EMAT-M-001 Basic Metallurgy, Metals and Processes

Basic Metallurgy,
Metals and Processes
EMAT 214 (Engineering Materials)

Metals
A metal (from Greek métallon, "mine,
quarry, metal") is a material that, when
freshly prepared, polished, or
fractured, shows a lustrous
appearance, and
conducts electricity and heat relatively
well.
Steel
• This is a highly versatile ship

construction material and is used
extensively on ships for the making
of its integral structure and parts.
• Steel has been in use for over 150
years in the shipbuilding industry,
thanks to its excellent mechanical
properties and low cost.
High Tensile Steel
High Tensile Steels

Steels which have higher strength than
that of mild steel are employed in the
more stressed regions of large
tankers, container ships and bulk
carriers. They are often used for the
deck and bottom regions of larger
tankers as well.
Aluminum Alloys
1. Aluminium is lighter than mild

steel and studies suggest that up
to 60 percent of the weight of a
steel structure can be saved by
using Al alloys.
2. 2. Aluminium is highly resistant to
corrosion
3. Its non-magnetic properties and
low-cost maintenance
Aluminum Alloys
These alloys are reliable in marine

service as well as during manufacture.
It has estimated that the selection of
Al-Mg (Aluminium-Magnesium) type
alloys brings a potential for at least
10% lower costs in respect of the heat-
treatable, and appears favourable after
a total estimation for applicability in
shipbuilding.
Material: Aluminum
Alloys
A major disadvantage of the use of
aluminium alloys is their high initial
cost (They are estimated to cost 8 to 10
times the price of steel per tonnage).
This high initial cost must be absorbed
by an increase in the earning capacity
of the vessel or a major increase in
passenger accommodation on the
same draft.
Copper Alloys
Engineering copper has good corrosion
resistance in the marine atmosphere and
seawater, showing very little pitting or crevice
corrosion, together with high resistance to
biofouling. Applications include seawater
piping, heat exchangers, fuel lines and nails.
When seawater conditions are polluted with
ammonia and sulphides, higher corrosion rates
or pitting can be experienced.
Copper Silicon
Copper–silicon has a long history of uses as screws,nuts,
bolts, washers, pins, lag bolts, and staples for wooden
sailing vessels in marine environments. The alloy is not
in high demand today for marine environments. The
alloys are often composed of copper, silicon and
manganese. The inclusion of silicon strengthens the
alloy.
Beryllium Copper
Beryllium copper has high corrosion resistance

and exceedingly good biofouling resistance,
though its manufacturing is limited these days
due to potential health effects of beryllium
fume and powder inhalation during
manufacturing. Nevertheless, in its age
hardened condition, beryllium copper attains
the highest strength and hardness of any
commercial copper-based alloy.
Material: Copper
Nickel
Due to their naturally occurring

resistance to seawater corrosion and
intrinsic biofouling properties copper-
nickel alloys have long been widely
used in the components of seawater
systems. From offshore oil and gas
platforms to power and desalination
plants and from commercial shipping
to naval shipping, copper-nickel
fittings have performed superbly in a
host of marine applications.
Nickel Aluminum
Bronze
Alloys of copper and aluminum are known as
aluminum bronze and, together with other alloying
additions, produce a range of properties that are
beneficial to a diverse range of industries. Of these,
the nickel aluminum bronze group of alloys is the
most widely used. They have been adapted with
time to optimize performance and can provide a
combination of properties that offer an economic
alternative to other types of alloy systems. Nickel
aluminum bronzes are available in both cast and
wrought product forms and have a unique
combination of properties including: excellent
wear and galling resistance, high strength and high
corrosion resistance.
References:
https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/what-
materials-are-used-for-building-ships/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
1559-3584.1955.tb03077.x
Next Topic:
Properties and
Uses of Metals

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Basic Metallurgy,

Metals and Processes

EMAT 214 (Engineering Materials)

• This is a highly versatile ship

High Tensile Steels

1. Aluminium is lighter than mild

These alloys are reliable in marine

Beryllium copper has high corrosion resistance

Due to their naturally occurring

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