ELECTRICAL FOR ENGINEERING

GSM 5G

Arranged by :

Andrian Dwi Yulianto Amsano (41418310047)

Pahmi Ardian(41418310078)

Electrical Engineering

University of Mercu Buana

Faculty of Engineering

2021
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Current wireless communication technologies include WiMAX (IEEE 802.16

wireless and mobile networks), WiFi (IEEE 8012.11 wireless network), LTE (Long Term
Evolution), 3G mobile networks (UMTS, cdma @ 2000) and 4G. Cellular generation
technology has differences based on four main aspects, namely radio access bandwidth, data
rates and switching schemes. These differences have been seen in previous generations (1G,
2G, 3G, 4G), therefore this paper explores a new cellular technology called fifth generation
technology or 5G.

5G technology has been transformed to use cell phones with very high bandwidth.
5G is a wireless packet switched with a wide area coverage and with high throughput. This 5G
technology uses millimeter waves that allow data transmission greater than 100 Mbps at full
mobility and can reach more than 1 Gbps at low mobility.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Evolution of Wireless Technology

Mobile communication has become popular lately due to the rapid evolution in
mobile technology. This evolution is due to a very high increase in telecommunication
customers.

Here in figure 1 is the evolution of wireless communication technology.

Figure 1. Evolution of Wireless Technology [1].

1. First Generation (1G).

First-generation mobile communication technology or 1G was pioneered for

voice services in the early 1980s where modulation frequency techniques used analog systems
and for radio transmissions using multiple access frequency division (FDMA) with a channel
capacity of 30 KHz and frequency bands of 824 – 894 MHz [2], which uses the basis of
technology known as Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS).

2. Second Generation (2G).

Second-generation mobile communication technology or 2G emerged in the late

1980s. It uses digital signals for sound transmission and has a speed of 63 kbps. 2G provides
Short Message Service (SMS) facility and uses bandwidth from 30 to 200 KHz. After 2G then
found 2.5G technology as an enhancer of the previous technology. 2.5G uses packet switched
and circuit switched system that provides data rate up to 144 kbps.
 3. Third Generation (3G).

Third generation service (3G) combines high speed mobile access with Internet
Protocol (IP). Key features of 3G technology include wireless web base access, multimedia
service, email and video conferencing. Standard air interface on 3G WCDMA is designed to
always BE ON on packet based wireless service so that it can be said that computers,
entertainment devices and mobile phones will share the same wireless network and connect to
the internet anytime and anywhere. In 3G technology is offered high data rates up to 2 Mbps
through the width of the carrier channel 5 Mhz, depending on the movement or mobility and
high spectrum efficiency.

4. Fourth Generation (4G).

4G technology offers 100 Mbps downloadability. 4G technology upgrades

existing communication networks and is expected to provide a secure and comprehensive
internet protocol where facilities such as voice, multimedia streaming and data will be provided
to users based "anytime and anywhere" and with higher data rates compared to previous
generations. One of the common features of the new service provided by 4G demands a
strengthening in terms of QoS. Apps such as Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), video
chat, mobile TV, HDTV content and Digital Video Broadcasting are being developed to use
4G networks.

5. FIFTH GENERATION (5G)

5G (fifth generation) is a term used to refer to the fifth generation as the next
phase of mobile telecommunications standards. 5G technology is planned to be officially
released in 2020.

WHY IS 5G NEEDED?

• 5G has very high data speed, very high capacity and low cost perbit.
• 5G supports interactive multimedia, voice, video, internet and other broadband
broadband services.
• More effective and more interesting.
• It has accurate bidirectional and statistic traffic.
• 5G technology offers global access and portable services.
• 5G technology offers high quality service.
 • 5G technology provides a large up to Gigabit broadcasting capacity that supports
65,000 connections at atime.

5G technology becomes a new technology that will provide all the desired applications by using
only one universal device and interconnection with existing telecommunication infrastructure.
The 5G mobile network will focus on developing customer terminals where customer terminals
will have access to different mobile technologies at the same time and will consolidate various
ways of different technologies. In addition, the terminal will make a choice between different
mobile network providers for the services provided.

B. Proposed Architecture (5G)

Devices and network components are dynamically upgraded and adapted to new
situations. Network operators use upgrade capabilities to introduce easier value-added services.
The ability to upgrade is based on cognitive radio. Cognitive radio technology has the ability
of devices to determine their location and information in locations such as temperature, weather
and others. Then cognitive radio technology has the ability to know the spectrum used in
neighboring devices, change frequencies, regulate outgoing power and change transmission
parameters and characteristics. Cognitive radio is a transmitter that can understand and respond
to the operating environment. So cognitive radio focuses on wireless devices and networks that
intelligently computerize radio resources and related communications to explore the user's
communication needs and provide wireless services as needed.

1. Master Core

Potentially 5G technology will require the design of a single wireless network

device user capable of self explanatory operate on different access networks. Fully upgradeable
devices are capable of changing communication functionality based on network or number of
customers. In addition, the main challenge for Master Core is to address the increasing number
of different radio access technologies based on interoperability criteria and mechanisms.
Master Core can be a convergence of nanotechnology, Parallel Multimode (PMM) technology,
cloud computing and cognitive radio, can be upgraded (upgradable) and based on all IP
platforms and 5G-IU called Master Core.
 Master Core 5G can be upgraded and multi core technology. The ability to
upgrade can be self adaption and make adaptations to dynamically changing environments. 5G
Master Core is a convergence of several technologies mentioned below:

• Parallel Multimode (PMM).

In 5G wireless communication system, Master Core can be operated in parallel multimode like
all IP network modes, 5G network mode where in all modes ip network controls all network
technologies on RAN and DAT (Different Access Networks) up to new 5G deployment. 5G
network mode manages all bari deployments based on 5G as a result of 5G network system
will be more efficient, powerful and uncomplicated.

• All IP Network (AIPN).

All IP Network is the evolution of 3GPP system to meet the increasing tuntuta of mobile
communication market. All IP Network is a shared platform that applies to a wide range of
radio access technologies. AIPN is primarily focused on enhancements of switched package
technology but currently AIPN provides an advanced evolution and optimization both in terms
of performance and cost.

• Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is the application of nano science to control processes on a nanometer scale

between 0.1 nm to 100 nm. This field is also known as Molecular Nanotechnology (MNT)
where MNT is related to the control of the structure of matter based on "atom by atom" and by
the technique "molecule by molecule".

• Cloud Computing.

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and remote central servers to maintain
data and applications. In a 5G network the central remote server can be a content provider.
Cloud computing allows consumers and business people to use applications without having to
install and access their personal files with any computer using internet access.
The proposed 5G mobile network architecture is seen in figure 2 below:

Figure 2. Master Core Architecture [3].

 2. Master Core Equipment (MCE).

Mobile phones are more than just telecommunication devices in this modern era
but have become an identity for a person. On 5G Master Core wireless devices and other
devices such as laptops are called as Master Core Equipments (MCE) because it is improved
with nanotechnology [2], Beam Transceiver, Advance Optical Line Terminal (AOLT),
Advanced Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AAWG). AOLT and AAWG are used in customer
networks (LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.) to increase data rates.

C. Service Implementation 5G.

1. Machine to Machine Comunication

Machine to Machine communication is considered as one of the keys to providing

advanced applications such as smart cities, automated vehicles and industrial automation.
Currently in the LTE Advanced system the main focus is to support large-scale development
of low-cost devices and increase radio access coverage. M2M communication involves
communicating with other machines and exchanging information with remote servers over the
cellular network. The upgrade of the LTE radio access network for M2M communication has
been studied by 3GPP. This upgrade addresses issues of excess control capacity, network
support for M2M devices, reducing device costs and increasing coverage.

2. Communication Device to Device (D2).

D2D communication is considered a promising technology to provide low power,

high data rate and low latency service between end users on 5G networks in the future. D2D
communication has been a public concern in recent years. Recently more and more people
believe that D2D communication will be the cornerstone in the future network of 5G [3].

3. Smart Mobility Management.

There are two Smart Mobility Management solutions that can be used to minimize
the negative impact of multi site radio resource control on D2D by controlling D2D handover
and cell selection during mobility of D2D devices:
 • D2D – Aware handover solution.

Introduced to minimize latency in D2D communication and reduce signal

overhead in case of DUE mobility, as seen in figure 3 follows:

Figure 3. Aware Handoff.

 • D2D – triggered handover solution.

Used to reduce singnaling overhead caused by the exchange of information

between BS, as seen in figure 4 follows:

Figure 4. Triggred Handover [3].

D. 5G Improvement In The Future.

5G network technology will bring a new era in wireless communication

technology. 5G mobile phones will have access to different wireless technologies at the same
time and terminal devices should be able to combine different techniques of different
technologies. 5G technology offers high resolution for mobile phone enthusiasts. 5G
technology will provide a different experience to its users. We can monitor every place in the
world from anywhere, watching QHD-quality TV channels and cell phone service without
interruption.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

This paper discusses the generation of wireless communication and mobile systems that focus
on four key factors: switching schemes, bandwidth, data rates and radio access as well as
challenges in the development of 5G technology and explains the need for 5G for the future.
The development of mobile networks and wireless networks will lead to higher data speeds
and IP-based. 5G has new technologies such as cognitive radio, SDRs, nanotechnology, cloud
computing and all that IP-based.
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