3

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/fnetflow/command/fn
A f-cr-book/fnf-m1.html#wp2285123312
BC
Loose Mode

– Supports using the default route as a route reference

– Requirers the source address to be routable

Strict Mode

– Permits only packets that are received on the same itnerface as the exit interface for the
destionation address

– Able to drop legitimate address.

B
C: 6to4
 OSPF Evaluation Sim
http://www.digitaltut.com/ospf-evaluation-sim
You have been asked to evaluate an OSPF network and to answer questions a customer has about its
operation. Note: You are not allowed to use the show running-config command.

Although in this sim we are not allowed to use “show running-config” command but we post the
configuration here so that you can understand more about the topology.
R1 R2 R3
interface Loopback0 interface Loopback 0 interface Loopback 0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
! ! !
interface Serial0/0 interface S0/0 interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.13.1 ip address 192.168.23.2 ip address 192.168.34.3
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network non-broadcast ip ospf network non-broadcast !
! ! interface S1/0
router ospf 1 router ospf 1 ip address 192.168.23.3
network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 255.255.255.0
area 0 area 0 ip ospf network non-broadcast
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 !
neighbor 192.168.23.3 interface S1/1
ip address 192.168.13.3
255.255.255.0
ip ospf network non-broadcast
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255
area 0
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
 area 0
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
area 1
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
area 1 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
neighbor 192.168.23.2

R4 R5 R6
interface Loopback 0 interface Loopback0 interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 ip address 192.168.46.6
interface FastEthernet0/0 interface Loopback1 255.255.255.0
ip address 192.168.34.4 ip address 5.5.1.1 255.255.255.255 interface Loopback 0
255.255.255.0 interface Loopback2 ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
! ip address 5.5.2.1 255.255.255.255 !
interface Ethernet0/1 interface Loopback3 router ospf 1
ip address 192.168.45.4 ip address 5.5.3.1 255.255.255.255 network 192.168.46.0 0.0.0.255
255.255.255.0 interface Loopback4 area 3
no shut ip address 5.5.4.1 255.255.255.255 network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0 area 3
! interface Ethernet0/0 area 3 stub
interface Ethernet0/2 ip address 192.168.45.5
ip address 192.168.46.4 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0 !
no shut router ospf 1
! network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
router ospf 1 area 2
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 network 5.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 2
area 1 area 2 nssa
network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
area 2
network 192.168.46.0 0.0.0.255
area 3
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 1
area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
area 2 nssa
area 3 stub no-summary

Some notices from above configuration:

+ The OSPF network type between R2 & R3 is non broadcast.
+ R3 and R4 is running virtual-link to connect Area 2 & 3 to Area 0
+ Area 2 is a NSSA area while Area 3 is a Totally Stubby area
You can download this sim to practice at http://www.digitaltut.com/download/ROUTE_OSPF.zip.
Please use GNS3 with version older than v1.0 to open it (v0.8.3.1 for example). IOS used in this
lab: c3640-jk9s-mz.124-16.bin
Question 1

How old is the Type 4 LSA from Router 3 for area 1 on the router R5 based on the output you
have examined?

A. 1858
B. 1601
C. 600
D. 1569

Answer: A

Explanation
To check OSPF LSA we should use the “show ip ospf database” command on R5:

In this sim there is no LSA Type 4 because there is no ASBR so maybe this question wants to ask
about LSA Type 3 (Summary Net Link States).
Note: LSA Type 4 is generated by ABR, not ASBR but without ASBR inside the network there are
no LSA Type 4 generated. For more information about OSPF LSA Types please read our OSPF LSA
Types Lab tutorial.
R3 advertises LSA Type 1 to R4 then R4 converts it into Type 3 and sends to R5 (because R4 is the
ABR) so we see the “Link ID” 3.3.3.3 of R3 is advertising by R4 (4.4.4.4). According to the “Age”
column, this LSA was advertised 1858 seconds ago.
Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about the serial links that terminate in R3?

A. The R1-R3 link needs the neighbor command for the adjacency to stay up
B. The R2-R3 link OSPF timer values are 30, 120, 120
C. The R1-R3 link OSPF timer values should be 10,40,40
D. R3 is responsible for flooding LSUs to all the routers on the network.

Answer: B
Explanation
Check the Serial1/0 interface of R3 which is connected to R2 with the “show ip ospf interface serial
1/0” command:

There are two things we should notice from the output above:
+ The “network type” connection between R2-R3 is “NON_BROADCAST” (usually we have
“BROADCAST”). OSPF neighbors are discovered using multicast Hello packets. In non broadcast
environment, multicast (and broadcast) messages are not allowed so OSPF neighborship cannot be
formed automatically. Therefore we have to establish OSPF neighborship manually by using
“neighbor ” command under OSPF process (OSPF will send unicast Hello message to this address).
For example on R2 we have to use these commands:
router ospf 1
neighbor 192.168.23.3
And on R3:
router ospf 1
neighbor 192.168.23.2
+ For non broadcast environment the default Hello timer is 30 seconds; Dead timer (time to wait
before declaring a neighbor dead) is 120 seconds and Wait timer (causes the interface to exit out of
the wait period and select a DR on a broadcast network. This timer is always equal to the dead timer
interval) is 120 seconds. In the output we also see the default timers for non broadcast network.
Question 3

How many times was SPF algorithm executed on R4 for Area 1?

A. 1
B. 5
C. 9
D. 20
E. 54
F. 224

Answer: C
Explanation
We can check the number of executed SPF algorithm via the “show ip ospf” command on R4:

In the output above we can see SPF has been executed 9 times.

Question 4

Areas of Router 5 and 6 are not normal areas, inspect their routing tables and determine which
statement is true?

A. R5’s Loopback and R6’s Loopback are both present in R5’s Routing table
B. R5’s Loopback and R6’s Loopback are both present in R6’s Routing table
C. Only R5’s loopback is present in R5’s Routing table
D. Only R6’s loopback is present in R5’s Routing table
E. Only R5’s loopback is present in R6’s Routing table

Answer: A
Explanation
Area 2 (of R5) is a Not-so-Stubby area (NSSA). You can check it by the “show ip ospf” command
on R4 or R5 (in Area 2 section). For example, below is the output of “show ip ospf” command on
R5:
In general, NSSA is same as normal area except that it can generate LSA Type 7 (redistribute from
another domain) so we can see both Loopback interfaces of R5 & R6 in the routing table of R5.

Note: NSSA does not receive a default route by default so you will not see a default route on R5.
Area 3 (of R6) is a Totally-Stubby area so R6 only has one default route to outside world. You can
check with the “show ip ospf” command on R4 and R6 (area 3 section):
Notice that on R4 you will get more detail (shows “stub area, no summary LSA”) than on R6 (only
shows “stub area”).
R6 is in a totally-stubby area so we will not see any R5’s Loopback interfaces in R6 routing table:

Note: You can see a default (summary) route to the outside (O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 …)
 EIGRP Evaluation Sim
http://www.digitaltut.com/eigrp-evaluation-sim
You have been asked to evaluate how EIGRP is functioning in a network.

The configuration of R1 to R6 are posted below for your reference, useless lines are omitted:
R1 R2 R3
interface Loopback0 interface Ethernet0/0 interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 150.1.1.1 description Link to R1 description Link to R5
255.255.255.255 ip address 192.168.12.2 ip address 192.168.35.3
! 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
interface Ethernet0/0 ! !
description Link to R2 interface Ethernet0/1 interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 192.168.12.1 description Link to R4 description Link to R1
255.255.255.0 ip address 192.168.24.2 ip address 192.168.13.3
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 1 20 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
! ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5 !
interface Ethernet0/1 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 router eigrp 1
description Link to R3 CISCO network 192.168.13.0
ip address 192.168.13.1 ! network 192.168.35.0
255.255.255.0 router eigrp 1
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 1 20 network 192.168.12.0
delay 5773 network 192.168.24.0
! !
router eigrp 1 key chain CISCO
network 192.168.12.0 key 1
network 192.168.13.0 key-string firstkey
net 150.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 key chain FIRSTKEY
variance 11 key 1
key-string CISCO
key chain R3
key 1
key-string R3
 key 2
key-string R1

R4 R5 R6
interface Loopback0 interface Ethernet0/0 interface Loopback0
ip address 150.1.4.4 description Link to R3 ip address 150.1.6.6
255.255.255.255 ip address 192.168.35.5 255.255.255.255
! 255.255.255.0 !
interface Ethernet0/0 ! interface Loopback1
description Link to R6 interface Ethernet0/1 ip address 172.16.6.6
ip address 192.168.46.4 description Link to R6 255.255.255.255
255.255.255.0 ip address 192.168.56.5 !
! 255.255.255.0 interface Ethernet0/0
interface Ethernet0/1 ! ip address 192.168.46.6
description Link to R2 router eigrp 1 255.255.255.0
ip address 192.168.24.4 network 192.168.35.0 !
255.255.255.0 network 192.168.56.0 interface Ethernet0/1
ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5 ip address 192.168.56.6
ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 255.255.255.0
CISCO !
! router eigrp 1
router eigrp 1 distribute-list 1 out
network 192.168.46.0 network 150.1.6.6 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.24.0 network 172.16.6.6 0.0.0.0
network 150.1.4.4 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.46.0
! network 192.168.56.0
key chain CISCO !
key 1 access-list 1 permit 192.168.46.0
key-string firstkey access-list 1 permit 192.168.56.0
access-list 1 permit 150.1.6.6
access-list 1 deny 172.16.6.6
access-list 2 permit 192.168.47.1
access-list 2 permit 192.168.13.1
access-list 2 permit 192.168.12.1
access-list 2 deny 150.1.1.1

Note: This sim uses IOS version 15 so “no auto-summary” is the default setting of EIGRP. You
don’t have to type it.
You can download this sim to practice at http://www.digitaltut.com/download/ROUTE_EIGRP.zip.
Please use GNS3 with version older than v1.0 to open it (v0.8.3.1 for example). IOS used in this
lab: c3640-jk9s-mz.124-16.bin

Question 1
Traffic from R1 to R6′ s Loopback address is load shared between R1-R2-R4-R6 and R1-R3-R5-R6
paths. What is the ratio of traffic over each path?

A. 1:1
B. 1:5
C. 6:8
D. 19:80
Answer: D
Explanation
First we need to get the IP address of R6’s loopback address by “show ip interface brief” command
on R6:

Now we learned the R6’s loopback address is 150.1.6.6. To see the ratio of traffic that is load shared
between paths, use the “show ip route 150.1.6.6” command on R1:

This means that after 19 packets are sent to 192.168.13.3, R1 will send 80 packets to 192.168.12.2
(ratio 19:80). This is unequal cost path Load balancing (configured with “variance” command).

Question 2

What type of route filtering is occurring on R6?

A. Distribute-list using an ACL

B. Distribute-list using a prefix-list
C. Distribute-list using a route-map
D. An ACL using a distance of 255
Answer: A
Explanation
Use the “show running-config” on R6 we will see a distribute-list applying under EIGRP:
With this distribute-list, only networks 192.168.46.0; 192.168.56.0 and 150.1.6.6 are advertised out
by R6.

Question 3

Which key chain is being used for authentication of EIGRP adjacency between R4 and R2?

A. CISCO
B. EIGRP
C. key
D. MD5

Answer: A
Explanation
Check on both R2 and R4:
To successfully authenticate between two EIGRP neighbors, the key number and key-string must
match. The key chain name is only for local use. In this case we have key number “1” and key-string
“CISCO” and they match so EIGRP neighbor relationship is formed.
Question 4

What is the advertised distance for the 192.168.46.0 network on R1?

A. 333056
B. 1938688
C. 1810944
D. 307456

Answer: A
Explanation
To check the advertised distance for a prefix we cannot use the “show ip route” command because it
only shows the metric (also known as Feasible Distance). Therefore we have to use the “show ip
eigrp topology” command:

There are two parameters in the brackets of 192.168.46.0/24 prefix: (1810944/333056). The first one
“1810944” is the Feasible Distance (FD) and the second “333056” is the Advertised Distance (AD)
of that route -> A is correct.
Just for your reference, this is the output of the “show ip route” command on R1:
In the first line:
D 192.168.46.0/24 [90/ 1810944] via 192.168.12.2, 00:10:01, Ethernet0/0
The first parameter “90” is the EIGRP Administrative Distance. The second parameter “1810944” is
the metric of the route 192.168.46.0/24. R1 will use this metric to advertise this route to other routers
but the question asks about “the advertised distance for the 192.168.46.0 network on R1” so we
cannot use this command to find out the answer.
Question 5

What percent of R1’s interfaces bandwidth is EIGRP allowed to use?

A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40

Answer: B
Explanation
Check with the “show running-config” command on R1:

In the “ip bandwitdh-percent eigrp 1 20” command, “1” is the EIGRP AS number while “20” is the
percent of interface’s bandwidth that EIGRP is allowed to use.
Note: By default, EIGRP uses up to 50% of the interface bandwidth. The bandwidth-percent value
can be configured greater than 100%. It is useful when we set interface bandwidth lower than the
real capacity of the link (for policy reasons, for example).

EIGRP OSPF Redistribution Sim

http://www.digitaltut.com/route-eigrp-ospf-redistribution-sim

Question

You are a network engineer with ROUTE.com, a small IT company. They have recently merged
two organizations and now need to merge their networks as shown in the topology exhibit. One
network is using OSPF as its IGP and the other is using EIGRP as its IGP. R4 has been added to
the existing OSPF network to provide the interconnect between the OSPF and EIGRP networks.
Two links have been added that will provide redundancy.

The network requirements state that you must be able to ping and telnet from loopback 101 on R1 to
the OPSF domain test address of 172.16.1.100. All traffic must use the shortest path that provides
the greatest bandwidth. The redundant paths from the OSPF network to the EIGRP network must be
available in case of a link failure. No static or default routing is allowed in either network.

A previous network engineer has started the merger implementation and has successfully assigned
and verified all IP addressing and basic IGP routing. You have been tasked with completing the
implementation and ensuring that the network requirements are met. You may not remove or change
any of the configuration commands currently on any of the routers. You may add new commands or
change default values.
Answer and Explanation:

First we need to find out 5 parameters (Bandwidth, Delay, Reliability, Load, MTU) of the s0/0/0
interface (the interface of R2 connected to R4) for redistribution :
R2#show interface s0/0/0
Write down these 5 parameters, notice that we have to divide the Delay by 10 because the metric unit
is in tens of microsecond. For example, we get Bandwidth=1544 Kbit, Delay=20000 us,
Reliability=255, Load=1, MTU=1500 bytes then we would redistribute as follows:
R2#config terminal
R2(config)# router ospf 24
R2(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 100 metric-type 1 subnets
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config-router)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 24 metric 1544 2000 255 1 1500
(Notice: In fact, these parameters are just used for reference and we can use other parameters with no
problem. Also, a candidate said that the simulator didn’t accept the Bandwidth of 1544; in that case,
we can use a lower value, like 128.
If the delay is 20000us then we need to divide it by 10, that is 20000 / 10 = 2000)
Note: “usec” here does not mean microsecond (which is 1/1000 milliseconds) but means
millisecond. In short usec = msec. I don’t know why they use the word “usec” here but just think it is
“msec” (According to this
link: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_white_paper09186a0080094cb7.shtml#ei
grpmetrics: “The delay as shown in the show ip eigrp topology or show interface commands is in
microseconds”)
For R3 we use the show interface fa0/0 to get 5 parameters too
R3#show interface fa0/0
For example we get Bandwidth=10000 Kbit, Delay=1000 us, Reliability=255, Load=1, MTU=1500
bytes
R3#config terminal
R3(config)#router ospf 34
R3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric-type 1 subnets
R3(config)#exit
R3(config-router)#router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)#redistribute ospf 34 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500
Finally you should try to “show ip route” to see the 172.16.100.1 network (the network behind R4)
in the routing table of R1 and make a ping from R1 to this network.
Note: If the link between R2 and R3 is FastEthernet link, we must put the command below under
EIGRP process to make traffic from R1 to go through R3 (R1 -> R2 -> R3 -> R4), which is better
than R1 -> R2 -> R4.
R2(config-router)# distance eigrp 90 105
This command sets the Administrative Distance of all EIGRP internal routes to 90 and all EIGRP
external routes to 105, which is smaller than the Administrative Distance of OSPF (110) -> the link
between R2 & R3 will be preferred to the serial link between R2 & R4.
Note: Please check the OSPF process numbers first before typing these commands. Maybe they are
not “ospf 1” like above.
 Policy Based Routing Sim
http://www.digitaltut.com/route-policy-based-routing-sim

Question

Company Acan has two links which can take it to the Internet. The company policy demands that
you use web traffic to be forwarded only to Frame Relay link if available and other traffic can go
through any links. No static or default routing is allowed.

Answer and Explanation:

Notice: The answer and explanation below are from PeterPan and Helper.Please say thank to
them!
All the HTTP traffic from the EIGRP Network should go through Frame Relay link if available and
all the other traffic should go through either link.
The only router you are able to administrate is the Border Router, from the EIGRP Network you may
only send HTTP traffic. As the other people mentioned, actually it is not a BGP lab. You are not able
to execute the command “router bgp 65001”

1) Access list that catches the HTTP traffic:

BorderRouter(config)#access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq www
Note that the server was not directly connected to the Border Router. There were a lot of EIGRP
routes on it. In the real exam you do not know the exact IP address of the server in the EIGRP
network so we have to use the source as “any” to catch all the source addresses.

2) Route map that sets the next hop address to be ISP1 and permits the rest of the traffic:
BorderRouter(config)#route-map pbr permit 10
BorderRouter(config-route-map)#match ip address 101
BorderRouter(config-route-map)#set ip next-hop 10.1.101.1
BorderRouter(config-route-map)#exit
(Update: We don’t need the last command route-map pbr permit 20 to permit other traffic
according to Cisco:
“If the packets do not meet any of the defined match criteria (that is, if the packets fall off the end of
a route map), then those packets are routed through the normal destination-based routing process. If
it is desired not to revert to normal forwarding and to drop the packets that do not match the
specified criteria, then interface Null 0 should be specified as the last interface in the list by using the
set clause.”
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6599/products_white_paper09186a00800a4409.shtml)

3) Apply the route-map on the interface to the server in the EIGRP Network:
BorderRouter(config-route-map)#exit
BorderRouter(config)#int fa0/0
BorderRouter(config-if)#ip policy route-map pbr
BorderRouter(config-if)#exit
BorderRouter(config)#exit
4) There is a “Host for Testing”, click on this host to open a box in which there is a button named
“Generate HTTP traffic”. Click on this button to generate some packets for HTTP traffic. Jump back
to the BorderRouter and type the command “show route-map”.
BorderRouter#show route-map
In the output you will see the line “Policy routing matches: 9 packets…”. It means that the route-map
we configured is working properly.
Note: We have posted a Policy Based Routing lab on GNS3 similar to this sim with detailed
explanation, you can read it here.

IPv6 OSPF Virtual Link Sim

http://www.digitaltut.com/route-ipv6-ospf-virtual-link-sim

Question

Acme is a small export company that has an existing enterprise network that is running IPv6
OSPFv3. Currently OSPF is configured on all routers. However, R4’s loopback address (FEC0:4:4)
cannot be seen in R1’s IPv6 routing table. You are tasked with identifying the cause of this fault and
implementing the needed corrective actions that uses OSPF features and does no change the current
area assignments. You will know that you have corrected the fault when R4’s loopback address
(FEC0:4:4) can be seen in the routing table of R1.
Special Note: To gain the maximum number of points you must remove all incorrect or
unneeded configuration statements related to this issue.

Answer and Explanation:

To troubleshoot the problem, first issue the show running-config on all of 4 routers. Pay more
attention to the outputs of routers R2 and R3
The output of the “show running-config” command of R2:

The output of the “show running-config” command of R3:

We knew that all areas in an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) autonomous system must be
physically connected to the backbone area (Area 0). In some cases, where this is not possible,we can
use a virtual link to connect to the backbone through a non-backbone area. The area through which
you configure the virtual link is known as a transit area. In this case, the area 11 will become the
transit area. Therefore, routers R2 and R3 must be configured with the area area-id virtual-link
neighbor-router-id command.
+ Configure virtual link on R2 (from the first output above, we learned that the OSPF process ID of
R2 is 1):
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R2(config-rtr)#area 11 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
(Notice that we have to use neighbor router-id 3.3.3.3, not R2’s router-id 2.2.2.2)
+ Configure virtual link on R3 (from the second output above, we learned that the OSPF process ID
of R3 is 1 and we have to disable the wrong configuration of “area 54 virtual-link 4.4.4.4”):
R3>enable
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R3(config-rtr)#no area 54 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
R3(config-rtr)#area 11 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
We should check the configuration on R4:
R4>enable
R4#show running-config
You will see a wrongly configured virtual-link command. To get full mark we have to disable this
command:
R4#configure terminal
R4(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R4(config-rtr)#no area 54 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
After finishing the configuration don’t forget to ping between R1 and R4 to make sure they work
well!
Now all the configuration was done. It is weird that we can’t ping the IPv6 loopback interface of R4
(with the ping or ping ipv6 command) but we can check by using the command show ipv6 route on
R1
The copying running-config startup-config command will not work but don’t worry, just skip it.
Notice: If you issue the command “show running-config” on R1, you will see these two lines:

passive-interface default
no passive-interface fa0/0 (fa0/0 is the interface connecting with R2)
These two lines make all the interfaces of R1 become passive interfaces except interface fa0/0. They
are correctly configured so don’t try to disable them.

EIGRP Stub Sim

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Question

By increasing the first distant office, JS manufactures has extended their business. They configured
the remote office router (R3) from which they can reach all Corporate subnets. In order to raise
network stableness and lower the memory usage and broadband utilization to R3, JS manufactures
makes use of route summarization together with the EIGRP Stub Routing feature. Another network
engineer is responsible for the implementing of this solution. However, in the process of configuring
EIGRP stub routing connectivity with the remote network devices off of R3 has been missing.

Presently JS has configured EIGRP on all routers in the network R2, R3, and R4. Your duty is to
find and solve the connectivity failure problem with the remote office router R3. You should then
configure route summarization only to the distant office router R3 to complete the task after the
problem has been solved.

The success of pings from R4 to the R3 LAN interface proves that the fault has been
corrected and the R3 IP routing table only contains two 10.0.0.0 subnets.
Answer and Explanation:
First we have to figure out why R3 and R4 can not communicate with each other. Use the show
running-config command on router R3

Notice that R3 is configured as a stub receive-only router. The receive-only keyword will restrict the
router from sharing any of its routes with any other router in that EIGRP autonomous system. This
keyword will also prevent any type of route from being sent.
Therefore we will remove this command and replace it with the eigrp stub command:
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#router eigrp 123
R3(config-router)#no eigrp stub receive-only
R3(config-router)#eigrp stub
R3(config-router)#end
Now R3 will send updates containing its connected and summary routes to other routers. Notice that
the eigrp stub command equals to the eigrp stub connected summary because the connected and
summary options are enabled by default.
Next we will configure router R3 so that it has only 2 subnets of 10.0.0.0 network. Use the show ip
route command on R3 to view its routing table
R3#show ip route
Because we want the routing table of R3 only have 2 subnets so we have to summary sub-networks
at the interface which is connected with R3, the s0/0 interface of R4.
There is one interesting thing about the output of the show ip route shown above: the 10.2.3.0/24,
which is a directly connected network of R3. We can’t get rid of it in the routing table no matter
what technique we use to summary the networks. Therefore, to make the routing table of R3 has only
2 subnets we have to summary other subnets into one subnet.
In the output if we don’t see the summary line (like 10.0.0.0/8 is a summary…) then we should use
the command ip summary-address eigrp 123 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0 so that all the ping can work well.
In conclusion, we will use the ip summary-address eigrp 123 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0 at the interface
s0/0 of R4 to summary.
R4>enable
R4#configure terminal
R4(config)#interface s0/0
R4(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 123 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0
Now we jump back to R3 and use the show ip route command to verify the effect, the output is
shown below:

(But please notice that the ip addresses and the subnet masks in your real exam might be different so
you might use different ones to solve this question)
But in your real exam, if you see the line “10.0.0.0/8 is a summary,….Null0” then you need to
summary using the network 10.0.0.0/8 with the command “ip summary-address eigrp 123 10.0.0.0
255.0.0.0” . This configuration is less optimize than the first but it summaries into 2 subnets as the
question requires (maybe you will not see this case, don’t worry!).
The command “copy running-config startup-config” will not work so try using this command; just
skip if it doesn’t work.

OSPF Sim
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Question

OSPF is configured on routers Amani and Lynaic. Amani’s S0/0 interface and Lynaic’s S0/1
interface are in Area 0. Lynaic’s Loopback0 interface is in Area 2.
Your task is to configure the following:

Portland’s S0/0 interface in Area 1

Amani’s S0/1 interface in Area 1
Use the appropriate mask such that ONLY Portland’s S0/0 and Amnani’s S0/1 could be in
Area 1.
Area 1 should not receive any external or inter-area routes (except the default route).

Answer and Explanation:

First, we configure Portland’s S0/0 interface so that it belongs to Area 1. So, we have to find out
which sub-network the IP address 192.168.4.5/30 (the IP of interface S0/0 of Portland) belongs to.
This address belongs to a subnetwork which has:
Increment: 4 (/30 = 255.255.255.252 or 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1100)
Network address: 192.168.4.4 (because 4 = 4 * 1 and 4 < 5)
Broadcast address: 192.168.4.7 (because 7 = 4 + 4 – 1) (It is not necessary to find out the broadcast
address but we should know it)
The question requires that only Portland’s S0/0 and Amani’s S0/1 could be in Area 1, therefore we
must use a wildcard of 0.0.0.3 (this wildcard is equivalent with a subnet mask of /30) so that there
are only 2 IP addresses can participate in area 1 (they are 192.168.4.5 & 192.168.4.6). The full
command we use here is network 192.168.4.4 0.0.0.3 area 1
The question also requires that “Area 1 should not receive any external or inter-area routes (except
the default route)”. Recall that if we don’t want the router to receive external routes, we have to stop
LSA Type 5. And if we don’t want to receive inter-area routes, we have to stop LSA Type 3 and
Type 4. Therefore we have to configure area 1 as a totally stubby area. For your information,
here is the definition of a totally stubby area:
“Totally stubb area – This area does not accept summary LSAs from other areas (types 3 or 4) or
external summary LSAs (Type 5). Types 3,4 and 5 LSAs are replaced by the Area Border
Router(ABR) with a default router. Totally stubby areas protect internal routers by minimizing the
routing table and summarizing everything outside the area with a default route.” (CCNP BSCI
Official Exam Certification Guide, Fourth Edition)
In conclusion, we have to configure area 1 as a totally stubby area. We do that by configuring
Portland as stub and configuring Amani (ABR router) as a stub + “no-summary”suffix.
+ Configure Portland router as a stub:
Portland#configure terminal
Portland(config)#router ospf 1
Allow network 192.168.4.4/30 to join Area 1, notice that you have to convert subnet mask into
wildcard mask:
Portland(config-router)#network 192.168.4.4 0.0.0.3 area 1
Configure Portland as a stub:
Portland(config-router)#area 1 stub
Portland(config-router)#end
Portland#copy running-config startup-config
+ Configure Amani router as a “totally stub”:
Amani#configure terminal
Amani(config)#router ospf 1
Amani(config-router)#network 192.168.4.4 0.0.0.3 area 1
Make area 1 become a totally stubby area, notice that we can only use this command on ABR router:
Amani(config-router)#area 1 stub no-summary

Amani(config-router)#end
Amani#copy running-config startup-config
Note: Make sure to check the OSPF process ID before typing your configuration. Maybe it is not
OSPF process 1 like the configuration above
 EIGRP Simlet
http://www.digitaltut.com/route-eigrp-simlet

Question
Refer to the exhibit. BigBids Incorporated is a worldwide auction provider. The network uses EIGRP
as its routing protocol throughout the corporation. The network administrator does not understand
the convergence of EIGRP. Using the output of the show ip eigrp topology all-links command,
answer the administrator’s questions.

Question 1
Which two networks does the Core1 device have feasible successors for? (Choose two)
A – 172.17.0.0/30
B – 172.17.1.0/24
C – 172.17.2.0/24
D – 172.17.3.0/25
E – 172.17.3.128/25
F – 10.140.0.0/24
Answer: A F

Explanation
To understand the output of the “show ip eigrp topology all-links command” command, let’s analyze
an entry (we choose the second entry because it is better for demonstration than the first one)
The first line tells us there is only 1 successor for the path to 10.140.0.0/24 network but there are 2
lines below. So we can deduce that one line is used for successor and the other is used for another
route to that network. Each of these two lines has 2 parameters: the first one (“156160” or “157720”)
is the Feasible Distance (FD) and the second (“128256” or “155160”) is the Advertised Distance
(AD) of that route.
The next thing we want to know is: if the route via 172.17.10.2 (the last line) would become the
feasible successor for the 10.140.0.0/24 network. To figure out, we have to compare the Advertised
Distance of that route with the Feasible Distance of the successor’s route, if AD < FD then it will
become the feasible successor. In this case, because AD (155160) < FD (156160) so it will become
the feasible successor. Therefore we can conclude the network 10.140.0.0/24 has 1 feasible
successor.
After understanding the output, let’s have a look at the entire output:

Because the question asks about feasible successor so we just need to focus on entries which have
more paths than the number of successor. In this case, we find 3 entries that are in blue boxes
because they have only 1 successor but has 2 paths, so the last path can be the feasible successor.
By comparing the value of AD (of that route) with the FD (of successor’s route) we figure out there
are 2 entries will have the feasible successor: the first and the second entry. The third entry has AD =
FD (30720) so we eliminate it.

Question 2
Which three EIGRP routes will be installed for the 172.17.3.128/25 and 172.17.2.0/24 networks?
(Choose three)
A – 172.17.3.128.25 [90/28160] via 172.17.1 2, 01:26:35, FastEthernet0/2
B – 172.17.3.128/25 [90/30720] via 172.17.3.2, 01:26:35, FastEthemet0/3
C – 172.17.3.128/25 [90/30720] via 172.17.10.2, 01:26:35, FastEthernet0/1
D – 172.17.2.0/24 [90/30720] via 172.17.10.2, 02:10:11, FastEthernet0/1
E – 172.17.2.0/24 [90/28160] via 172.17.10.2, 02:10:11, FastEthernet0/1
F – 172.17.2.0/24 [90/33280] via 172.17.3.2, 02:10:11, FastEthernet0/3
Answer: B C D
Explanation
First indicate the positions of these networks:

Network 172.17.3.128/25 has 2 successors, therefore the two paths below are both successors.
Network 172.17.2.0/24 has only 1 successor, therefore the path lies right under it is the successor.

Question 3
Which three networks is the router at 172.17.10.2 directly connected to? (Choose three)
A – 172.17.0.0/30
B – 172.17.1.0/24
C – 172.17.2.0/24
D – 172.17.3.0/25
E – 172.17.3.128/25
F – 172.17.10.0/24

Answer: C E F
Explanation
First, we should notice about the entry in the orange box, it shows that the network 172.17.10.0/24 is
directly connected with this router and has a FD of 28160. So we can guess the networks that directly
connected with router at 172.17.10.2 will be shown with an AD of 28160. From that, we find out 3
networks which are directly connected to the router at 172.17.10.2 (they are green underlined). The
network 172.17.10.0/24 is surely directly connected to the router at 172.17.10.2 (in fact it is the
network that links the router at 172.17.10.2 with Core1 router).

END