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    FMRI

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    FMRI uses magnetic resonance imaging to detect changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain in response to neural activity. This blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal allows FMRI to localize and measure brain activity with both high spatial and temporal resolution, though it can only indirectly measure neurotransmission. Some advantages of FMRI over PET include its ability to see brain activation patterns and structures at high resolution while presenting stimuli, but it cannot directly trace neurotransmission like PET. FMRI works by detecting small changes in the magnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin blood following neural activity.

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    FMRI

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    132 views10 pages
    FMRI uses magnetic resonance imaging to detect changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain in response to neural activity. This blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal allows FMRI to localize and measure brain activity with both high spatial and temporal resolution, though it can only indirectly measure neurotransmission. Some advantages of FMRI over PET include its ability to see brain activation patterns and structures at high resolution while presenting stimuli, but it cannot directly trace neurotransmission like PET. FMRI works by detecting small changes in the magnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin blood following neural activity.

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    A presentation discusses Functional Magnatic Resonance Imaging Technology.

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    FMRI uses magnetic resonance imaging to detect changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain in response to neural activity. This blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal allows FMRI to localize and measure brain activity with both high spatial and temporal resolution, though it can only indirectly measure neurotransmission. Some advantages of FMRI over PET include its ability to see brain activation patterns and structures at high resolution while presenting stimuli, but it cannot directly trace neurotransmission like PET. FMRI works by detecting small changes in the magnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin blood following neural activity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    132 views10 pages

    FMRI

    Uploaded by

    Pro father
    FMRI uses magnetic resonance imaging to detect changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain in response to neural activity. This blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal allows FMRI to localize and measure brain activity with both high spatial and temporal resolution, though it can only indirectly measure neurotransmission. Some advantages of FMRI over PET include its ability to see brain activation patterns and structures at high resolution while presenting stimuli, but it cannot directly trace neurotransmission like PET. FMRI works by detecting small changes in the magnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin blood following neural activity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    FMRI

    Further Readings
    • FMRIBC, University of oxford Ed: FMRI: Int.
    • Functional MRI: An Introduction to Methods, Peter Jezzard et all. 1-3 CHL.
    • FMRI: Basic and Clinical Applications, Stephen Ulmer et all.
    • MRI From A to Z: A Definate Guide for Medical Professionals, Gary Liney
    • Youtube has nice illustrative videos
    • http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/education/fmri/introduction-to-fmri/
    Introduction
    • A technique for measuring brain activity.
    • How? Detects the changes in blood
    oxygenation and flow that occur in response
    to neural activity
    Advantages & Disadvantages
    • Pros:
    1. Can see activation in addition to high res brain
    structures
    2. Scanners can be fitted to present stimuli
    3. Higher spatial and temporal resolution than PET
    • Cons:
    1. Cannot trace neurotransmission like PET
    2. Blood flow is, again, only an indirect correlate of
    brain activity
    MRI
    • MRI houses a very powerful electro-magnet.
    • Field strength of 3 teslas (T)
    • The magnetic field influence atomic nuclei
    • The stronger the field the greater the degree of alignment.
    • When pointing in the same direction, the tiny magnetic signals from
    individual nuclei add up coherently resulting in a signal that is large
    enough to measure.
    • In FMRI it is the magnetic signal from hydrogen nuclei in water (H 2O) that
    is detected
    • The key to MRI is that the signal from hydrogen nuclei varies in strength
    depending on the surroundings. This provides a means of discriminating
    between grey matter, white matter and cerebral spinal fluid in structural
    images of the brain.
    Measuring FMRI
    • Haemoglobin has oxygen, and increase neuronal activity
    increases demand for oxygen rendering in local increase of
    blood flow near the area of activity.
    • Haemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated but
    paramagnetic when deoxygenated.
    • Difference in magnetic properties leads to differences in MR
    signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation.
    • Since blood oxygenation varies according to the levels of
    neural activity these differences can be used to detect brain
    activity [blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging]
    One point to note is the direction of oxygenation change with increased
    activity. You might expect blood oxygenation to decrease with activation,
    but the reality is a little more complex.
    There is a momentary decrease in blood oxygenation immediately after
    neural activity increases, known as the “initial dip” in the haemodynamic
    response. This is followed by a period where the blood flow increases, not
    just to a level where oxygen demand is met, but overcompensating for the
    increased demand. This means the blood oxygenation actually increases
    following neural activation. The blood flow peaks after around 6 seconds
    and then falls back to baseline, often accompanied by a “post-stimulus
    undershoot”.

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