Answer Keys

Answer Keys
English Alive_TRB 8_Answers.indd 129 07/12/18 1:28 PM

Answer Key to Coursebook
UNIT 1: HUMAN RIGHTS

Warm-up
A. Pressing noses together Kissing the cheek three or Folding hands
four times
Omanis French Indians
Qataris Italians Thais
Maoris of New Zealand Belgians Cambodians
Eskimoes in the Arctic region Russians
B. Across: 4. INFLUX 6. INTEGRATE 8. ASYLUM 9. MINORITY

Down: 1. CIVILIAN 2. DISPERSE 3. BORDER 5. XENOPHOBIC
7. HUMANITY
C. Accept all logically correct answers.
Chapter 1. Partition
Comprehension
A. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F
B. 1. I qbal Singh wanted to meet Gulzar. He thought that Gulzar was his brother who had been
lost during Partition.
2. There were terrible riots at the Qasba at the time of partition.
3. T he zamindar was friendly with Harcbhajan Singhs’s family. He was willing to provide care
and security to them and visited them every day to boost their courage.
4. T he fear of a pending catastrophe made the family leave their home. They went to Jammu
via Mianwali.
5. The children got separated from the family during their journey to Jammu from Mianwali.
6. The family went back to Pakistan for a pilgrimage to Panja Sahib.
7. H arbhajan Singh was reluctant to meet the zamindar because he felt guilty about not
trusting him during the partition.
8. No, they were not not reunited with their children.
9. D ilshad told Harbhajan Singh that she was taken care of by the owners of the house where
she had hidden. They took good care of her and now she had two sons.
C. 1. T
he mother was hoping to find her long lost son in the author. She was still hopeful and
positive about finding her son.
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2. S ome of problems faced by people when they have to move to an unknown land are
listed below:
• loss of livelihood and employment – no or very little money
• a proper place to stay
• cultural differences
• language barrier
• racism and prejudice
• change of climate
3. T he author felt sad as if he had lost his father. This tells us that the author was kind and
compassionate.
Life Skills and Values
Accept all correct answers.
Vocabulary
A. horrific, charred, hearsay, favourable, whole, improper, petrified, tremble, boost, spirit
B. 1. migrants 2. refugees 3. Internally displaced
4. Stateless people 5. asylum seekers 6. Returnees
Grammar
A. 1. know 2. are 3. is 4. meet 5. states 6. is
7. are 8. is 9. is 10. celebrate 11. wag 12. enjoys, grows
B. 1. I do not have many shirts. (negative declarative sentence)
2. Doesn’t he play basketball every day? (negative interrogative sentence)
3. Wow, this is a wonderful painting!. (exclamatory sentence)
4. Didn’t the teacher teach tenses yesterday? (negative interrogative sentence)
5. Do not close the door. (negative imperative sentence)
6. What a great personality he is! (exclamatory sentence)
7. We haven’t finished our work. (negative declarative sentence)
8. Will they come back tomorrow? (affirmative interrogative sentence)
9. The teacher had told us about the test. (affirmative declarative sentence)
10. Wow, what an incredibly beautiful place! (exclamatory sentence)
11. He exercises regularly? (affirmative declarative sentence)
12. My aunt called me yesterday. (affirmative declarative sentence)
13. Please do not close the window. (negative imperative sentence)
14. Did Roma borrow a storybook from Mukul? (affirmative interrogative sentence)
Listening
A. 1. The name of the book is Footprints on Zero Line.
2. The translator is Rakhshanda Jalil.
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3. T
he book is about the pain and agony people went through during and after the
Partition of India.
4. T
he book is different from other books on the subject because Gulzar’s unerring eye does
not stop at the events of 1947 but looks at how it continues to affect our lives to this day.
5. Accept all correct answers. Here are two names:
Crossing the Ravi, Two Sisters
Speaking
B. Accept all grammatically correct answers.
Writing
Accept all grammatically correct answers.
Chapter 2. A Girl’s Incredible Journey

Comprehension
A. 1. dinghy 2. Nasrine 3. four 4. Izmir 5. YouTube
6. Poseidon 7. Three 8. three 9. five 10. English
B. 1. There were thirty eight people in Nujeen’s boat.
2. T hey were Kurds from Syria. The people in the boat were the family of Nujeen–her sisters,
uncles, aunts, cousins, nephews and nieces.
3. M ustafa had seen a boat overturn in the sea. He was horrified because he was not sure if
the overturned boat carried his family.
4. O ne board overturned quickly, one overturned near the island, and the third one was
picked up by the Turkish coastguard.
5. Nujeen’s cousins used their shoes to drain out the water.
6. Abdullah’s family died during the journey to reach Turkey.
7. The normal ferry from western Turkey to Mitilini costs ten Euros.
8. The refugees paid 1500 dollars for the boat ride.
C. 1. Nujeen felt like a six-year-old because this was her first time on the boat.
2. N ujeen was sitting on a wheel chair in the boat and was higher than everyone else on the
boat. The height made her feel like Posiedon, the god of the sea, in his chariot.
Vocabulary
A. 1. excited 2. happy
3. unhappy 4. no longer able to deal with a problem
5. to shout at someone angrily 6. to make someone angry or crazy
7. Nervous 8. extremely fearful
9. not feeling normal 10. two contrary feelings
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B. 1. Repondez s‘il vous plait 2. Do It Yourself
3. Post Script; Please See 4. As Soon as Possible
5. Bachelor of Arts 6. Masters in Business Administration
7. Chief Executive Officer 8. Indian Administrative Service
C. 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. e 5. f 6. c
Grammar
A. 1. to write 2. to play 3. screaming 4. singing 5. to rest
6. visiting 7. having 8. getting 9. Swimming 10. to tell
11. burning 12. To delay 13. trying 14. to call 15. to laugh
B. 1. at 2. outside 3. about 4. between 5. for
6. in 7. for 8. instead of 9. into 10. in
11. in 12. in 13. from 14. between 15. by
Listening
A. 1. West 2. Damascus 3. mid-twentieth
4. 1945 5. Arab 6. 2011
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 3. A Dream
Comprehension
A. 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. B
B. 1. T
he poet wants the people to not stop having a feeling of hatred towards other human
beings.
2. ‘Let the hatred in us flow away like a stream’ is an example of simile used in the poem.
3. T he poet means that people from around the world should always live together in peace
and harmony.
4. The poet dreams of a world where everyone lives together in peace and harmony.
C. 1. T
he poet means that people should be open to all ideas, beliefs and faith. He says that we
should not have ill feeling for people of other religion, country, or creed. Like a new flower
gives it fragrance to everyone, we should also be communicating with everyone.
2. In the future, all the people of the world will always be treated in a just and fair manner
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Vocabulary
1. M 2. S 3. S 4. M 5. M 6. S 7. M 8. M 9. M 10. S
Activity
UNIT 2: MYSTERY AND HORROR

Warm Up
A. Accept all correct answers.
B. 1. e 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. C
C. Accept all correct answers.
Chapter 4. The Landlady

Comprehension
A. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. C
B. 1. Billy Weaver asked the porter if there was a hotel nearby.
2. A printed notice that said ‘BED AND BREAKFAST’ attracted Billy to consider the house.
3. B illy Weaver thought that both the names were familiar, and that he had heard those
names before.
4. A peculiar smell was coming from the landlady. Billy was not sure if it was the smell of
pickled walnuts, new leather, or the smell from the corridors of a hospital.
5. The two pets were silent and motionless all the time.
6. T he landlady was not interested in telling too much about her two previous guests. She
tried to change the topic of conversation but gave a few short answers to Billy’s questions.
7. The landlady described the previous guests as incredibly handsome.
8. The landlady offered Billy a cup of tea.
C. 1. T
he landlady was expecting him as there was there was a printed poster with ‘BED AND
BREAKFAST’ against the glass and the from the outside Billy could see that the room had
been done up in a pleasant manner and was looking like a comfortable place to stay.
2. The tea tasted like bitter almonds because it had been poisoned.
3. The two previous guests had been killed by the landlady and then stuffed.
4. Billy would be murdered and then stuffed by the landlady.
D. Accept all correct answers.
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Vocabulary
A. 1. gets on 2. picked up 3. look for 4. turn down
5. passed away 6. taken aback 7. put off 8. called off
B. 1. W
e couldn’t get tickets for the concert as they were already sold out. It’s been a sell-out
since the first day.
2. T he teacher handed out copies of the lesson. She told the students to go through the handouts.
3. T he retired coach decided to come back and work again. The news of his comeback was a
pleasant surprise for everyone.
4. L ast month the supermarket changed over from manual billing to computerised billing.
The changeover was welcomed by everyone.
5. Almost a hundred students turned out for her performance. It was a good turnout.
6. My elder brother works out at the gym every day. His workout lasts for two hours.
7. T he new principal took over the charge of the school recently. Everyone feels that the
takeover was smooth.
8. I will break down my weekly schedule into a daily schedule. Then I will show the
breakdown to my mother.
C. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. b
Grammar
A. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. b
B. 2. She loves reading books, doesn’t she? Yes, she does.
3. They aren’t travelling, are they? No, they aren’t.
4. Pooja is a tennis player, isn’t she? Yes, she is.
5. They are playing in the tournament, aren’t they? Yes, they are.
6. You will come to school tomorrow, won’t you? Yes, I will.
7. Trisha is studying, isn’t she? Yes, she is.
8. Surbhi hasn’t met her new teacher, has she? No, she hasn’t.
9. Your sister will come to receive you at the airport, won’t she? Yes, she will.
10. These apples taste very sweet, don’t they? Yes, they do.
11. We have done a good job, haven’t we? Yes, we have.
12. R. K. Laxman was a great cartoonist, wasn’t he? Yes, he was.
Listening
A. 1. famine 2. pebbles 3. pebbles 4. breadcrumbs
5. bread, cake, sugar 6. good meal, beds 7. heaven 8. fool
Speaking
B. Accept all correct answers.
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Writing
Chapter 5. While the Auto Waits

Comprehension
A. 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a
B. 1. The girl looked like a lady.
2. T he girl said that the people passing by were fascinating. They were moving around with
their petty little dreams and their common worries.
3. T he girl said she was sitting in the park so that she could hear the great, common,
throbbing heart of humanity.
4. T he girl tried to convince the young man that her family name was among the most
famous and special. She also told the young man that she had lots of money and she
was bored of the indulgences of the rich like drives, dinners, balls, suppers and
theatre.
5. T he girl’s opinion was that people belonging to high society indulged in whims and are
boring. She said that the high society is only interested in new and unusual things and
their interests keep changing frequently.
6. T he man told the girl that he was a cashier in the restaurant nearby. The man was
fascinated by the wealthy class and wanted to know about their habits and rituals.
7. T he girl said that she could not marry a person of lowly station because if would become a
scandal and it would disappoint her family. She also felt that it would lead to her being cut
off from her family fortune.
8. T he girl was confused and wanted to leave when the man said that he worked in the
restaurant nearby.
9. T he man wanted to accompany the girl to her car because it was getting dark and he felt
that it was not safe for her to walk alone.
10. The girl was nervous on seeing the waitress because she knew that the man would come
to know that she had been lying to him.
C. 1. T
he girl uses the word ‘me’ instead of we to address royalty and tries to cover up by
saying strange things. The girl got flustered when the man said that he worked in
the restaurant.
2. T he girl keeps forgetting the man’s name because she wants to portray that she is
royalty. Also, she has an air of superiority where common people like the young man are
inconsequential to her.
3. Answers will vary. Accept all logically and grammatically correct answers.
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D. Character Character trait Evidence from the text
Girl calculative, The girl talks with great care, not to reveal her true
careful, identity and interrupts the talk at certain points to hide
dishonest her secret.
Girl garrulous, The girl is extremely talkative and hardly allows the
flirtatious young man to speak. She tries to project herself as an
upper class lady to impress the young man.
Girl boastful, The girl pretends to be a princess and boasts of her
pretentious, wealth and royal lineage. This also shows her ambition of
ambitious climbing up the social order.
Young Man secretive The young man does not reveal his true line of business,
and pretends to be a humble cashier at the restaurant.
Young Man calm The young man remains calm throughout his
conversation with the girl, allowing her to talk.
Young Man considerate The young man does not reveal his high social standing
to the girl, and denies it, even after the waitress point it
out. He does not even tell the girl that the automobile she
claimed to be hers was actually his.
Waitress honest, loud, The waitress comes and speaks in a bossy tone to the
frank, bossy girl. She loudly and frankly talks to the girl, revealing her
identity to the young man.
E. Accept all correct answers.

Vocabulary
A. 1. √ 2. √ 3. NA 4. √ 5. √ 6. NA 7. √ 8. NA
B. 1. d 2. e 3. f 4. h 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. g
Grammar
1. He answered me in a rude manner. Adverb phrase
2. The book I want is not in the store. Prepositional phrase
3. She gave the pencil to her friend. Noun phrase
4. The dog with a long tail is called Fudge. Adjective phrase
5. Sharda gave the little girl candies. Adjective phrase
6. Karen lives in a small brick house. Adjective phrase
7. In the beginning, everything was fine. Prepositional phrase
8. After fifteen minutes, he called me back. Prepositional phrase
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Listening
A. 1. We regret to inform you that the school will remain closed today. F
2. I'm sorry I broke your flower vase. I
3. What’s up? What are you doing today? I
4. Could you tell me the way to the supermarket, please? F
5. You can’t be serious! I
6. I’ll finish my work quickly. F
7. That film was awesome! I
8. I appreciate your concern. F
9. He went down with fever yesterday. F
10. He caught fever yesterday. I
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 6. The Way Through the Woods

Comprehension
A. 1. a. The road was shut seventy year ago.
b. The weather and rains made the road disappear as plants and trees had grown over it.
2. a. A road hid under the coppice and heath.
b. Only the keeper could see the road.
3. a. The poet refers to the beat of a horse’s feet and the swish of a skirt in the dew.
b. T
he cantering of the horse suggests that it can move swiftly on the road that is hidden
under small plants.
B. 1. The keeper could see where the road once lay.
2. The air cools the pool filled with fish in the night.
3. The otter was not afraid of men because there were very few men in the forest.
4. Otters and horses were seen and heard in the forest.
C. 1. N
o, the sounds are just a figment of the poet’s imagination as he is trying to recall the old
times Gone by.
2. Y es, there is a sense of mystery in the poem, as we don’t know why the road was shut
down. Also, the way the poet describes ‘the beat of a horse’s feet’ and ‘the swish of the
skirt in the dew’ makes the poem a little mysterious and intriguing and one wonders what
happened to the road.
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Vocabulary
A. 1. glade 2. adaptation 3. habitat 4. foliage
5. undergrowth 6. ecosystem 7. moss 8. woods
B. Across: 5. evidence 8. accomplice
Down: 1. detective 2. motive 3. suspect 4. crime
6. accused 7. alibi 9. criminal
Activity
UNIT 3: RACE
Warm Up
A. 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a
Chapter 7. JOURNEY TO JO’BURG

Comprehension
A. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
B. 1. Naledi and Tiro are the two main characters. They are siblings.
2. The train was crowded because it was rush hour when many people travelled in the train.
3. T he train was very crowded and the children were pushed out of the train due to the force
of passengers alighting the train. Once they alighted, they were unable to climb back due
to the rush of passengers at the door and Grace was also unable to get out of the train.
4. T he police came to the railway station to check the passes of all passengers at the
railway station.
5. N aledi and Tiro went to the house of the unfortunate man. They informed his son that his
father had been arrested because he was not carrying his pass.
6. T he boy wanted to stop the police van that was carrying his father. He shouted at the
policemen to stop the van but when they did not stop, he threw a stone because he was
angry that his father had been arrested.
7. T he boy was angry that his parents were suffering due to the policy of apartheid followed
by the South African government.
C. 1. T
he black people needed a pass to stay in the urban areas so that they could seek
employment. The pass contained details of the person and his/her employment record.
This tell us that apartheid was a very discriminatory system and black people had to face
many hardships in South Africa.
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2. T
he children faced several hardships due to apartheid. They had to live apart from their
mother. They had to travel in compartments meant only for blacks, and these were usually
very crowded. Due to the crowd, they even got separated from their aunt on their way
to visit their mother. The children feared the police because they knew that the police
mistreated black children.
Vocabulary
A. 1. chuckled 2. delicate 3. combustible 4. satisfy
5. ate 6. mumbled 7. dumped 8. lucky
B. 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. c
Spelling
C. 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. b
9. b 10. b 11. b 12. a 13. b 14. a 15 . b 16. a
D. Word Meaning Origin
1. faux pas blunder, mistake French
2. bon voyage wishing a good journey French
3. modus operandi method of operation Latin
4. carte blanche free to do as one pleases French
5. pro bono without fees Latin
6. status quo the state of affair that exists Latin
7. beaux arts fine arts French
8. prima facie apparent, on first view Latin
9. prima dona leading female singer Latin
10. nouveau riche new rich French
Grammar
A. 1. Sarla hasn’t exercised for two weeks as she is not well.
2. The painting that Rana made is very beautiful. (Adj C)
3. My dog will eat whatever food I give him. (NC)
4. The man who is standing with Mukul is a doctor. (Adj C)
5. Rajan had to sit in the class until he finished his work. (Adv C)
6. If you don’t finish the food, you will not get the dessert. (Adv C)
7. Whoever leaves last should turn off the light. (NC)
8. The girl who has a bag in her hand is Lina. (Adj C)
B. 1. This lake is natural, not man-made.
2. Lina is a well-known artist.
3. I didn’t meet Lina—I only spoke to her over the phone.
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4. It was a terrible day… I mean everything went wrong.
5. I like this film very much— it’s one of the best Bollywood films.
6. He is the blue-eyed boy of the Sanskrit teacher.
7. The view of the snow-capped Himalayas was captivating.
8. It was an absolutely thrilling match—one couldn’t ask for more.
9. The owner of this car is a seventy-year-old gentleman from Chennai.
10. Everyone who participated in the essay writing competition—all my classmates did—was
given a storybook as a prize.
Listening
A. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
Speaking
C. 1. It takes a lot of time.
2. I was going to tell you.
3. It is a thorough report.
4. What time will you arrive?
5. What are you doing tonight?
6. The book is about pronunciation.
7. You need to pay attention all the time.
8. The airport is not far from the capital city.
Writing
Chapter 8. Across the Sahara on a Bicycle

Comprehension
A. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T
B. 1. T
he story of one of his Himalayan Heroes, H W Tilman, who had cycled from Kampala to
Cameroon, inspired Anindya to cycle through Africa.
2. The Morocco-Western Sahara- Mauritania route was the best because:
• i t was possible to cycle this distance without carrying any camping gear, as one could
travel from one settlement to the next in a day.
• Anindya only had to carry 4 to 5 litres of water during the ride each day.
3. A nindya took help from his friends, gathered funds through crowd-funding, and used his
savings to fund the trip.
4. Visa complications forced Anindya to cut short his riding days.
5. At Tarfaya, Anindya could get a warm shower and a cosy hotel bed.
6. N o-Man’s Land was roughly a 4-km stretch of desert between Morocco and Mauritania. It
didn’t belong to either country and was notorious for its landmines.
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7. T he weather was windy through the day and large amounts of sand was flying on the road
to Nouakchott.
8. I n the village of Tiguent, the writer met Ibrahim who was from Mali. In Tiguent, he almost
stepped on an Sahara scorpion. The writer enjoyed a fabulous meal cooked by Ibrahim.
In the evening, Ibrahim played Malian music on his mobile, and he and writer danced and
laughed together.
C. 1. Accept all correct answers.
2. I t was a life-changing journey for the writer, as he learnt a lot during the trip as a human
being who had pitied himself against the vastness of the Sahara Desert. During the trip he
faced many hardship and even racial discrimination. He learnt to accept love and hatred in
his stride.
E. Accept all correct answers.
Vocabulary
A. 1. h Landmine e xplosive device which is placed on or under the ground
and explodes when a person or vehicle touches it
2. a Civil rights t he rights that people have in a society to equal treatment and equal
opportunities, whatever their race, sex, or religion
3. c Role model someone you admire and try to imitate
4. g Close-up a photograph or a picture in a film that shows a lot of detail because
it is taken very near to the subject.
5. b Quick tempered readily roused to anger
6. f Fundraiser a n event which is intended to raise money for a particular purpose,
for example, for a charity
7. e Windmill a building with long pieces of wood on the outside which turn
around as the wind blows and provide energy for a machine
that crushes grain
8. d Get together when people meet to discuss something or to spend time together
B. 1. held up 2. gets on 3. set aside 4. pick up
5. made up for 6. broke in 7. called off 8. comes up
Grammar
A. 1. Anya does not want go out because she has a bad cold.
2. Anamika has lived in Delhi since she was a child.
3. As it was raining, they decided to stay home.
4. Once you finish your work, we will go for the party.
5. Jenny is tall even though her brother is short.
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6. Whenever my grandparents come, we have a family get-together.
7. Shreya was watching TV when her mother arrived.
8. My cousins and I kept talking until the wee hours of morning.
B. 1. but 2. and 3. nor 4. but 5. so 6. or 7. but 8. so
Listening
A. 1. M
iles of nothingness,
Canopy of blue.
If you’re able to live this,
Blessed are you.
2. T
he ride to Tarfaya,
They said it’s the best.
The wind thought otherwise,
And decided to take my test.
3. I f you see camels on the freeway,
They could be anywhere, you see?
If you see a bicycle in a desert,
Could be a mirage, or may be its me.
4. A
fter each day of pause,
My mind is put to a test.
Can I do it? Can I go on?
Don’t know yet but will do my best.
Speaking
C. 1. The gi g antic dra g on sat by the sea.
2. The teenager was a g hast to see the stranger.
3. The giraffe and the g oose lived in the bi g g arden.
4. The g irl with g rey hair is walking through a giant g ate.
5. The taste of the ginger tea was g ood.
Writing
Chapter 9. The Slave’s Dream

Comprehension
A. 1. a. The poet is talking about a slave in America.
b. The person has a sickle in his hand.
2. a. The mist and shadow of sleep refers to the dream being dreamt by the slave.
b. The slave’s native land is in Africa near the Niger river.
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3. a. The dark-eyed queen is a reference to the slave’s lovely wife.
b. Their children are with her.
4. a. T
he slave has been found by the owner lying down, and they are whipping him to wake
him up.
b. He does not feel the whip as his body is lifeless and he has died.
5. a. T
he slave’s body compared to a worn-out fetter because his soul has broken the
chains(fetters) of his body and attained freedom after dying.
b. The slave has died, and his soul has been freed from slavery.
B. 1. T
he slave lay beside the ungathered rice because he was too tired to complete his assigned
tasks.
2. T he slave had a bare breast that signifies the barrenness of his life. His matted hair was
buried in the sand that shows that is slowly dying due to a tired body and soul.
3. The slave sees the Niger river in his dreams.
4. He sees himself as a king.
5. T he slave imagines himself riding a horse swiftly along the banks of the Niger. He follows
the flamingoes and rides on till he sees the roofs of the huts of the caffre tribe. At night, he
hears the lions roar, the hyenas scream and the hippopotamus crush the reeds in a marshy
land.
6. This refers to the cry of his soul for freedom and liberty.
C. 1. Y
es, the slave suffered from the harshness of nature, as the last stanza mentions the
‘burning heat of the day’ where he is lying in direct sunlight.
2. T he slave’s dream was to get his freedom, so that he could visit his homeland in Africa and
meet his family.
3. T he slave led a very sad life as he had no freedom. In a way he eventually did get freedom
because death is the only means of attaining freedom of any kind.
Vocabulary
1. Pathos
Students can explain in their own words. Answers may vary.
2. Personification
The moon is described to be playful and full of joy.
3. Metaphor.
Rajan’s voice is compared to music and his words to cotton candy.
4. Metaphor
These images appeal to all the five senses - sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste.
Activity
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UNIT 3: HUMOUR
Warm Up
Chapter 10. Dear Dad

Comprehension
A. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T
B. 1. I n the telegram, the boy wrote to his father that he had no money so was not able to have a
good time.
2. O n receiving his Father’s reply, the boy wrote to his mother and complained that his father
had ignored his request for money. He also suspected that the mother was not aware of his
telegram and she would have been more considerate about his request for sending money.
3. T he boy thinks that the mother’s phone is in her handbag and the handbag is filled with so
many things that she is unable to hear it ring.
4. The school was located far away from any town or city.
5. T he students are allowed to go to the town once a month. They go to a market to eat food
of their choice. Most go to a dhaba to each tandoori chicken.
6. The boy gave many reasons for asking for money:
• H e had lost weight because the food being served was not as nutritious as the food
prepared by her mother.
• H e had missed watching a movie that the teacher had recommended for value
education.
• He also mentioned that it was the 21st century and things had become expensive.
7. T he boy had not scored good grades in the term so he could not argue about money with
his parents at the end of the term.
C. 1. T
be boy calls the school a ‘bored-ing’ school because he was bored. He is trying to be funny
because ‘bored-ing’ rhymes with boarding.
2. Answers may vary. Accept all correct answers.
E. Match each sentence part with the correct hyperbolic expression.
1. e 2. d 3. h 4. c 5. f 6. g 7. a 8. b
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Vocabulary
A. 1. broke 2. rubbish 3. went on
4. check 5. say hello to them for me 6. crook
B. 1. netizen: Internet + citizen 2. smog: smoke + fog
3. webcam: Web + camera 4. edutainment: education + entertainment
5. emoticon: emotion + icon 6. dumbfound: dumb + confound
7. Internet: interconnected + network 8. faction: fact + fiction
C. 1. Do you know there are three angels in a triangle? angles
2. I am pleased to except the gift. accept
3. The brakes on a bicycle work by fraction. friction
4. Punctuation means doing things on time. punctuality
5. He had to use a fire distinguisher to put out the fire. extinguisher
6. He is a golf in sheep’s clothing. wolf
7. Mom says the monster is just a pigment of my imagination. figment
8. M
y sister has an extra-honorary perception. extra-ordinary
9. We are completely against racial incrimination. discrimination
10. The students are performing experiments in the lavatory. laboratory
11. Nobody knows the nationality of the author as the book is unanimous. anonymous
12. My neighbour, an expiring guitarist, practises for hours every day. aspiring
Grammar
A. 1. Rita asked me who my teacher was.
2. Raza asked them why it took them so long to come.
3. I asked the new boy where he had studied earlier.
4. Aryan asked me where I was going.
5. Zara asked Zoya how long were her holidays.
6. He asked me where I lived earlier.
7. The boys asked the teacher when the new session will start.
8. The man asked the receptionist who the head of the art department was.
9. Mr Nanda asked the team why they had lost the match.
10. The teacher asked the students when the project will finish.
B. 1. My friend asked me if it was my car.
2. My friend asked me if I jogged every day.
3. My friend asked me if I had gone to the mountains last summer.
4. My friend asked me if my brother knew cycling.
5. My friend asked me if Sameer had visited me since he had left the town.
6. My friend asked me if my sister played cricket when she was young.
7. My friend asked me whether I was going to her birthday party.
8. My friend asked me if my cousin owned a pet.
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C. 1. My mother asked me to call her once I reached home.
2. My mother requested me to close the door.
3. My mother told me not to play with the matches.
4. My mother advised me to study hard.
5. My mother told me to clean my room.
6. My mother requested me to water the plants.
7. My mother told me not to bother my brother.
8. My mother asked me to come home early.
Listening
A. 1. hostel 2. dormitories 3. warden
4. together 5. common 6. extra-curricular
Writing
Chapter 11. The Cookie Thief

Comprehension
A. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a
B. 1. a. The cookie bag was in between the woman and the man.
b. T he woman tried to ignore because she did not want to pick up a fight and make a
scene at the airport.
2. a. ‘Mine’ refers to the packet of cookies that the woman found in her bag.
b. ‘ He’ refers to the man who was sitting next to the woman at the airport. He tried to
share his cookies with her.
C. 1. The woman was going to read a book and munch some cookies.
2. T he woman tried to ignore when he started taking cookies because she did not want to
pick up a fight and make a scene at the airport.
3. T he woman was getting angrier because she felt that her cookies were being finished by
the man.
4. The man broke the last cookie into half and offered her one half.
5. The woman thought that the man was bold, inconsiderate, and thankless.
6. T he woman gasped in surprise when she opened her bag because she found a packet of
cookies in it. All the time at the airport, she thought that the man sitting next to her was
eating her cookies. In reality, she was the one eating his cookies!
D. 1. T
he woman, who thought she was a very nice person, was not friendly with the man. On
the contrary, the man behaved in a very friendly way with her. The man was generous and
kind while the woman was pretentious and not very caring.
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Vocabulary
1. engrossed absorbed inattentive immersed uninterested
2. bold fearless timid courageous shy
3. diminish decrease strengthen increase dwindle
4. nerve meekness brazenness audacity timidity
5. gratitude ingratitude appreciation obligation thanklessness
6. despair happiness anguish hopelessness contentment
Activity
UNIT 5: SPORTS
Warm Up
A. 1. Chess 2. Kabbadi 3. Billiards 4. Kho-Kho
B. 1. Fan 2. Athelete 3. Coach 4. Opponent 5. Draw
Chapter 12. Raymond’s Run

Comprehension
A. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F
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B. 1. Squeaky helped in the house by taking care of her brother Raymond.
2. S queaky defended Raymond by getting into a fight if required and hitting the persons who
made disrespectful comments. She used to run away if things became too rough.
3. S queaky practiced running whenever she could and always preferred running to walking.
She also took a stroll down Broadway and practiced breathing exercise to on her strolls.
4. S queaky kept Raymond on the inside, close to the building, while walking because he
would get away from the sidewalk and go to the road. Sometimes he would want to cross
the traffic and go to the island in the middle of Broadway.
5. Gretchen and her friends behaved in a very rude manner with Squeaky and Raymond.
6. Squeaky felt that sometimes grow-ups are very rude to children.
7. M r Pearson told Squeaky that only six girls were participating and that the new girl would
give her tough competition.
8. S queaky took good care of her brother almost in a motherly manner. She tried to make
sure that other children did not make fun of him or trouble him. She also protected him
whenever they were on a stroll by ensuring that he walked or ran on the inside of the
sidewalk.
9. Squeaky wanted to coach Raymond to become a running champion.
10. Gretchen congratulated Squeaky and smiled back at her. It tells us that Gretchen could be
a good-natured girl and had the sportsman spirit.
C. 1. S queaky was a very confident girl. She called herself the fastest thing on two feet who
no one could beat. She was a very protective sister to Raymond. This is reflected when
she said, ‘But if anybody has anything to say to Raymond they have to come by me’. She
was also very observant and kept an eye on Raymond even when she was practicing or
running. She was hardworking and practiced her sport regularly. She was a strong person
who could not get bullied by others, and stood up against Gretchen and her friends.
S queaky also had a good sense of humour. When Mr Pearson called her Squeaky she said
that he has no right to call her Squeaky and she couldn’t call him Beanstalk.
She was kind hearted as in the end she looked towards Gretchen with kindness and
acknowledged that she is a fast runner.
2. M r Pearson said this because he knew that Squeaky would win the race, and he wanted
Gretchen to win.
3. T his tells us that Squeaky was a very kind and sensitive person who thought beyond
herself. She understood the needs of her brother’s Raymond.
4. Answers may vary. Accept all logically correct answers..
D. 1. Pinocchio (protagonist from the novel, The Adventures of Pinocchio)
2. The Jungle Book
3. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
4. The Chronicles of Narnia
5. The Wolf (character from Little Red Riding Hood)
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Vocabulary
A. 1. c 2. a 3. h 4. f 5. g 6. b 7. e 8. D
B. 1. breakage 2. appearance 3. absence 4. bravery 5. Entertainment
6. shorten 7. silence 8. boredom 9. fineness 10. happiness
Grammar
A. 1. CX 2. C 3. S 4. CX 5. S 6. C
7. S 8. CX 9. C 10. C 11. CX 12. C
B. 1. will go 2. helps 3. is 4. will give
5. studies 6. flies 7. will 8. would travel
9. will pay 10. will call 11. enters 12. will inform
Listening
A. 1. differently-abled 2. beside 3. 2016
4. paralysed 5. swimming 6. civilian
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 13. Prayer of a Sportsman

Comprehension
A. 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. B
B. 1. T
he sportsman was asking the Lord to grant him a fair and equal chance with his
opponents in the game, and the courage to play well as per the rules of the game.
2. N o, the sportsman wanted to win only as per the rules of the sport. The line, ‘And if I
should win, let it be by the code’ supports this.
3. The sportsman wanted to cheer the winner/winning team if he lost the game.
4. He wanted to appreciate the winners without any grudge or malice.
5. T he sportsman wanted to take of his hat for the winners of the game as a sign of respect.
It also means that he wanted to praise and acknowledge the skill and achievements of the
winners.
6. Yes, it is possible.
Reasons for the answer may vary. Accept all logical answers.
C. 1. Answer may vary. Accept all logical answers.
2. Answer may vary. Accept all logical answers.
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Vocabulary
A. 1. set the ball rolling 2. passed the baton 3. keep an eye on the ball
4. Wants to call the shots 5. the ball is in your court 6. in a league of his own
7. learn the ropes 8. Dropped the ball
B. 1. Practice makes one perfect 2. After a storm comes a calm
3. Variety is the spice of life 4. Beauty is only skin-deep
5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do
Activity
UNIT 6: SCIENCE AND CONSERVATION

Warm Up
A. 1. kingfisher (a bird) 2. burdock plant 3. gecko (a kind of lizard) 4. firefly
B. 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. b
Chapter 14. Sonam Wangchuk

Comprehension
A. 1. Rolex Awards 2. ice stupas 3. nine
4. alternative learning practices 5. water scarcity 6. doer
B. 1. T
he Rolex Award for Enterprise is an international philanthropic programme that
supports new and ongoing projects by individuals who have touched all aspects of
humanity by expanding knowledge or improving life on the planet.
2. S onam Wangchuk was born and brought up in a tiny village of five households, about 70
km from Leh. He spent the first nine years of his life learning in a ‘holistic, harmonious
way’. There weren’t any schools in his village, so he learnt to read and write from his
mother. He played in the fields, sowing seeds, working with animals, jumping in the river,
and climbing trees.
3. While pursuing engineering, he started teaching children.
4. A ccording to the survey conducted by the Himalayan Institute of Alternatives, almost 95
per cent students had failed their board exams. Wangchuk, over the next two decades,
introduced alternative learning practices and innovative measures that reduced this
number to 25 per cent.
5. S ECMOL takes the failures from the conventional school system and makes living in the
school a learning experience in itself. The students run the school themselves. They learn
by doing – they farm, keep animals, make food products, and engage in solving real-life
problems.
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6. I ce stupas are built during winter, so that the water from them when they start melting
can be used in late spring. To build an Ice stupa, a pipe is taken upslope, put in the stream
or the lake and buried under six feet under the ground. The pipe takes water downslope
to the village. Due to gravity, pressure builds up in the pipe and water comes out gushing
upward like a sprinkler. The sprinkling water, in −20°C, falls and freezes and over weeks
it becomes a huge mountain of ice. The idea is to freeze the water in the winter and use
it in late spring. The conical tower shape ensures that the surface exposed to the sun is
minimal, so premature melting is avoided.
7. T he Himalayan Institute of Alternatives aims to create a sustainable ecosystem of constant
innovation, wherein the youth from different Himalayan countries will come together
to research the issues faced by mountain people in the field of education, culture, and
environment. The participants will also formulate ways to solve those issues through
innovative ideas and practical application of knowledge.
C. 1. S tupas are Buddhist shrines that are dome shaped. The population of Ladakh is mostly
Buddhist so the structures have been called ice stupas.
2. Y es, Sonam Wngchuk deserved the Rolex Award for Enterprise. He has made a significant
contribution to improving life by reducing scarcity of water in his area.
3. Answers may vary. This can be taken as a class debate.
Vocabulary
A. 1. Surfing is the sport of riding on the top of a wave while standing or lying on a special
board.
Surfing is also the activity of looking at different sites on the Internet.
2. An application is a formal written request for something such as a job or membership.
An application is also a piece of software designed to carry out a task.
3. A tablet is a small solid round mass of medicine which you swallow.
A tablet is also a small flat computer that you operate by touching the screen.
4. The mail is the public service or system by which letters and parcels are collected and
delivered. You can refer to either e-mails or even the letters and parcels that are delivered
to you as mail.
5. A web is the thin net made by a spider from a sticky substance which it produces in its body.
The Web is the also a short form of the World Wide Web.
6. A wall is one of the vertical sides of a building or room.
A wall is also a page or an area on a social media website where you can read messages
7. Wallpaper is thick coloured or patterned paper that is used for covering and decorating
the walls of rooms.
Wallpaper is the background on a computer or phone screen.
8. A notebook is a small book for writing notes in.
A notebook is also a small personal computer.
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9. A cloud is a white or grey mass of water vapour that floats in the sky.
Cloud-based technology allows you to use programs and information that are stored on
the internet rather than on your own computer.
10. A tweet is a short, high-pitched sound made by a small bird.
A tweet is also a short message from someone on the Twitter website.
B. 1. except 2. affect 3. altogether 4. advice
5. brakes 6. assure, ensure 7. desert, desserts 8. allowed, aloud
9. compliment 10. loose, lose
Grammar
A. 1. Mukul is always praised by Lina.
2. The guitar is being played by Anjali.
3. Her homework has been forgotten by Arpita.
4. Their stories were not believed by anyone.
5. An interesting story was being read by her.
6. That film had been watched by Raghav earlier.
7. The letter has been mailed by me.
8. Your kindness will never be forgotten by me.
B. 1. Rina bought a car yesterday.
2. The village team won the game.
3. Gaurav will write the story.
4. They sell many types of books.
5. Loud music is disturbing us.
6. They made a presentation.
7. She had already sent the email.
8. The publisher has mailed the package.
C. 1. This is the man who we met in the morning. D
2. Maria, who is a doctor, is my neighbour. ND
3. Renu, who travels a lot, is a writer. ND
4. The man who lives downstairs is a teacher. D
5. Do you know the lady who just walked in? D
D. 1. who do not maintain cleanliness (D)
2. which is the capital of England (ND)
3. that you sent me last Friday (D)
4. which is the second-most populous country in the world (ND)
5. which is a hill station (ND)
6. who is from China (ND)
Listening
A. 1. Name: Richard Feynman, Profession: scientist/physicist
2. Name: Kalpana Chawla, Profession: astronaut
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3. Name: Ayrton Senna, Profession: racing driver
4. Name: Sourav Ganguly, Profession: former captain of the Indian cricket team
5. Name: Lata Mangeshkar, Profession: singer
Speaking
C. Hard c: curtain, discuss, decade, bicycle (here, the underlined c is hard c), crucial
S oft c: c inema, celebrity, decided, recipe, bicycle (here, the underlined c is soft c), cereal,
recess, special
D. Accept all grammatically correct answers.
Writing
Chapter 15. Mother Nature’s Treasures

Comprehension
A. 1. a. Nature has been described as a mother.
b. M other Nature took the speaker across the countryside to the areas where human
beings have exploited and abused natural resources.
2. a. Mother Nature drew the poet’s attention to the bird’s cry.
b. The redtail was flying to find food for her children.
3. a. M ountains, rivers, wildlife, plants, air, and all other things found in environment are
Nature’s priceless treasure.
b. T he second line tells us that it is not possible to measure the gifts of nature in money
or dollar.
4. a. Mother Nature speaks to the poet in trembling voice.
b. A ll the treasures and pleasure of nature belong to all who willing to share these
resources and take care of them.
B. 1. Man has misused and abused our precious Earth.
2. The herd bull made a call to challenge the human being who are threating their habitat.
3. The sky looks very colourful during the sunset.
4. The coyote’s cry is very sad.
5. Mother Nature does not ever want to sell her treasures.
6. M
other Nature has tears in her eyes thing about the way mankind has abused and misused
nature’s treasures.
C. 1. M
other Nature says that man has confused and abused things with inane things of worth,
meaning that man has destroyed the natural world to build things that are meaningless.
Human has cut trees and built concrete building there, killed animals for their fur and
skin to make clothes and other goods, thereby investing in things that can be bought with
money at the cost of the nature’s treasures.
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2. Answers many vary. Accept all grammatically correct answers.
3. Answers many vary. Accept all grammatically correct answers.
Vocabulary
A. 1. beat around the bush 2. Reach for the stars 3. go with the flow
4. in deep waters 5. a drop in the ocean
B. 1. a 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. D
C. Across: 4. autumn 5. twilight 9. seashore 10. cloud
Down: 1. climate 2. meadow 3. beach 4. landscape
7. rainbow 8. Brook
Activity
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Answer Keys to Workbook
UNIT 1: HUMAN RIGHTS
Chapter 1. Partition
Comprehension
A. Read the lines from the poem and answer the questions.
1. a. ‘ that accepts duty to all’ means that everybody living in a civilised land has a duty
to fulfil.
b. Citizens have rights in a civilised land.
2. a. ‘things’ here mean access to human rights to the citizens of a civilised land.
b. People in a civilised land should value truth, fairness, justice and decency.
B. Think and answer the questions.
1. I n a civilised country, citizens enjoy both great and small rights, and value ideals such as
truth, fairness, justice, and decency.
2. W hen powerful leaders and officials value money more than human rights they look
for excuses to take away other citizens’ rights through terrible ways in order to make
themselves more rich and powerful. They refuse to accept any guilt for what they
have done.
3. A civilised society becomes sick when justice is denied to its citizens and human rights are
curbed. In such a society, leaders and officials replace values of truth, fairness, justice, and
decency with their power.
Vocabulary
A. Accept all correct answers. Here is a sample answer:
1. Every human being has the right to life.
2. Right to practice religion is a fundamental right enshrined in the Constitution of India.
3. Every Indian citizen has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
4. Right to equality before the law means that each individual must be treated equally by
the law.
5. The state will make no law curbing the right to freedom of speech.
B. Abstract nouns
• develop + ment = development • digest + ion = digestion
• merry + ment = merriment • beautify + tion = beautification
• hero + ism = heroism • national + ism = nationalism
• absurd + ism = absurdism • false + hood = falsehood
• capital + ism = capitalism • slave + ry = slavery
• captive + ity = captivity • snob + ery = snobbery
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• free + dom = freedom • break + age = breakage
• martyr + dom = martyrdom • weight + age = weightage
• short + age = shortage • remember + ance = remembrance
• pilgrim + age = pilgrimage • appear + ance = appearance
Grammar
A. 1. win 2. was 3. are 4. does 5. was 6. suits
7. are 8. is 9. feels 10. has written 11. have completed 12. believe
B. 1. Don’t tell a lie.
2. None/No one spoke as fast as him.
3. Aman likes horror films.
4. Does Lina like to play video games?
5. What a fabulous film it is!
6. How brilliant a student she is!
7. It is a beautiful scene.
8. Don’t switch on the fan.
9. How smart are you!
10. Doesn’t he take exercise every day?
11. Anjali looks very excited.
12. Write to the principal.
13. What a marvellous performance it was!
14. Please open the door.
Listening
A. 1. basic rights of human beings 2. campus 3. Human Rights
4. rights 5. legal
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 2. A Girl’s Incredible Journey from Syria

Comprehension
A. 1. 10 December 2. arbitrary
3. all nations 4. 1993
5. Political corruption
B. 1. H
uman Rights Day came into being when the United Nations Assembly adopted the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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2. Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.
E veryone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each
state. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his
country.
3. T
rafficking of women and children, food security, right to education and health, child
labour, violation of human rights of prisoners and disabled, custodial deaths are the main
human rights issues in India.
4. a. renowned b. discrimination
C. 1. Y
es the right to nationality is important because everyone has the right to a nationality. No
one can be arbitrarily denied the right to nationality.
2. T he problem of child labour in India can be solved by ensuring education And good health
for every child.
Vocabulary
A. Building a lasting friendship is not easy. An acquaintance or a chance friendship may
or may not turn into a lasting friendship. Many of us look for a good friend, but very few
of us understand what it takes to maintain a friendship. The first thing you should do is
understand your friend as well as help your friend understand you. In case you notice any
misunderstanding brewing, address that directly. You can enrich your friendship by making
it interesting and adding value to it. Right from the beginning of your friendship, always be
at your friend’s side and be loyal to your friend. You and your friends may not have the same
likes and dislikes.
You should be respectful of these differences.
B. 1. Captain.
2. department
3. self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
4. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
5. miles per hour
6. Saint
7. ante meridiem
8. International Monetary Fund
9. Chief Executive Officer
10. Indian Space Research Organization
Dictionary Skills
1. interjection 2. preposition
3. adjective 4. adjective
5. noun 6. adverb
7. pronoun 8. adverb
9. pronoun 10. conjunction
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Grammar
A. 1 These freshly cooked beans are tasty. (Past participle)
2. The sleeping watchman was unaware of the burglary. (Present participle)
3. My cousin wants to learn French. (Infinitive)
4. The doctor advised me to go for a walk daily. (Infinitive)
5. My aunt sent me a handwritten letter last month. (Past participle)
6. She put the ironed clothes in the wardrobe. (Past participle)
7. Sailing is my favourite sport. (Gerund)
8. The teacher returned the checked notebooks to the students. (Past participle)
9. I am fond of writing horror stories. (Gerund)
10. We wanted to bring you a present. (Infinitive)
B. 1. She loves to eat mangoes. (Infinitive)
2. He is learning to play guitar. (Infinitive)
3. Dancing is a good exercise. (Gerund)
4. Sleeping during daytime is not good for health. (Gerund)
5. Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice. (Gerund)
6. Have you listened to completed recordings of his interview? (Past participle)
7. Have you come across his written statement? (Past participle)
8. Where is his walking stick? (Present participle)
9. I saw him burn crackers. (Infinitive)
10. I want to learn instrumental music. (Infinitive)
C. 1. on 2. In 3. in 4. in 5. on 6. in
7. in 8. after 9. at 10. to 11. into 12. for
13. in 14. on 15. out of
Listening
A. 1. limb 2. rampant 3. drug 4. Sunday 5. freedom
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 3. A Dream
Vocabulary
A. T
he rhyme scheme of Stanzas 1 and 4 is ABAB, and the rhyme scheme of Stanzas 2, 3, and 5
is ABCB.
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B. 1. hole 2. whole 3. hear 4. here 5. grate
6. great 7. flour 8. flower 9. knew 10. new
Writing
Chapter 4. The Landlady

Comprehension
A. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T
B. 1. Staley Fleming saw a big black Newfoundland dog in his room.
2. A twell Barton was an old enemy of Staley Fleming. He was stabbed to death and his body
was found in the woods near his and Staley’s house.
3. Barton’s dog died of starvation after his master’s death.
4. T he physician advised Fleming to go to bed with doors open, and press the electric bell if
anything disturbed him.
5. The doctor picked up Denneker’s Meditations to read.
6. a. psychopathy: mental disorder
b. loony: a mad person
c. forefoot: frontal section
d. sinister: evil
e. pleasantry: a mild joke
C. 1. T
he examination of the body of Fleming revealed marks of an animal’s fangs in the jugular
vein. Yes, it was shocking because there was no animal nearby.
2. F leming didn’t commit suicide. The physician initially thought it was a case of suicide but
the postmortem reports later confirmed injuries caused by an animal.
Vocabulary
A. 1. get around 2. got up 3. looking for
4. sorting out 5. found out 6. fit in
7. called off 8. get through 9. keep up
10. put on
B. 1. classical 2. major 3. conclusion 4. utter 5. heinous
6. committed 7. keep 8. hatch 9. historical 10. farewell
Grammar
A. 1. goes 2. have written 3. will have cleaned 4. has been working
5. missed 6. will talk 7. had gone 8. will give
B. 1. I am playing tennis with my sister.
2. I have lived in Dehradun for five years.
3. I will be visiting my grandparents tomorrow.
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4. He jogs every morning.
5. She will have completed two chapters.
6. We had played hockey for three hours.
7. Lina will draw ten pictures every day.
8. Navit liked the pictures Lina drew.
9. The teacher was writing the exercise on the board.
10. Simran and Aman did their work with great diligence.
C. 1. He is an honest person, isn’t he?
2. I have always helped you overcome difficulties, haven’t I?
3. Delhi is too crowded, isn’t it?
4. There is no harm in walking, is there?
5. These biscuits don’t taste good, do they?
6. You didn’t send me any message, did you?
7. You can’t lift this box alone, can you?
8. We should respect everybody’s opinion, shouldn’t we?
9. Anita completes her work on time, doesn’t she?
10. I have already shared this information with you, haven’t I?
11. The children did not watch TV, did they?
12. Sarita’s father is not an engineer, is he?
13. They are going for a picnic this weekend, aren’t they?
14. We are going to see the film today, aren’t we?
15. He is collecting stamps for his school project, isn’t he?
Listening
1. E
rgonomics is practical science that is making a valuable contribution to an industry. It
increases people’s work efficiency, improves product designs, and makes employees more
contented.
2. W
hile redesigning a machine, an ergonomist takes into account the capabilities and
limitations of the people who have to use or operate the machine.
3. T
he traditional approach to operate a machine is to fit a person to the machine by
selecting and training the best person for a particular job
4. T
he new approach adopted in ergonomics is to fit the machine to the person who has to
operate it. This enables the person with ordinary abilities to carry out his/her tasks safely
and efficiently, with minimum instructions.
5. A
n ergonomist needs to have a good knowledge of several sciences and techniques, like
psychology, the study of human behaviour; physiology, the study of how the human body
works; and anatomy, the study of the structure of the human body. In addition to these, an
ergonomist must also know about engineering and work techniques.
Writing
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Chapter 5. While the Auto Waits
Comprehension
A. 1. a. T
he poet describes the houses where men lived and died as haunted houses.
b. The harmless phantoms have feet that make no sound upon the floors.
2. a. ‘They’ refer to the phantoms in the haunted houses.
b. ‘ They’ create impalpable impressions on the air, giving a sense of something moving to
and fro.
B. 1. We meet the harmless phantoms at the doorway and on the stair.
2. The table has more guests than the hosts invited as phantom guests throng there.
3. The illuminated hall is thronged with quiet, inoffensive ghosts.
4. T
he stranger cannot see the ghosts nor hear their sounds, but perceives their presence.
The speaker, however, clearly see them and hear their sounds.
5. a. perceive
b. illuminated
he lines ‘…the illuminated hall/Is thronged with quiet, inoffensive ghosts,/As silent as the
C. 1. T
pictures on the wall’ contain a simile. Here the comparison is made between the quiet,
inoffensive ghosts and the pictures on the wall to emphasize the silent presence of the
phantoms.
2. ‘Impalpable impressions on the air’ is an example of alliteration. It has repetition of the
same letter ‘I’.
3. W hile some people can see phantoms clearly, some others can only perceive the presence
of phantoms.
Vocabulary
(Br) → British (Am) → American
1. fibre (Br) fiber (Am)
2. fueled (Am) fuelled (Br)
3. pediatric (Am) paediatric (Br)
4. offense (Am) offence (Br)
5. traveller (Br) traveler (Am)
6. endeavour (Br) endeavor (Am)
7. calibre (Am) calibre (Br)
8. monolog (Am) monologue (Br)
9. fulfil (Am) fulfil (Br)
10. chequered (Br) checkered (Am)
11. humor (Am) humour (Br)
12. licence (Br) license (Am)
13. centimetre (Am) centimetre (Br)
14. grey (Br) gray (Am)
15. center (Am) centre (Br)
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Grammar
1. He wore a turban of cotton. Adjective phrase
2. There I met a girl with golden hair. Adjective phrase
3. He was a man of great wealth. Adjective phrase
4. He is sleeping on the floor. Prepositional phrase
5. The girl sat beside her mother. Prepositional phrase
6. He stayed there for a few hours. Prepositional phrase
7. Divya is sitting in the car. Prepositional phrase
8. He has a dog with a short tail. Adjective phrase
9. The teacher explained the poem in simple language. Adverb phrase
10. He bought a nice white shirt yesterday. Adverb phrase
11. Everybody laughed at the cartoon. Prepositional phrase
12. Lina won the contest against all odds. Prepositional phrase
13. There was a bucket full of water. Adjective phrase
14. He was walking very slowly. Adverb phrase
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 6. The Way Through the Woods

Vocabulary
A. 1. Harry Smith hated humming.
2. Arvind’s aunt ate apples all the time.
3. The animal allegedly attacked a schoolboy.
4. Harry’s cat clawed his couch all night.
5. Deepa enjoys watching English films while eating.
6. Mukul bought many matching ties at the market.
7. Lina loves lychees, mangoes, and grapes.
8. Walter wondered if Wally was angry with him.
9. Some people play games and practise dance in the park.
10. Ganesh’s giraffe gobbled gooseberries greedily.
B. 1. The ball bounced back to the backyard of my house.
2. The crew couldn’t control the men in the cabin.
3. Grass grows greener in the olive grove.
4. Tom’s horse has hard hooves.
5. The red roses were wrapped in ribbons.
6. David did not dance, nor did he sing.
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7. Neeta’s nephew needs new pens.
8. The little boy bought fresh flowers for his sister.
9. Latika lit the lamp at night.
10. The principal placed the paper plane made by Raman.
C. 1. My neighbours are not normally noisy.
2. Nancy nabbed her niece by the nape of her neck.
3. The snake slithered across the sandy seaside.
4. The store clerk stood up and stared at me.
5. The teacher took away the troublemakers’ toys.
6. The wind whistled through the weeping willows.
D. Accept all correct answers. Here is a sample answer.
1. Beautiful woods/visual 2. Music in nature/auditory
3. Playfulness/auditory 4. Scented ambience/olfactory
5. Nice feeling/ Kinesthetic
Writing
A. The correct order of the panels is 4,1,2,3.
Unit 3: RACE
Chapter 7. Journey to Jo’ burg

Comprehension
A. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. False
B. 1. Kathrada was born in 1929 in a small town of Schweizer-Reneke in Western
Transvaal. His parents were from Surat, India.
2. K athrada moved to Johannesburg in childhood as Indian-origin children were not allowed
to attend schools in the town of Schweizer-Reneke.
3. T BIA was founded by Mahatma Gandhi to fight against the discrimination against Indians
in South Africa.
4. ‘ The famous Rivonia 11’ refers to the eleven South African leaders including Nelson
Mandela, Dennis Goldberg, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Elias Motsoaledi, Raymond
Mhlaba, Andrew Mlangeni and Ahmed Kathrada who were arrested in 1962 while having
a secret meeting at Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia. Eight of them were sentenced to life
imprisonment.
5. K athrada was sentenced to life imprisonment for his fight against the racist white
government.
6. K athrada used his time in prison to obtain four university degrees: a BA, a B. Bibliography,
and two BA Honours degrees.
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he Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award is India’s highest honour for foreign nationals of
7. T
Indian origin. Kathrada won it in 2005.
8. a. national b. successor
C. 1. TBIA influenced Kathrada to join South Africa’s struggle against apartheid.
2. Kathrada spent twenty-six years and three months in prison but didn’t lose hope.
H e used his time in prison to obtain four university degrees and continued his fight against
white racism. This shows that he was a man of courage and determination.
Vocabulary
A. 1. unequal treatment 2. influenced
3. in written record 4. captivity
5. control 6. together peacefully
7. infamous 8. in the beginning
9. charged 10. respected
B. 1. impartial 2. partially
3. undocumented/fictitious 4. freedom
5. minor 6. disharmony/discord
7. respectable/honourable 8. finally
9. acquitted 10. dishonoured
Grammar
A. 1. I have a storybook that has beautiful illustrations. (AC)
2. She became so emotional that she could not speak. (AVC)
3. Do you know what he wrote in the mail? (NC)
4. The duck went where it could swim without any fear. (AVC)
5. I do not sing because I tend to go off -key. (AVC)
6. Uncle Prateek met them when he was in Mexico. (AVC)
7. The book was lying where I had left it. (AVC)
8. I cannot understand why you don’t want to exercise. (AVC)
9. I know an artist who can draw pictures very fast. (AC)
10. She visits her cousins whenever she goes to Mumbai. (AVC)
B. 1. Sonakshi told me, after I left the house, that she needed my car. (AVC)
2. This is the book which I bought last week. (NC)
3. I saw a strange animal that had a long tail. (AC)
4. The principal rewarded the girl because she was the bravest. (AVC)
5. I don’t think that she is an actress. (NC)
6. The coach gave one more chance to the players even though they had many chances. (AVC)
Punctuation
C. 1. Paulo Coelho is a world-famous writer.
2. This a computer-generated password.
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3. I didn’t say your performance is poor—I meant you can do even better.
4. I t was a neck-to-neck fight, and nobody could say who’d win…ultimately, it was
sportsmanship that won.
5. I like this book a lot… it’s one of the most interesting spy novels ever.
6. Do you know the grey-haired woman?
7. This is the second-highest award given in sports.
8. I don’t know when I fell asleep… it was eight in the morning, and I was too late for school.
Listening
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. c
Writing
Chapter 8. Across the Sahara on a Bicycle

Comprehension
A. 1. a. The speaker is a mother speaking to her son.
b. B y ‘no crystal stair’ the woman speaker means to say that her life has not been so
elegant and beautiful and perfect as crystal things.
2. a. The mother addresses her son as ‘honey’.
b. ‘ I’se still climbin’ means always striving to do better. It is symbolic of perseverance.
The mother means to say to her son that no matter how old you are, you have to
continue striving for things.
B. 1. T
he mother is telling her son that life has not been so elegant and beautiful and perfect
as crystal things. It has problems and losses. She has suffered because of imperfections in
her life. During the bad times, there was hardly any place safe for her. But bad things do
happen in life and they hurt; but one needs to continue.
2. T he ‘tacks’ signify problems or losses that the mother has suffered, and the ‘splinters’
mean the imperfections in her life.
3. T he mother confesses that life has not always been smooth and perfect for her. Sometimes,
it has been very hard, but it is worth going through the struggle.
She has accepted the challenges of life and is still fighting them.
4. Two metaphors in the poem are: boards torn up and no carpet on the floor—Bare.
C. 1. T
he mother has patience and determination to continue to struggle in life. She also wants
her son to persevere the way she did in her life. Despite the hardships she has faced all her
life, her attitude towards living is brave and positive.
2. T he poem tells us that life is a challenging and demanding journey. It is not always
beautiful and perfect. It has its own share of problems and losses. Humans suffer because
of the hardships they come across in their life. They must have patience during these bad
times and must continue the journey as it is worth going through the struggle.
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Vocabulary
A. 1. Tanima is a well-respected actress.
2. Manisha bought an extra-large T-shirt for her brother.
3. We arrived at the stadium at half-time.
4. It is his part-time job.
5. The sentence is correct.
6. The nineteen-year-old archer has won a medal at the Asian Games.
7. The sentence is correct.
8. Self-study is necessary for the reinforcement of concepts learnt at school.
B. 1. delicious 2. impressed 3. companion
4. listen 5. sunlight 6. obey
7. April 8. chased 9. pleasant
10. shone 11. author
C. 1. think of 2. given up 3. put on 4. came across
5. took off 6. brought up 7. hurry up 8. came off
Grammar
A. 1. I could not meet her as she was not home. SC
2. I will wait for you until you return. SC
3. We left early so that we could arrive on time. SC
4. I don’t know whether he will accept my offer. SC
5. If you eat junk food often, you will become obese. SC
6. I am sure that he will help me. MC
7. The teacher said that honesty is the best policy. MC
8. Do you know where Lina lives? SC
9. The man who stole my laptop has been arrested. SC
10. It is difficult to say how many candidates will pass the test. MC
11. I first met him when I lived in Indore. SC
12. The train had left before I reached the station. SC
B. 1. It is so hot that I am sweating constantly. SC
2. She laughed when the puppy chased its tail. SC
3. I tried to contact Sasha, but she didn’t pick up the phone. CC
4. Whoever comes first in the race will win a trophy. SC
5. Cut the sheet of paper in half before you decorate it. SC
6. Water the plants regularly, or they will die. CC
7. It was very hot, so I stayed at home. CC
8. Although he is sixty, he is quite strong. SC
9. I didn’t tease him, nor did I eat his lunch. CC
10. Do you know whether he wants to participate in the race? SC
Listening
A. 1. b. 2. d 3. a 4. c
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Speaking
Writing
Chapter 9. The Slave’s Dream

Comprehension
A. 1. Listening to the scientist’s spellbinding speech, the students were as quiet as mice.
The students are compared to mice.
2. The young man looked as strong as a bull.
The man is compared to a bull.
3. The English paper was as tricky as a labyrinth.
The English paper is compared to a labyrinth.
4. She hung her head like a dying flower.
The girl’s head is compared to a dying flower.
5. The clouds were like ice cream castles in the sky.
The clouds are compared to ice cream castles in the sky.
6. The children ran like ripples through water.
The running children are compared to the ripples through water.
7. Her hands fluttered like hummingbird’s wings.
The fluttering hands are compared to a hummingbird’s wings.
8. The river flows like a stream of glass.
The flowing of a river is compared to a stream of glass.
9. Her eyes are like those of statues.
The eyes of a girl are compared to the eyes of statues.
10. Bhavya is as busy as a bee.
Bhavya’s busy routine is compared to the business of a bee.
C. 1. grasshopper 2. passport 3. rattlesnake 4. scapegoat
5. peppermint 6. toothpaste 7. babysitter 8. honeycomb
9. keyhole 10. washroom 11. wastewater 12. waterproof
13. raindrop 14. houseboat 15. tablespoon 16. teammate
Writing
B. 1. computer 2. travel company 3. car 4. bread 5. shoes
Accept all correct answers for the rest of the question.
169

Chapter 10. Dear Dad
A. 1. practical 2. reception
3. laughed 4. large wooden shutters
B. 1. T
he author went to stay for the hunting season with some friends in a chateau in Picardy.
It was autumn season.
2. T he author received a princely reception upon his arrival, which at once aroused distrust
in his heart. His friends also embraced him and cajoled him. This made the author say to
himself: ‘Look out, old man! They have something in preparation for you.’
3. T he author sensed a practical joke in the air because during the evening, everyone laughed
in an exaggerated fashion.
4. T he author was awakened with a start by the fall of a heavy body tumbling right on top of
his own body.
5. a. restless b. carefully
C. 1. E
ver since his arrival, the author was trying to avoid becoming the victim of his friends’
practical joking. He took major precautions in that regard. Despite that, his friends had
great fun at his expense because of his encounter with the valet early in the morning.
2. Accept all correct answers.
3. Accept all correct answers.
Vocabulary
A. 1. patriot 2. emigrant
3. sabotage 4. philanthropist
5. novice 6. scaffold
7. verbose 8. ambassador
9. anonymous 10. optimist
B. 1. chuckle snort
2. emotion icon
3. flame glare
4. electricity execute
5. malicious software
6. video idiot
Grammar
A. 1. He told me, ‘I am ill.’
2. I asked him, ‘Would you help me?’
3. The engineer said, ‘I have finished the job.’
4. The traveller asked me, ‘Where is the nearest bus stop?’
5. The patient asked the doctor, ‘Can I drink coffee?’
6. My father advised me, ‘Don’t eat fast food.’
7. She said, ‘I work in a bank.’
8. Raj suggested, ‘They should wait for Rita.’
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9. Deepa asked me, ‘Where were you?’
10. Sameer told his younger sister, ‘Don’t waste your money on toys.’
11. The man said, ‘I cannot drive a lorry.’
12. David told me, ‘My father is fifty years old.’
13. Monica asked me, ‘Would you like to dance?’
14. Shikha and Sheeba said, ‘We need new phones.’
15. The teacher asked me, ‘Have your parents arrived?’
B. 1. My friend said that Manu was a brave girl.
2. My friend said that Ramesh was keen on working on his grammar skills.
3. My friend said that Pinky could not compete with Rinku.
4. My friend said that Tina wasted money on useless things.
5. My friend said that Manita woke up early on Sundays.
6. My friend said that Lina was born in Meerut.
7. My friend said that the children were returning from school.
8. My friend said that India was the world’s largest democracy.
9. My friend said that Raman and Suman were playing in the park.
10. My friend said that Raghav’s parents had gone out of town.
Listening
A. 1. Raman is learning Spanish.
2. He has classes five days a week.
3. The duration of each class is one hour.
4. W
hen a learner uses a wrong word or sentence, the teacher tells them correct word or
sentence, and the learner then has to say it ten times.
5. At the end, Raman says that he has learnt counting up to ten.
Speaking
Writing
Chapter 11. The Cookie Thief

Vocabulary
A. 1. the school race winner a cheetah
The comparison suggests that the winner of the school race runs as fast as the cheetah.
2. necessity mother
T
he comparison suggests that if there is really a need for something, people will find a way
of doing/inventing it.
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3. he family
The comparison suggests that the family has no one else to bank upon but him.
4. Lina angel
The comparison suggests that Lina is a very kind human being. She helps everyone.
5. dog circus clown
T
he comparison suggests that the speaker’s dog is funny. He makes everyone laugh like a
circus clown.
6. team captain diamond
The comparison suggests that the team captain is as precious as a diamond.
7. The mother’s call the best medicine
T he comparison suggests that the speaker’s homesickness is cured by his mother’s call
just as a disease is cured by a medicine.
C. 1. d. 2. c. 3. b. 4. e. 5. a.
Accept all correct sentences.
D. 1. When visiting a foreign land, follow the customs of people in that place.
2. W e should not do harm to a person who has done harm to us, even if we think he
deserves it.
3. I t is natural for humans to make mistakes, and it is important to forgive them when
they do.
4. W e should deal with the needs of people who live close to us before helping those who live
further away or in another country.
5. A person’s sense of morality lessens as his or her power increases.
E. 1. If you can’t beat them, join them.
2. Beggars can’t be choosers.
3. You can’t have your cake and eat it too.
Writing
12. Raymond’s Run

Comprehension
A. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
B. 1. Rawat’s school was seven kilometres from his school.
2. R ace walking is a long-distance discipline within athletics. It is different from other races
because although it is a foot race, one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at
all times over the course of 20 km. This is also the reason why it requires mental focus, apart
from the inherent stamina, technique, and fitness required in other long-distance races.
3. I n race walking, an athlete needs mental focus, apart from the inherent stamina, technique
and fitness that is required in any long-distance race.
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4. I n the World Championship in Beijing, Manish’s 3:57:11 effort earned him a Rio berth for
the 50-km race-walking event.
5. A t the Rio Olympics, Manish reached the finals of the 20-km event and finished 13th,
ahead of some of the best race walkers in the world, including four former world
champions, three Asian champions, two European champions and even two Olympic
medalists. He registered a final timing of 1:21:21, less than a minute behind the bronze
medalist.
6. a. inspiring b. admitting c. odds d. incredible
C. 1. A
ccording to India’s national race-walking team coach, Alexander Artsybashev, race
walking has great possibilities in the country, if the Indian authorities take it more
seriously. Artsybashev is correct in his opinion because the race-walking athletes require
adequate funding from the authorities concerned, if they want to hone their talents. Like
Manish Rawat, who had once thought of quitting the race to support his family, there are
many athletes who face the same dilemma of choosing between a source of livelihood
or continuing to pursue their athletic goals. Also, India has produced four race-walking
champions since KT Irfan finished 10th in the London Olympics. With no dearth of talent
in race-walking in India, the athletes only need a boost from the authorities to moved
ahead.
2. I n India, so far there have been four race-walking champions since Kerala’s KT Irfan
finished 10th at the London Olympics. For the Rio Olympics, as many as nine race walkers
qualified, but three had to be dropped because India didn’t have enough spots. Athletes,
like Manish Rawat had to face a lot of financial difficulties, which at one time, made him
decide to quit the sport to support his family. However, top medal-winning countries
spend millions of dollars to produce a single champion. The UK had spent 5,5 million
pounds on each medal winner. This gap can be bridged only if the authorities concerned
give adequate support to the race-walking athletes, especially financially.
Vocabulary
A. 1. impossible 2. illegal 3. dismount
4. illiterate 5. inaccurate 6. inorganic
7. immobile 8. insane 9. irreconcilable
10. ineligible 11. immoral 12. imperfect
13. discomfort 14. inconsistent 15. incoherent
For the sentences, accept all correct answers.
B. 1. fondness 2. replacement 3. arrival
4. judgement 5. refusal 6. creation
7. survival 8. reduction 9. government
10. adjustment 11. achievement 12. recognition
13. bitterness 14. combination 15. Dismissal
For the sentences, accept all correct answers.
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Grammar
A. 2. Raju did not complete his work, but went to sleep early.
3. Rohan was scared of being left alone in the house, and started crying.
4. Sunil is the fastest runner in the school, but he doesn’t want to participate in this race.
5. Arjun is a good speaker, though he is a little shy.
6. As soon as the play ended, the audience clapped immediately.
7. I know that Lina is a great artist.
8. It was very hot outside, so I stayed at home.
9. He has complained to the police, and they are looking into the matter.
10. He was skilled in painting, yet he was not allowed to participate in the painting
competition.
B. 1. Although he tried his best he didn’t succeed.
2. As soon as the clown entered the circus ring, the children started clapping.
3. You take care of small things, and big things will take care of themselves.
4. If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus.
5. Though the battle has been won, the war isn’t over yet.
6. Ria decorated the cookies that Piyush made.
7. Unless you are eighteen years old, you are not eligible to vote.
8. Everybody knows that leprosy is curable.
9. He is a magician from Turkey, and has performed all over the world.
10. The colour and the design of this dress do not appeal to me.
C. 1. If I were an astronaut, I would travel to Mars.
2. If she studies hard, she will pass the exam with good grades.
3. If you don’t handle the box carefully, the cups would break.
4. If I had magic powers, I would make everyone in the world happy.
5. If he switches on the button, what will happen?
6. How would you behave with the common people if you became a powerful politician?
Listening
A. 1. professional 2. responsible
3. imposed 4. obligations
5. objectively
Speaking
Writing
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13. Prayer of Sportsman
Vocabulary
A. 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. f 6. c
For sentences, accept all correct answers.
B. 1. RADAR 2. MALAYALAM 3. NOON
4. CIVIC 5. GIG 6. ROTATOR
C. 1. refer: to talk about or mention someone or something
2. level: a point on a scale
3. peep: to have a quick look at something, often secretly and quietly
4. tenet: the main principles of a theory or belief
5. deed: something a person has done, especially something very good or very bad
Writing
14. Sonam Wangchuk

Comprehension
A. 1. a. In the past, the ocean floors were crystal clear.
b. Pollution has changed things, from clean and clear to littered and dirty.
2. a. W e cannot blame pollution for the sad situation because it we, the humans, have
caused the pollution.
b. ‘ You reap what you have sown’ means you have to face the consequences of your
actions. Humans have polluted the environment; now they have to face the results of
their action in the form of polluted air and water.
B. 1. The theme of the poem is pollution and how it is harming the environment.
2. T he blue skies are no longer clear because they have become dim and obscure by
pollution’s haze.
3. T he poet says that trees towered high, the trunks seemed to spread out as if professing
their love to the birds that would sit in the high tree, hidden from sight.
4. T he water, sky, wildlife, and trees have been given to us for free. We need to protect them
because once lost, we can’t get them back. We can protect them by preventing pollution
and deforestation. We should avoid polluting the water bodies, the air, and also avoid
cutting trees.
aper has joined pollution’s team because papers are made by cutting trees. Also, papers
C. 1. P
are produced in factories that emit smoke and cause air pollution. Certain chemicals are
also used to treat tree pulp while making paper. These chemicals are later drained in the
water bodies, which causes water pollution.
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y planting a better seed the poet means that let us strive to make a pollution-free
2. B
environment. Till now, humans have sown the ‘seed’ of deforestation and pollution – air
pollution, water pollution. But now humans should take measures to benefit and not
harm the environment, by reducing pollution and planting more trees. The new seed of
protecting the environment will give a healthy harvest of a clean and green environment.
3. Y
es, the title of the poem, ‘Warned’ is an appropriate one. The poet is warning us about the
adverse effects of human activities on the environment. Humans may blame pollution for
the damage to the environment, but it is humans themselves who cause the pollution, in
addition to cutting trees and depriving birds and animals of their natural home.
Vocabulary
A. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. f
For sentences, accept all correct answers.
B. Accept all correct answers. Here are some samples sentences.
1. a. The bus is not moving; it’s stationary.
b. Stationery, like pens and pencils are easily available everywhere.
2. a. Pranjal follows very strong work principles.
b. Ms. Talwar is the principal of my school.
3. a. I will advise you not to buy laptop from that outlet.
b. Charu always gives good advice to her friends.
4. a. I saw a bear family at the wildlife sanctuary last year.
b. The book looks bare as its cover was missing.
5. a. I got an aisle seat in the flight.
b. This is an encyclopaedia on the deserts, oceans, and isles.
6. a. The packaging was loose and items fell out of it.
b. If you don’t apply now, you will lose the chance of admission to a good university.
7. a. Would you accept the offer – it seems to be good.
b. All my family, except my brother, attended my cousin’s wedding.
8. a. The guard allowed everyone inside, only after checking their passes.
b. Mary shouted aloud, ‘I’ve won the competion.’
9. a. I do not like the coarse material of this jacket.
b. Abhijeet is pursuing a course in microbiology.
10. a. Mr. Dickens is the mayor of the city.
b. The story was about a white magical mare that lived in a barn.
C. 1. illicit 2. compliment 3. shells 4. principal
5. illusion 6. adverse 7. appraised 8. simple
9. affect 10. effected
D. Accept all correct answers. Here are some samples sentences.
1. a. She got engaged this summer.
b. I was engaged in an important project and didn’t attend any calls.
2. a. The crane is a bird with long legs and a long neck.
b. If you crane your neck, may be you can see over the fence.
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3. a. The sandwich was wrapped in a foil.
b. Why did you foil our plans for the picnic?
4. a. The fishermen could not catch anything in the net.
b. The money left after certain deductions is the net amount.
5. a. Please let me know the date of your arrival.
b. She only likes two fruits – mango and date.
6. a. My right foot has been paining since last evening.
b. Take a right turn and you will find the shop.
7. a. My best friend gave me this friendship band.
b. The band played lively music at the concert.
8. a. My hand is beginning to tire after lifting the heavy boxes.
b. The spelling of tyre in American English is ‘tire’.
9. a. Why did you lie about booking the tickets?
b. Let me lie down for five minutes before I start cooking.
10. a. What a beautiful rose garden you have!
b. The temperature rose to 43 degrees during last summer.
Grammar
A. 1. The teacher praised Raju.
2. I know the famous scientist.
3. We were taught mathematics by your grandmother.
4. A picture showing life in the city was drawn by Mamta.
5. The facts were known by all of us.
6. Virat Kohli scored a century yesterday.
7. Who wrote our national anthem?
8. An old woman helped the wounded soldier.
9. The bitter medicine was drunk by Nazia in one gulp.
10. All the children in the playground were given toffees by the old man.
11. A special tea for everyone was made by Ranjana.
12. His appeal was rejected by the court.
13. The employees had called off the strike.
14. Stones should not be thrown at others by those living in glass houses.
15. An application to the principal will be written by the students.
B. 1. D 2. D 3. ND 4. ND 5. D 6. ND 7. D 8. D
Listening
A. 1. hot 2. sandstorms 3. rain 4. Nile River 5. vegetation
D. 1. s 2. s 3. k 4. k 5. k
6. s 7. s 8. k 9. s, k 10. s
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Writing
Chapter 15. Mother Nature’s Treasures

Vocabulary
A. 1. e. 2. f. 3. b. 4. d. 5. a. 6. c.
C. 1. He was already angry and your sarcastic remark added fuel to the fire.
2. When nobody in his family could deal with the difficult problem, he grasped the nettle.
3. Traditional pop music is still alive and kicking in many parts of the world.
4. A s a rule of thumb, we should avoid the usage of too many abbreviations in a formal writing.
5. I f we fail to achieve something in our first attempt, we should not lose heart but keep
trying until we succeed.
Writing

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Answer Key to Literature Reader
1. As a Boy
Comprehension
A. 1. a. T
he green gold dragon refers to the railway train because it is painted green and gold.
b. T he poet compares it with a dragon because it is huge, moves very fast, and comes out
of the tunnel with a loud noise and lots of smoke, exactly like a dragon.
c. T he poet uses the word ‘thundering’ for it because it makes a loud roaring noise
because of the engine and the wheels moving on the tracks.
2. a. The poet bids goodbye to the passengers in the train.
He bids them goodbye because they are leaving him and going far, far away.
b. T he poet uses the phrase ‘running away’ because he feels that the passengers are
running away from him and going very far away.
c. T he people could be travelling to new places to relocate and restart their lives, or to
visit friends and relatives. They could be running away from their mundane, boring
lives, and going on exciting holidays or towards some new experiences.
3 a. T he bright boy is a young passenger in the train, most probably travelling with his
parents or guardians and enjoying the journey. He sees the poet from the train window
and waves at him, maybe because the poet was also a young boy like him.
b. T he poet remembers him because he was watching all the passengers of the train
going past and bidding them goodbye when suddenly, this young boy, of his own age
and very like him, waves familiarly to him. That is a new experience and he decides
that he would love to make him a friend and play with him.
c. T he poet has searched for the boy for many years because it is almost as though the
boy in the train is another part of himself, like an alter ego almost. He would like to
complete their brief encounter and bring it to its logical end, where he meets and gets
to know the boy better. Also, the boy has become a mystery to him and he wants to
resolve the fascinating enigma.
B. 1. A
s a boy, the poet would frequently stand on the edge of the railway-cutting, outside the
tunnel, touching the hot rails, waiting for them to tremble, which was an indication of the
arrival of the train at noon. He loved watching the huge train thunder past him with all its
nameless strangers. He would bid them goodbye for they had touched each other’s lives,
however briefly, in those few minutes.
2. T he two things that signaled the arrival of the train were the rails started to tremble and
the whistle of the engine would hang on the silence of the forest.
3. B y the line, ‘the whistle of the engine hung on the forest’s silence’, the poet means that the
whistle of the train engine would echo in the silence of the forest long after it was blown.
And this beautiful line also reminds us that the poet spent his life in the hills, and any
sound such as the train whistle would echo in the hills for a long time.
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4. T
he poet searched for the boy in the cities and the villages that he visited, and in the midst
of the mountains and the crowds at distant places, and by the sea side. But he would always
return to the forest in the hills, waiting by the tunnel for one more chance meet with the boy.
5. T
he poet always returns to the forest and the tunnel in the hills where the train goes by
and watches the windows of the passing train, hoping to see the bright boy who waved at
him. He has been searching for the boy all his life and it has now become an obsession for
him because the boy remains an enigmatic mystery to him.
C. 1. N
o, the poet does not seem terrified of trains. Instead he seems to be fascinated by them.
The poet is lucky that he could wander around freely in the hills, watching the trains go by.
He also seems a bit lonely and doesn’t seem to have any friends to play with. This could be
because he was an English boy living in India. In any case, the train seemed to fill a void in
his life for it brought strangers passing by, and they seemed fascinating to him.
Alternate answer:
Y es, the poet seems to be terrified of trains because he compares the train to a green-gold
dragon, and one is generally frightened of dragons because they are huge, belch out smoke,
and roar with a deafening impact–like the train. It is a very appropriate comparison and
reveals the little boy’s terrified fascination with the train as it thunders past him.
2. T he poem tells us a lot about the poet’s nature without stating anything directly. The poem
suggests that the poet was a lonely little boy and had no real friends to play with. He used
to wander around the hills alone. It can be inferred that he was sensitive, imaginative, and
very visual by nature. He also has a wonderful memory for he remembered this childhood
experiences later, as a young man, and wrote a poem about it.
3. T he poet says that he loves the bright boy because he seems to be so much like him since
they were of the same age. And yet they seem to be different because the boy on the train
seems to be bright, meaning happy and carefree, as indicated by him waving at the poet.
And despite their differences and despite their similarities, they establish a ‘connect’ in
that moment and that’s why he loves the boy and wants to pursue the encounter.
Vocabulary
A. 1. calling 4. passing 5. plunging 6. returning
7. rolled 9. thundering 10. touching 12. waving
B. 1. calling 2. looked 3. stood 4. plunging 5. returning 6. rolled
C. 1. He is very brave and fearless.
2. She always wakes up very early in the day.
3. The students in the classroom were behaving in a wild and uncontrollable manner.
4. The new project was extremely easy and manageable.
5. Rohit is well known for staying up late at nights.
Writing
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2. Rajam and Mani
Comprehension
A. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F
B. 1. R
iver Sarayu was the pride of Malgudi because it was beautiful and peaceful, and the
people of the town strolled on its sand banks every evening resort.
2. T he other students couldn’t speak to Rajam in English they did not know much of the
language as they spoke mostly in their mother tongue. Since Rajam spoke English ‘exactly
like a European’, they were embarrassed to speak in front of him.
3. R ajam and Mani became rivals because Rajam did whatever Mani did. If Mani seemed to
be the overlord of the class, Rajam too seemed to be no less. In addition to this, Rajam was
very good at his studies, regularly getting seventy percent, unlike Mani. So, it was clear
that Rajam was a great danger to Mani.
4. D uring the drawing period on Monday, Rajam wanted to borrow a sharpener from
Swaminathan who promptly directed him to go to a shop and buy it. This tells us that
Swaminathan was afraid of Mani’s displeasure and wanted to placate him.
5. M ani considers Swaminathan to be a coward. This is because Swaminathan could not rob
the lime pickle that Mani had asked him to get for him as his mother was in the kitchen,
where the pickle was stored.
6. T he insults exchanged by Rajam and Mani were ridiculous. Mani asked Rajam to prove
that he was a man, but both Rajam and Mani were young boys and not grown men. This
was not a sufficient cause for a quarrel.
7. M ani brought a club with him, and Rajam surprised both Mani and Swaminathan by
arriving with an air gun and fired a shot in the air. He asked Mani the reason for his anger,
and Mani told him that it was because Rajam had called him a sneak. Rajam denied this
with sincerity, and cleared up their misunderstanding and became friends.
8. T he actual cause of the fight between Rajam and Mani was that a boy had told Mani that
Rajam had called him a sneak. Mani had believed the boy without first checking the truth
of the matter with Rajam himself. This tells us that we should not believe what others tell
us without verifying the facts ourselves.
C. 1. I n my opinion, Swaminathan likes both Rajam and Mani equally. He admires both for being
strong and capable and he never wants trouble between the two. So, he is overjoyed when
both resolve their problems and become friends.
2. I f I were Swaminathan and had an opportunity to settle the dispute between Mani and
Rajam, I would ask both of them to discuss their problem. I would also try to calm them
down. Another option would be to take the help of the teacher and ask him/her to counsel
the two boys.
3. Y es, I found the story funny. Two incidents in the story which made me laugh were the
ones where Rajam and Mani insult each other, and the one where Rajam brings his air gun
and fires in the air.
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4. R
ajam’s ability to speak good English has a huge impact on the others in the class because
none of them can speak the language as fluently as him. All the boys are very impressed
with Rajam’s ability to speak good English ‘exactly like a European. I think knowing
English puts a person at an advantageous position because it is the most widely-spoken
and widely-known language across the world. It is also one of the official languages of
our country.
Vocabulary
A. 1. glowing 2. rustled 3. creaking 4. humming 5. gliding 6. soon
B. Accept any one of the following synonyms listed below.
1. helpfulness, benevolence, friendliness 2. disregard, carelessness, aloofness
3. competitor, rival, adversary 4. honourable, worthy, admirable
5. gossip, hearsay, talk, buzz 6. remote, isolated, solitary, cut-off
Accept all grammatically correct sentences.
Writing
3. The Last Leaf

Comprehension
A. 1. c 2. b 3. b 4. b
B. 1. T
he notion that had entered Johnsy’s mind was that as soon as the last leaf, growing on
old, gnarled vine on the brick wall opposite her window, fell down she would also die.
2. J ohnsy’s attitude changed dramatically because she had thought that the last leaf on the
vine would fall the next day and she too would die with it. But strangely enough, it did not
fall, despite the strong winter wind. So, she felt that she too was meant to live, and realised
the folly of her notions.
3. S ue told Johnsy that Behrman had died of pneumonia. The janitor had found him in his
room, soaking wet and ice cold because he had been out in the storm in the night. They
had also found a lantern, a ladder, some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and
yellow colours mixed on it near the brick wall. He had painted a leaf on the wall after the
last leaf fell, to save Johnsy’s life.
4. S ue told Behrman about Johnsy’s fanciful notion of dying when the last leaf fell. Behrman
was incensed with the stupidity of Johnsy’s ideas, and had tears in his eyes because he
cared for Johnsy.
C. 1. I n my opinion, Sue proved to be a very good friend to Johnsy. She looked after her
throughout her illness and tried to persuade her to stop thinking of foolish ideas. She
even lied to her about what the doctor had told her and gave Johnsy a very positive
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picture by saying that she would get well soon. She worked and supported her, made
soup for her, fed her and looked after her well. She even told Behrman about Johnsy’s
foolish notions and that actually saved her life because then Behrman painted the leaf on
the wall and Johnsy was forced to change her silly notions. So, Sue proved to be a very
good friend ‘in need’.
2. B
ehrman turned out to be a wonderful human being. He sacrificed his life to save Johnsy’s
life. When he went out into the storm to paint the last leaf, he must have known that he
would get drenched and fall sick, but he still chose to go out and paint. He stood by the
person he considered a friend, and proved that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
3. B
ehrman saved Johnsy’s life by going out in the storm and painting the leaf on the wall. He
saw that the storm was very forceful and the leaf would definitely fall. He knew that surely
Johnsy would give up the battle and die the next day if she saw that the leaf had fallen.
So, he went out in that storm, knowing that he could fall sick or die, and painted his last
painting and his only masterpiece on the wall. His love and compassion are exemplary and
he becomes an immortal character in literature.
4. Y
es, I think that the ‘last leaf’ was Behrman’s masterpiece because it was priceless. He
had sacrificed his life to save Johnsy’s life. The leaf on the wall was so lifelike that Johnsy
thought it was the real leaf which she had seen the previous day. It was not a regular
masterpiece painted on a canvas, but it was the most unique painting in the world because
it was not seen as a painting but as a real object.
Vocabulary
A. 1. His hands were as cold as ice. hands and ice
2. I was so tired that I slept like a log. the person and the log of wood
3. My grandmother is as wise as an owl. grandmother and owl
4. He fought like a tiger to save his child. the father and a tiger
5. The burglars crept into the house as quietly as a mouse. the burglars and a mouse
6. He is a swimmer, and keeps himself as fit as a fiddle. the swimmer and a violin
7. My mother is as cool as a cucumber during a crisis. t he mother and a cucumber
8. T
his car is as slow as a tortoise, I will never reach the
station on time. the car and a tortoise
B. 1. fail 2. covered 3. decorated 4. Bright, exciting 5. smooth, straight
C. 1. favourable 2. disdain, disrespect
3. resulted 4. draw, explain
5. showpiece 6. to mix, mingle
7. strange, different 8. faking to deceive
9. attractive because of being unusual or old fashioned 10. dusk
Writing
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4. Mike Teevee
Comprehension
A. 1. a. T
he most important thing that the poet has learnt is that we should never let children
near our television set.
b. W e should never let children near the television set because they gape and lounge
about till they are hypnotized by it.
c. T he better option than letting children watch television is to let them read books or
play games to keep themselves entertained and amused.
2. a. ‘It’ refers to the television set which keeps the children occupied.
b. T he children do not climb out of the window sill and cause trouble because the parents
make them sit still and watch television while they do some work.
c. T hey never fight or kick or punch while the parent cooks lunch, because they are
mindlessly watching television.
3. a. W atching too much television rots the senses because it kills imagination, as it stops
the children from using their minds, and they watch television brainlessly.
b. T he imagination of the child is destroyed because of too much of mindless television
watching. Reading on the other hand develops the child’s imagination because it allows
the child to imagine the visuals of what he/she is reading.
c. ‘ Clogs and clutters up the mind’ means that television fills up the child’s mind with
nonsense and blocks the imaginative abilities, as well as the original, innovative, and
creative processes.
4. a. The poet begs parents to throw away their television sets because their children are
getting addicted to it and are becoming brainless couch potatoes.
b. T he poet wants parents to install a lovely bookshelf on the wall, fill it with books and
make their children read.
c. T he poet calls the book shelf ‘lovely’ because it offers a plethora/variety of books
which would give many hours of reading pleasure, which in turn will develop the
imaginative and creative abilities of the children.
B. 1. T
he poet dislikes the television because it destroys the imaginative and creative abilities
of the children and makes them couch potatoes.
2. T elevision has many advantages for parents because it keeps the children quiet and allows
them to do their own work like cooking lunch undisturbed. They also do not kick and fight
and punch each other causing thereby problems for the parents.
3. N o, some parents do not stop to think of the harmful effects of television on young
children’s minds. All they want is to keep their children occupied so that they can do their
own work peacefully.
4. T he poet refers to a child watching television as ‘dull and blind’ because the child is not
using his/her mind at all and his/her eyesight is getting affected as well.
5. S ome of the children’s books the poet mentions in the poem are the stories by Beatrix
Potter and The Wind in the Willows.
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C. 1. T
he advantages of watching television are that children keep quiet and do not trouble
their parents who can do their own work peacefully. The disadvantages of children
watching television is that they watch mindlessly and become dull and their eye sight too
is impacted negatively.
2. N o, addiction of any kind is not good because it makes the person a slave to that addiction
and it impacts your life negatively.
Alternate answer:
C ertain addictions can be good for us. For example, if one is addicted to reading books or
creating something can be beneficial for both us and others.
3. Y es, I think the cell phone and social media have replaced the television and this is because
with these technologies we can watch not just television but hundreds and thousands of
programs on our phone, while simultaneously being engaged in chatting with friends and
followers on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram and other sites. You can also shop online
and even get an education online!
Comprehension
B. 1. The wind howled all night in rage.
2. The flowers danced happily in the cool breeze.
3. I never realized how time can run away from you.
4. The door grunted, protesting strongly as I pushed it.
5. The car crept slowly through the traffic.
6. The sun peeped naughtily out of the clouds.
Writing
5. Clues on Canvas
Comprehension
A. 1. talent 2. Nizam’s army, musicians 3. scared, dungeons
4. seven generations 5. original
B. 1. Y
usuf Ali’s terrible secret was that he was slowly becoming blind. If it was found out that
he was unable to see properly, he would lose getting work as an artist. He could also be
thrown into the dungeons of Golconda, if it was found out that most his work was being
done by his daughter disguised as a boy.
2. H amida suggested that she should dress up as a boy, wear her brother’s clothes, wrap her
plaits around her head, and tie a cloth around to hide them. While pretending to be a boy,
she could quietly do the major part of her father’s paintings for him.
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3. H
amida prevented the portrait of the princess from getting cluttered by telling Begum
Sahiba, the Princess’s mother, that they including the Princess’s pet deer and peacock in
the picture would it clutter up needlessly.
4. H
amida helped Yusuf Ali in painting the portrait of the princess by painting all the details
of the jewellery and clothes. In a royal portrait, the jewellery and clothes are usually very
complicated and form the major part of the portrait. All Yusuf Ali had to do was to draw
the broad outlines and everything else was done by Hamida.
5. Y
usuf Ali was initially stunned to see that Hamida’s work was both original and good.
As her father, he was proud of her genuine talent and creative work. He also felt it was a
pity that she was a girl because the society they lived in would not allow her to follow her
dreams and she would eventually get married and not use her talent.
lifiya hatched a scheme to cheat the Princess and the Begum Sahiba by stealing the
6. A
priceless diamond necklace and substituting it with a fake one. For this purpose, she stole
one of Hamida’s sketches of the diamond necklace, little realising that it was not the exact
copy but one of Hamida’s creative alternate designs. By taking the wrong sketch her theft
was discovered and caught by Hamida.
amida told the Begum Sahiba that someone had taken the original diamond necklace and
7. H
substituted it with a fake, and it was only Alifiya who could have done it because she had
access to the both the necklace and the sketches.
amida told her father that she was sorry for letting out their secret to the Begum Sahiba,
8. H
but she had only meant to do the right thing because it was what he had taught her all her
life. This was the reason why she had endangered both their lives and his job as the court
painter.
Vocabulary
1. modus operandi 2. covertly 3. outrageous 4. menacingly
5. trousseau 6. summoned 7. minute 8. conviction
Writing
6. Thirst: A Story From Spain

Comprehension
A. 1. recollection 2. mutiny, incarceration 3. half alive
4. queen 5. pesos 6. flotillas
B. 1. H
ernando’s crew had mutinied against him and hung him up from the mast of his own ship.
2. T he crew on La Reina del Mundo mutinied because of greed. They felt that they were
risking their lives by taking all the treasures back to the King of Spain who would continue
to live in luxury, while they would get paid only three hundred pesos, if they survived
their journey.
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3. T he crew tortured Hernando by hanging him from the foremast and starving him of all
food and water. When he lost consciousness a bucket of water would be slapped against
his body to revive him. They teased and taunted him, wetting dirty rags and touching them
to his lips and pretended to bring a flask to his lips and then pulled it out of reach.
4. T he King of Spain wanted Hernando to go to the New World with goods for Spaniards
settled in colonies in the Caribbean and the Americas, and return with riches of silver,
gold, emeralds, and pearls from there.
5. H ernando agreed to go on the voyage to the New World because he was a loyal subject
who was ready to lay down his life for his King.
6. S pain became the most powerful country in the medieval world because silver and gold
bullion worth millions were sent from the Caribbean and the Americas, which was then
minted into pesos. This made Spain the wealthiest and consequently the most powerful
country in the medieval world.
7. La Reina del Mundo was caught in a sudden storm the night that Hernando died. The
horrendous storm winds picked up the ship and smashed her against a gigantic rock.
La Reina broke into two in the storm and sank to the bottom of the ocean with all her
treasure and crew.
8. H ernando took revenge on the crew by cursing his crew with eternal thirst. Soon after his
death, a sudden storm smashed the ship against a gigantic rock, and it sank to the bottom
with her entire crew. On stormy nights, La Reina rides the waves with her crew crying
‘Give us water! Give us water!’.
C. 1. I n my opinion Hernando was a very honest and loyal man who loved his country and his
King and Queen for whom he was ready to lay down his life. He was not greedy for money
and found pleasure in the simple things of life. In his opinion, every sighting of a dolphin
was a shining jewel, every humpbacked whale more precious than rubies, and a glimpse
of Olive Ridley turtles swimming serenely beneath the waves was like being blessed with
a holy vision. He was a true sailor for he loved the sea and his ship La Reina del Mundo, the
Queen of the World, deeply. We also know that he was a simple family man who loved his
children, because he remembered them when he looked at the young workers carrying
bags of treasure into the ship.
2. N o, the crew members did not do the right thing by mutinying because they ought to have
been loyal to their king and country. But then, the king was an uncaring monarch who lived
in luxury, while they risked their lives to bring treasures to add to his wealth, and they
were paid a paltry sum of only three hundred pesos, if they survived the miserable working
conditions. Rats and cockroaches and vermin feasted on the rice and peas meant for the
sailors, and the bilges below the cargo hold stank of sea water, urine and slops, which was
inhuman and unhealthy. Naturally discontent and rancour spread and the crew mutinied.
3. A s he hung from the foremast, Hernando’s thoughts revolved around the intense thirst
he felt and the water he craved for with all his being. He would slip into a dazed, semi-
conscious state and he would think of the past, successful voyages he had captained with a
better crew. Sometimes, his mind would dwell fondly on childhood memories of his family,
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home, and experiences as a young sailor. His mind would go to his children and his wife
waiting eagerly for his return home. Above all, he was tormented by the disloyalty of the
crew, because at sea, the crew of a ship is supposed to be loyal to their captain, to the point
of death.
4. H
ernando felt that wealth was not as important as the sights and sounds of the sea
because he was not materialistic. He was not greedy and valued the rare sights and
sounds of the sea. In his opinion, every sighting of a dolphin was a shining jewel, every
humpbacked whale more precious than rubies, and a glimpse of Olive Ridley turtles
swimming serenely beneath the waves was like being blessed with a holy vision. He
was content with what he had and La Reina del Mundo, his precious ship, was all that
he desired.
5. Answers may vary. Accept all logically correct answers.
6. Answers may vary. Accept all logically correct answers.
Vocabulary
A. Accept all grammatically correct sentences.
B. Accept any one of the following antonyms listed here.
1. squandered, expend 2. disappeared 3. accepted
4. calm, serene, tranquil 5. dismissed 6. ascended
7. backward 8. departed, left 9. indirectly
C. 1. Hyperbole: Spain became the centre of the Universe.
2. Simile: A
glimpse of olive ridley turtles swimming serenely beneath the waves was
like being blessed with a holy vision.
3. Metaphor: Every dolphin he sighted was a shining jewel.
4. Imagery: T he days were dark and the nights when the sailors had a chance to sleep,
were filled with restless dreams.
7. Words to a Grandchild
Comprehension
A. 1. a. In these lines, ‘hearts’ refers to the hearts of the grandfather and his grandchild.
b. I n these lines, the poet means that even if he dies, his words in the form of the poem
would be read by the grandchild several years later, and through these words their
hearts would meet across the barriers of Time, Distance, and Death.
c. T he poet uses the refrain, ‘– if you let it happen’, to say that after his death, his
grandson can read his words and understand his love and advice ‘–if’ the grandchild is
ready to accept it with an open mind and a willing heart.
2. a. The phrase ‘a person of little’ means that a poor person who doesn’t have much money.
b. T he poet thinks that his grandchild will be a ‘person of little’ because he himself does
not have a lot of wealth to pass on to his grandchild.
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c. A
ccording to the poet, it is better to have ‘little of what is good’, than to have a lot
of worthless wealth. He feels that when a person has very little in life, he can enjoy
and value the real joys and pleasures of life, which rich people cannot understand
or appreciate.
3. a. A
ccording to the poet, the ‘hour of magic’ is the moment when we can value the
lessons that Nature and Life teach us if we are sensitive to these lessons and voices.
The grandfather wants his grandchild to have the right values in life and learn and
understand the eternal rhythms of nature would make the grandson truly wise.
b. W e should all listen to the ‘hour of magic’ because Life and Nature will whisper eternal
truths and secrets to us which only the sensitive can hear, not the worldly or wealthy.
c. T he poet’s grandchild will get to know certain eternal truths and values that life will
teach him, such as establishing a bond with Mother Nature and protecting it instead of
destroying it.
B. 1. T
he poet feels that he may not be around to counsel his grandchild because he is old and it
is likely that he will soon die and pass on to another world.
2. T he poet warns his grandchild against complacency and wants him to establish a close
bond with nature. He also warns him against being overconfident because he can never
be wiser than nature, he can only be as wise as men can ever hope to be according to the
limitations of human nature.
3. T here is no promise that life will live up to our hopes because it has a way of surprising
people and bringing unexpected twists and turns. Especially when we become old there is
even less hope that life will help us realise our dreams because we have come to the end of
our lives and it is time to die.
4. T he poet’s heart and his grandchild’s heart can meet someday if the grandchild reads his
poem and allows his words to reach and touch his heart. If he closes his mind against his
grandfather, then the two can never meet ever.
5. T he poet’s grandchild can grow wise if he listens to the secrets of the magic hour and
allows himself to learn from nature.
6. T he grandchild can never be wiser than nature because he is only a man and no human
can ever be wiser than nature. And yet, if he is sensitive and cares to listen, nature will
whisper some of its secrets to him, such as the the way days change into nights, change of
seasons and other such secrets.
7. T he grandfather’s ides of true wealth and wisdom are very different from most people.
That is because he is a Native American – a race of people – who are very closely bonded
with Nature and are very protective towards it. Being linked to nature, he knows that
the wisdom of understanding the way days change into nights is far more precious and
valuable than all the wealth of the world. So, he wants his grandson to have little and know
a lot. He is an advocate of simple living and high thinking.
C. 1. Accept all logical answers. Here is a sample answer .
I n today’s world people feel it is bad to possess only a little because the world has become
extremely commercial and materialistic. People value things and a wealthy lifestyle. In
today’s world, the concept of simple living and high thinking is slowly fading away.
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2. I am sure that one day the grandchild would want to ask his grandparents advice about
some of the problems he faces in the world. He would naturally be confused about the value
given to wealth in his world. This is where he would benefit from his grandfather’s advice.
Vocabulary
A. 1. secret 2. nature 3. promise 4. hopes
5. heart 6. especially 7. possess 8. complacency
Writing
8. The Vet’s Miracle

Comprehension
A. 3 It was dark when he drove away from the far.
9 The ball shot forth, bounced on the frosty toad and rolled sadly on to the grass verge.
7 N ext the young man and the vet dragged the dog out and placed him in on the road in
front of the headlights.
11 T he collie staggered to his feet to the delighted screams of delight to the young man and
his family in the car.
1 D octor James Herriot was performing a small surgery on a young sheep at a farm when
he accidentally cut his left forefinger.
2 H e dressed his wounded finger a large pad of cotton wool held in place with an
enormous length of three-inch bandage.
4 W hen the vet was within half a mile of Darrowby, a car approached, went past, then
stopped and began to double back till it drew up into the side.
5 T he vet pulled up and a young man jumped from the driving seat and ran towards him.
He was breathless and panic-stricken and asked him if he was the vet.
10 N ext, the vet pressed the dog’s chest with his palms every three seconds, and every now
and then he blew desperately down the dog’s throat or probed between the ribs.
8 I t took the vet about three seconds to realise that no human agency would ever get the
ball out that way and without thinking he braced both thumbs behind the angle of the
lower jaw and pushed.
6 H e said his dog, a collie had accidentally swallowed a ball and it was stuck in his throat.
They had been to his clinic but when they found out he was away at the farm, they
planned to drive up to him.
B. 1. T
he vet was performing a surgical procedure on a young sheep on a farm when he
accidently cut his own finger.
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2. T
he bandage was an enormous bandage with a three-inch pad of cotton which was
unusually large for a cut on the finger.
3. T
he panic-stricken man told the vet that he had been searching for him. He had gone to his
clinic in Darrowby and there he was told that the vet was out on a case along their route to
Manchester. He was relieved to have managed to find him.
4. T
he collie had a ball stuck in its throat and the man thought it was dead. It did, to all
appearances, appear dead.
C. 1. T
he vet pulled the dog out of the car onto the road, in front of the head lights because he
could not see anything. The dog’s body was limp and unresisting which was bad sign. The
vet pushed his hand into the dog’s mouth and found a rubber ball jammed in the pharynx,
blocking the trachea. This had stopped the dog’s breathing. The vet put his thumbs behind
the angle of the lower jaw and pushed hard. The ball shot forth and fell on the road. The vet
absent-mindedly passed his hand over the dog and suddenly felt a faint heartbeat. He began
to give the emergency heart treatment to the dog and then after some time the dog began to
breath and sat up weakly. This is how the vet saved the life of the dog when it had almost died.
It was nothing short of a miracle, because he had brought the animal back from the dead.
2. T he man kept repeating the line, ‘You just flicked the ball out…’, because the man himself
had been trying to get the ball out by trying to pull it out with his fingers and it had not
moved an inch. He had kept trying unsuccessfully and in front his eyes the dog seemed
to die. On the other hand, the vet finding that he could not get the ball out by pulling at it,
decided on an alternate option and tried to push it out instead. The man was astonished
that where he had failed, the vet with his quick thinking had managed to get the ball out.
3. A vet’s life is filled with discomfort and frustration and failure. But when a vet knows that
even without doing anything very clever, he has pulled an animal back from the brink of
death into the living, breathing world, then he get a satisfaction which lingers, flowing like
balm over the problems of his life.
4. T he mother of the children in the car wrote a letter of gratitude to the vet, thanking him
for saving their dog’s life. She addressed him as ‘Dear vet with the bandaged finger,’
because she did not know his name and his bandage was so ridiculously big.
5. T he woman did not know the name of the vet but she still managed to send a letter to him
because she addressed it to the vet in Darrowby, where they had stopped on their way to
Manchester.
Vocabulary
A. 1. A digit is a written symbol for any of the ten numbers from 0 to 9.
A digit is also a finger, thumb, or toe.
2. Boots are shoes that cover your whole foot and the lower part of your leg.
If you boot something such as a ball, you kick it hard.
3. A pad is a thick, flat piece of a material such as cloth or rubber.
A
pad of paper is a number of pieces of paper which are fixed together along the top or the
side, so that each piece can be torn off when it has been used.
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4. A form of something is a type or kind of it.
A form is a paper with questions on it and spaces marked where you should write
the answers.
5. A tube is a long hollow object that is usually round, like a pipe.
A tube of something such as paste is a long, thin container which you squeeze to force the
paste out.
6. If something bobs, it moves up and down, like something does when it is floating on water.
A bob is a short hair style for women.
7. I f you are allowed credit, you can pay for goods or services several weeks or months after
you have received them.
I f you say that someone is a credit to someone or something, you mean that their
qualities or achievements will make people have a good opinion of the person or
thing mentioned.
8. Balm is a sweet-smelling oil that is obtained from some tropical trees and used to
make creams that heal wounds or reduce pain.
If you refer to something as balm, you mean that it makes you feel better.
B. 1. f 2. b 3. h 4. i 5. e
6. c 7. j 8. a 9. d 10. g
Writing
9. Packing for Travel

Comprehension
A. 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. B
B. 1. T
he narrator had to repack the bag many times because he had forgotten to put his boots
in. Then he had a doubt as to whether he had packed his toothbrush. And lastly he had
packed his wallet in it, so he kept opening and repacking it many times.
2. W hen George and Harris started to pack the hampers, they broke a cup. Harris packed the
strawberry jam on top of a tomato and squashed it, and they had to pick out the tomato
with a tea spoon. Then George trod on the butter. So, it was chaotic.
3. T he narrator tried to make them nervous and irritated by sitting on the edge of the table
and watching them. He was taking revenge because they had left the packing of the bag
entirely to him and sat around doing nothing while he struggled with the packing. Each
time he finished packing the bag they would ask him if he had packed some item or not
and had made him reopen and repack several times.
4. T he incident of the lost butter was extremely humorous. The butter got stuck on George’s
slipper and they got it off. Then they tried to put it in the kettle. It would not go in, and
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what was in would not come out. They finally scraped it out and put it down on a chair,
and Harris sat on it and it stuck to him, and they went looking for it all over the room,
many times. Finally, George saw the butter and chased Harris all over the room till he got
it off and packed it in the tea pot.
5. M
ontmorency added to the chaos by sitting down on things just when they had to be
packed. He put his leg in to the jam, and he worried the teaspoons and he pretended that
the lemons were rats and got into the hamper and killed three of them before Harris
stopped him. If Montmorency could be a perfect nuisance, then he felt his day had not
been wasted.
C. 1. T
he narrator and his friends are awkward and clumsy, and generally mess everything.
They are extremely illogical and silly because they put the butter in the kettle and packed
it. They didn’t think about the time when they would want to have a cup of tea and need
the kettle and find it is full of butter. The narrator is a particularly forgetful character
who keeps forgetting the things he has packed and has doubts whether he has packed
everything or not. They are good-natured and friendly and like having fun.
2. Y es, the passage is humorous. It is extremely funny and very enjoyable. One example of
comic humor is the way Harris sits on the butter and searches for it everywhere while it
is sticking to the seat of his pants. One more example of humor is the way they packed the
strawberry jam on top of a tomato and squashed it, and they had to pick out the tomato
with the teaspoon. The whole passage is full of such funny incidents.
Vocabulary
A. 1. give in 2. Look out 3. break into 4. bank on
5. carry on 6. get on 7. put off 8. step in
B. 1. ambition 2. oath 3. mysterious 4. extraordinary 5. nuisance
Writing
10. The Butterfly and the Caterpillar

Comprehension
A. 1. a. T
he butterfly is horrified and ashamed that someone as beautiful and attractive as it,
should have to live in the same world as that of the caterpillar who is both hideous and
disgusting, according to him.
b. T he butterfly had this reaction because it thought that it was beautiful and the
caterpillar was so ugly that it had no right to exist, at least not in the same world as the
butterfly’s.
c. T he butterfly has the human quality of pride and it is because he feels he is the most
beautiful creature in the world and there is no one else like him.
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2. a. A
ccording to the caterpillar, eight days ago the butterfly’s condition was the same as
the caterpillar’s. Eight days ago, the butterfly too was ugly and hideous, and crawling
around like the caterpillar.
b. A fortnight later, the caterpillar will be a gorgeous butterfly because it will go through
the transformative stage of being a pupa and then break out of the cocoon as a
beautiful butterfly.
c. T he caterpillar eats leaves day and night for it needs to build up strength for the pupa
and cocoon stages when it will not eat anything. As a butterfly, it will eat the pollen
from the flowers.
3. a. T
he butterfly’s ‘gay livery’ refers to its colourful and beautiful wings which are like the
clothes it wears.
b. T he moths are termed gaudy because some of them are extremely colorful, and very
bright and vivid colours are displayed on their wings.
c. T he butterflies, moths, and millers are only dressed-up caterpillars because they were
all started life as caterpillars and are just grandly dressed now but in their hearts they
are still creepy, crawly, hideous, and disgusting caterpillars.
B. 1. T
he was sitting on a spray of blossoming hawthorn, and below him, a caterpillar was
crawling along on the garden wall.
2. O ne summer morning, the butterfly was sitting on a spray of blossoming hawthorn and
sipping and drinking nectar from the thorn blossoms.
3. N o, the butterfly’s reaction to the caterpillar is not normal, because it had also started its
life as an ugly caterpillar. Also, there are all types of people in the world–some are very
beautiful, some are ordinary, while others are downright ugly. But one should learn to see
the inner beauty of their souls and not react to their external appearances.
4. T he caterpillar predicts that within a fortnight he would have two wings which would
carry him to brighter blooms and lovelier lures, with colors that out rival the proud
butterfly’s.
5. T he butterfly and the caterpillar have one thing in common, they are both caterpillars,
one with wings and one without wings. It is just a stage of evolution that the butterfly has
already gone through and the caterpillar will go through eventually.
6. T he caterpillar teaches the butterfly a very important lesson. It tells the butterfly that it
should not be proud and contemptuous because the caterpillar will also one day be like
the butterfly. So, the butterfly need not be so proud and arrogant.
7. Answers may vary. Accept all logical answers.
C. 1. T
he hawthorn bush most probably thinks that the butterfly and the caterpillar are both
stupid. Both of them don’t realise that they are the same species and have the same past
and same future.
2. T he caterpillar could have been completely humiliated by the butterfly but he decides not
to remain silent and fight back instead. This tells us that the caterpillar is a very brave
creature and has the courage to fight against persecution. When one is bullied or ragged
one must always fight back bravely.
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3. I f I were the butterfly I would change a lot after the interaction with the caterpillar. I
would become less vain of my looks and more tolerant of others and respect others
regardless of their looks.
4. Y es, I believe that humans have the potential to transform themselves like the caterpillar.
Human beings can change and grow positively and create a new personality and a new life
for themselves. After all, we live in an age of makeovers!
Vocabulary
A. aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff-gg-hh-ii-gg-jj-kk-ii-gg-ll
B. brighter blooms lovelier lures flutter flit by and by blithe and brilliant butterfly
C. 1. friendly 2. respectful 3. comfortable 4. painless
5. follower 6. careful 7. cooperation 8. kindness
Writing
11. Huck Finn Goes Fishing for News

Comprehension
A. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. A
B. 1. J im asked Huck to dress up as a girl so that nobody would recognise him even in the day time.
2. T he first story that Huck told the woman in the shanty was that his name was Sarah
Williams, and he lived in Hookerville. He had walked all the way because his mother was
sick and out of money, and he came to ask his uncle Abner Moore for help.
3. H uck made up a second story and told the woman his name was Mary Williams and after
she discovered that he was a boy he told her another story, that his father and mother were
dead and the law had bound him to a mean, old farmer and he treated him badly so he
robbed the farmer’s daughter’s old dress and ran away. He said his name was George Peters.
4. H uck gave himself several false names such as Sarah Williams, Mary Williams, and George
Peters.
5. T he woman told Huck that most people thought that Huck had been murdered by a
runaway slave named Jim because he ran off the very night that Huck was killed. There
was a reward of three hundred dollars for his capture. She thought that the runaway slave
Jim must be hiding on Jackson’s Island and her husband and another man were going over
to the island to find him.
6. H uck got into his canoe and went off in a hurry to Jackson’s Island where his old camp
used to be and started a good fire there. Then he went to the cavern where Jim lay asleep
and woke him up and they loaded all their things on to the raft and slipped away without
saying a word.
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C. 1. T
he woman found out that Huck was a boy dressed up as a girl because when he tried to
thread a needle, he held the thread and brought the needle to it. When he threw at a rat,
he threw like a boy from the wrist and elbow. When he tried to catch the lead, he clapped
his legs together like a boy. All these mistakes proved to the woman that Huck was a boy
dressed up as a girl. She advised Huck to hold the needle still and poke the thread at it, to
throw from the shoulder, and to throw the knees apart and catch anything in her dress –
as girls would do. These were the differences between boys and girls and the way they
did things.
2. T he woman confirmed that Huck had lived in the country by asking him a series of
questions. She asked him when a cow is lying down, which end of her gets up first. And
when a horse is lying down which end of her gets up first. She also asked him which side
of a tree the moss grows on and if fifteen cows were browsing on a hill side, how many
of them eat with their heads pointed in the same direction. This tells us that the woman
herself had lived in the country and that she was a very intelligent, alert, and sharp.
Vocabulary
1. till the cows come home 2. once in a blue moon
3. let the cat out of the bag 4. stab in the back
5. it never rains but it pours
Writing
12. The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle

Comprehension
A. 1. Holmes 2. Watson 3. Watson
4. Peterson 5. Peterson 6. Holmes
7. Baker 8. Windigate, the landlord of the Alpha Inn
9. Breckenridge 10. John Ryder
B. 1. P
eterson the Commissionaire was returning home on Christmas morning around 4:00 a.m.
and a man, carrying a goose, had an altercation with a gang of roughs and when Peterson
rushed forward, he dropped his left the goose and his hat and took to his heels. Peterson
brought both to Holmes.
2. A fter a close examination, Holmes deduced that the man was highly intellectual, well-to-do
three years ago but was poor now. He had had foresight earlier but not now, and sadly, his
wife had ceased to love him.
3. P eterson picked up the goose and the hat which the unknown man had dropped when he
took to his heels and brought both to Holmes who gave him the goose since it might get
spoilt and kept the hat. Peterson’s wife cut the goose open and found the Blue Carbuncle in
its crop.
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4. T
he Blue Carbuncle belonged to the Countess of Morcar and it was unique and priceless.
She was staying in the Hotel Cosmopolitan, when there was a minor maintenance problem
in her room. The plumber John Horner was called, he finished his work and left. The
bureau was found forced open and the jewel was missing. Horner was arrested, but the
police could not recover the jewel.
5. T
here was a card on the goose’s leg which said, ‘For Mrs Henry Baker’. So, Sherlock
Holmes put an advertisement in all the newspapers saying, ‘Found at the corner of
Tottenham Court Road, a goose and a black felt hat. Mr Henry Baker can collect the same
from 221 B Baker Street this evening at 6:30 p.m.’ And promptly at 6:30 p.m. Mr Henry
Baker arrived to meet Holmes.
6. M
r Henry Baker was not interested in the remnants of the goose he lost because he was
innocent and he did not know that there was a precious jewel hidden in the crop of the
goose. The fact that Holmes offered to give him the remnants of the goose and he refused
to take them proves his innocence.
7. T
he Blue Carbuncle was stolen by John Ryder from the bureau of the room in the Hotel
Cosmopolitan. It was a great burden to him because he thought the police would at any
time search him and find it. When he saw some geese in his sister’s yard, he remembered
that she had promised to give him one of her geese for Christmas. So, he caught a
white goose with a black barred tail and stuffed the Blue Carbuncle down it’s throat. It
swallowed it and he released it and told his sister that he would take his goose later. When
he later took the goose and cut it open he was shocked to find the jewel missing. He rushed
back to his sister who told him that there were two white geese with black barred tails and
he had obviously got the wrong one.
8. T
he white goose with the black barred tail belonged to Mrs Oakshot of Brixton Road who
sold them to a salesman called Breckenridge in Covent Garden, who in turn sold them to
the landlord of the Alpha Inn who had instituted a scheme for his regular clients, that they
should save a few pence each week with him and at Christmas time they would each get a
fine goose. One of his regular customers was Mr Henry Baker who was going home with the
goose given to him by the landlord when he dropped it on Tottenham Court Road because
of the gang of roughs. Peterson had picked it up and brought it to Sherlock Holmes.
9. H
olmes proved his deductions by showing Watson that Mr Baker was earlier wealthy
because he was wearing expensive clothes which were now shabby, and he had had
a haircut recently which proved that the grizzled bits of hair in the hat were the right
indication. Mr Baker also made the statement that his wife was rarely pleased these days
which again proved that Holmes deduction that his wife had ceased to love him was right.
Thus, all the deductions made by Sherlock Holmes were proved right.
C. 1. S herlock Holmes allowed John Ryder to go free because he had accidentally recovered the
stolen Blue Carbuncle, and it was also the season of forgiveness because it was Christmas.
It was also possible that he was saving a soul from becoming a jail bird and a hardened
criminal later.
2. Answers may vary. Accept all logical answers.
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Vocabulary
1. Burglary 2. alias 3. judge 4. lawyer 5. defense
6. justice 7. innocent 8. evidence 9. proof 10. alibi
Writing
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Answer Keys to Additional Worksheets and Projects
Vocabulary: Worksheet 1
A. 1. continued 2. extravagance 3. lasted 4. scurry, entered
5. exiled 6. crisis 7. reputation 8. decade
B. Opera refers to a dramatic art form, that originated in Europe. In opera, the emotions are
conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as through the
lyrics. In musical theatre, an actor’s dramatic performance plays a primary role, and the music
plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the essntial elements of theatre
such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the lyrics of the opera, or libretto,
are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging
from a small instrumental group to a full symphonic orchestra.
A. 1. b 2. f 3. a. 4. e. 5. c 6. d
B. 1. As Soon As Possible
2. Date of Birth
3. Frequently Asked Questions
4. Graphic Interchange Format
5. RAdio Detection And Ranging/or RAdio Direction And Ranging
6. SOund Navigation And Ranging
C. 1. abbreviation 2. calorie 3. district
4. division 5. miles per hour 6. volume
A. 1. The baby face looked like an angel.
2. Her hair is as smooth as silk, and her cheeks are as red as rose petals.
3. The ice melted like butter under the hot sun.
4. He is a great athlete. He runs as fast as a cheetah.
5. The fabric is as soft as a dove.
6. She is as sly as a fox.
B. 1. He was a lion in the war.
2. Ishita is a sunshine.
3. Emily Dickinson wrote that hope is a thing with feathers.
4. Tushar solves puzzles so easily. He is the Einstein of the class.
5. The sun is a big ball of fire.
6. Although she is only five-year-old, her mind is a computer.
Grammar: Worksheet 1
A. 1. were 2. is 3. likes 4. plays 5. is 6. has
B. 1. It is a wonderful work of art.
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2. It is very nice of you to help him like that.
3. She is truly generous.
4. This is a great surprise.
5. This is indeed a great victory.
6. This is an invaluable gift.
C. 1. How quietly the baby sleeps upon this bed!
2. How beautiful the morning is!
3. What a wonderful play it was!
4. What a wonderful piece of work this sculpture is!
5. What a kind woman she is!/How kind she is!
D. 1. Wisdom is better than wealth.
2. She never asked you to do it.
3. No need to worry too much about the future.
4. There is no sense in participating without practice.
5. It does not matter whether we win or lose.
6. I shall never forget that trip.
A. 1. driving 2. standing 3. taking 4. to create
5. participating 6. to go 7. to defend 8. sitting
B. 1. across 2. in front of 3. to 4. from 5. against 6. Instead of
7. at 8. According to 9. on 10. except for 11. in 12. in front of
Listening and Speaking: Worksheet 1
A. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b
Writing: Worksheet 1
A. Accept all correct Answers.
A. Accept all correct Answers.
A. 1. breakdown 2. mix-up 3. backup
4. workout 5. go-ahead 6. break-in
B. 1. made 2. make 3. wrote 4. does 5. going 6. causing 7. take
A. 1. Y 2. Y 3. N 4. Y 5. N 6. Y
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B. British English American English
lift elevator
petrol gas
biscuit cookie
pavement sidewalk
suspenders braces
autumn fall
shuttlecock birdie
sweet candy
trainers sneakers
queue line
A. 1. biodegradable 2. climate 3. disposable 4. extinction
5. conservation 6. renewable 7. sustainable 8. drought
B. 1. ferocious 2. efficient 3. giant 4. irregular
5. tremendous 6. exotically 7. bitterly 8. whole
A. 1. were going, started 2. have visited
3. was examining, was waiting/examined, waited 4. will help
5. was cooking/was washing 6. have you been waiting
7. are learning 8. runs
B. 1. Somebody ordered a pizza, didn’t they? Yes, they did.
2. We often sleep in the afternoon, don’t we? Yes, we do.
3. There is no point in discussing this any further, is there? No, there is not.
4. You are really tired, aren’t you? Yes, I am.
5. I am clever, aren’t I? Yes, you are.
6. You aren’t from Argentina, are you? No, I am not.
7. Our guests don’t like spicy food, do they? No, they don’t.
8. Bring the medicines when you come, will you? Yes, I will.
A. 1. Students are advised to be on time. Prepositional phrase
2. They lived in an apartment, with a seaside view. Adjective phrase
3. Our friends have bought a farmhouse. Noun phrase
4. Please turn towards the right to reach the supermarket. Prepositional phrase
5. She went to the house with the bright red wooden door. Adjective phrase
6. Those boys are from my school. Noun phrase
7. He is sleeping on the carpet. Prepositional phrase
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8. She gifted me a bag full of toys. Adjective phrase
9. She bought a beautiful black dress. Noun phrase
10. The boy in the blue shirt, is my brother. Adjective phrase
11. All the cars moved towards the bridge as the gate opened. Prepositional phrase
B. 1. He was a man of great honour.
2. Kiara always addresses people in a respectful way.
3. The dancers belonged to a tribe dwelling in the hills/in the forest.
4. My aunt always handles matters in a calm and quiet manner.
5. She is leaning against the tree.
6. He was a young athlete of great promise/of great talent.
7. We live in the last house on this street.
8. The boy/girl at the back of the row is very attentive.
A. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a
Project 1
A. 1. cure 2. arguing 3. great 4. spread 5. concluded 6. gloomy
B. 1. inactivity 2. expose 3. straighten 4. consistency 5. tidy 6. gather
A. h
erein, draftsman, barefoot, upside, passport, sweetmeat, homemade, backfire,
superstructure, throwback, backward, bypass, backbite, somewhat, airline, adaptable,
companionship, database
B. 1. barefoot 2. homemade 3. somewhat
4. database 5. herein 6. passport
A. 1. pseudonym 2. ferret 3. aloof 4. porous
5. indifferent 6. turbulence 7. proficient 8. dissuade
B. 1. cloudy 2. trash 3. economical 4. censured
5. rejected 6. long-established 7. gather 8. simple
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A. 1. The man whose car was stolen, has gone to the police station. (Adj C)
2. The scientists said that the ozone levels were dangerous. (NC)
3. The report that the island was flooding, was misleading. (NC)
4. He always speaks in a tone that is loud. (Adv C)
5. Students who are hard-working do well. (Adj C)
6. The committee will meet when the President arrives in the capital. (Adv C)
7. Whoever broke the window will pay for it. (NC)
8. After you finish the assignment, you may go to play. (Adv C)
9. The books that the children read were mostly fairy tales. (Adj C)
B. 1. Rohan spoke as though he were a born actor. (adverb clause)
2. They felt that the farmer must be rewarded. (noun clause)
3. The people told him that his uncle had gone abroad. (noun clause)
4. T hese few books that were hand-written were produced in the Middle Ages.
(adjective clause)
5. W hen the civilisation was young, people drew on stones. (adverb clause)
6. I could not understand what he said (noun clause) because it was very confusing.
(adverb clause)
C. 1. My pup runs out every morning for one thing only – to fetch the newspaper for Dad.
2. I know I saw the key somewhere…
3. The menu offered an extra-special discount on orders greater than five hundred rupees.
4. Why did she do that?
5. Someone spilt ink all over my final project.
6. I was thinking…maybe we should all return home.
7. The key to the mystery is the missing parchment – we need to find it quickly.
8. We went on the trek…returned only by nightfall
A. 1. The children were happy when the show began.
2. This is the hall where the team events were held.
3. T he children will not come for the event unless the school invites them. It is surprising
that they did not get an invitation.
4. She couldn’t attend the function because she was away on her school trip.
5. Although he is busy, he makes it a point to spend quality time with his family.
6. Since he was not home, I left a message with his mother.
7. He went abroad for higher studies after he finished school.
8. Pihu asked me if I was interested in joining her organisation.
B. 1. He overslept and missed the bus again.
2. We better not go there again, or we will get into trouble with the landlord.
3. H e has assembled all the things he needs for the project but he still has to get the
go-ahead from the boss.
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4. I woke her up well in time in the morning, yet she got late for the appointment.
5. Anu is allergic to cats, yet she loves them.
6. I went to bed early for I was tired.
7. Meena wanted company so she called her friends over.
8. The rains were heavy this year therefore the harvest was affected.
9. This skirt cannot be mine, for it is too big for me.
10. This carelessness must not be repeated, or you shall have to suffer losses
11. She is rich, yet humble.
12. The boy tried very hard, but he could not open the door.
A. Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words,
And never stops at all,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I’ve heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me.
A. 1. c 2. e 3. a 4. f 5. b 6. d
B. 1. apprehended, suspicious 2. moss 3. evacuate
4. figment 5. pinnacle 6. influence
A. Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
1. analysis analyse analytical analytically
2. identity identify identifiable identifiably
3. editor edit editorial editorially
4. economy economise economical economically
5. sustenance sustain sustainable sustainably
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B. 1. hike 2. appointment 3. supplement 4. repetitive
5. lyrics 6. compose 7. outstanding 8. scarcity
A. 1. Bina asked Nitu when she had come to Delhi.
2. Mitali asked where Deeksha parked her car.
3. I asked my friend how much pocket money he/she got.
4. Dad asked mom what there was for dinner that night.
5. The tutor asked the new pupil why was he/she studying French.
6. The tourist asked the hotel manager what the check-out time was.
B. 1. Smita asked her mother if/whether she should buy the groceries that day.
2. The boss asked his secretary if Mr Gupta had arrived.
3. Kriti asked me if I was hungry and whether I would like to have a sandwich then.
4. I asked the guard if I was late.
5. Our visitor asked if/whether the bus stop was near the hotel we were staying at.
6. The guest asked if I/we visited my/our hometown every year.
C. 1. Mother asked her daughter to put on her shoes.
2. The cashier asked the customer to give him/her the receipt.
3. Amit requested his dad to help him with his homework.
4. The ambulance driver told pedestrians to move out of the way.
5. I advised my friend to tell everything clearly to his/her parents so they would not
be worried.
6. The guard told us not to park there.
7. The receptionist told the waiting crowd not to block the entrance and to sit in the lounge.
A. T
om gave up the brush with reluctance in his face, but alacrity in his heart. And while the
late steamer Big Missouri worked and sweated in the sun, the retired artist sat on a barrel in
the shade close by, dangled his legs, munched his apple, and planned the slaughter of more
innocents. There was no lack of material; boys happened along every little while; they came
to jeer, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was fagged out, Tom had traded the
next chance to Billy Fisher for a kite, in good repair; and when he played out, Johnny Miller
bought in for a dead rat and a string to swing it with—and so on, and so on, hour after hour.
And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poor poverty-stricken boy in the
morning, Tom was literally rolling in wealth.
Project 2
205

A. 1. h 2. a 3. f 4. c 5. g 6. b 7. e 8. d
B. 1. poverty 2. Cruelty 3. wastage 4. Childhood 5. safety
6. bravery 7. curiosity 8. competence 9. appearance 10. shortage
A. 1. d 2. b 3. f 4. a 5. g 6. h 7. e 8. c
B. 1. barking up the wrong tree 2. struck out
3. front runner 4. went overboard
5. chipped in 6. to get a head start
7. had the upper hand 8. hit a home run
A. 1. I was happy to see all my friends in the park. (S)
2. They worked really hard, but could not meet the target assigned. (C)
3. My dad was watching the match, when the guests arrived. (CX)
4. Although winter mornings are cold and foggy, I love to go for a walk. (CX)
5. You may wait here till the manager calls you. (CX)
6. Either the engine starts, or we will have to walk to the theatre. (C)
7. When it is close to November, the leaves start falling from the trees. (CX)
8. The crew checked the plane before the flight. (S)
9. They are all waiting to board the ship. (S)
10. The streams are filled with fish when the rains come. (CX)
B. 1. I will call you if I come back early.
2. S he will be able to complete the assignment, if she would try to understand the team’s
point of view.
3. You will catch the train if you hurry up.
4. He would buy a house if he gets a job.
5. She would have represented the academy if she had practised more.
6. If you get here before eight o’ clock, we can go to the movie.
7. If you were in Mumbai, why didn’t you come over to our place?
8. I will wake up early if I am allowed to go for the football coaching.
9. If I can fix this, we can leave immediately.
10. If you agreed with me, we would both be happy.
A. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T
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A. 1. proceed 2. dissent 3. counsel 4. accept
5. effect 6. complement 7. ensure 8. Assure
B. 1. piece of furniture
2. flash of lightning
3. bar of soap
4. loaf of bread
5. spot of paint
6. sheet of paper
7. slice of cheese, bowl of cereal
A. 1. weather the storm
2. a drop in the ocean
3. down to earth
4. under the weather
5. at sea
6. a voice in the wilderness
7. make a mountain out of a molehill
8. can’t see the forest for the trees
B. 1. tactfully 2. temporarily 3. widely
4. conveniently 5. correctly 6. casually
A. 1. The clues near the crime scene were examined by Hercule Poirot.
2. The report has been sent by the doctors.
3. A tree will be planted by me on my birthday.
4. The lights should be switched off.
5. The show was presented before the President (by them).
6. The new cabinet ministry was being talked about by everyone.
B. 1. The Principal sent the email.
2. The entire class is reading The Prisoners of Azkaban.
3. A team from NASA will present the research.
4. C
hina will launch a new artificial moon by 2020 to save electricity and to ensure lights
during power failures.
5. The MCD workers will collect and sort all the garbage from the apartment complex today.
6. The captain himself shot the ball for the winning goal.
A. 1. This is my cousin whom I was talking about. D
2. Hercules, who was the son of the Greek God Zeus, was very powerful. ND
3. Here is the magazine which published my story. D
207

4. My uncle, who lives in Canada, sent me a video game. ND
5. Tista, my sister’s friend, won the tennis championship this year. ND
6. Can you give me the red bag that is lying on the bed? D
B. 1. M
artha is a clever girl, who knows how to manage multiple tasks
at a time. (Defining clause)
2. I think Danny, my classmate, knows the route to the station. (Non-defining clause)
3. Have you read the Arthashastra, which was written by Chanakya? (Defining clause)
4. T he character of Winnie the Pooh, the adorable bear, is based on
the stuff toy owned by Milne’s son. (Non-defining clause)
5. Delhi, the capital of India, is struggling against pollution. (Non-defining clause)
6. Selja was wearing a gown that had floral designs on it. (Defining clause)
A. Environmental science is probably the likeliest of underrepresented fields. However, it is
side-lined because it’s a complex subject that’s inconvenient and difficult. It also does not
bring financial rewards for the environmental scientist. For example, an environmental
scientist does not necessarily achieve fame or earn much by researching on air pollution,
water pollution or anything similar. But the problem is humans have not been good at
protecting the environment, and there seems to be but little hope to see any positive change.
However, everyone can contribute in their own small way and get the privilege of becoming a
small part in the great effort to protecting the environment.
Project 3
208

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English Alive_TRB 8_Answers.indd 129 07/12/18 1:28 PM

UNIT 1: HUMAN RIGHTS

B. Across: 4. INFLUX 6. INTEGRATE 8. ASYLUM 9. MINORITY

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Chapter 2. A Girl’s Incredible Journey

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UNIT 2: MYSTERY AND HORROR

Chapter 4. The Landlady

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Chapter 5. While the Auto Waits

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E. Accept all correct answers.

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Chapter 6. The Way Through the Woods

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Chapter 7. JOURNEY TO JO’BURG

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Chapter 8. Across the Sahara on a Bicycle

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Chapter 9. The Slave’s Dream

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Chapter 10. Dear Dad

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Chapter 11. The Cookie Thief

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1. engrossed absorbed inattentive immersed uninterested

2. bold fearless timid courageous shy

3. diminish decrease strengthen increase dwindle

4. nerve meekness brazenness audacity timidity

5. gratitude ingratitude appreciation obligation thanklessness

6. despair happiness anguish hopelessness contentment

Chapter 12. Raymond’s Run

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Chapter 13. Prayer of a Sportsman

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UNIT 6: SCIENCE AND CONSERVATION

Chapter 14. Sonam Wangchuk

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Chapter 15. Mother Nature’s Treasures

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UNIT 1: HUMAN RIGHTS

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Chapter 2. A Girl’s Incredible Journey from Syria

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Chapter 4. The Landlady

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