Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 192 views

    Leukemia

    Uploaded by

    akshay kamde
    Leukemia is a malignant proliferative disorder of white blood cells (WBCs) in which abnormal WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and blood, crowding out normal cells. There are two main types: acute leukemia, which affects immature cells and is more aggressive, and chronic leukemia, which affects mature cells. Leukemia is diagnosed through blood tests, bone marrow examination, and other tests. Treatment depends on the type of leukemia and involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies like imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Leukemia

    Uploaded by

    akshay kamde
    192 views19 pages
    Leukemia is a malignant proliferative disorder of white blood cells (WBCs) in which abnormal WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and blood, crowding out normal cells. There are two main types: acute leukemia, which affects immature cells and is more aggressive, and chronic leukemia, which affects mature cells. Leukemia is diagnosed through blood tests, bone marrow examination, and other tests. Treatment depends on the type of leukemia and involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies like imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia.

    Original Description:

    Fhjl

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Leukemia is a malignant proliferative disorder of white blood cells (WBCs) in which abnormal WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and blood, crowding out normal cells. There are two main types: acute leukemia, which affects immature cells and is more aggressive, and chronic leukemia, which affects mature cells. Leukemia is diagnosed through blood tests, bone marrow examination, and other tests. Treatment depends on the type of leukemia and involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies like imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    192 views19 pages

    Leukemia

    Uploaded by

    akshay kamde
    Leukemia is a malignant proliferative disorder of white blood cells (WBCs) in which abnormal WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and blood, crowding out normal cells. There are two main types: acute leukemia, which affects immature cells and is more aggressive, and chronic leukemia, which affects mature cells. Leukemia is diagnosed through blood tests, bone marrow examination, and other tests. Treatment depends on the type of leukemia and involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies like imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    LEUKEMIA

    What is Leukemia?

     It is a Proliferative Disorder of WBC.


     Leukemia is a malignant progressive disease
    in which the bone marrow & other blood
    forming organs produce increased number
    of immature or abnormal Leukocytes.
     These suppress the production of normal blood
    cells, leading to Anaemia & other symptoms.
    Types of Leukemia

    Leukemia

    Acute Chronic (Mature


    (Immature Cell) Cell)

    Acute Myeloid Chronic Chronic Myeloid


    Acute Lymphocytic
    Leukemia AML Lymphocytic Leukemia CML
    Leukemia ALL
    (Granulocytes & Leukemia CLL (B (Granulocytes &
    (B cell, T cell & NK
    Monocytes cell, T cell & NK Monocytes
    cell)
    affected) cell) affected)
    Acute Leukemia
    Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
    • Age – Less than 15 years
    • Precursor – Lymphocytes
    Ø Pre B cells
    Ø Pre T cells
    Ø Pre NK cells
    • Response to Chemotherapy
    • Diagnosis – Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase + (Tdt+)
    “Specialised DNA polymerase”
    Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
    • Age - 15 - 20 year
    • Diagnosis – Auer Rod cells
    • No response to chemotherapy – Develop Disseminated Intravascular
    Coagulation (DIC)
    • Treatment – with Retenoic Acid (vit A)
    Ø Convert Immature to Mature cells
    Ø Main treatment with Methotrexate
    • FAB Classification
    Ø M3 – Translocation (15:17)
    Ø M4 – Nonspecific esterosis
    Ø M5 – Acute monocytic leukemia; affect to gum (gum infiltration)
    Ø M6 – Affect RBC
    Ø M7 – Affect megakareyocyte

    ACUTE LEUKEMIA AFFECTS ALL THREE CELL LINE

    RBC(ANEMIA ) WBC,NEUTROPHILES PLATELETS


    (LEUCOPEMIA) (THROMBOCYTOPENIA)

    • fategue • Bacterial • Mucous membrane


    • pallor infections bleeding
    • Pnemonia • Epitaxis(nose
    • Dyspnea
    bleed)
    • Pale conjuctiva • UTI
    • Echymoisis
    • Cellulitis
    • Splenomegaly
    • Pharyngitis • Hepatomegaly
    • esophagitis • lymphoadenopathy
    DIAGNOSIS-
    § Complete blood count
    § Electrolyte abnormalities
    § Bone marrow test

    WBC

    phosphate
    § Phosphate
    Hyperphosphatemia
    § Potassium § Phosphate
    § DNA( purine chemotherapy § Potassium K Hyperkalemia
    & § DNA Uric acid Hyperuracemia
    pyrimidi
    ne)
    CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
    Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
    Age – 50-60 years
    MONOCLONAL PROLIFERATION OF MATURE LYMPHOCYTES
    § Lymphocytosis
    § Painless lymphonapathy
    § Splenomegaly
    STAGES OF CLL
    0 - WBC
    1 – Lymphoarnapathy
    2 – Hepatosplenomegaly
    Treatment
    3 - Anaemia § Fludararabine
    4 – Thrombocytopenia § Chlorambucil
    Chronic Myeloid Leukemia CML
    A Neoplastic myeloid stem cell line
    § Granulocytes (Neutrophils)
    § Erythrocytes (RBC)
    § Platelets
    Age – 40 years
    DIAGNOSIS – Philadelphia Chromosome translocation t(9:22)
    Low alkaline phosphatase activity
    SYMPTOMS – Asymptomatic, fever, wt. loss, anamea, night
    sweat
    TREATMENT – Imatinib (tyrosin kinase inhibitors)
    HODGKINGS DISEASE
    Reed sterinberg cells (OWL EYE) found in Hodgkings Lymphoma.
    Rarely affected, less aggressive
    STAGES –
    1. One Lymph node
    2. two & More Lymp node at same side of body ( Diaphragm )
    3. Both side of Diaphragm
    4. wild spread
    SYMPTOMS – Painless lymphanopthy, fever, wt.loss, night sweat, cough.
    DIAGNOSIS – Lymphnode Bioapsy, CT Scan, (chest X ray), Bone Marrow, WBC, ESR,
    Eosinophils.
    TREATMENT – Chemotherapy & Radiation.
    Non-hodgkings disease
    Risk factors –
    1. Immunological- HIV, Immune disease.
    2. Viral – HIV, EBV, HCV.
    3. Genetic – Klienfeltems, SCID.
    4. Environmental – pesticides, Hembicides, Smoking.
    TYPES- 1. T – CELL
    § Precursor T cell lymphoma
    § Peripheral T cell lymphoma
    T cell lymphoma is less common than B cell lymphoma
    2. B CELL –
    § CLL & SLL
    § Burkins lymphoma
    § Germinal celline
    § Fallicular lymphoma
    § M ultiple myeloma
    IT OCCURES BY –
    1. Translocation of chromosomes
    2. Genetic mutations during rearrangement
    SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIA

    SYSTEMIC SKIN
    1. Wt.loss LUNGS 1. Night sweats
    2. Fever 1. Easy shortness of 2. Easy bleeding
    3. Frequent infections breath 3. Purplish patches or
    sport

    MUSCULAR BONES OR JOINTS LYMPH NODE


    1. weakness 1. Pain or tenderness 1. swelling
    DIAGNOSIS OF LEUKEMIA

    1.Complete blood counts ( CBC )


    2.Bone marrow examination
    3.Lymph node bioapsy
    4.X – Ray
    5. MRI
    6.Ultrasound
    7.CT Scan
    TREATMENT
    ACUTE LEUKEMIA
    1.Induction chemotherapy – About bone marrow remission
    • Prednisone
    • Vincristine
    • Anthracycline
    • L – Asparaginase
    • Cyclophosphamide

    2. Consolidation therapy OR intensification therapy – To


    elimination any remaining leukemia cells
    i. ANTIMETABOLITE – Methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine
    ii. CNS PROPHYLAXIS – (preventive therapy) To stop the cancer from spreading
    to the brain and nervoud system
    iii. ALTERNATIVE – Bone marrow transplantation.
    iv.
    CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

    1.COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY –
    • Chlorambucil
    • Cyclophoshamide
    • Corticosteroid (Pridnisone & Prednisolone)

    2. SINGLE AGENT – NUCLEOSIDE DRUG


    • Fludarabine
    • Pentostatin
    • Cladribine

    3. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION


    •
    THANKING YOU
    AKSHAY. S . KAMDE

    You might also like