library” on page 313
򐂰 “TS4500 tape library” on page 314

TS series family names
The TS series family names that are include the following breakdown:
򐂰 The 1000 series is reserved for tape drives,; for example, the TS1160 (3592) and TS1080
(LTO Ultrium) tape drives.
򐂰 The 2000 series is reserved for storage enclosures, for example, the TS2200 and TS2300
LTO Ultrium tape drives.
򐂰 The 3000/4000 series is reserved for automation, for example, the TS4500 tape library.
򐂰 The 7000 series is reserved for virtualization, for example, the TS7700 Virtual tape library.
The tables in the following sections identify the IBM tape products with the machine type and
model, the new name, and a short name.
TS1000 tape drives (LTO)

Table C-1 lists the TS1000 tape drive naming conventions, including machine type, model,
new name, and short name.
Table C-1 TS1000 tape drive naming

M/T Model New name Short name
3580 IBM TS1000 LTO tape drive Series
3588 F3A IBM TS1030 tape drive Model F3A 3588 F3A
F3B IBM TS1030 tape drive Model F3B TS1030 LTO tape drive
F4A IBM TS1040 tape drive Model F4A TS1040 LTO tape drive
TS1100 tape drives (Enterprise)

Table C-2 lists the TS1100 tape drive naming conventions, including machine type, model,
Table C-2 TS1100 tape drive naming

3592

3592 J1A 3592 J1A tape drive
E05 IBM TS1120 tape drive Model E05 TS1120 tape drive
EU6 IBM TS1130 tape drive Model EU6 TS1130 tape drive
EH7 IBM TS1140 tape drive Model EH7 TS1140 tape drive
EH8 IBM TS1150 tape drive Model EH8 TS1150 tape drive
55E/55F/55G IBMTS155 tape drive Model 55E/55F/55G TS1155 tape drive
60E/60F/60G IBMTS160 tape drive Model 60E/60F/60G TS1160 tape drive
C06 IBM 3592 Tape Controller Model C06 3952 C06 Tape Controller
C07 IBM 3592 Tape Controller Model C07 3592 C07 Tape Controller
C20 IBM 3592 Tape Frame Model C20 3592 C20 Frame
TS2000 tape enclosures (LTO)

Table C-3 lists the TS2000 tape enclosure naming conventions, including machine type,
model, new name, and short name.
Table C-3 TS2000 Tape enclosure naming

M/T Model New names Short name
3580 IBM TS2000 Storage Enclosures Series
3580 H3L IBM TS2230 tape drive Model L3E (LVD – AAS) TS2230 tape drive
H3S IBM TS2230 tape drive Model H3S (SAS – AAS)
L3E IBM TS2230 tape drive Model H3S (LVD – HVEC)
S3E IBM TS2230 tape drive Model H3S (SAS – AAS)
S3V IBM TS2230 tape drive Model H3V (SAS – AAS)
L43 IBM TS2340 tape drive Model L43 (LVD – AAS) TS2340 tape drive
S43 IBM TS2340 tape drive Model S43 (SAS – AAS)
L4X IBM TS2340 tape drive Model L4X (LVD – HVEC)
S4X IBM TS2340 tape drive Model S4X (SAS – HVEC)
S4V IBM TS2340 tape drive Model H4V (SAS – HVEC)
Appendix C. IBM tape product names 311

M/T Model New names Short name
3580 H4S IBM TS2240 tape drive Model H4S (SAS – AAS) TS2240 tape drive
S4E IBM TS2240 tape drive Model S4E (SAS – HVEC)
E4S IBM TS2240 tape drive Model E4E (SAS – HVEC)
S53 IBM TS2350 tape drive Model S53 (SAS – AAS) TS2350 tape drive
H5S IBM TS2250 tape drive Model H5S (SAS – AAS) TS2250 tape drive
S63 IBM TS2360 tape drive Model S63 (SAS – AAS) TS2360 tape drive
H8S IBM TS2280 tape drive Model H8S (SAS – AAS and HVEC) TS2270 tape drive

TS2900 tape autoloader
Table C-4 lists the TS2900 tape autoloader naming conventions, including machine type,
model, new name, and short name.
Table C-4 TS2900 tape autoloader naming

3572 IBM TS2900 tape autoloader TS2900 tape

autoloader
3572 S3H IBM TS2900 tape autoloader Model S3H (AAS)
S3R IBM TS2900 tape autoloader Model S3R (HVEC)
S3E IBM TS2900 tape autoloader Model S3E (HVEC/ seller)
S4H IBM TS2900 tape autoloader Model S4H (AAS)
S4E IBM TS2900 tape autoloader Model S4E (HVEC/ seller)
S8H IBM TS2900 tape autoloader Model S8H (AAS and HVEC)
TS4300 tape library

Table C-5 lists the TS4300 tape library naming conventions, including machine type, model,
Table C-5 TS4300 tape library naming

3555 IBM TS4300 tape library TS4300 tape library
355 L3A IBM TS4300 tape library Model L3A L3A Module
E3A IBM TS4300 tape library Model E3A E3A Module
Appendix C. IBM tape product names 313

TS4500 tape library
Table C-6 lists the TS4500 tape library naming conventions, including machine type, model,
Table C-6 TS4500 tape library naming

3584 IBM TS4500 tape library TS4500 tape library
3584 L25 IBM TS4500 Model L25 TS4500 L25 Frame
L55 IBM TS4500 Model L55 TS4500 L55 Frame
D25 IBM TS4500 Model D25 TS4500 D25 Frame
D55 IBM TS4500 Model D55 TS4500 D55 Frame
S25 IBM TS4500 Model S25 TS4500 S25 Frame
S55 IBM TS4500 Model S55 TS4500 S55 Frame

D
Appendix D. IBM Fibre Channel storage area

network product portfolio
This chapter guides you through the IBM storage area network (SAN) components that are
offered through IBM marketing channels. The SAN products are either IBM original
equipment manufacturer (OEM) products or IBM is an authorized reseller of the products.

򐂰 “Classification of IBM SAN products” on page 316
򐂰 “SAN Fibre Channel networking” on page 316
򐂰 “Entry SAN switches” on page 317
򐂰 “Midrange SAN switches” on page 321
򐂰 “Enterprise SAN directors” on page 327
򐂰 “Extension switches” on page 336

Classification of IBM SAN products
To stay competitive in the global marketplace, the right people must have the right access to
the right information at the right time to be effective, creative, and highly innovative. IBM offers
a comprehensive portfolio of SAN switches, storage, software, services, and solutions to
reliably bring information to people in a cost-effective way. IBM provides flexible, scalable, and
open standards-based business-class and global enterprise-class storage networking
solutions for the on-demand world.
IBM helps you to align your storage investment with the value of the information by using a
wide range of tiered storage options, policy-based automation, and intelligent information
management solutions. The IBM SAN portfolio offers the broadest range of storage solutions
in the industry (including disk, tape, SAN, software, financial, and services offerings). You can
use this portfolio to create long-term solutions that can be tailored to your business needs.
IBM SAN tiered disk, tape, and switch solutions provide various choices to align and move
data to cost-optimized storage. This process is based on policies that match the storage
solution with the service level requirements (SLAs) and the value of the data in growing
environments.
You can confidently protect strategic information assets and efficiently comply with regulatory
and security requirements with the unrivaled breadth of storage solutions from IBM. IBM SAN
directors and routers provide metropolitan and global connectivity between sites.
IBM solutions are optimized for the unique needs of midsize organizations, large enterprises,
cloud computing providers, and other businesses. You can get what you need, which saves
time and money. A key benefit of selecting IBM for your next information infrastructure project
is access to a broad portfolio of outstanding products and services. IBM offers highly rated,
patented technology that delivers unique value.
This chapter does not provide an in-depth analysis of all of the technical details of each
product. The intention of this chapter is to introduce the principles and basic components of
the SAN environments to a reasonable extent in a way that is easy to understand and follow.
The products are characterized in the following groups:

򐂰 Entry SAN switches
򐂰 Mid-range SAN switches
򐂰 Enterprise SAN directors
򐂰 Extension switches
For more information about each product and its market position, see this IBM storage
website:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage
SAN Fibre Channel networking

This section describes the IBM products for Fibre Channel-based (optical) data center
networking solutions, starting from entry-level SAN switches to midrange switches up to
enterprise SAN directors and multiprotocol routers.
For more information about the latest IBM SAN products, see this website:
https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/storage/san

Entry SAN switches
Entry-level SAN switches represent easy-to-use preconfigured data center networking
solutions for small and medium business environments. IBM offers the following products in
this category:
򐂰 IBM Storage Networking SAN24B-6
򐂰 IBM System Storage SAN24B-5
򐂰 IBM System Storage SAN24B-4 Express
򐂰 Cisco MDS 9132T 32G Fabric Switch
IBM System Storage SAN24B-6

The IBM Storage Networking Gen 6 SAN24B-6 storage switch provides exceptional value in
an entry-level switch that is ideal for small to midsized data centers that uses all-flash or flash
hybrid arrays. The SAN24B-6 offers Fabric Vision tools for enhanced setup, management,
maintenance, and troubleshooting of the storage network including various device and
VM/application latency measurements. The switch, typically included with 16 Gbps
transceivers, also supports 32 Gbps optics when leading edge performance is required.
The SAN24B-6 (Figure D-1) is easy to use and install, with a point-and-click user interface
that simplifies deployment and saves time with the EZSwitchSetup wizard, featuring a simple
user interface that reduces deployment and configuration time and steps.
For maximum flexibility, the switch is configurable with Ports on Demand (PoD) for 8, 16, or
24 ports, and supports 4, 8, 16, or 32 Gbps speeds in an efficient 1U package, with an
integrated power supply and four built-in fans. The power supply offers real-time, active power
monitoring. SAN24B-6 helps to lower costs, too, with low energy consumption (at 0.10 watts
per Gbps and 3.2 watts per port).
The SAN24B-6 is ready for cloud and next generation flash storage. The switch supports
multi-tenancy in cloud environments through quality of service (QoS) and fabric-based zoning
features and today is NVMe-ready, allowing organizations to seamlessly integrate IBM b-type
Gen 6 Fibre Channel networks with next-generation NVMe, without a disruptive rip and
replace.
Figure D-1 IBM System Storage SAN24B-6
The SAN24B-6 includes the following features:

򐂰 Gen 6 Fibre Channel technology SAN switch
򐂰 Energy-efficient Fibre Channel SAN switch configured with 16 or 32 Gbps performance
and up to 24 ports in a 1U form factor
򐂰 Ports on Demand (PoD) capability for scaling from 12 ports to 24 ports in 8-port
increments
Appendix D. IBM Fibre Channel storage area network product portfolio 317
򐂰 Autosensing of 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, or 16 Gbps port speeds when using 16 Gbps
transceivers, and 8 Gbps, 16 Gbps, or 32 Gbps when using 32 Gbps transceivers
򐂰 Dual functionality as a full-fabric SAN switch or an N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV)-enabled
access gateway
򐂰 Integrate next-generation flash storage based on non-volatile memory express (NVMe)
flash memory with current and future b-type Gen 6 Fibre Channel networks

The IBM System Networking SAN24B-5 switch features Gen 5 Fibre Channel and Fabric
Vision technologies, which provide outstanding price-to-performance value in an entry-level
switch. The SAN24B-5 gives organizations the flexibility, simplicity, and enterprise-class
functions they need to unleash the full potential of high-density server virtualization, cloud
architectures, and next-generation storage.
The switch is configurable in 12 ports or 24 ports, and supports 2 gigabits per second (Gbps),
4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, or 16 Gbps speeds in an efficiently designed 1U form factor. The switch
includes a single power supply and integrated fans. A second optional power supply provides
more redundancy for increased resiliency.
The SAN24B-5 (Figure D-2) provides a critical building block for today’s highly virtualized,
private cloud storage environments. The SAN24B-5 can simplify server virtualization and
virtual desktop infrastructure management while it meets the high-throughput demands of
solid-state disks (SSDs). The SAN24B-5 supports multi-tenancy in cloud environments
through quality of service (QoS) and fabric-based zoning features. It can also help minimize
downtime in mission-critical environments by delivering high reliability, availability, and
serviceability.
Figure D-2 SAN24B-5

򐂰 Gen 5 Fibre Channel technology SAN switch
򐂰 Energy-efficient Fibre Channel SAN switch with 16 Gbps performance and up to 24 ports
in a 1U form factor
򐂰 Ports on Demand (PoD) capability for scaling 12 ports - 24 ports in 12-port increments
򐂰 Autosensing of 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, or 16 Gbps port speeds.
򐂰 Dual functionality as a full-fabric SAN switch or an NPIV-enabled access gateway
򐂰 Innovative diagnostic, monitoring, and management capabilities through Fabric Vision
technology

IBM System Storage SAN24B-4 Express
This system provides high-performance, scalable, and simple-to-use fabric switching by using
8 ports, 16 ports, or 24 ports that operate at 8 Gbps, 4 Gbps, 2 Gbps, or 1 Gbps (depending
on which optical transceiver is used). This system is for servers that run Microsoft Windows,
IBM AIX, UNIX, or Linux operating systems, server clustering, infrastructure simplification,
and business continuity solutions. The SAN24B-4 Express includes an EZSwitchSetup
wizard, which is an embedded setup tool that guides novice users through switch setup, often
in less than 5 minutes. Figure 10-16 shows the front view of the SAN24B-4 switch.
Figure 10-16 Front view of the IBM System Storage SAN24B-4 Express switch
A single SAN24B-4 Express switch can serve as the cornerstone of a SAN for individuals that
want to obtain the benefits of storage consolidation and implement Fibre Channel storage
systems. This entry-level configuration can consist of one or two Fibre Channel links to a disk
storage array or to a Linear Tape Open (LTO) tape drive. An entry-level, 8-port storage
consolidation solution can support up to seven servers with a single path to disk or tape.
The Ports on Demand (PoD) feature enables a base switch to grow to 16 ports and 24 ports
to support more servers and more storage devices without taking the switch offline. A high
availability (HA) solution can be created with redundant switches. This capability is ideal for
server clustering environments.
This configuration can support 6 - 22 servers, each with dual Fibre Channel adapters that are
cross-connected to redundant SAN24B-4 Express switches. These switches are
cross-connected to a dual-controller storage system. The focus of the SAN24B-4 Express is
as the foundation of small to medium-sized SANs.
However, the SAN24B-4 Express can be configured to participate as a full member in an

extended fabric configuration with other members of the IBM System Storage and former
TotalStorage SAN b-type and m-type families. This capability helps provide investment
protection as SAN requirements evolve and grow.

򐂰 Efficient 1U design with 8 ports, 16 ports, or 24 ports configuration on demand
򐂰 Auto-sensing 8 Gbps, 4 Gbps, 2 Gbps, or 1 Gbps ports that enable high performance and
improved utilization while they provide easy installation and management
򐂰 Hot-swappable, small form-factor pluggables (SFPs)
򐂰 Inter-switch link (ISL) trunking for up to eight ports provides a total bandwidth of 128 Gbps
򐂰 Provides Fibre Channel interfaces expansion port (E_port), fabric port (F_port), fabric loop
port (FL_port), and mirror port (M_port)
򐂰 Advanced, hardware-enforced zoning to protect against non-secure, unauthorized, and
unauthenticated network and management access and worldwide name (WWN) spoofing
򐂰 Hot firmware activation for fast firmware upgrades that eliminate disruption to the fabric
򐂰 Compatibility with an earlier version with IBM b-type and m-type
򐂰 Optional as-needed licensed features:
– Adaptive Networking
– Advance Performance Monitor
– Extended Fabric
– Fabric Watch
– Trunking Activation
– Server Application Optimization (SAO)
Cisco MDS 9132T 32G Fabric Switch

The next-generation Cisco MDS 9132T 32G Fabric Switch for IBM Storage Networking
(Figure 10-17) provides high-speed Fibre Channel connectivity from the server rack to the
SAN core. It empowers small, midsized and large enterprises that are rapidly deploying
cloudscale applications using highly dense virtualized servers, by providing dual benefit of
higher bandwidth and consolidation.
Figure 10-17 Cisco MDS 9132T 32G Fabric Switch
This switch has been designed to benefit both small-scale and large-scale SAN deployments.
Small-scale SAN architectures can be built from the ground up using a low-cost,
non-blocking, line-rate and low-latency fixed standalone SAN switch connecting both storage
and host ports. Medium-scale to large-scale SAN architectures built with SAN core directors
can expand 32-Gbps connectivity to the server rack using these switches either in switch
mode or Network Port Virtualization mode.
Additionally, investing in this switch in the server rack provides the day-one option of
upgrading to 32-Gbps server connectivity using the 32-Gbps host bus adapters (HBAs)
already available in the market. The Cisco MDS 9132T also provides unmatched flexibility
through a unique port expansion module that provides a robust, cost-effective,
field-swappable port upgrade option.
Among the main features of the Cisco MDS 9132T are high performance, high availability,
pay-as-you-grow scalability and capital expenditure savings.
򐂰 High performance: MDS 9132T architecture, with chip-integrated non-blocking arbitration,
provides consistent 32-Gbps low-latency performance across all traffic conditions for
every Fibre Channel port on the switch.
򐂰 High availability: MDS 9132T switches continue to provide the same outstanding
availability and reliability as previous generation Cisco MDS 9000 Family switches by
providing optional redundancy on all major components such as the power supply and fan.
Dual power supplies also facilitate redundant power grids.
򐂰 Pay-as-you-grow scalability: The MDS 9132T Fibre Channel switch provides an option to
deploy as few as eight 32-Gbps Fibre Channel ports in the entry-level variant, which can
grow by eight ports to 16 ports and thereafter with a port expansion module with sixteen
32-Gbps ports, to up to 32 ports.

This approach results in lower initial investment and power consumption for entry-level
configurations of up to 16 ports compared to a fully loaded switch. Upgrading through an
expansion module also reduces the overhead of managing multiple instances of port
activation licenses on the switch.
򐂰 Capital expenditure (CapEx) savings: The 32-Gbps ports enable users to deploy them on
existing 16/8/4-Gbps transceivers, reducing CapEx with an option to upgrade to 32-Gbps
transceivers and adapters as needed.
The new 32-Gbps fabric switches address the requirement for highly scalable, virtualized,
intelligent SAN infrastructure in current-generation data center environments. The industry is
already poised to transition to 32-Gbps fixed switches with the availability of 32-Gbps HBAs
and storage arrays from vendors. Additionally, as low-latency flash arrays and highly dense
virtualization deployments become more pervasive, and as storage ports become 32-Gbps
capable, fixed switches will need to provide 32-Gbps connectivity to the SAN core.
This solution offers several important benefits:

򐂰 Server port consolidation: The demand for 32-Gbps fabric switches is driven by
hyperscale virtualizations that will significantly increase the virtual machine density per
rack, and this growth will push the need for higher bandwidth HBA ports per rack of blade
or standalone servers. One way to meet this demand is for 32-Gbps HBA ports to
consolidate the current 16-Gbps HBA installed base to meet future needs to grow the
number of ports. As a result, the MDS 9132T, with its lower port density, can be a preferred
solution, and its flexibility to grow can be an added advantage.
򐂰 Simplification: Through consolidation, a SAN administrator can reduce complexity and
simplify management.
򐂰 Multiprotocol convergence: 32-Gbps links benefit from lower latency compared to
lower-bandwidth links, bringing better-performing storage workloads to your storage array.
Higher bandwidth also helps ensure less inter-switch link (ISL) congestion for newer
storage protocols that are expected to be available on externally attached storage arrays;
for instance, Fibre Channel Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) can co-exist on the
same link as existing SCSI workloads.
򐂰 Scale and performance: This small form-factor switch supports the performance and scale
required to deploy a dedicated and standalone Fibre Channel SAN connecting both
initiators and targets, without requiring any other switching infrastructure.
For more information about entry SAN switches, see this website:
Midrange SAN switches

The IBM Midrange SAN switches provide scalable and affordable small and medium business
and enterprise solutions for storage networking.
The category of midrange SAN switches includes the following products:

򐂰 Cisco MDS 9396S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch
򐂰 IBM System Networking SAN128B-6
򐂰 IBM System Networking SAN96B-5
򐂰 IBM Storage Networking SAN64B-6
򐂰 IBM System Storage SAN48B-5
򐂰 Cisco MDS 9148S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch for IBM System Storage
Cisco MDS 9396S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch
The Cisco MDS 9396S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch for IBM System Storage is the latest
generation of the highly powerful, dense, and reliable Cisco MDS Series switches. This switch
combines high performance with outstanding flexibility and cost-effectiveness. This robust,
compact two rack-unit (2RU) switch scales from 48 to 96 line-rate 16 Gbps Fibre Channel
ports.
The Cisco MDS 9396S is excellent for the following functions:

򐂰 A stand-alone SAN in large departmental storage environment
򐂰 A middle-of-the-row or top-of-the-rack (ToR) switch in medium-sized redundant fabrics
򐂰 An edge switch in enterprise data center core-edge topologies
Powered by Cisco NX-OS Software and Cisco Data Center Network Manager (DCNM)
software, the Cisco MDS 9396S delivers advanced storage networking features and functions
that combine with ease of management and compatibility with the entire Cisco MDS 9000
Family portfolio for reliable end-to-end connectivity. Figure D-3 shows the Cisco MDS 9396S.
Figure D-3 Cisco MDS 9396S
The Cisco MDS 9396S includes the following features:

򐂰 “Pay-as-you-grow” scalability in a high-density switch that supports up to ninety-six
16 Gbps Fibre Channel ports in a compact, two rack-unit (2RU) form factor.
򐂰 Autosensing Fibre Channel ports are provided that deliver up to 16 Gbps of high-speed,
dedicated bandwidth for each port.
򐂰 Availability boost with In-Service Software Upgrades (ISSU), which enable the switch to be
upgraded without affecting network traffic.
򐂰 Built-in storage network management and SAN plug-and-play capabilities.
򐂰 Virtual SAN (VSAN) technology that is used for hardware-enforced, isolated environments
within a physical fabric.
򐂰 Extensive set of innovative and powerful security features that are provided in the optional
Cisco MDS 9300 Family Enterprise Package.
򐂰 Up to 96 autosensing Fibre Channel ports can handle speeds of 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps,
and 16 Gbps, with 16 Gbps of dedicated bandwidth for each port.
򐂰 Base switch includes 48 ports that are enabled.
򐂰 Dual-redundant hot-swappable power supplies and fan trays, PortChannels, and F_port
channeling.

IBM System Networking SAN128B-6
The IBM Storage Networking SAN128B-6 switch with Gen 6 Fibre Channel and Fabric Vision
technology delivers outstanding 32/128 Gbps performance, industry-leading port density, and
automated operations to support storage growth, demanding workloads and data center
consolidation (Figure D-4).
Figure D-4 SAN128B-6

򐂰 Adapt to storage growth and demanding workloads with a high-density, 128-port 32 Gbps
b-type Gen 6 Fibre Channel switch
򐂰 Optimize performance and enhance reliability with advanced monitoring for NVMe
򐂰 Integrate NVMe-ready solutions without a rip-and-replace
򐂰 Simplify end-to-end management of large-scale environments and accelerate operations
by automating repetitive tasks
򐂰 Provide proactive, real-time monitoring and alerting of storage input/output (I/O) health
and performance with integrated network sensors
򐂰 Enable virtual machine (VM) visibility in a storage fabric to monitor and optimize
performance and identify anomalies
IBM System Networking SAN96B-5
The IBM System Networking SAN96B-5 switch is a high-density, purpose-built, foundational
building block for large and growing SAN infrastructures. This switch provides highly resilient,
scalable, and simplified network infrastructure for storage. By delivering market-leading, Gen
5 Fibre Channel technology and capabilities with 16 Gbps performance, the SAN96B-5 meets
the demands of growing, dynamic workloads; evolving, virtualized data centers; and highly
virtualized private and hybrid cloud storage environments (Figure D-5).
Figure D-5 SAN96B-5

򐂰 Enables “pay-as-you-grow” flexibility by using the Ports on Demand (PoD) feature with
speeds up to 16 Gbps
򐂰 Provides Ports on Demand (PoD) feature capability and can scale from 48 ports to
96 ports in 24-port increments
򐂰 Provides data center-to-data center security and bandwidth savings with up to eight
in-flight encryption and compression ports
򐂰 Helps maximize application uptime and performance while it helps reduce expenses with
ClearLink diagnostic technology (D_ports)
򐂰 Offers 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, 10 Gbps, or 16 Gbps speed on all ports
򐂰 Dual functionality as a full-fabric SAN switch or an NPIV-enabled access gateway
򐂰 Multi-tenancy in cloud environments through Virtual Fabrics, Integrated Routing, QoS, and
fabric-based zoning features
򐂰 Provides two models with different airflow options
IBM Storage Networking SAN64B-6

The IBM Gen 6 Storage Networking SAN64B-6 switch meets the demands of hyper-scale
virtualization, larger cloud infrastructures, and growing flash-based storage environments by
delivering market-leading Gen 6 Fibre Channel technology and capabilities of up to 32 Gbps
and 128 Gbps port speed.

Figure D-6 shows the IBM Storage Networking SAN64B-6 switch.
Figure D-6 IBM Storage Networking SAN64B-6 switch
The SAN64B-6 switch includes the following features:

򐂰 Support for both open systems and FICON for IBM Z environments.
򐂰 Gen 6 Fibre Channel switch with 48x32 Gbps performance and up to 48 ports in an
energy-efficient, 1U form factor.
򐂰 8, 16, and 32 Gbps speed on 48 SFP+ ports, and 128 Gbps on four QSFP ports.
򐂰 PoD capability for scaling from 24 to 48 ports in 12-port increments and one Q-Flex POD
for four 128 Gbps ports.
򐂰 Fabric Vision technology capabilities with IO Insight and VM Insight.
򐂰 Integrate next-generation flash storage based on NVMe flash memory with current and
future b-type Gen 6 Fibre Channel networks.
򐂰 Multitenancy in cloud environments through Virtual Fabrics, Integrated Routing, QoS, and
fabric-based zoning features.
򐂰 In-flight data compression and encryption.
򐂰 Provides two models with different airflow options.

The SAN48B-5 switch meets the demands of hyper-scale, private cloud storage
environments by delivering 16 Gbps Fibre Channel technology and capabilities that support
highly virtualized environments.
The SAN48B-5 delivers SAN technology within a flexible, simple, and easy-to-use solution. In
addition to providing scalability, the SAN48B-5 can address demanding reliability, availability,
and serviceability (RAS) requirements to help minimize downtime to support mission-critical
cloud environments.
Figure D-7 shows the front view of the IBM System Storage SAN48B-5 16 Gbps Fibre
Channel switch.
Figure D-7 IBM System Storage SAN48B-5 fabric switch
򐂰 Support for both open systems and FICON for IBM Z environments
򐂰 Performance of 16 Gbps with up to 48 ports in an energy-efficient, 1U enclosure
򐂰 Speeds of 2, 4, 8, 10, or 16 Gbps on all ports, producing an aggregate 768 Gbps
full-duplex throughput
򐂰 In-flight data compression and encryption for efficient link utilization and security
򐂰 ClearLink (D_port) feature for physical media diagnostic, troubleshooting, and verification
services
򐂰 Multi-tenancy in cloud environments through Virtual Fabrics, Integrated Routing, QoS, and
fabric-based zoning features
Cisco MDS 9148S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch for IBM System Storage
The Cisco MDS 9148S 16G Multilayer Fabric Switch for IBM System Storage (Figure D-8) is
the latest generation of the highly reliable, flexible, and low-cost Cisco MDS 9100 Series
switches. It combines high performance with exceptional flexibility and cost-effectiveness.
This powerful, compact one rack-unit (1RU) switch scales from 12 to 48 line-rate 16 Gbps
Fibre Channel ports.
The Cisco MDS 9148S is excellent for the following functions:

򐂰 A stand-alone SAN in small departmental storage environments
򐂰 A top-of-the-rack switch in medium-sized redundant fabrics
򐂰 An edge switch in enterprise data center core-edge topologies
Figure D-8 Cisco MDS 9148S for IBM System Storage
The Cisco MDS 9148S includes the following features:

򐂰 High performance and flexibility
򐂰 High-availability platform
򐂰 Up to 48 autosensing Fibre Channel ports that are capable of speeds of 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps,
8 Gbps, and 16 Gbps, with 16 Gbps of dedicated bandwidth for each port
򐂰 “Pay-as-you-grow” scalability with 12 - 48 high-performance Fibre Channel ports in a
single 1RU switch
򐂰 Dual redundant hot-swappable power supplies and fan trays, PortChannels, and F_port
channeling
For more information about IBM mid-range SAN switches, see this website:

Enterprise SAN directors
The IBM Enterprise SAN directors provide the data center networking infrastructure with
enterprise solutions for the highest availability and scalability.
IBM offers the following enterprise SAN directors through its marketing channels:
򐂰 IBM Storage Networking SAN512B-6 and SAN256B-6
򐂰 Cisco MDS 9718 Multilayer Director
򐂰 Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer Director
򐂰 IBM System Storage SAN768B-2 and SAN384B-2
򐂰 Cisco MDS 9706 Multilayer Director for IBM System Storage
IBM Storage Networking SAN512B-6 and SAN256B-6

Designed to meet relentless growth and mission-critical application demands, the IBM
Storage Networking SAN512B-6 and SAN256B-6 b-type Gen 6 directors are ideal platforms
for large enterprise environments that require increased capacity, greater throughput, and
higher levels of resiliency. SAN512B-6 and SAN256B-6 directors with Fabric Vision
technology are modular building blocks that combine innovative hardware, software, and
built-in instrumentation to ensure high levels of operational stability and redefine application
performance.
Fabric Vision technology with Gen 6 features IO Insight and VM Insight enhances visibility
into the health of storage environments, delivering greater control and insight to quickly
identify problems and achieve critical SLAs.
Breakthrough 32/128 Gbps performance shatters application performance barriers and

provides support for more than 1 billion I/O operations per second (IOPS) for flash-based
storage workloads.
The following blades are available for both models:

򐂰 IBM b-type Gen 6 FC Switching Blades include 1) 48-port 32 Gbps blade, 2) 16-port 128
Gbps blade (equivalent to 64-port 32 Gbps blade with 1x4 breakout cables)
򐂰 IBM b-type Gen 6 Extension Blade
Figure D-9 shows the SAN512B-6.
Figure D-10 shows the SAN256B-6.
The SAN512B-6 and SAN256B-6 directors include the following features:

򐂰 Support for both open systems and FICON for IBM Z environments
򐂰 Shatter application performance barriers across 32 Gbps links, and support up to 1 billion
IOPS without oversubscription
򐂰 Consolidate infrastructure with high-density solutions built with 128 Gbps UltraScale
Inter-Chassis Link (ICLs) connectivity for simpler, flatter, low-latency fabrics

򐂰 Detect degraded application or device performance with built-in monitoring
򐂰 Extend distance and replication with a highly scalable, multiprotocol extension solution
򐂰 Integrate flash storage based on NVMe flash memory with current and future b-type Gen 6
Fibre Channel networks
򐂰 Simplify configuration automation and enable integrated advanced services across the
fabric with standard Representational State Transfer (REST) application programming
interfaces (APIs)
򐂰 Provide multiple protocols support for SCSI, FICON, NVMe, and FCoE simultaneously for
maximum data center flexibility
The IBM b-type Gen 6 Extension Blade includes the following features:
򐂰 Accelerates data replication across data centers to meet recovery objectives and secure
data flows over distance
򐂰 Consolidates Fibre Channel and IP storage replication traffic within a single blade with
flexible multiprotocol port connectivity
򐂰 Connects more Fibre Channel and IP devices with industry-leading port density and
scale-as-you-grow flexibility
򐂰 Centralizes management of Fibre Channel and IP extension for storage traffic while
extending Fabric Vision technology over distance for greater control and insight
򐂰 Extends proactive monitoring and alerting between data centers to automatically detect
WAN anomalies and simplify troubleshooting of end-to-end I/O flows over distance,
avoiding unplanned downtime
򐂰 Provides load balancing and network resilience with Extension Trunking and Adaptive
Rate Limiting to increase WAN utilization and protect against WAN link failures
򐂰 Achieves always-on business operations with nondisruptive firmware upgrades and
maximizes availability with redundant, hot-pluggable chassis components
Cisco MDS 9718 Multilayer Director

Cisco MDS 9718 Multilayer Director for IBM Storage Networking addresses the mounting
storage requirements of today’s large virtualized data centers. It has the industry’s highest
port density for a SAN director, featuring 768 line-rate 16 Gbps Fibre Channel ports.
Designed to support multiprotocol workloads, MDS 9718 enables SAN consolidation and
collapsed-core solutions for large enterprises, reducing the number of managed switches and
leading to easy-to-manage deployments. By reducing the number of front-panel ports used
on ISLs, it also offers room for future growth.
As a director-class SAN switch, MDS 9718 uses the same operating system and
management interface as other Cisco data center switches. It brings intelligent capabilities to
a high-performance, protocol-independent switch fabric, delivering uncompromising
availability, security, scalability, simplified management, and the flexibility to integrate new
technologies. MDS 9718 lets you transparently deploy unified fabrics with Fibre Channel and
FCoE connectivity to achieve low total cost of ownership (TCO).
For mission-critical enterprise storage networks that require secure, robust, cost-effective
business-continuance services, the Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP) extension module delivers
outstanding SAN extension performance. It provides features that reduce latency for disk and
tape operations with FCIP acceleration, including FCIP write acceleration and FCIP tape
write and read acceleration.
Figure D-11 shows the MDS 9718.
Figure D-11 MDS 9718
The MDS 9718 includes the following features:

򐂰 Enables up to 1.5 Tbps of Fibre Channel front-panel bandwidth per module and 768 full
line-rate (2/4/8/16 Gbps) autosensing Fibre Channel ports in a single chassis
򐂰 Provides up to 768 full line-rate (10 Gbps) autosensing Fibre Channel over Ethernet
(FCoE) ports in a single chassis
򐂰 Provides up to 384 full line-rate (40 Gbps) FCoE ports in a single chassis
򐂰 Provides 16 Gbps line rate, non-blocking, and predictable performance across all traffic
conditions for every port in the chassis
򐂰 Enables large and scalable deployment of SAN extension solutions through the SAN
extension module
򐂰 Offers nondisruptive software upgrades, stateful process restart and failover, and full
redundancy of major components
򐂰 Enables migration from SAN islands to enterprise-wide storage networks through virtual
SAN (VSAN) technology, access control lists for hardware-based intelligent frame
processing, and fabric-wide QoS
򐂰 Provides virtual machine transparency
򐂰 Provides deterministic hardware performance and a comprehensive feature set that allows
virtual machines to have the same SAN attributes as a physical server
򐂰 Cisco Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) for SAN provides end-to-end visibility from
the virtual machine down to storage

򐂰 Supports a comprehensive security framework
򐂰 Provides unified SAN management
򐂰 Includes built-in storage network management with all features available through a
command-line interface (CLI) or DCNM
򐂰 Provides sophisticated diagnostics
򐂰 Provides intelligent diagnostics, protocol decoding, and network analysis tools; and it
provides integrated Call Home capability for added reliability, faster problem resolution,
and reduced service costs
򐂰 Reduces total cost of ownership
򐂰 Accommodates future mission-critical applications, massive amounts of data, and cloud
environments
򐂰 Features multiprotocol intelligence
򐂰 Enables a consistent feature set over a protocol-independent switch fabric
Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer Director

Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer Director for IBM System Networking is a director-class SAN
switch designed for deployment in large-scale storage networks to enable enterprise clouds
and business transformation. Layering a comprehensive set of intelligent features onto a
high-performance, protocol-independent switch fabric, Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer Director for
IBM System Networking addresses the rigorous requirements of large, virtualized data-center
storage environments. It does so with high availability, scalability, flexibility, security, ease of
management, and transparent integration of new technologies.
By adding enterprise connectivity options that support IBM FICON connectivity, MDS 9710
delivers a high performing and reliable FICON infrastructure that supports fast and scalable
IBM Z servers. The MDS 9700 platform provides multiprotocol flexibility for SANs delivering
16 Gbps Fibre Channel, 10 Gbps Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), 40 Gbps FCoE, and
1/10 Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP) capabilities.
This switch enables the transparent integration of new technologies into the data center to
provide highly flexible SAN solutions (see Figure D-12).
The MDS 9710 includes the following features:

򐂰 Delivery of up to 24 Tbps of Fibre Channel backplane bandwidth
򐂰 16 Gbps line-rate, non-blocking, and predictable performance across all traffic conditions
for every Fibre Channel and FCoE port in chassis
򐂰 Deterministic hardware performance and features that allow virtual machines to have the
same SAN attributes as physical servers
򐂰 Enablement of outstanding levels of availability and reliability
򐂰 Comes mainframe-ready, with full support for IBM Z FICON and Fibre Channel protocol
(FCP) environments
򐂰 Modular, multilayer, highly available, dual supervisor modules with six fabric slots and
eight module slots (14RU)
򐂰 384 full line-rate (2/4/8/16 Gbps and 10 Gbps) autosensing Fibre Channel ports in single
chassis for deployment in both open systems and FICON environments
򐂰 384 full line-rate (10 Gbps) autosensing FCoE ports in a single chassis
򐂰 48-port 16 Gbps Fibre Channel switching module
򐂰 48-port 10 Gbps FCoE switching module
򐂰 24/10-port SAN extension module

򐂰 Hot-swappable switching modules, supervisor modules, fans, power supplies, and small
form-factor pluggables
򐂰 Front-to-back airflow
IBM System Storage SAN384B-2 and SAN768B-2

The IBM System Storage SAN768B-2 and IBM System Storage SAN384B-2 fabric are b-type
Gen 5 Fibre Channel directors, highly robust network switching platforms for evolving
enterprise data centers.
Built for large enterprise networks, the SAN768B-2 has eight vertical blade slots to provide up
to 512 16-Gbps FC device ports. The SAN384B-2 is ideal for midsize core or edge
deployments. The SAN384B-2 fabric backbone provides four horizontal blade slots and up to
256 16-Gbps FC device ports. The flexible blade architecture also supports in-flight data
compression and encryption, SAN extension advanced functionality for high-performance
servers, I/O consolidation, data protection, and disaster recovery solutions.
SAN768B-2 and SAN384B-2 has these characteristics:

򐂰 The IBM System Storage Gen 5 Fibre Channel b-type SAN products offer additional
advantages beyond performance.
򐂰 Low latency and high I/O operations per second (IOPS) performance maximize the
number of virtual hosts for each physical server.
򐂰 Integrated ISL data compression and encryption offer bandwidth optimization and data
protection.
򐂰 Compatibility with existing infrastructure minimizes the need to “rip out and replace”
equipment.
򐂰 Low overhead and low latency eliminate I/O bottlenecks and unleash the full performance
of Flash, SSD, and 16 Gbps-capable storage.
򐂰 UltraScale chassis connectivity enables higher density and simpler fabrics that reduce
network complexity and cost.
򐂰 Fabric Vision technology maximizes uptime, optimizes application performance, and
simplifies SAN management through innovative diagnostic, monitoring, and management
technology.
The SAN768B-2 and SAN384B-2 are efficient at reducing power consumption, cooling, and
the carbon footprint in data centers. Although these switches provide exceptional
performance and scale, these networking backbones use less than 0.2 watts/Gbps.
Figure D-13 shows the directors.
Figure D-13 IBM System Storage SAN384B-2 (left) and SAN768B-2 (right)
The following blades are available for both models:

򐂰 16 Gbps 32-port, 48-port, and 64-port FC switching blades
򐂰 Enhanced Extension blade that supports twelve 8-Gbps FC ports and ten 1-Gbps Gigabit
Ethernet (GbE) ports, or two optional 10-Gbps GbE ports
The SAN768B-2 and SAN384B-2 include the following features:

򐂰 Autosensing 16 Gbps, 8 Gbps, 4 Gbps, and 10 Gbps E_port Fibre Channel ports.
򐂰 16 Gbps, 8 Gbps, and 4 Gbps FICON interfaces, FICON with control unit port (CUP)
capability.
򐂰 One GbE and 10 GbE Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP) Ethernet interfaces for
Channel Extension.
򐂰 Advanced Extension support for FCIP Trunking and Adaptive Rate Limiting.
򐂰 FICON Acceleration for XRC (Extended Remote Copy) and Tape R/W pipelining over
FCIP.
򐂰 Integrated Fibre Channel routing (FCR).
򐂰 In-Flight Encryption and Compression at line rate for both FC and FICON E_port links.
򐂰 UltraScale Inter-Chassis Links (ICL) that provide up to 64-Gbps Chassis-to-Chassis
Optical backplane ports. The SAN768B-2 has 32 x 64 Gbps ICL ports and the SAN384B-2
has 16 x 64 Gbps ICL ports.

Cisco MDS 9706 Multilayer Director for IBM System Storage
Cisco MDS 9706 Multilayer Director for IBM System Storage is a director-class SAN switch
that is designed for deployment in small to midsized storage networks that can support
enterprise clouds and business transformation (see Figure D-14). It layers a comprehensive
set of intelligent features onto a high-performance, protocol-independent switch fabric.
MDS 9706 addresses the stringent requirements of large virtualized data center storage
environments. It delivers uncompromising availability, security, scalability, ease of
management, and transparent integration of new technologies for extremely flexible data
center SAN solutions. It shares the same operating system and management interface with
other Cisco data center switches. MDS 9706 lets you transparently deploy unified fabrics with
Fibre Channel, FICON, FCoE, and Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP) connectivity for low total cost
of ownership (TCO).
For mission-critical enterprise storage networks that require secure, robust, cost-effective
business-continuance services, the FCIP extension module delivers outstanding SAN
extension performance. It reduces latency for disk and tape operations with FCIP acceleration
features, including FCIP write acceleration and FCIP tape write and read acceleration.
The Cisco MDS 9706 includes the following features:

򐂰 Delivery of up to 12 Tbps front-panel Fibre Channel switching bandwidth
򐂰 16 Gbps line-rate, non-blocking, and predictable performance across all traffic conditions
for every Fibre Channel and FCoE port in chassis
򐂰 Integrated mainframe support
򐂰 Deterministic hardware performance and features that allow virtual machines to have the
same SAN attributes as physical servers
򐂰 Enablement of outstanding levels of availability and reliability
򐂰 Modular, multilayer, highly available, dual supervisor modules with six fabric slots and four
module slots (9RU)
򐂰 192 full line-rate (2/4/8, 4/8/16 Gbps, and 10 Gbps) autosensing Fibre Channel ports in
single chassis for deployment in open systems
򐂰 48-port 16 Gbps Fibre Channel switching module
򐂰 24-port 40-Gbps FCoE switching module
򐂰 24/10-port SAN extension module
򐂰 Hot-swappable switching modules, supervisor modules, fans, power supplies, and small
form-factor pluggables
򐂰 Front-to-back airflow
For more information, see this website:

Extension switches
The following IBM extension switches are available:
򐂰 IBM System Storage SAN42B-R
򐂰 Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch
򐂰 IBM System Storage SAN06B-R
IBM System Storage SAN42B-R

IT organizations continually face two key issues: The unrelenting growth of data being
transferred between data centers and the changes driven by virtualized application workloads
within Fibre Channel and FICON storage environments. Also, faced with rising SLA
requirements and recovery expectations, enterprise data centers need their disaster-recovery
infrastructure to help ensure fast, continuous, and simple access to mission-critical data from
anywhere in the world.
The IBM System Storage SAN42B-R extension switch (Figure D-15 on page 337) is a
purpose-built extension solution that securely moves more data faster over distance, while
minimizing the impact of disruptions. With enhanced extension capability and Fabric Vision
technology, SAN42B-R delivers outstanding performance, strong security, continuous
availability, and simplified management. These features enable it to handle the unrelenting
growth of data traffic between data centers in Gen 5 and Gen 6 Fibre Channel and FICON
storage environments.
In addition, SAN42B-R helps storage administrators replicate and back up large amounts of
data over wide area network (WAN) quickly, securely, reliably, and simply while minimizing
operational and capital expenses.

Figure D-15 SAN42B-R
The SAN42B-R includes the following features:

򐂰 Leading throughput performance and port density required for maximum application
throughput over wide area network (WAN) links
򐂰 Support for Fibre Channel, IBM FICON, and IP storage traffic over IP links allowing
hardware consolidation for open-systems, mainframe, storage, and tape extension
solutions
򐂰 “Pay-as-you-grow” scalability with capacity-on-demand upgrades
򐂰 Extension Trunking for improving load balancing and network resilience against WAN link
failure
򐂰 Non-disruptive firmware upgrade
򐂰 Advanced performance and network optimization features including data compression,
disk protocol acceleration, QoS, and storage optimized TCP
򐂰 Outstanding insight and visibility across the storage extension network through Fabric
Vision technology
򐂰 Twenty-four 16 Gbps Fibre Channel ports
򐂰 Sixteen 1/10-Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) ports
򐂰 Two 40-Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) ports
򐂰 Base configuration including a comprehensive set of advanced services and IBM Network
Advisor
Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch

The Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch for IBM System Storage is an optimized
platform for deploying high-performance SAN extension solutions, distributed intelligent fabric
services, and cost-effective multiprotocol connectivity for open systems and mainframe
environments. With a compact form factor and advanced capabilities that are normally
available on director-class switches only, the MDS 9250i is an ideal solution for departmental
and remote branch-office SANs and large-scale SANs with the Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer
Director.
The MDS 9250i (Figure D-16) offers up to forty 16 Gbps Fibre Channel ports, two 1/10
Gigabit Ethernet IP storage services ports, and eight 10-Gigabit Ethernet FCoE ports in a
fixed, two-rack-unit (2RU) form factor. The MDS 9250i connects to native Fibre Channel
networks, which protects your current investments in storage networks.
Figure D-16 MDS 9250i
The MDS 9250i includes the following features:

򐂰 Hardware-based virtual fabric isolation with VSANs and FC routing with Inter-VSAN
Routing (IVR).
򐂰 Enterprise-class availability features for departmental SANs.
򐂰 Intelligent network services and advanced traffic management capabilities.
򐂰 Industry-leading SAN security to support compliance and regulatory requirements.
򐂰 Fixed configuration with up to 40 ports of 16-Gbps Fibre Channel and 10 ports of
1/10-Gigabit Ethernet.
򐂰 Four-Gbps, 8-Gbps, and 16-Gbps autosensing, optionally configurable port speed.
򐂰 Up to 256 buffer-to-buffer credits can be assigned to a single Fibre Channel port to extend
storage networks over long distances.
򐂰 Hot-swappable, 2+1 redundant power supplies and fans.
IBM System Storage SAN06B-R

The IBM System Storage SAN06B-R extension switch uses advanced Fibre Channel and
Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP) technology to provide a fast, highly reliable, cost-effective
network infrastructure for remote data replication, backup, and migration. Whether it is
configured for simple point-to-point or comprehensive multi-site SAN extension, the
SAN06B-R extension switch addresses the most demanding business continuity, compliance,
and global data access requirements.
Up to sixteen 8-Gbps Fibre Channel ports and six 1-Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) ports provide the
Fibre Channel and FCIP bandwidth, port density, and throughput that are required to help
maximize application performance over WAN links (Figure D-17).
Figure D-17 SAN06B-R

The SAN06B-R includes the following features:
򐂰 High performance design with up to 8 Gbps Fibre Channel ports and hardware-assisted
traffic processing for up to 1 Gbps line-rate performance across GbE.
򐂰 Intranet, IP-based metropolitan area network (MAN), or WAN infrastructures for metro and
global SAN extensions can be used for business continuity solutions.
򐂰 Integrated IBM System Storage SAN b-type switch management helps simplify installation
and administration and helps provide fabric investment protection.
򐂰 One-unit (1U) 19-inch packaging that is designed for rack mount or tabletop.
򐂰 Up to 8 Gbps Fibre Channel ports and up to 1 GbE port.
򐂰 Support for 8-Gbps, 4-Gbps, and 2-Gbps Fibre Channel link speeds or 4-Gbps, 2-Gbps,
and 1-Gbps Fibre Channel link speeds.
򐂰 Speed autosensing capabilities provide compatibility with an earlier version with 4-Gbps,
2-Gbps, and 1-Gbps Fibre Channel links.
򐂰 Shortwave and longwave small form-factor pluggables can be intermixed in the same
router to meet your unique requirements.
򐂰 Full Fabric operation and Universal Port Operation are available on all ports.
򐂰 Optional inter-switch link (ISL) trunking is supported on all active ports.
򐂰 Hardware-based compression.
򐂰 Extensive buffering.
򐂰 Integrated routing services.
򐂰 SAN isolation from internet, WAN, or MAN failures.
򐂰 Scalable remote-site fan-in.
򐂰 Hardware-based encryption.
򐂰 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec).
򐂰 Write acceleration for fast replication performance.
For more information about these products, see this website:

Related publications
The publications that are listed in this section are considered suitable for a more detailed
discussion of the topics that are covered in this book.
IBM Redbooks publications

The following IBM Redbooks publications provide more information about the topics in this
book. Some publications that are referenced in this list might be available in softcopy only:
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition and Library Edition: Installation and
Configuration Guide, SG24-8090
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition V1.3.0.6 Installation and Configuration Guide,
SG24-8333
򐂰 IBM SAN Survival Guide, SG24-6143
򐂰 IBM System Storage Tape Encryption Solutions, SG24-7320
򐂰 IBM Tivoli Storage Manager as a Data Protection Solution, SG24-8134
򐂰 IBM TS4500 R6 Tape Library Guide, SG24-8235
򐂰 Implementing IBM Tape in Linux and Windows, SG24-6268
򐂰 Implementing IBM Tape in UNIX Systems, SG24-6502
You can search for, view, download, or order these publications and other Redbooks, IBM
Redpapers, web docs, draft, and other materials at the following website:
http://www.ibm.com/redbooks
Other publications
The following publications also are relevant as further information sources:
򐂰 IBM TS4300 Tape Library Machine Type 3555 Users Guide, SC27-4629
򐂰 IBM System Storage 3592 Introduction and Planning Guide, GA32-0555
򐂰 IBM System Storage 3592 Tape Drives and TS1120 Controller Operator Guide for 3592
Models J1A, E05, E06, EU6, E07, J70 and C06, GA32-0556
򐂰 IBM System Storage TS2250 Tape Drive Setup, Operator and Service Guide, GC27-2275
򐂰 IBM System Storage TS2350 Tape Drive Setup, Operator and Service Guide, GC27-2277
򐂰 IBM System Storage TS2360 Tape Drive Setup, Operator and Service Guide, GA32-2228
򐂰 IBM System Storage TS2900 Tape Autoloader Setup, Operator and Service Guide,
GC27-2212
򐂰 IBM TS2280, Setup, Operator, and Service Guide, Machine Type 3580 Model H8S,
SC27-4649-00
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/ibm-ts2280-setup-operator-and-service-guide-m
achine-type-3580-model-h8s

򐂰 IBM TS2270, Setup, Operator, and Service Guide, Machine Type 3580 Model H7S,
SC27-8519
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/656069
򐂰 IBM Tape Device Drivers Installation and User’s Guide, GC27-2130
򐂰 IIBM Tape Device Drivers Programming Reference, GA32-0566
򐂰 IBM Tape Library with ALMS Operator Guide, GA32-0594
򐂰 IBM TotalStorage LTO Ultrium Tape Drive SCSI Reference, GA32-0450
Online resources
The following websites and web pages also are relevant as further information sources:
򐂰 IBM 3580 Ultrium Tape Drive Firmware:
򐂰 IBM 3584 drive and library firmware:
򐂰 IBM Offering Information:
http://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/index.wss
򐂰 IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager:
https://www.ibm.com/us-en/marketplace/ibm-security-key-lifecycle-manager
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Archive EE IBM Knowledge Center:
http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ST9MBR
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Archive LE IBM Knowledge Center:
http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/STZMZN
򐂰 IBM Spectrum Archive SDE IBM Knowledge Center:
http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/STQNYL
򐂰 IBM Storage media:
򐂰 IBM System Storage Interoperation Center (SSIC):
򐂰 IBM System Storage and TotalStorage products:
http://www.ibm.com/storage/products-atoz
򐂰 IBM Tape Storage Systems:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/storage/tape
򐂰 LTO Technology Organization website for information about the technology, formats, and
licensing:
http://www.lto-technology.com
򐂰 The SCSI Trade Association website, which provides information about SCSI standards
and terms:
http://www.scsita.org

򐂰 Streaming Lossless Compression Algorithm standard from Ecma International:
http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/ECMA-321.HTM
򐂰 Tape device driver downloads:
Help from IBM

Help is available from IBM through the following resources:
򐂰 IBM Support and downloads:
http://www.ibm.com/support
򐂰 IBM Global Services:
http://www.ibm.com/services
Related publications 343

SG24-5946-16
IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems ISBN 0738458341
(0.5” spine)
0.475”<->0.873”
250 <-> 459 pages
Back cover
SG24-5946-16
ISBN 0738458341
Printed in U.S.A.
®
ibm.com/redbooks

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Front cover

IBM Tape Library Guide for

IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Seventeenth Edition (July 2021)

Summary of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Part 1. Tape basics of open systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1. Tape technology introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. iii

Chapter 2. Overview of IBM LTO Ultrium tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Chapter 3. IBM TS1100 tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

iv IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Chapter 4. IBM TS2280 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Chapter 5. IBM TS2270 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Chapter 6. IBM TS2260 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Chapter 7. IBM TS2360 tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

vi IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Part 2. IBM tape libraries for open systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Chapter 8. IBM TS2900 tape autoloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Chapter 9. IBM TS4300 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Chapter 10. IBM TS4500 tape library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Part 3. Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Appendix A. Data storage values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Appendix B. IBM LTO Ultrium and 3592 media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

viii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Appendix C. IBM tape product names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Related publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

x IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION “AS IS”

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. xi

The following terms are trademarks of other companies:

SoftLayer, are trademarks or registered trademarks of SoftLayer, Inc., an IBM Company.

xii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. xiii

Robert Beiderbeck is an IBM Senior Accredited Specialist for

Khanh Ngo is an IBM Senior Technical Staff Member and

Jesus Eduardo Cervantes Rolon is an IBM Software Test

xiv IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

Fabian Corona Villarreal is a Test Engineer for the IBM

Larry Coyne is a Project Leader at the IBM International

Special thanks to Michael Engelbrecht and Simon Browne.

Stay connected to IBM Redbooks

xvi IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

July 2021, Seventeenth Edition (minor update)

March 2020, Seventeenth Edition

November 2018, Sixteenth Edition

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2021. All rights reserved. xvii

August 2017, Fourteenth Edition

August 2016, Thirteenth Edition

January 2016, Twelfth Edition

xviii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

February 2015, Eleventh Edition

June 2013, Tenth Edition

Summary of changes xix

June 2012, Ninth Edition

xx IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems

September 2008, Seventh Edition

Summary of changes xxi

April 2007, Fifth Edition

September 2005, Fourth Edition

xxii IBM Tape Library Guide for Open Systems