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    Week 2 Key Concepts in Ethics 1

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    Janna Abbygale Dajon
    This document provides an overview of ethics and key concepts. It defines ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with morality and human conduct. It discusses important terms like morality, human acts, and importance of ethics in developing good moral character. It also defines and compares moral versus non-moral standards, and discusses different types of moral dilemmas at personal, organizational, and structural levels. The document emphasizes that only human beings can be ethical as they are rational and able to act morally or immorally. It concludes by listing references used.

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    Week 2 Key Concepts in Ethics 1

    Uploaded by

    Janna Abbygale Dajon
    71 views36 pages
    This document provides an overview of ethics and key concepts. It defines ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with morality and human conduct. It discusses important terms like morality, human acts, and importance of ethics in developing good moral character. It also defines and compares moral versus non-moral standards, and discusses different types of moral dilemmas at personal, organizational, and structural levels. The document emphasizes that only human beings can be ethical as they are rational and able to act morally or immorally. It concludes by listing references used.

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    This document provides an overview of ethics and key concepts. It defines ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with morality and human conduct. It discusses important terms like morality, human acts, and importance of ethics in developing good moral character. It also defines and compares moral versus non-moral standards, and discusses different types of moral dilemmas at personal, organizational, and structural levels. The document emphasizes that only human beings can be ethical as they are rational and able to act morally or immorally. It concludes by listing references used.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    71 views36 pages

    Week 2 Key Concepts in Ethics 1

    Uploaded by

    Janna Abbygale Dajon
    This document provides an overview of ethics and key concepts. It defines ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with morality and human conduct. It discusses important terms like morality, human acts, and importance of ethics in developing good moral character. It also defines and compares moral versus non-moral standards, and discusses different types of moral dilemmas at personal, organizational, and structural levels. The document emphasizes that only human beings can be ethical as they are rational and able to act morally or immorally. It concludes by listing references used.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    ITS KEY CONCEPT

    ETHICS
    • ETHICS is the branch of Philosophy that studies
    morality or the rightness or wrongness of human
    conduct.
    • The word ‘ethics’ is derived from the Greek word
    ethos, which means ‘character’ or in plural,
    ‘manners’.
    • MORALITY speaks of a code or system of behavior
    in regard to standards of right or wrong behavior.
    ETHICS: ITS DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE

    01 Did you ever wonder why people need to


    be good and avoid what is evil?

    02 Did it ever come to your mind why we


    need to be pleasing in our action?
    Do you think a person who gains money
    dishonestly is a success?
    DEFINITION OF ETHICS
    The book of Montemayor (1994) provides the following
    definitions of Ethics:
    1. Ethics is the practical science of the morality of human
    actions.
    2. Ethics is the science of human acts with reference to right
    and wrong.
    3. Ethics is the scientific inquiry into the principles of morality.
    4. Ethics is the study of the rectitude of human conduct.
    5. Ethics is the human conduct from the standpoint of morality.
    6. Ethics is the science which lays down the principles of right
    living.
    7. Ethics is the practical science that guides us in our actions that
    we may live rightly and well.
    8. Ethics is normative and practical science, based on reason,
    which studies human conduct and provides norm for its natural
    integrity and honesty.
    THREE IMPORTANT TERMS /
    •
    ASPECTS
    SCIENCE - study or a system of scientific conclusions clearly
    demonstrated, derived from clearly established principles and
    duly coordinated

    • MORALITY - the quality of human acts as right, wrong or


    indifferent, moral immoral or amoral.

    • HUMAN ACTS - acts done with knowledge, freedom and free


    will or consent.
    02
    IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
    Montemayor (1994) proclaims that the importance of
    the study of ethics follows immediately from the
    importance of ethics itself. His idea is manifested in the
    following:
    Ethics means right living and good moral character and it is
    in good moral character that man finds his true worth and
    perfection. All the great teachers of the ages maintain that the
    supreme purpose of human living lies not in the acquisition of
    material good or bodily pleasures, nor in the attainment of
    bodily perfections such as health and strength; nor even in the
    development of intellectual skills but in the development of the
    moral qualities which lift man far above brute creation.
    Education is the harmonious development of
    the whole man-of all man’s faculties: the moral,
    intellectual, and physical powers in man. Now
    then highest of man’s power are his reason and
    will. Hence, the primary objective of education is
    the moral development of the will.
    • Rules refers to explicit or understood regulations or
    principles governing conduct within a specific
    activity or sphere.
    Rules benefit social beings in various manners:

    1. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior.


    2. Rules help to guarantee each person certain right and
    freedom.
    3. Rules produce a sense of justice among social beings.
    4. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system.
    Have you been in a situation where
    you were chosen because you met
    the standards, or you were
    disregarded because you did not
    meet the standards?
    04
    It is important to note that different
    societies have different moral beliefs and that
    our beliefs are deeply influenced by our own
    culture and context. For this reason, some
    values do have moral implications, while
    others don’t.
    MORAL STANDARD AND IT CHARACTERISTICS

    • Moral Standards involve the rules people have


    about the kinds of actions they believe are
    morally right and wrong, as well as values they
    place on the kinds of objects, they believe are
    morally good and morally bad. Some ethicists
    equate moral standards with moral values and
    moral principles.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL STANDARDS
    1) Moral standards deal with matters we think can seriously injure or
    benefit humans, animals, and the environment, such as child abuse,
    rape, and murder;

    2) Moral standards are not established or changed by the decisions of


    authoritative individuals or bodies. Indeed, moral standards rest on
    the adequacy of the reasons that are taken to support and justify
    them. For sure, we don’t need a law to back up our moral conviction
    that killing innocent people is absolutely wrong;
    3) Moral standards are overriding, that is, they take
    precedence over other standards and considerations,
    especially of self-interest;

    4) Moral standards are based on impartial


    considerations. Hence, moral standards are fair and
    just;
    NON - MORAL STANDARD AND IT CHARACTERISTICS

    • Non - Moral Standards refer to standards by which we judge


    what is good or bad and right or wrong in a non-moral way.
    Examples of non-moral standards are standards of etiquette by
    which we judge manners as good or bad, standards we call the law
    by which we judge something as legal or illegal, and standards of
    aesthetics by which we judge art as good or rubbish. Hence, we
    should not confuse morality with etiquette, law, and aesthetics or
    even with religion.
    05 DILEMMA AND MORAL
    DILEMMA
    DILEMMA
    • DILEMMA refers to a situation in which a
    tough choice has to be made between 2 or
    more options, especially more or less equally
    undesirable ones.
    THREE LEVELS OF MORAL
    DILEMMA
    1. Personal Dilemmas are those
    experienced and resolved on the
    personal level.
    Example: A husband who had to choose between
    the life of his child who is about to be delivered
    by his wife.
    THREE LEVELS OF MORAL
    DILEMMA
    2. Organizational Dilemmas refer to ethical cases
    encountered and resolved by social organization. This
    category includes moral dilemmas in business, medical
    fields, public sector, etc.
    E xample: A doctor that had to administer euthanasia (mercy
    killing). The doctor would be conflicted on his professional oath
    of saving lives but then had to kill the patient.
    THREE LEVELS OF MORAL
    DILEMMA
    3. Structural Dilemmas refer to cases involving
    network of institutions and operative theoretical
    paradigms, this encompasses multi-sectoral
    institutions.
    Example: The President of a country who had to choose
    between allowing businesses to operate in order for the
    economy to recover to support those who are in need or
    continue the lockdown for people to be safe from the virus.
    06 ONLY HUMAN
    BEINGS CAN BE
    ETHICAL
    Oftentimes we experience
    something that test our being
    and often also we wonder
    whether we deserve to be the
    highest form of animal. we are
    as Aristotle say, “rational
    animals”. We are animals minus
    the rationality.
    • Only human beings are
    rational, autonomous,
    and self-conscious
    • Only human beings can
    act morally or immorally
    • Only human beings are
    part of the moral
    community
    REFERENCES:
    • Agapay, R. B.(1995, 2008) Ethics and the Filipino: A Manual on Morals for Students and Educators, 2ns
    ed. Manila: National Bookstore, Inc.
    • Ardales, V. B.(1987) Introductory Text to Philosophy. Quezon City: Great Books Trading, Inc.
    • Babor, E. R. (1999) Ethics: The Philosophical Discipline of Action, 1st ed. Manila, Philippines, Rex
    Book Store.
    • Cruz, C. C. (1995) Contemporary Ethics. Manila: National Bookstore, Inc.
    • De Guzman J.M et al. (2017). Ethics: Principles of Ethical Behavior in Modern Society. Malabon City:
    Mutya Publishing House, inc.
    • Dela Torre, J. (1993) Ethics: The man’s Tool for the Development of Sound Professional and Civil Life.
    Manila: Educational Publishing House, Inc. `
    • Dy Jr., M B. (1986) Philosophy of Man: Selected Readings. Manila: Goodwill Trading Co. Inc.
    • Glen, Paul J. (1965) Ethics, A Class Manual in Moral Philosophy, (reprint) Manila: National Bookstore.
    ____________. (1994) Contemporary Social Philosophy. Manila: Goodwill Trading Co. Inc.
    • Montemayor, F. M.(1994) Ethics: The Philosophy of Life. Manila, Philippines: National Book Store

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