J D college of Engineering & Management

An Autonomous College , Affiliated with DBATU, Lonere

TOPIC:- TOPOLOGY
 MEMBERS NAME :-
1) Greshi Ramteke - CS06
2) Janvi Akhand - CS07
3) Jinal Dhrangharia - CS08
4) Juhi Chandankhede - CS09
5) Kajal Khandekar - CS10

Guided by :-
PROF. GAJANAN WANKHEDE SIR
 TABLE OF CONTENT
• What is Network Topology ?

• Types of Network Topology

• Bus Topology- Advantages & disadvantages

• Ring Topology- Advantages & disadvantages

• Star Topology- Advantages & disadvantages

• Tree Topology- Advantages & disadvantages

• Mesh Topology- Advantages & disadvantages

• Conclusion
 WHAT IS NETWORK TECHNOLOGY
?
A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes
and connections in a network. Nodes usually include devices such as
switches, routers and software with switch and router features.
Network topologies are often represented as a graph.
  TYPES OF
NETWORK
TECHNOLOGIE
S:-

There are basically five types of network

topologies:-

1. Bus topology

2. Ring topology

3. Star topology

4. Tree topology

5. Mesh topology
  BUS TOPOLOGY
 The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a

single cable known as a backbone cable.

 Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly connected to

the backbone cable.

 When a node wants to send a message over the network, it puts a message over the network.

All the stations available in the network will receive the message whether it has been

addressed or not.

 The bus topology is mainly used in 802.3 (ethernet) and 802.4 standard networks.

 The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler as compared to other topologies.

 The backbone cable is considered as a "single lane" through which the message is broadcast

to all the stations.

 The most common access method of the bus topologies is CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple

Access).
  Advantages & Disadvantages of Bus
Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Low-cost cable: In bus topology, nodes are directly connected to  Extensive cabling: A bus topology is quite simpler, but still it requires a

the cable without passing through a hub. Therefore, the initial cost lot of cabling.

of installation is low.  Difficult troubleshooting: It requires specialized test equipment to

 Moderate data speeds: Coaxial or twisted pair cables are mainly determine the cable faults. If any fault occurs in the cable, then it would

used in bus-based networks that support upto 10 Mbps. disrupt the communication for all the nodes.

 Signal interference: If two nodes send the messages simultaneously,

 Familiar technology: Bus topology is a familiar technology as the
then the signals of both the nodes collide with each other.
installation and troubleshooting techniques are well known, and

hardware components are easily available.  Reconfiguration difficult: Adding new devices to the network would

slow down the network.

 Limited failure: A failure in one node will not have any effect on
 Attenuation: Attenuation is a loss of signal leads to communication
other nodes.
  RING TOPOLOGY
 Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends.
 The node that receives the message from the previous computer will
retransmit to the next node.
 The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.
 The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop.
 It has no terminated ends, i.e., each node is connected to other node
and having no termination point.
 The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise direction.
 The most common access method of the ring topology is token passing.
 Token passing: It is a network access method in which token is
passed from one node to another node.
 Token: It is a frame that circulates around the network.
  Advantages & Disadvantages of Ring
topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 Network Management: Faulty devices can be removed from  Difficult troubleshooting: It requires specialized test equipment to

the network without bringing the network down. determine the cable faults. If any fault occurs in the cable, then it

would disrupt the communication for all the nodes.

 Product availability: Many hardware and software tools for
 Failure: The breakdown in one station leads to the failure of the
network operation and monitoring are available.
overall network.
 Cost: Twisted pair cabling is inexpensive and easily available.
 Reconfiguration difficult: Adding new devices to the network
Therefore, the installation cost is very low.
would slow down the network.
 Reliable: It is a more reliable network because the  Delay: Communication delay is directly proportional to the
communication system is not dependent on the single host number of nodes. Adding new devices increases the
computer communication delay.
  STAR TOPOLOGY
 Star topology is an arrangement of the network in which every node is
connected to the central hub, switch or a central computer.
 The central computer is known as a server, and the peripheral devices
attached to the server are known as clients.
 Coaxial cable or RJ-45 cables are used to connect the computers.
 Hubs or Switches are mainly used as connection devices in a physical star
topology.
 Star topology is the most popular topology in network implementation.
  Advantages & Disadvantages of Star
topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Efficient troubleshooting: Troubleshooting is quite efficient in a star topology as compared

to bus topology. In a bus topology, the manager has to inspect the kilometers of cable. In a
 A Central point of failure: If the central hub
star topology, all the stations are connected to the centralized network. Therefore, the

network administrator has to go to the single station to troubleshoot the problem. or switch goes down, then all the connected
• Network control: Complex network control features can be easily implemented in the star
nodes will not be able to communicate with
topology. Any changes made in the star topology are automatically accommodated.

• Limited failure: As each station is connected to the central hub with its own cable, therefore each other.
failure in one cable will not affect the entire network.

• Easily expandable: It is easily expandable as new stations can be added to the open ports on  Cable: Sometimes cable routing becomes
the hub.
difficult when a significant amount of
• Cost effective: Star topology networks are cost-effective as it uses inexpensive coaxial cable.

• High data speeds: It supports a bandwidth of app. 100Mbps. Ethernet 100BaseT is one of routing is required.
the most popular Star topology networks
  TREE TOPOLOGY
 Tree topology combines the characteristics of bus topology
and star topology.

 A tree topology is a type of structure in which all the

computers are connected with each other in hierarchical
fashion.

 The top-most node in tree topology is known as a root node,

and all other nodes are the descendants of the root node.

 There is only one path exists between two nodes for the
data transmission. Thus, it forms a parent-child hierarchy.
  Advantages & Disadvantages of Tree
Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 Support for broadband transmission: Tree topology is mainly used to provide

 Difficult troubleshooting: If any fault occurs in the node,
broadband transmission, i.e., signals are sent over long distances without
then it becomes difficult to troubleshoot the problem.
being attenuated.
 High cost: Devices required for broadband transmission are
 Easily manageable: In tree topology, the whole network is divided into
very costly.
segments known as star networks which can be easily managed and

maintained.  Failure: A tree topology mainly relies on main bus cable and

 Error detection: Error detection and error correction are very easy in a tree failure in main bus cable will damage the overall network.

topology.  Reconfiguration difficult: If new devices are added, then it

 Limited failure: The breakdown in one station does not affect the entire becomes difficult to reconfigure.
network.

 Point-to-point wiring: It has point-to-point wiring for individual segments.

  MESH TOPOLOGY
 Mesh technology is an arrangement of the network in which computers are

interconnected with each other through various redundant connections.

 There are multiple paths from one computer to another computer.

 It does not contain the switch, hub or any central computer which acts as a central

point of communication.

 The Internet is an example of the mesh topology.

 Mesh topology is mainly used for WAN implementations where communication failures

are a critical concern.

 Mesh topology is mainly used for wireless networks.

 Mesh topology can be formed by using the formula:

Number of cables = (n*(n-1))/2;

 Where n is the number of nodes that represents the network.

  Advantages & Disadvantages of Mesh
Topology
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

 Cost: A mesh topology contains a large number of connected

 Reliable: The mesh topology networks are very
devices such as a router and more transmission media than
reliable as if any link breakdown will not affect the other topologies.
communication between connected computers.  Management: Mesh topology networks are very large and very

 Fast Communication: Communication is very fast difficult to maintain and manage. If the network is not
monitored carefully, then the communication link failure goes
between the nodes.
undetected.
 Easier Reconfiguration: Adding new devices  Efficiency: In this topology, redundant connections are high that

would not disrupt the communication between reduces the efficiency of the network.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, understanding the different network topologies and their key characteristics is essential for
designing and implementing efficient and reliable computer networks. Each topology has its own
strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of the most appropriate topology will depend on the specific
requirements and constraints of your network environment.
THANK YOU