Research Work - Von Neumann Architecture: Technological Institute of The Philippines

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Quiapo, Manila
Summer, SY 2020
Research Work – Von Neumann Architecture

CPE001 – ES11S1
1:30 to 4:30 MWF
Date Performed: October 7, 2020
Date Submitted: October 7, 2020
Submitted By:
Agbuya, Jasper M.
Submitted to:
Engr. JULIE ANN B. SUSA
Faculty
1) What are the four types of computers?
a) supercomputers
b) mainframe computers
c) midrange computers
d) personal computers
2) Describe the five types of personal computers.
a) Desktops - It consists of a large box called the system unit that contains most of the essential
components. The monitor, keyboard, and mouse all plug into it using cables (or in some cases, using
a wireless technology).
Desktops offer a lot of computing power and performance for the price, and they’re flexible because
you can connect whatever monitor, keyboard, and mouse you want to it, as well as install additional
storage drives, memory, and expansion cards that add new capabilities
b) Laptops - Its cover opens up to reveal a built-in screen, keyboard, and pointing device, which
substitutes for a mouse. A Laptop can run most of the same software as a desktop, and is similar to it
in performance.
c) Tablets -There is no keyboard or pointing device; a software-based keyboard pops up onscreen when
needed, and your finger sliding on the screen serves as a pointing device. Tablets are extremely
portable and convenient, but usually do not run desktop computer applications and have limited
memory and storage capabilities.
d) Smartphones - Smart phones usually have touch-sensitive screens. Many have a variety of location-
aware applications, such as global positioning system (GPS) and mapping programs and local
business guides. Smart phones have a lot in common with computers, but they lack the power and
flexibility of larger computing devices.
e) Wearable’s - Other mobile computers include wearable devices like Apple’s watch
3) Describe the four basic categories of personal computer hardware.
a) Input Devices - Components which are used to input raw data are categorized under input devices.
They aid in feeding data such as text, images, and audiovisual recordings. They even aid in file
transfers between computers. The keyboard is probably the most commonly used input device.
Below are just some other types of input devices.
b) Processing Devices - Processing is the core function of a computer. It is the stage where raw data is
transformed into information. Once data has been processed, it can be used for useful purposes.
c) Output Devices -Hardware components that disseminate and display both data and information are
classified under the output category. Output is the culmination of a cycle which starts with the input
of raw data and processing. These components are sub-categorized under softcopy and hardcopy
output. Softcopy output includes the intangible experience. The user derives visual satisfaction by
reading a message through display components or listens to audio files through speakers.
d) Memory/Storage Devices - Components that retain/store data are classified under memory/storage
devices. Storage is sub-divided under primary and secondary memory and is either volatile or
nonvolatile. Primary memory usually refers to random-access memory (RAM) but can also refer to all
memory that works in tandem with the processor. RAM is volatile, meaning that it retains data only
when the computer is powered up. The central processing unit (CPU) or accelerated processing unit
(APU) reads instructions stored in this memory and executes them as required
4) Describe the two major kinds of software.
a) System Software - A system software aids the user and the hardware to function and interact with
each other. Basically, it is software to manage computer hardware behavior so as to provide basic
functionalities that are required by the user. In simple words, we can say that system software is an
intermediator or a middle layer between the user and the hardware. This computer software
sanction a platform or environment for the other software to work in. This is the reason why system
software is very important in managing the entire computer system. When you first turn on the
computer, it is the system software that gets initialized and gets loaded in the memory of the
system. The system software runs in the background and is not used by the end-users. This is the
reason why system software is also known as ‘low-level software’
b) Application Software - Application Software, also known as end-user programs or productivity

programs are software that helps the user in completing tasks such as doing online research, jotting
down notes, setting an alarm, designing graphics, keeping an account log, doing calculations or even
playing games. They lie above the system software. Unlike system software, they are used by the
end-user and are specific in their functionality or tasks and do the job that they are designed to do.
For example, a browser is an application designed specifically for browsing the internet or MS
Powerpoint is an application used specifically for making presentations. Application Software or
simply apps can also be referred to as non-essential software as their requirement is highly subjective
and their absence does not affect the functioning of the system. All the apps that we see on our
mobile phones are also examples of Application Software. There is certain software that is exclusively
made for app development like Meteor and Flutter. These are examples of Application software too.
5) Describe two types of system software programs.
a) Operating systems - It is the most prominent example of System Software. It is a collection of
software that handles resources and provides general services for the other applications that run
over them. Although each Operating System is different, most of them provide a Graphical User
Interface through which a user can manage the files and folders and perform other tasks. Every
device, whether a desktop, laptop or mobile phone requires an operating system to provide the basic
functionality to it. As an OS essentially determines how a user interacts with the system, therefore
many users prefer to use one specific OS for their device. There are various types of operating
system such as real-time, embedded, distributed, multiuser, single-user, internet, mobile, and many
more. It is important to consider the hardware specifications before choosing an operating system.
b) Utilities - Utility software is designed to aid in analyzing, optimizing, configuring and maintaining a
computer system. It supports the computer infrastructure. This software focuses on how an OS
functions and then accordingly it decides its trajectory to smoothen the functioning of the system.
Softwares like antiviruses, disk cleanup & management tools, compression tools, defragmenters, etc
are all utility tools.
6) Define and compare general-purpose applications, specialized applications, and mobile apps.
 General‐Purpose applications general purpose programs, such as Microsoft Word, Excel, Access
and PowerPoint. Specialized applications narrow focus on specific disciplines and occupations,
such as graphics and web authoring. Mobile Apps or apps are designed for mobile devices or
tablets for social networking, games, music, and video. Specialized applications are programs
like adobe illustrator, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft office, etc
Research work
Draw Von Neumann Architecture and explain each components
Von Neumann Architecture
a) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the electronic circuit responsible for executing the instructions of
a computer program. It is sometimes referred to as the microprocessor or processor.
b) Control Unit (CU)

The control unit controls the operation of the computer’s ALU, memory and input/output devices,
telling them how to respond to the program instructions it has just read and interpreted from the
memory unit. The control unit also provides the timing and control signals required by other
computer components.
c) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

The ALU allows arithmetic (add, subtract etc) and logic (AND, OR, NOT etc) operations to be carried
out.
d) Memory Unit
The memory unit consists of RAM, sometimes referred to as primary or main memory. Unlike a hard
drive (secondary memory), this memory is fast and also directly accessible by the CPU. RAM is split
into partitions. Each partition consists of an address and its contents (both in binary form). The
address will uniquely identify every location in the memory. Loading data from permanent memory
(hard drive), into the faster and directly accessible temporary memory (RAM), allows the CPU to
operate much quicker.
REFERENCES:
 https://www.dummies.com/computers/5-types-of-personal-computers/
 https://turbofuture.com/computers/The-Four-Main-Categories-Of-Computer-Hardware-Parts
 https://squareboat.com/blog/different-types-of-software-with-examples
 https://www.teach-
ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/AS_G061/312_software_hardware/software/miniweb/pg7.htm
 http://muhammetozer.weebly.com/specialized-application-
software.html#:~:text=Links-,Specialized%20Application,%E2%80%A2%20Office%20suites
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app
 https://www.computerscience.gcse.guru/theory/von-neumann-architecture

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Research Work – Von Neumann Architecture

1:30 to 4:30 MWF

Date Performed: October 7, 2020

Date Submitted: October 7, 2020

Engr. JULIE ANN B. SUSA

2) Describe the five types of personal computers.

b) Application Software - Application Software, also known as end-user programs or productivity

Von Neumann Architecture

a) Central Processing Unit (CPU)

b) Control Unit (CU)

c) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

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