Quiz 552

Related: Economics, Microeconomics

54 Questions

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Quiz 552

Subjective Short Answer

1. Suppose that Venezuela produces beef and oil and it can switch production between each at a
constant rate. If the most beef it can produce is 300 million pounds and the most oil it can
produce is 50 million barrels, then what is the opportunity cost of a pound of beef and what is the
opportunity cost of a barrel of oil?

2. Charlotte can produce pork and beans and can switch between producing them at a constant
rate. If it takes her 10 hours to produce a pound of pork and 5 hours to produce a pound of beans,
what is her opportunity cost of pork and what is her opportunity cost of beans?

Scenario 3-1

The production possibilities frontiers below show how much Greg and Catherine can each
produce in 8 hours of time.

Greg’s Production Possibilities Catherine’s Production Possibilities

3. Refer to Scenario 3-1. What is Greg’s opportunity cost of producing ice cream? Explain how
you derived your answer.

4. Refer to Scenario 3-1. What is Greg’s opportunity cost of producing cake? Explain how you
derived your answer.

5. Refer to Scenario 3-1. What is Catherine’s opportunity cost of producing ice cream? Explain
how you derived your answer.

6. Refer to Scenario 3-1. What is Catherine’s opportunity cost of producing cake? Explain how
you derived your answer.
7. Refer to Scenario 3-1. Which if any good(s) does Greg have an absolute advantage producing?

8. Refer to Scenario 3-1. Which if any good(s) does Catherine have an absolute advantage
producing?

9. Refer to Scenario 3-1. Is it possible for Greg and Catherine to gain from trade? Defend your
answer.

10. Under what conditions is an economy’s production possibilities frontier also its consumption
possibilities frontier?

11. What does a production possibilities frontier represent?

12. What does a consumption possibilities frontier represent?

13. Define absolute advantage.

14. Define comparative advantage.

15. Jennifer takes 2 hours to make a loaf of bread and 1 hour to make a dozen cookies. Janet
takes 3 hours to make a loaf of bread and 3/4 hours to make a dozen cookies. Who, if either, has
an absolute advantage baking bread? Who, if either, has an absolute advantage making cookies?

16. Frank can make 20 hot dogs an hour or 10 pints of potato salad an hour. Earnest can make 30
hot dogs an hour or 20 pints of potato salad an hour. Who has the comparative advantage making
hot dogs and who has the comparative advantage making potato salad?

Scenario 3-2

In country A a worker who works 40 hours can produce 200 pounds of rice or 100 pounds of
broccoli. In country B a worker who works 40 hours can produce 160 pounds of rice or 120
pounds of broccoli.

17. Refer to Scenario 3-2. Which country, if either, has an absolute advantage producing rice?
Defend your answer.

18. Refer to Scenario 3-2. Which country, if either, has an absolute advantage producing
broccoli? Defend your answer.

19. Refer to Scenario 3-2. Which country, if either, has a comparative advantage producing rice?
Defend your answer using the numbers given.

20. Refer to Scenario 3-2. Which country, if either, has a comparative advantage producing
broccoli? Defend your answer using the numbers given.
21. Refer to Scenario 3-2. Give a range of prices in terms of pounds of rice per pound of broccoli
at which the two countries would be both be willing to trade.

22. Mark can produce 24 footballs or 48 basketballs in 8 hours. Maria can produce 64 basketballs
in 8 hours. In order for Maria to have a comparative advantage producing basketballs, the
number of footballs she can produce in 8 hours has to be less than _____.

23. It takes Heather 1 hour to change the oil in the car and 20 minutes to do the dishes. It takes
Zach 1.5 hours to change the oil in the car. For Zach to have a comparative advantage changing
the oil it must take him more than ______ minutes to do the dishes.

24. Tom’s opportunity cost of mowing a lawn is 2 loads of laundry. Jen’s opportunity cost of
mowing a lawn is 1.5 loads of laundry. What is the range of prices for mowing a lawn at which
Tom and Jen could both benefit from trade?

25. Sally can make 8 cups of soup per hour or 20 crackers per hour. Harry can make 10 cups of
soup per hour or 30 crackers per hour. Can Sally and Harry gain from trade? If so, what is the
range of prices of crackers for soup at which they would both find trade advantageous?

26. Economists use the term ______ to refer to the ability to produce a good using fewer inputs
than another producer.

27. Economists use the term ______ to refer to the ability to produce a good at a lower
opportunity cost than another producer.

28. The gains from specialization and trade are based on ______ advantage.

Table 3-41

Minutes Needed to Make 1 Quantity Produced in 4 Hours

29. Refer to Table 3-41. What is Russia’s opportunity cost of one compass?

30. Refer to Table 3-41. What is Russia’s opportunity cost of one radio?

31. Refer to Table 3-41. What is England’s opportunity cost of one compass?

32. Refer to Table 3-41. What is England’s opportunity cost of one radio?

33. Refer to Table 3-41. Which country has an absolute advantage in producing compasses?

34. Refer to Table 3-41. Which country has an absolute advantage in producing radios?
35. Refer to Table 3-41. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing compasses?

36. Refer to Table 3-41. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing radios?

37. Refer to Table 3-41. If the two countries decide to trade with each other, which country
should specialize in producing compasses?

38. Refer to Table 3-41. If the two countries decide to trade with each other, which country
should specialize in producing radios?

39. Refer to Table 3-41. If the two countries specialize and trade with each other, which country
will import compasses?

40. Refer to Table 3-41. If the two countries specialize and trade with each other, which country
will import radios?

Figure 3-26
Mary’s Production Possibilities Frontier Kate’s Production Possibilities Frontier

41. Refer to Figure 3-26. What is Mary’s opportunity cost of one muffin?

42. Refer to Figure 3-26. What is Mary’s opportunity cost of one cookie?

43. Refer to Figure 3-26. What is Kate’s opportunity cost of one muffin?

44. Refer to Figure 3-26. What is Kate’s opportunity cost of one cookie?

45. Refer to Figure 3-26. Who has a comparative advantage in making cookies?

46. Refer to Figure 3-26. Who has a comparative advantage in making muffins?

47. Refer to Figure 3-26. If Mary and Kate trade foods with each other, who will trade away
muffins in exchange for cookies?

48. Country A and country B both produce shirts and shorts. Country B has an absolute
advantage producing both shirts and shorts. Is there any condition under which the two countries
could gain from trade?

49. With eight hours of work Elmer can produce 20 pounds of carrots or 15 pounds of peas. With
eight hours Bugs can produce 10 pounds of carrots or 7.5 pounds of peas. Can Elmer and Bugs
gain from trade? Defend your answer.

50. If the U.S. could produce 5 televisions per hour of labor and China could produce 3
televisions per hour of labor, would it necessarily follow that the U.S. should specialize in
television production?
Explain your answer using the concepts of comparative and or absolute advantage.
51. Explain the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Which is
more important in determining trade patterns, absolute advantage or comparative advantage?
Why?

52. The only two countries in the world, Alpha and Omega, face the following production
possibilities frontiers.

Alpha’s Production Possibilities Frontier Omega’s Production Possibilities Frontier

a. Assume that each country decides to use half of its resources in the production of each good.
Show these points on the graphs for each country as point A.
b. If these countries choose not to trade, what would be the total world production of popcorn
and peanuts?
c. Now suppose that each country decides to specialize in the good in which each has a
comparative advantage. By specializing, what is the total world production of each product now?
d. If each country decides to trade 100 units of popcorn for 100 units of peanuts, show on the
graphs the gain each country would receive from trade. Label these points B.

53. Julia can fix a meal in 1 hour, and her opportunity cost of one hour is $50. Jacque can fix the
same kind of meal in 2 hours, and his opportunity cost of one hour is $20. Will both Julia and
Jacque be better off if she pays him $45 per meal to fix her meals? Explain.

54. Gary and Diane must prepare a presentation for their marketing class. As part of their
presentation, they must do a series of calculations and prepare 50 PowerPoint slides. It would
take Gary 10 hours to do the required calculation and 10 hours to prepare the slides. It would
take Diane 12 hours to do the calculations and 20 hours to prepare the slides.
a. How much time would it take the two to complete the project if they divide the calculations
equally and the slides equally?
b. How much time would it take the two to complete the project if they use comparative
advantage and specialize in calculating or preparing slides?
c. If Diane and Gary have the same opportunity cost of $5 per hour, is there a better solution than
for each to specialize in calculating or preparing slides?