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    Pathophysiology of Pneumonia

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    Dimpal Choudhary
    A 94-year-old female with a history of colon cancer, hip fracture, and being bedridden developed community-acquired pneumonia likely caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. She presented with difficulty breathing, productive cough, wheezing, and crackles in the lungs. Chest x-ray confirmed pneumonia. She was treated with antibiotics and supportive nursing care including monitoring, breathing exercises, and physiotherapy.

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    Pathophysiology of Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Dimpal Choudhary
    2K views4 pages
    A 94-year-old female with a history of colon cancer, hip fracture, and being bedridden developed community-acquired pneumonia likely caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. She presented with difficulty breathing, productive cough, wheezing, and crackles in the lungs. Chest x-ray confirmed pneumonia. She was treated with antibiotics and supportive nursing care including monitoring, breathing exercises, and physiotherapy.

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    Pathophysiology-of-Pneumonia

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    A 94-year-old female with a history of colon cancer, hip fracture, and being bedridden developed community-acquired pneumonia likely caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. She presented with difficulty breathing, productive cough, wheezing, and crackles in the lungs. Chest x-ray confirmed pneumonia. She was treated with antibiotics and supportive nursing care including monitoring, breathing exercises, and physiotherapy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Pathophysiology of Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Dimpal Choudhary
    A 94-year-old female with a history of colon cancer, hip fracture, and being bedridden developed community-acquired pneumonia likely caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. She presented with difficulty breathing, productive cough, wheezing, and crackles in the lungs. Chest x-ray confirmed pneumonia. She was treated with antibiotics and supportive nursing care including monitoring, breathing exercises, and physiotherapy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Community Acquired

    Pneumonia

    Bacteria:
    Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Predisposing
    Factors

    Modifiable: Non- Modifiable:


    Bed ridden. Unable to turn. Age (94) , Sex (Female), Hip Fracture,
    Development of bacteria History of Colon Cancer

    Weak immune system.


    History of colon cancer

    Hip fracture. Bed ridden. Unable to


    turn. Growth and development of
    Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Organism enters the respiratory tract through


    inspiration/aspiration

    Acute inflammation occurs that causes excess


    water and plasma proteins go to the
    dependent areas of the lower lobes
    RBCs, fibrin, and polymorphonuclear
    leukocytes infiltrate the alveoli

    Containment of the bacteria within the


    segments of pulmonary lobes by cellular
    recruitment

    Consolidation of leukocytes and fibrin within


    the affected area

    Stage of congestion:
    Engorgement of alveolar spaces with fluid
    and hemorrhagic exudates

    Proliferation and rapid spread of organism


    through the lobe

    Stage of red hepatization:


    Coagulation of exudates occurs resulting to
    the red appearance of the affected lung

    Stage of gray hepatization:


    The decrease in number of RBC in the
    exudates is replaced by neutrophils; which
    infiltrate the alveoli making the lung tissue to

    PNEUMONIA
    Complained of difficulty of breathing, patient had Cough, Dyspnea, Chills, Fever, Vomiting, Chest pain or
    productive cough, Wheezing sounds in the lungs, angina, Cyanosis , Loss of Appetite, Crackling and
    crackles in the lungs. bubbling sounds in the chest during inhalation are usually
    indicators of pneumonia. Wheezing may also be present.
    (Community Acquired Pneumonia 2007, Welte)
    Cough (with mucus-like, greenish, or pus-like sputum chills
    with shaking ), fever, easy fatigue, chest pain (sharp or
    stabbing increased by deep breathing or increased
    by coughing), headache, loss of appetite, nausea and
    vomiting, general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling
    (malaise), joint stiffness (rare), muscular
    stiffness (rare), rales (Pathophysiology 6th
    edition, McCance et.al) People with infectious pneumonia
    often have a productive cough, fever accompanied
    by shaking chills, shortness of breath, sharp or
    stabbing chest pain during deep breaths, and an
    increased respiratory rate. (Pneumonia: update on
    diagnosis and management 2006, Hoare Z; Lim WS)

    Diagnostic Test:
    Chest x-ray

    Surgery: Medication Nursing Intervention:


    n/a Management:  Assess Vital Signs
    Medicines prescribed: especially
    Combivent Respiratory Status
    Meropenem  Monitor breath
    Carbocisteine sounds note
    changes in sputum
    production
     Maintain adequate
    fluid intake
     Appropriate diet as
    ordered by the
    physician
     Coughing and deep
    breathing exercise
     Chest Physiotherapy

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