Producation Technology of Capsicum

welcome
Module No. - H/HORT EL- 483

Protected Cultivation of High Value
Horticultural Crops
Presentation on –
Production Technology of capsicum
Presented by –
Talpade P.N.
Reg No. – CHP-077/2016
Introduction
• Capsicum (Capsicum annuuvarm. grossum) also known as bell
pepper or sweet pepper , leading vegetable grown in green houses
• It is rich in vitamin A, C and minerals
• Gaining popularity in peri-urban production systems because of easy

access to urban markets
• Yield gap between (field 20-40 t/ha) and (greenhouse 100-120

t/ha)
• Superior quality, substantial reduction in the use of pesticides and eco-
friendly proposition
• Mainly grown in HP, UP, MH, KA and hilly regions of TN

B.N. - Capsicum annum
Family - Solanaceae
Origin - Mexico
Chr. No. - 2n=24
Soil
• Red or sandy loam soil
• Soil with pH of 5.5-6.8 is ideal
• High acidic soil reclaimed by using lime
• Capsicum has bidirectional root system, so soil

should be loose
Climate
• Capsicum is a cool season crop and day temperature less
than 30°C is favourable
• Higher temperature results in rapid plant growth and affects

fruit set
• Ideal temperature for flowering is 26-28°C day and 16-18°C

night
• Shading is required during summer to avoid temperature

build up in the greenhouses and moderately high RH
(50-60%) is preferred
Hybrids
• Hybrids with indeterminate growth habit, as these hybrids

grow to a height of 2 m and above
• Commercial hybrids with a yield potential up to 100t/ha

and more are suitable for greenhouse cultivation.
• Capsicum fruits with Green, Yellow, Red, Orange and

recently Black colours are in great demand in urban
markets
Colours
SELECTION OF VARIETIES
• Thick fleshed best for roasting and cooking,
• thinner - suitable for eating as raw.
• Four lobbed peppers with square shapes are more suitable

• Green and violet are the strongest in flavour
• Yellow, red and orange coloured are milder and sweeter.
• Nun-3020 (Yellow), Nun-3019 (Red), Bharat, Mahabharat (both red),

Golden Summer (yellow), Bomby (red), Orobellee (yellow), Indira (red),
Heera (red) and Tanvi etc.
Planting of capsicum
Nursery and seedling raising Seedlings are raised in pro-trays
placed inside a net house or polyhouse to prevent from insect
infestation.
Vermicompost and sand @ 1:1 or well decomposed, nutrient

enriched and sterilized cocopeat is used as the growing medium for
nursery production.
 The pro-trays are initially filled with growing medium and

shallow depressions of about 0.5cm depth are made in each cell for
seeds sowing.
Each cell is sown with one seed and germination starts in 5-7
days of sowing. Seedlings may be sprayed with Acephate (0.75
ml/litre of water) to
Growing beds
• Digging loosens the soil, then clods are broken and soil is
brought to fine tilth
• Beds of 100 cm width and 15 cm height are prepared leaving

50 cm working space between the beds
• Well decomposed organic manure, at the rate of one bamboo

basket per square meter of the bed is added, mixed
thoroughly and the beds are levelled
• In heavy soils mixing sand up to 25% is required to

provide aeration at the root zone
Disinfecting the growing beds
• Beds are drenched using 4% formaldehyde (4 lit/m2) of the bed

and covered with polyethylene sheet
• Care should be taken to wear mask, gloves and apron to avoid

direct contact with formaldehyde fumes
• Four days after formaldehyde treatment, the polyethylene cover

removed, the beds are raked repeatedly every day
Laying of drip line
• Place one inline drip lateral at the centre of the bed
• Inline lateral having an emitting point for every

30 cm interval with discharge of 2 L/hr.
• Run drip system with water to check each emitting

points for uniform discharge of water
Transplanting
• Seedlings of 30-35 days old, vigorous and uniform sized are selected
• Early morning hours or preferably in the evening
• Capsicum seedlings are planted in the holes made in the polyethylene

mulch film so that the seedlings do not touch the film
• Watering the beds is done daily with a rose can till the seedlings get
established well
• Drenching with 0.3% COC if mortality of the seedlings is noticed

Irrigation
• Drip irrigation starts 10 days after transplanting
• Drip irrigation is given daily to supply 2-3 litres of water per

square meter per day depending on local weather condition
• Capsicum extract 70-80% of water used from a depth of

0-30 cm
• Bell pepper requires 110 cm of water (Hedge, 1993)

Fertigation
• Water soluble fertilizers supplying 19% each of N, P2O5 and
K2O is used at the rate of 2.25 g/m2 for every
fertigation, given twice a week
• Capsicum crop is sprayed with micronutrient formulation

(3g/l) 2-3 times once in 30 days starting from 60 days after
transplanting
• Capsicum is found to be susceptible to calcium deficiency
• The crop is fertigated 2-3 times with CaNO3 once in 15 days

if calcium deficiency is noticed
Cultivation of capsicum in polybags
Capsicum cultivation in net house
Capsicum cultivation in full controlled polyhouse
Intercultural operations:
Pruning
•At every node the tip splits into two giving rise to one
strong branch and one weak branch
•Only these four main branches are maintained till the end
of the crop.
•All the flowers that appear till one month after
transplanting are removed.
•Only one fruit per node is allowed to develop.
Pruning in capsicum
All the shoots appearing at the base of the plants are removed,
as they are not productive.
Training
• The plants are trained along a plastic twine. Each
branch should have a separate plastic twine to train along.
• The plastic twines are tied to the GI wire grid provided at 2.5
to 3.0 meter height and then to the base of the plant.
• Tying plants to the plastic twine starts from 6th week

after planting at 20 days interval.
Harvesting
• 60 days after transplanting - green,
• 80 to 90 - yellow and red fruited hybrids.
• continues up to 170 to 180 days at 10 days interval in green
• up to 240 to 270 days
• Mature green
• Yellow when it is 75% yellow
• Red when it is 100% red

Harvesting
• 60 days after transplanting - green,
• 80 to 90 - yellow and red fruited hybrids.
• continues up to 170 to 180 days at 10 days interval in green
• up to 240 to 270 days
• Mature green
• Yellow when it is 75% yellow
• Red when it is 100% red

Packing
Disorders
Flat fruits
• Caused by low temperature
• Night temperatures of around
18°C ensure an ideal seed set and
fruit shape
• Low-night temperatures decrease

pollen viability
• Modify flower structure making

self pollination less effective
• Bumblebees for pollination -help

greatly to improve fruit shape
Blossom end rot
• Excess of nitrogen
& water stress
• Water soaked area

near blossom end
• Later become light

brown and leathery
• Spraying of 2% CaCl 2
Pest and diseases
Diseases of capsicum under protected condition and their management
Disease Symptoms Control

Powdery mildew: Whitish patches appear on the Karathane (0.1%) Calixin (0.1%)
Laveill leaves, stem and rarely on Sulfex (0.3%)
ula taurica fruit.
Fungal Downy Mildew pale yellow areas on the upper Karathane (0.1%) Calixin (0.1%)
Peronospora tabacini sides of the leaves. On the contaf(0.05%),Rubigon(0.025%)
lower side of the leaf the
downy growth appears in cool
moist weather.
Bacterial diseases Which causes a soft slimy rot. *Hot water treatments, clean
a) Soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) Which forms a raised rough cultivation
b) Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas pimply area on the fruit, On *Streptomycin spray
versicatoria) the leaves, the spot is first
raised and wart like, and
becomes necrotic spots with
dark margins. The affected
leaves turn yellow and drop.
Viral diseases Yellowing, curling, mottling of Clean cultivation, vector control,

a)Leaf curl virus leaves and ultimately death of etc…
b) CMV plant is seen.
Fusarium wilt Yellowing of leaves, Wilting, coller COC drench, Carbendizim,
Fusarium rot, death of root Dithane M-45
oxysporum
Pests of capsicum under protected condition and their management
Pest Symptoms and damage Management

Thrips: serious during dry periods, Both Acephate (Starthane 75WP) 1.5g/ or
Scirtothrips dorsalis nymphs suck adult the sap from Imidacloprid (confidor)0.5ml/l
and developing leaves. Affected leaves
curl upwards along the margin and -Application of Neem cake 250 kg/ha
are reduced in size. to kill pupae
White or Damage is more in hot and humid Spray Abamectin (Vertimec) (0.5ml/l)
yellow mite: seasons and greenhouse (when or Dicofol (Kelthane) (2ml/l)
Polyphgotersonemus temperature is high). 4% (NSKE) in rotation.
latus
Aphids: Aphis Minute insects, colonies of aphids -Remove all the virus affected plants
gossypi, suck the sap from tender leaves and and destroy.
Myzus flower buds. -Spray Imidacloprid (Confidor)
persicae Aphids act as a vector for (0.5ml/l) or
transmitting mosaic virus disease Dimethoate (Rogor) 1 ml/l in
rotation
Fruit borer, This pest is not serious in greenhouse. Spray Nuclear PolyhedrosisVirus
Helicoverpa armigera (NPV) (Helicoverpa NPV)
250 LE/ha + teepol or any sticker1%
during evening to protect NPV from
UV rays
References
• Singh D.K and K.V. Peter. (2013). Protected Cultivation of
Horticultural crops. New India Publishing Agency. New
Delhi.
• Swain S.C. (2014). Precision Farming in Horticulture
Approaches and Strategies. Narendra Publishing House.
New Delhi.
• Selvakumar R. (2014). A textbook of Glaustas
Olericulture. New Vishal Publications. New Delhi
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welcome

Module No. - H/HORT EL- 483

• It is rich in vitamin A, C and minerals

• Gaining popularity in peri-urban production systems because of easy

• Yield gap between (field 20-40 t/ha) and (greenhouse 100-120

• Mainly grown in HP, UP, MH, KA and hilly regions of TN

• Soil with pH of 5.5-6.8 is ideal

• High acidic soil reclaimed by using lime

• Capsicum has bidirectional root system, so soil

• Higher temperature results in rapid plant growth and affects

• Ideal temperature for flowering is 26-28°C day and 16-18°C

• Shading is required during summer to avoid temperature

• Hybrids with indeterminate growth habit, as these hybrids

• Commercial hybrids with a yield potential up to 100t/ha

• Capsicum fruits with Green, Yellow, Red, Orange and

• Thick fleshed best for roasting and cooking,

• thinner - suitable for eating as raw.

• Four lobbed peppers with square shapes are more suitable

• Nun-3020 (Yellow), Nun-3019 (Red), Bharat, Mahabharat (both red),

Vermicompost and sand @ 1:1 or well decomposed, nutrient

 The pro-trays are initially filled with growing medium and

• Beds of 100 cm width and 15 cm height are prepared leaving

• Well decomposed organic manure, at the rate of one bamboo

• In heavy soils mixing sand up to 25% is required to

• Beds are drenched using 4% formaldehyde (4 lit/m2) of the bed

• Care should be taken to wear mask, gloves and apron to avoid

• Four days after formaldehyde treatment, the polyethylene cover

• Place one inline drip lateral at the centre of the bed

• Inline lateral having an emitting point for every

• Run drip system with water to check each emitting

• Early morning hours or preferably in the evening

• Capsicum seedlings are planted in the holes made in the polyethylene

• Drenching with 0.3% COC if mortality of the seedlings is noticed

• Drip irrigation starts 10 days after transplanting

• Drip irrigation is given daily to supply 2-3 litres of water per

• Capsicum extract 70-80% of water used from a depth of

• Bell pepper requires 110 cm of water (Hedge, 1993)

• Capsicum crop is sprayed with micronutrient formulation

• Capsicum is found to be susceptible to calcium deficiency

• The crop is fertigated 2-3 times with CaNO3 once in 15 days

• Tying plants to the plastic twine starts from 6th week

• 60 days after transplanting - green,

• 80 to 90 - yellow and red fruited hybrids.

• continues up to 170 to 180 days at 10 days interval in green

• up to 240 to 270 days

• Yellow when it is 75% yellow

• Red when it is 100% red

• 60 days after transplanting - green,

• 80 to 90 - yellow and red fruited hybrids.

• continues up to 170 to 180 days at 10 days interval in green

• up to 240 to 270 days

• Yellow when it is 75% yellow

• Red when it is 100% red

• Low-night temperatures decrease

• Modify flower structure making

• Bumblebees for pollination -help

• Water soaked area

• Later become light

Disease Symptoms Control