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    Module_2_MAD

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    Module_2_MAD

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    MANJUNATHA H T
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    2 views55 pages

    Module_2_MAD

    Uploaded by

    MANJUNATHA H T

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 55

    Module 2

    Fundamentals of
    Android Development
    INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID
     Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google

    The Android Operating System is a Linux-based OS developed by the Open


    Handset Alliance (OHA).
    The Android OS was originally created by Android, Inc., which was bought
    by Google in 2005.
    Google teamed up with other companies to form the Open Handset
    Alliance (OHA), which has become responsible for the continued
    development of the Android OS.
    INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID
    The android is an open source operating system means that it’s free
    and any one can use it.

    Each time the OHA releases an Android version, it names the release
    after a dessert. Android 1.5 is known as Cupcake, 1.6 as Donut,
    2.0/2.1 as Eclair, 2.2 as Froyo and 2.3 is dubbed Gingerbread. Once a
    version is released, so is its source code.
    The features of android
    1) It is open-source.
    2) Anyone can customize the Android Platform.
    3) There are a lot of mobile applications that can be chosen by the
    consumer.
    4) It provides many interesting features like weather details,
    Health details ,Stock market details ,payment , Banking services
    5) It provides support for messaging services(SMS and MMS), web
    browser, storage (SQLite), connectivity (GSM, CDMA, Blue
    Tooth, Wi-Fi etc.), media, handset layout etc.
    Android versions:
    • Google did not attach any high-calorie code name to its initial versions
    1.0 and 1.1 of the Android Operating System.

    • The code names of android ranges from A to N currently, such as


    Aestro, Blender, Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread,
    Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwitch, Jelly Bean, KitKat, Lollipop and
    Marshmallow.
    THE ANDROID 4.1 JELLY BEAN SDK

    • The Android 4.1 Jelly Bean SDK was released with new features for developers in July
    2012
    It contains variety of new features

    • Project Butter: —Makes the Jelly Bean UI faster and more responsive.
    Touch Responsiveness is added, which increases the CPU performance
    whenever the screen is touched

    • Faster speech recognition: Speech recognition is now faster and doesn’t require any
    network to convert voice into text

    • Improved notification system:


     The notifications include pictures and lists along with text.
     Notifications can be expanded or collapsed through a variety of gestures, and users
     can block notifications if desired..
    THE ANDROID 4.1 JELLY BEAN SDK
    • Supports new languages: Hindhi Arabic ,kannada

    • Improved Google Voice search :Jelly Bean is equipped with a


    question and answer search method that helps in solving users’ queries
    similar to Apple’s popular Siri.

    Better communication in Jelly Bean :Two devices can communicate


    with Near Field Communication (NFC); that is, two NFC-enabled
    Android devices can be tapped to share data

    Auto-arranging Home screen—Icons and widgets automatically resize


    and realign as per the existing space.
    Google Play Widgets: Provides quick and easy access to movies,
    games, magazines, and other media on the device.

    • Faster Google Search—Google Search can be opened quickly, from


    the lock screen and from the system bar by swiping up
    • Improved Camera app
    Understanding the Android Software Stack OR Architecture of
    Android
    1) Linux kernel
    • 1) Linux kernel It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the
    root of android architecture.
    • Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management,
    memory management, device management and resource access. This
    layer is the foundation of the Android Platform.
    • Contains all low level drivers for various hardware components
    support
    • Driver model
    • Security and more.
    2) Libraries
    WebKit Library mainly provides Web Browsing engine and a lot more related

    features. Rendering of web pages

    The surface manager library that provides display management functionality. A

    collection of OpenGL (Open Graphic Library) and SGL (Scalable Graphics

    Library), used for creating 2D and 3D graphics..

    The media framework library provides media codecs for audio and video. 

    The OpenGl (Open Graphics Library) and SGL(Scalable Graphics Library) are the

    graphics libraries for 3D and 2D rendering


    3) Android Runtime
    • In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual
    Machine) which is responsible to run android application.

    • DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices.

    • It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.

    • The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory


    management and multi-threading,
    3) Android Runtime
    4) Android Framework

    • Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface),


    telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and package
    managers

    • Activity Manager: Manager, the Android System manages a


    stack of activities which are in different states (starting,
    running, paused, stopped, destroyed).

    • Package Manager: keeps track of which applications are installed in


    your device. Allows an application to request installation of
    packages.. Allows an app to see all installed package
    • Window Manager : - It is responsible for organizing the
    screen. It allocates surface and decide where
    they(Applications) go and how they are layered. At
    create surface for all the applications
    About Android SDK
    • Android SDK is a collection of libraries and Software
    Development tools that are essential for Developing
    Android Applications.

    Whenever Google releases a new version or update of Android


    Software, a corresponding SDK also releases with it
    Below are the SDK developer tools:
    1. Android SDK Build tool.

    The main functions of Android SDK Build tools are built,


    debug, run and test Android applications. The latest version
    of the Android SDK Build tool is 30.0.3.

    2. Android Emulator.

    • Android Emulator. In Android Emulator the virtual android


    device is shown on our system on which we run the Android
    application that we code.

    • The emulator’s come with the configuration for Various


    android phones, tablets, Wear OS, and Android TV devices.
    3. Android SDK Platform-tools

    • Android SDK Platform-tools is helpful when we are working on


    Project and they will show the error messages at the same
    time. It is specifically used for testing. It includes:

    • Android Debug Bridge (ADB), is a command-line tool that


    helps to communicate with the device. It allows us to perform
    an action such as Installing App and Debugging App etc.
    • Gradle Sync is a Gradle task who’s main function is to check
    all the dependencies in your build.
    • Gradle files which are associated with your Android studio
    project and then download that specified version (if not
    downloaded already).
    AVD (Android virtual device
    manager )
    Installation of Android studio guide
    USING THE ANDROID EMULATOR

    The Android emulator is used for testing and debugging applications before they are
    loaded onto a real handset
    Android emulator is typically used for deploying apps that are developed in your IDE
    without actually installing it in a mobile

    Example: Bluestack
    Limitations of the Android Emulator

     Emulator doesn’t reveal the information like memory, CPU, or other


    physical limitation
     SMS messages are also simulated and do not use a real network.

    Phone calls cannot be placed or received but are simulated

     No support for device-attached headphones is available.

     Peripherals such as camera/video capture are not fully functional

    . No USB or Bluetooth support is available


    Anatomy of android
    The various folders and their files are as follows:

    • src — Contains the file, MainActivity.java. It is the source file for


    your activity. You will write the code for your application in this file.

    • Android 4.4.2 — This item contains one file, android.jar, which


    contains all the class libraries needed for an Android application.

    • gen — Contains the R.java file, a compiler-generated file that


    references all the resources found in your project. You should not
    modify this file.
    • assets — This folder contains all the assets used by your application, such
    as HTML, text files, databases, etc.

    • res — This folder contains all the resources used in your application. It
    also contains a few other subfolders:

    • drawable - <resolution>: All the image files to be used by the Android


    application must be stored here.

    • layout - contains activity_main.xml file, which the is GUI of the application.

    • values - contains files like strings.xml, styles.xml that are need for storing
    the string variables used in the applications, creating style-sheets etc.
    • AndroidManifest.xml — This is the manifest file for your
    Android application. Here you specify the permissions needed
    by your application, as well as other features for example
    sending messages and email
    U S IN G T H E T E X T V IE WC O N T R O L

    • TEXTVIEW control are the View components which are used to design the user
    interface of an application

    • we have a wide variety of UI or input controls available, those are TextView, EditText,
    Buttons, Checkbox, Progressbar, Spinners, etc.

    • In android, Text View is a user interface control which is used to set and display the text
    to the user based on our requirements.

    • The TextView control will act as like label control and it won’t allow users to edit the
    text.

    • Example of TextView control usage would be to display textual labels for other controls,
    like "Enter a Date:", "Enter a Name:" or "Enter a Password:".
    Specific attributes of Text View controls you will want to be aware of:

    Give the TextView control a unique name using the id

    property

    Set the text displayed within the TextView control using the

    text property using setText() method.

    Set the layout height and layout width properties of the

    control as appropriate.
    • By default, text contents of a TextView control are left-aligned. However, you
    can position the text using the gravity attribute
    android: gravity="center”

    • Set any other attributes you desire to adjust the control’s appearance. For
    example, adjust the text size, color, font or other style settings.

    android:textColor="#ff0000”

    android:textStyle="bold"

    android:typeface="monospace"
    • By default, any text contents within a TextView control is displayed as
    plain text. However, by setting one simple attribute called autoLink,
    all you can enable automatic detection of web, email, phone and
    address information within the text. In XML, this property would
    appear within your TextView control as:

    • android:autoLink="all"

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