What is a UPS?

A UPS is a device that Provides backup power when utility power

fails, either long enough for critical equipment to shut down
gracefully so that no data is lost, or long enough to keep required
loads operational until a generator comes online.

•What are the main types of UPS?

•UPSs come in three major varieties, which are also known as topologies:
• Single-conversion systems - In normal operation, these feed incoming utility AC
power to IT equipment. If the AC input supply falls out of predefined limits, the UPS
utilizes its inverter to draw current from the battery, and also disconnects the AC input
supply to prevent back feed from the inverter to the utility. The UPS stays on battery
power until the AC input returns to normal tolerances or the battery runs out of power,
whichever happens first. Two of the most popular
• Standby UPSs - allow IT equipment to run off utility power until the UPS detects a problem, at
which point it switches to
•battery power. Some standby UPS designs incorporate transformers or other devices to provide
limited power Some standby UPS designs incorporate transformers or other devices to provide
limited power conditioning as well.

•Line-interactive UPSs- regulate input utility voltage up or down as necessary before allowing it to pass
through to protected equipment. However, like standby UPSs, they use their battery to guard
against
Line Interactive UPS internal design
Double-conversion systems - As the name suggests, these devices convert power
twice. First, an input rectifier converts AC power into DC and feeds it to an output
inverter. The output inverter then processes the power back to AC before sending it on
to IT equipment. This double-conversion process isolates critical loads from raw utility
power completely, ensuring that IT equipment receives only clean, reliable electricity. In
normal operation, a double-conversion UPS continually processes power twice. If the
AC input supply falls out of predefined limits, however, the input rectifier shuts off
and the output inverter begins drawing power from the battery instead.
The UPS continues to utilize battery power until the AC input returns to normal
tolerances or the battery runs in case of a severe overload of the inverter, or a failure of
the rectifier or inverter, the static switch bypass path is turned on quickly, to support the
output loads.

.
Double Conversion UPS internal design
M ulti-mode systems - These combine features of both single- and
double-conversion technologies while providing substantial
improvements in both efficiency and reliability.

Multi-mode UPS internal design

2.Batteries UPS
There are three main types of batteries used in
uninterruptible power supplies: Nickel-
Cadmium, Lead-Acid, and Lithium-Ion.

Lead-Acid batteries have a proven track record for reliability

when used in an uninterruptible power supply system. In
large power applications, where weight isn’t the overriding
concern, they provide the most economical choice.
This cost-effectiveness is combined with other performance
qualities such as low internal impedance and high tolerance.
Lead-Acid batteries come in two different types:

 Valve Regulated (VRLA)

Also known as Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA), this is the most
common type found in modern UPS systems. They typically
come with a 5 or 10-year design life and are best stored in a
dry, climate-controlled room at a temperature of 20-25°C.
VRLA batteries are sealed inside a case which has a valve that vents to
release gas if internal pressure gets too much, hence the term “valve
regulated”.
Because they are sealed, they can be mounted either vertically or
horizontally, so are suitable for use within battery compartments, rack
mount trays or external cabinets. In addition, they don’t need any direct
maintenance such as being regularly topped up with water.
There are two main types of electrolyte composition used in a VRLA UPS
battery: Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM), where the electrolyte is held in a
porous microfiber glass separator; and Gel, which is made from a mix of
sulfuric acid and silica.
AGM technology is the norm for UPS batteries because of its lower cost,
lower internal resistance, and higher charge/discharge rates.
By comparison, Gel-filled VRLA has a higher internal resistance, which
makes it less suitable for high-rate discharging common with UPS
applications. It does offer advantages in terms of a wider operating
temperature range (-40°C to +55°C) and extended design life.
  Open Vented (VLA)
Also known as Flooded, these batteries have plates that are flooded with electrolyte
acid. They have a long design life (up to 20 years) and are typically used in large
installations needing a high ampere-hour (Ah) rating.
 2.1 UPS and batteries safety
2.1.Batteries safety
 Do not put the batteries near to fire, Explosion hazard.
• Do not touch the terminals of the batteries (specially after two or
connected
 All installation tools should be adequately insulated/covered with vinyl electrical tape,
or suitable non conducting material to minimize possibility of shorting across
connections.
 Multi-battery systems attain high voltages therefore extreme caution must be
exercised during installation of a battery system to prevent serious electrical burns or
shock.
 Batteries contain sulfuric acid, which can cause burns and other serious injuries. In
the event of contact with sulfuric acid, flush immediately and thoroughly with water.
 Disconnect the DC circuits from the charging equipment & load before working on
batteries. Ensure that the personnel who stand the risk of working with batteries are
prepared and equipped to take the necessary safety precautions
 2.2. Inspection of the Batteries
Inspect to ensure that the UPS is whole and that it has not been crushed or
dented. Any dents seen mean that it has suffered knocks, which could
compromise the normal operation of the device.
 2.3 Battery Installation

•Batteries are connected in series to increase batter y voltage

•Batteries are connected in parallel to battery capacity .

•Batteries are connected both in series parallel to get desired voltage and capacity

•.check the batteries arrangement in their rack or battery cabinet.

•Put the opposite terminal of the batteries closer to each other.

•Batteries can be connected in series to achieve whatever voltage is required (add the number of 2 volt
cells), and in parallel to achieve the capacity required (add the capacities of each parallel battery or string of
batteries).

•For larger systems, a number of series connected strings may be connected in parallel with each other.
This achieves both a higher voltage and capacity.

•Batteries are electrically live at all times, take great care never to short circuit the battery terminals.
3. Operation of UPS
.
3.1. LED FUNCTION
3.2. LCD DISPLAY FUNCTION
4.3. Turn ON/OFF operations
Operation
The 10KVA – 160KVA UPS are made up of input switch, filter, rectifier, inverter,
static switch, bypass switch, output transformer and batteries, etc. when the AC
input is normal, the AC power will be converted into DC power by rectifier to
supply power for inverter, and charge the batteries with enough power to supply
pour power for load without transfer time when mains disconnect.
Operating principle of single-unit
5.1 Work Mode
Mains mode
When mains normal, the rectifier will convert the AC power into DC power to
charge
battery and supply power for inverter to provide pure AC for load.

Battery mode
When mains abnormal or rectifier stops working, the batteries connected with
DC.BUS
will supply power for inverter and the AC output will not interrupt.

Bypass mode
When the inverter abnormal (such as over-temperature, short circuit, output
voltage
abnormal or overload and exceed the range that the inverter can withstand), the
inverter
will shut down automatically to avoid damage. If the mains still normal at this
moment, bypass power will instead of mains power to supply power for load by static
switch.
Maintenance bypass mode
When the UPS needs to be maintained or the battery needs to be replaced and at the
same
time, the power supply for load cannot be interrupted, shut down the UPS
firstly, then
switch on the maintenance bypass switch and then switch off the switches of
mains, bypass, output and external battery cabinet. During switching to
maintenance bypass manually, AC power supplies power for load through
maintenance bypass switch. Meanwhile, there is no electricity inside UPS (except
N), and maintainer can carry out the maintenance safely.
Operation panel of Three-Phase (10kVA -30kVA) series UPS
operation panel of Three-Phase (40kVA -160kVA) series
UPS
Menu Hierarchy
In the monitoring page, it shows the topological structure of UPS. The
icon meaning is as follows:

Bypass input information. When bypass input voltage or frequency abnormal,

the red icon will be ON.
 : Mains
input information . When mains input voltage or frequency
abnormal, the icon will be ON show.

Battery information on. When battery abnormal, the icon will

be on and show

Rectifier/inverter information . When rectifier/inverter abnormal,

the icon will be on

: Output information . When output is overload or under-voltage,

the icon will be on and show
Working Status
There are five main working statuses: without energy transmission status, mains
inverting status, battery inverting status, bypass output status and maintenance
bypass output status. The corresponding water lights in the monitoring page.
Other statuses have corresponding water light, such as when bypass outputs,
rectifier charges battery ..

status Without energy transmission

Status Mains inverting
Battery inverting status
Bypass output status
Bypass output status
status Maintenance bypass output
Bypass Information
In the monitoring page, click icon and it will enter bypass information page
It shows phase
voltage, line voltage, frequency. If setting the delayed start bypass, it
will show "Delayed start bypass in progress.
Battery Information

In the monitoring page, click icon and it will enter battery information on page. When
battery is discharging, it shows discharge current. When battery is equalizing charging or
float charging, it will show charge current. Besides, the page also shows battery
temperature, battery remaining me and battery status. If it exists battery under-voltage
alarm and the battery remaining me is less than 10 minutes, the battery remaining me
shows battery is going to run out and turn off.
Battery status shows current battery e status. It includes discharging,
equalizing charge, flow charge, standard test, depth test and battery loop
abnormal.

Output information

In the monitoring page, click, icon and it will enter output information page. It shows
phase voltage and load capacity
Warning Information

When UPS is working, if UPS failure, it will pop up the abnormal information on
window. After closing
the window, if you want to view the abnormal information again, click icon on the
top right corner of monitoring page.
There is buzzer icon on the top right corner
Buzzer status

Working Status
In the information management page, click Working Status icon and it will
enter the working status page. It shows mains status, bypass status, battery
status, load status, fan status, AC/DC status, DC/A status, etc.
Working status page

Event Log
In the information management page, click Event Log icon and it will
enter the event log page. It shows history alarm, fault, bypass open,
startup, etc.

Event log
Maintenance
Check Electrical Connection
 Don't regard ON/OFF button on the UPS panel as the power switch of load.
Don't start UPS frequently.
 When UPS works steadily, it can turn on load. Some devices generate large
current when startup, and may lead to overload protection . It is better to
start them first. Start the high-power devices first and then the small-power
devices. If you want to close UPS, turn off the load first.
 Before starting UPS for the first me, perform checking before power on. If it
is ok, power on UPS. If UPS hasn’t been used for a long me, it need to
perform checking before power on.
UPS Announcements
 Before starting UPS, check whether load is proper. The load
capacity shouldn't exceed rated output capacity of UPS to avoid
overload protection .
 Don't regard ON/OFF button n the UPS panel as the power switch of load. Don't
start UPS frequently.
 When UPS works steadily, it can turn on load. Some devices generate large
current when startup, and may lead to overload protection . It is better to start
them first. Start the high-power devices first and then the small-power devices.
If you want to close UPS, turn off the load first.
 Before starting UPS for the first me, perform checking before power on. If it is
ok, power on UPS. If UPS hasn’t been used for a long me, it need to perform
checking before power on.
Start UPS
Step 1 Switch on bypass switch.
Power board starts working and touch screen begins initializing. About
10s later, the initialization on is finished, the panel and LED works normally.

Step 2 Switch on mains switch

If mains input is normal, recti fier indicator will be

on. About 15s later, the DC voltage has been
completely established
Step 3 Switch on external battery cabinet switch.
Before switching on external battery cabinet switch, the bus voltage should be higher
than the rated DC input voltage.
After finishing star rectifier, ensure the float charging/ equalized charging voltage
match with practical battery parameters.

Step 4 Start inverter system.

When power on, press and hold ON combination button , the green indicator is
on. 30s later, finish starting inverter. Check whether the output voltage is the
required voltage value.
Before switching on external battery cabinet switch, the bus voltage should be higher
than the rated DC input voltage.
After finishing starting rectifier, ensure the float charging/ equalized charging
voltage setting match with practical battery parameters.

Step 4 Start inverter system.

When power on, press and hold ON combination button , the green indicator
is on. 30s later, finish starting inverter. Check whether the output voltage is the
required voltage value.

Step 5 Switch on output switch.

Start Load
Step 1 Observe indicators on the panel to judge working status of UPS. If indicator
shows UPS works in the mains inverting status or battery inverting status, it can supply
power for load.
Step 2 If UPS has worked without load for about 10 minutes, start load with the
sequence that is "high power device → small power device".

Some devices (e.g. motor type load) generate large current when startup, and may lead
to overload protection (or on bypass). It is better to start them first.
 Close UPS
Before closing UPS, close load first and keep UPS working without load for 10
minutes to exhaust heat.

Step 1 Turn off inverter.

Press "OFF" combination button to turn off inverter and the green indicator is off. The
bypass power instead of the inverter supplies power for load by static switch
automatically.

Step 2 Switch off external battery cabinet switch

If all power of UPS should be closed, please

switch off external battery cabinet switch.

Step 3 Switch off mains switch.

After switching off mains switch, the rectifier will not supply DC power
for DC BUS from AC mains.

The DC BUS will discharge slowly. 10 minutes later, it will discharge

completely.
Step 4 Switch off bypass switch

Before switching off bypass switch, it must ensure the output load

aren't working. Otherwise, the output will have no electricity,
which will lead to the user device power down.

Step 5
When the touch screen and LED are off, switch off output switch
(output), UPS will power down

completely.

The connected equipment is powered by the inverter, which receives the

necessary energy from the mains through the rectifier.

The RECTIFIER charges the battery at the same me. On the control panel the
green LEDS MAINS and OUTPUT is lit for normal opera on.
Transfer From UPS Status to Maintenance Bypass Status
Don't switch on output switch when UPS is on the maintenance bypass status

Step 1Transfer from UPS status to maintenance bypass status.

Step 2
Press the "OFF" combination button, the green indicator is
green
off and the indicator is on. The UPS works on the bypass
status.

Step 3 indicator is on. The UPS works on the bypass status

Before switching on maintenance bypass switch, check whether inverter is

turned off. If OK, switch on the maintenance bypass switch. UPS will long
buzz and touch screen will show "maintenance bypass open".

Switch off mains switch, bypass switch, output switch and external battery
cabinet switch.
When the
panel powers down about 10 minutes, it can do the
maintenance.
 Transfer From Maintenance Bypass Status to UPS Status

Step 1 Switch on bypass switch and output switch.

Switch on mains switch, the works normally green indicator will be on. About 10s
later, the rectifier

Before switching on external bat t e r y cabinet switch, the bus

voltage should be higher than the rated DC input voltage.

Step 2 When green indicator is on, switch off maintenance bypass switch.

Step 3 The " maintenance bypass is open " prompting on the panel will
disappear and the UPS will stop long buzzing.
Step 4 Press "ON" combination button , he green light is on and the inverter
starts. About 30s
Step 5 later, finish starting inverter and UPS works normally.
Preventive Maintenance
Action Check list Interval
Maintain The Temperature Of The Ups Room. Daily (every 24Hr)
Keep the ups room clean (dust free). Always

Keep watching the fans operation for proper Daily (every 24Hr)
function of ups
Check on display if in and out light (led) are Always
glowing. Both led should
Check on display if batt and out light (led) Daily (every 24Hr)
are glowing. Both led
should glow when UPS is on battery mode
If buzzer sounds in ups check the display of ups. Always

Ensure that the air intake slots (located on the front Weekly
door and at the
back of the cabinet) and the output grilles located
on the top of the cabinet are clean;

Perform a battery test with the display panel. Weekly

Check if the wiring terminals in the input and output are Every three month
connected
well
Clean battery shells with dry towel or cloth. Oil and organic weekly
solvents,
such as petrol and diluents are prohibited.
Charge and discharge the battery once every four to six Six months
months, and
the charging time should be no less than four hours.

Charge and discharge battery once every four to six months, and Six months
the
charging time should be no less than four hours.
check whether battery cables are properly connected Six months
Trouble shooting
10KVA – 160KVA UPS
N Abnormal phenomena Fault diagnosis and checking Solu on
o. items
Check if mains switch is switched
on and —
fuse is OK.
Check if the range of mains check input voltag using
voltage is e
1 red indicator is on. normal.
Change the phase
sequence of
Check if the phase of AC input is mains input wire of rec fier.
wrong.
The rectifier doesn't start
completely. The
buzzer beeps continuously and ba
2
The inverter can't giveery low-voltage indicator is on. Ba Wait the rectifier starting
output normally and the ttery input switch is not switched and buzzer beeping will be
buzzer beeps on. removed.
continuously
Output is overload. The red

indicator is on . Reduce load.

 When mains powers Check if ba ery input switch is
3 down, UPS switched on
Switch on ba ery switch.
halts and has no output. and ba ery circuit is abnormal.

Check whether bypass/ mains

switch is
Maintain by professionals.
switched on and power board
4 Touch screen and LED failure.
are off. Whether the power switches
are on ON
Switch on the power
status. switches.
Find the short-circuit point,
turn off
red Check if load is short-circuited.
inverter, and then restart
5 inverter.
indicator is on, and
Check if the input mains is power When mains is normal,
buzzer beeps con down and self-start
nuously. ba ery has under-voltage protec UPS.
on.
6 indicator is on. Output is overload. Reduce load.

When UPS powers on Check if the SCRdriveboard

7 normally, it of
Maintain by professionals.
can't output normally. bypass/inverter failure.
The connection position of Connect the
communication wire is wrong. communication wire
correctly.
The communication software Install
isn't successful communication
installed. software
correctly.
8 Communication
abnormal The computer communication Properly set the
window setting communication
is wrong. port.
Above problems are all
eliminated, but it still
Maintain by professionals.
cannot communicate normally.
 Date:
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST – UPS Revision # 0
(Uninterruptable
Power System) 10KVA – 160KVA Revised on

Frequency

Comment
s
Sub-
Divisio Categor Ac vi es

6 months
n

Monthly
Weekly
y

Yearly
daily
Visually check for liquid contamina X
1 on from
ba eries and capacitors
Inspec on of electronic circuits and X
2 control
cards
3 Check of output frequency X
Electrical

4 Visual inspec on of grounding X

 Test UPS transfer switches, circuit X
6 breakers
and maintenance bypasses.
Clean and vacuum X
7 UPS equipment
enclosures.
Inspec on and monitoring of X
8 system’s
alarms and LEDs
Check and measure of voltage X
9 reading of
(input/output)

Check and measure of current X

10 reading of
(input/output)

Inspec on of loads normal distribu X

11 on per
phase
 Off-line shells with dry towel or cloth. X
12 Oil and organic solvents, such as petrol
and
load test the UPS system to ensure
that the system is completely func
onal.

Check HVAC equipment and X

13 performance
related to temperature and humidity

Clean battery X
14
 Charge and discharge ba ery once every X
four to six months, and the charging me
15 should be no less than four hours.

Check if the wiring terminals in the input X

16 and output are connected well

Perform a ba ery test with the display X

17 panel.

Ensure that the air intake slots (located on X

the front door and at the back of the cabinet)
18
and the output grilles located on the top of
the cabinet are clean;
Keep watching the fans opera on for X
19 proper func on of ups

Check on display if in and out light (led) are X

glowing. Both led should glow when ups is
20
normal.
THANK YOU!!