States of Matter

STATES OF
MATTER
STATES OF MATTER
• The Four States of Matter
• Four States
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
STATES OF MATTER
Based upon particle

arrangement.
Based upon energy of particles.
Based upon distance between
particles
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in
continual random motion.
Democritus 460 BC
• Greek Philosopher
• Suggested world
was made of two things –

empty space and “atomos”
“Atomos” – Greek word for
uncuttable
• 2 Main ideas
•Atoms are the smallest
possible particle of matter
Democritus 460 BC
• Democritus proposed that all

things are composed of the
“atomos” or the fundamental,
indivisible particles, atoms.
• atoms cannot be destroyed, atoms
are separated by the void or empty
space, atoms are in constant
motion, and undergo constant
change through the void.
• He credited with proposing the
idea of the atom as an indivisible
particle. When you divide matter
into smaller and smaller pieces,
eventually, you reach an
indivisible particle, the atom.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLIDS
•Particles of solids are
tightly packed, vibrating
about a fixed position.
•Solids have a definite

shape and a definite
volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
 Particles of liquids are
tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to
slide over one
another.
 Liquids have an
indefinite shape and a
definite volume. Heat
STATES OF MATTER
GAS
 Particles of gases
are very far apart
and move freely.
 Gases have an
indefinite shape
and an indefinite
volume.
Heat
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Term for Phase Heat Movement During
Phase Change Change Phase Change
Heat goes into

Solid to Melting the solid as it
liquid melts.
Heat leaves the
Liquid to
Freezing liquid as it
solid
freezes.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Term for Phase Heat Movement During
Phase Change Change Phase Change
Vaporization,
Liquid to which includes Heat goes into the
gas boiling and liquid as it vaporizes.
evaporation
Heat leaves the gas
Gas to liquid Condensation
as it condenses.
Heat goes into the
Solid to gas Sublimation
solid as it sublimates.
But what happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?
STATES OF MATTER
PLASMA
 A plasma is an
ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
 Plasmas, like gases •
Plasma is the
have an indefinite
shape and an common state
indefinite volume. of matter
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in Close together Well separated Has no definite

a regular pattern with no regular with no regular volume or shape
Vibrate, but do not arrangement. arrangement. and is composed
move from place Vibrate, move Vibrate and move of electrical
to place about, and slide freely at high charged particles
past each other speeds
Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state
Create a comic strip that compares and contrast the
properties of solids, liquids, and gases and plasma also
the phase changes that occur to change matter from
one form to another.
Your cartoon should include the following:

● A main character or characters (this would be an
atom or atoms on the molecular level).
● A substance that will change into all three states of matter
through the cartoon. You must show and explain how this
substance changes into all three forms (for example: water
changes states by adding and removing heat, so explain what is
happening to add and remove heat to change states.)
● Include descriptions and names of the types of phase changes
that occur in your cartoon (for example: sublimation or
condensation).
● You must show that you understand the
similarities and differences between the three
states of matter with your pictures. (If you are
drawing a cartoon on the molecular level make
sure you are draw the atoms how they would
look in each state of matter, if you are drawing
on the macro-level make sure you are drawing
a molecular level picture off to the side of the
object when it changes states.)
● Your comic must be at least nine frames and
at least six of the frames must include text.
● Your final comic must be colored and neat.
 Differentiate physical from a chemical
change.
 Relate physical and chemical change
to the phase changes that happens in
a matter.
 appreciate the real-life application of
chemical change and physical
changes on the phases of matter.
Physical change
• Changing the state of a pure substance
between solid, liquid, or gas phase is a
physical changes since the identity of the
matter does not change.
• A physical change involves changes in
physical properties, but not chemical
properties.
• For example, physical properties change

during tempering steel, crystallization,
and melting.
Chemical change
How to Tell Whether It's a Physical
or Chemical Change?
•Gas is produced. In liquids, bubbles may form.

•An odor is produced.
•The substance changes color.
•Sound is produced.
•There is a temperature change. The surroundings
become either hot or cold.
•Light is produced.
•A precipitate forms.
•The change is difficult or possible to reverse.
Case 1: Emy prepared a snack for
his daughter before she goes to
school. After sending his daughter to
school she goes to the kitchen and
washed the dishes. Unfortunately,
she forgot to dry the bread knife and
reddish-brown spots appeared on it.
Case 2:Shane wants to prepare a food for
his classmate since they would visit their
house this saturday for their group project in
science. While waiting for his classmates
she decided to toast a piece of bread, but
forgot to check on it and it leaves in the
toaster for too long. The bread is black and
the kitchen is full of smoke.
Case 3:Louis is a happy kid, he
always get excited for New Year. He
always makesure to witness the
beautiful fireworks in the sky at night.
So early in the morning he ask her
mom to buy a fireworks .Then New
Year’s eve have come. In the
fireworks show, fireworks explode
giving heat and light.
Case 4: Elie and friends always want
to look at the window whenever they
have class to see students passing
by. Accidentally Elie wave from a
student outside and she bumped the
window of their classroom causing it
to break. What does it implies?

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STATES OF

Based upon particle

was made of two things –

• Democritus proposed that all

•Solids have a definite

Heat goes into

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Tightly packed, in Close together Well separated Has no definite

Your cartoon should include the following:

• For example, physical properties change

•Gas is produced. In liquids, bubbles may form.

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