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    Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

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    Kevin Luwis
    The document discusses the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It identifies the main types as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and other less common causes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and affects 5-10% of diabetes patients. It typically occurs in children and requires lifelong insulin treatment. Type 2 diabetes is more common and associated with obesity. It notes the importance of determining the type of diabetes to guide treatment and monitoring of complications.

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    Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Luwis
    517 views8 pages
    The document discusses the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It identifies the main types as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and other less common causes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and affects 5-10% of diabetes patients. It typically occurs in children and requires lifelong insulin treatment. Type 2 diabetes is more common and associated with obesity. It notes the importance of determining the type of diabetes to guide treatment and monitoring of complications.

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    Differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

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    The document discusses the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It identifies the main types as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and other less common causes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and affects 5-10% of diabetes patients. It typically occurs in children and requires lifelong insulin treatment. Type 2 diabetes is more common and associated with obesity. It notes the importance of determining the type of diabetes to guide treatment and monitoring of complications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    517 views8 pages

    Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Luwis
    The document discusses the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It identifies the main types as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and other less common causes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and affects 5-10% of diabetes patients. It typically occurs in children and requires lifelong insulin treatment. Type 2 diabetes is more common and associated with obesity. It notes the importance of determining the type of diabetes to guide treatment and monitoring of complications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Differential diagnosis

    The differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) is actually a classification


    of the different causes of diabetes:
    A. Type 1 DM
    1. Of the persons with DM in Canada, the United States, and Europe, 5–10% have type 1.
    2. Caused by cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells in
    genetically susceptible individuals, triggered by an undefined environmental agent
    a. Some combination of antibodies against islet cells, insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase
    (GAD65), or tyrosine phosphatases IA-2 and IA-2beta are found in 85–90% of patients.
    b. Strong HLA association
    c. Risk is 0.4% in patients without family history, 5–6% in siblings and children, and 30% in
    monozygotic twins.
    d. Patients are also prone to autoimmune thyroid disease, Addison disease, vitiligo, celiac
    sprue, autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, and pernicious anemia.
    3. Occasionally occurs without a defined HLA association or autoimmunity in patients of
    African or Asian ancestry
    4. Insulin therapy is always necessary.
    5. Patients are at high risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
    • Type 2 DM
    • Other, less common causes of diabetes
    • Genetic defects of beta cell function or insulin action
    • Exocrine pancreatic diseases (pancreatitis, trauma, infection, pancreatectomy,
    pancreatic carcinoma)
    • Endocrinopathies (acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, glucagonoma,
    pheochromocytoma)
    • Medications (especially corticosteroids)
    • Infections

    • Gestasional diabetes
    • Type 1 DM generally occurs in children, although approximately 7.5–
    10% of adults assumed to have type 2 DM actually have type 1, as
    defined by the presence of circulating antibodies. Type 2 DM is
    becoming more prevalent in teenagers and young adults, presumably
    related to the increased prevalence of obesity.
    • In most patients, the distinction between type 1 and type 2 DM is
    clear. Thus, the primary tasks of the clinician are to determine who
    should be tested for diabetes, who has diabetes, which complications
    to monitor, and how to treat the patient.
    Referensi
    • Greenspan Francis S., Baxter John D, 2000,.; Endokrinologi Dasar &
    Klinik.; Edisi 4.; Jakarta,:. EGC: 764,765.
    • Soegondo, Sidartawan, Pradana Soewondo, Imam Subekti, ed.
    Penatalaksanaan Diabetes Melitus Terpadu. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit
    FKUI; 2004
    • Powers, A.C., 2013. Diabetes Mellitus. In : Jameson J.L. Harrison
    Endocrinology. 2rd ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 262.
    • Stern, Scott D. C. Symptom To Diagnosis : an Evidence-Based Guide.
    New York :Lange Medical Books / McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division,
    2015.

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