Sexually Transmitted Deseases

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DESEASES
Health Education HFT 201
Sophia Kol, MD
Introduction
• By having unprotected sex with multiple partners,
you put yourself at risk of contracting STD’s
• Prevalence from age 15-24
• The infection is roughly equal among young
men(49%) and young women (51%)

Male Vs. Female
Females esp. young girls are higher risk due to:
- more mucosal tissue exposed/trauma
- cervical immaturity and low level of IgA in their cervical

mucosa
- cervix area: columnar epithelium (later on will transfer to

squamous epith.)
Facts
• Women infected with STD’s suffer long term damage to health than men.
• With minimal or no symptoms: undiagnosed
• Untreated infections can lead to:
- chronic pelvic pain
- infertility/ectopic pregnancy
- perinatal infection, preterm baby
- increase risk for CA and acquisition of HIV

The Five P’s
• Partners
• Do you have sex with men, women, or both?
• Practices
• Have you had vaginal sex, meaning ‘penis in vaginal sex. If yes, “Do
you use condoms: never, sometimes, or always?”
• Prevention of Pregnancy
• What are you doing to prevent pregnancy?
• Protection from STDs
• What do you do to protect yourself from STDs and HIV?
• Past History of STDs
• Have you ever had an STD or have any of your partners had an STD?
HPV
• Human Papilloma Virus is most common inf.
- mouth, throat, and genitalia
• Nearly all sexual active people will be infected with the virus
at some point of their lives
• Infection with HPV causes 90% of cervical CA

HPV
• About 100 strains (serotypes) of HPV, more than 40 types can infect
human genital area
• Spread by direct contact skin-to-skin
• HPV-16/HPV-18: 70% of cervical CA
• HPV-16: oropharyngeal CA
• HPV-11: 90% of genital warts
• The infections are transient and asymptomatic

How do I know if I have HPV?
• No test available to find out the “HPV status”
• Screening test for cervical CA for women> 30

• Pap smear: every 3-5 years for women ages 21-65
• 90% of the infections will resolve spontaneously within 2-3 years or
will cause visible changes in a form of genital warts or cancer.
Preventions
• Vaccines (Cervarix, Gardasil) recommended at age 11-12 before

initiation of sexual activity
• Gardasil 9 for males and females can help preventing the

infections esp. from 9 of the most common HPV serotypes that
cause 90% of cervical, vulva, anal CA, and genital warts
• Having a safe and protected sex
• www.cdc.gov/std/healthcomm/fact_sheets.htm
Chlamydia
• Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
• Highest rate among sexually active females ages 25 and

younger
• S/Sx: vaginal/urethral discharge, dysuria
• Males w/out symptoms are the reservoir
• Infected females have greater risk of contracting HIV

Can chlamydia be cured?
• Abx:
• Doxycycline 100 mg po bid x7 days
• Azithromycin 1g po x1 only
• Treat both
• Routine screening for chlamydia and STD’s
• Long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner
• Use latex condom in a right way

Chlamydia and Pregnancy
• Can pass down to baby during delivery causing eyes infection,

pneumonia
• Infected mother can lead to early child birth
• Long term infection lead to ectopic pregnancy, pelvic

inflammatory diseases (PID), and infertility
Gonorrhea
• Bacteria G- intracellular diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhea
• Highly infectious
• Transmitted through sexual contact, mother to child during
delivery
• Most infected from ages 15-24
• Females are at greater risk than males (20%)
S/SX
 Females:
 Dysuria, increased vaginal discharge
 Vaginal bleeding between period
 No symptoms, PID
 Males:
 Dysuria, unilateral epididymitis
 Copious mucopurulent or purulent urethral discharge
Can gonorrhea be cured?
• Drugs of choice: Rocephin 250 mg IM and Azithromycin 1g po

as single dose due to the emergence of
drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea.
• When can I have sex again?

• You should wait at least 1 week after treatment or complete a full
dose of prescribed drugs
Trichomonasis
• Protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
• 70% of infected people don’t have any S/Sx
• 30% develop symptoms 5- 28 days

• Frothy foul smelling yellow/green vaginal discharge
• Vulva itching, vaginal erythema, abd pain
• Men: clear/mucopurulent urethral discharge, dysuria
Prevention & Treatment
• Protected sex
• Routine health screening
• Diagnosed by a microscopic of the protozoan in vaginal

secretion
• Metronidazole (Flaggyl) 2g po x1
• Tinidazole 2g po x1
Syphilis
• Spirochete Treponema pallidum
• Infected individual with syphilis have very mild symptoms or
none at all.
• Intimate contact with infectious lesions/body fluid during
sexual intercourse
• Stages: primary, secondary, latent, and late syphilis
• If left untreated, it can cause serous complications
Stage by Stage
• Primary begins 10-90 days after exposure

• Chancre: single painless indurated non purulent ulcer at the site of
inoculation
• Location: vulva, cervix, penis, around anus, mouth, nipple, hand, and
tongue
• Heals w/out treatment in 3-6 weeks
Stage by Stage
• Secondary: 4-10 weeks after the chancre
• Papular/pustular rash to the trunk, and extremities, then later on they

spread to palm and sole
• sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus (also called mucous membrane lesions)
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fever and chill, malaise, patchy hair loss
• All symptoms will resolve w/out treatment

Stage by Stage
• Tertiary lasts from 1-20 years, 15% of untreated syphilis may

spread to any organs or systems
• brain/nerves (Neurosyphilis)
• Eye (Ocular syphilis)
• Blood vessels (aortitis)
• Bones and joints (Gummatous syphilis)
Prevention & Treatment
• Avoids sexual risk-taking behavior
• One dose of long acting PCN G 2.4 million units IM
• Infected pregnant women can transmitted to their fetus,

leading to fetal death or congenital infections which account
for 40% of untreated infected women
The Right Way To Use A Male Condom
• DO use a condom every time you have • DON’T store condoms in your wallet as
sex.
heat and friction can damage them.
• DO put on a condom before having
sex. • DON’T use nonoxynol-9 (a spermicide),
• DO read the package and check the as this can cause irritation.
expiration date.
• DON’T use oil-based products like baby
• DO make sure there are no tears or oil, lotion, petroleum jelly, or cooking
defects.
oil because they will cause the condom
• DO store condoms in a cool, dry place. to break.
• DO use latex or polyurethane • DON’T use more than one condom at a
condoms. time.
• DO use water-based or silicone-based • DON’T reuse a condom.
lubricant to prevent breakage.
Q&A
Which of the statement related to Gonorrhea is TRUE?

A- For men, the risk of infection from one vaginal exposure is 90%
B- Treatment of gonorrhea requires a two-drug regimen
C- Only 10% of men have symptoms
D- For women, the infection risk from one sexual encounter is 100%
Why are adolescent females at higher risk of STD infection?

A- More mucosal tissue is exposed during sex
B- More trauma occurs to mucosal tissue during sex
C- They have a lower level of protective antibodies in their cervical mucosa
D- All the above
Sources
• "Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet." Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. Web.
15 May 2016. <http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm>.
• "CE Search Results at Nurse.com | Gannett Education Continuing

Education." CE Search Results at Nurse.com | Gannett Education
Continuing Education. Connie C. Chettle, MS, MPH, RN. Web. 15
May 2016. <http://ce.nurse.com/RCourseSearch.aspx?
SearchT=CE594>.

Sexually Transmitted Deseases

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sexually Transmitted Deseases

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sexually Transmitted Deseases

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED

• By having unprotected sex with multiple partners,

you put yourself at risk of contracting STD’s

• Prevalence from age 15-24

• The infection is roughly equal among young

men(49%) and young women (51%)

Females esp. young girls are higher risk due to:

- more mucosal tissue exposed/trauma

- cervical immaturity and low level of IgA in their cervical

- cervix area: columnar epithelium (later on will transfer to

• With minimal or no symptoms: undiagnosed

• Untreated infections can lead to:

- chronic pelvic pain

- perinatal infection, preterm baby

- increase risk for CA and acquisition of HIV

• Human Papilloma Virus is most common inf.

- mouth, throat, and genitalia

• Infection with HPV causes 90% of cervical CA

• Spread by direct contact skin-to-skin

• HPV-16/HPV-18: 70% of cervical CA

• HPV-11: 90% of genital warts

• The infections are transient and asymptomatic

• No test available to find out the “HPV status”

• Screening test for cervical CA for women> 30

• Vaccines (Cervarix, Gardasil) recommended at age 11-12 before

• Gardasil 9 for males and females can help preventing the

• Having a safe and protected sex

• Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

• Highest rate among sexually active females ages 25 and

• S/Sx: vaginal/urethral discharge, dysuria

• Males w/out symptoms are the reservoir

• Infected females have greater risk of contracting HIV

• Routine screening for chlamydia and STD’s

• Long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner

• Use latex condom in a right way

• Can pass down to baby during delivery causing eyes infection,

• Infected mother can lead to early child birth

• Long term infection lead to ectopic pregnancy, pelvic

• Drugs of choice: Rocephin 250 mg IM and Azithromycin 1g po

• When can I have sex again?

• Protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

• 70% of infected people don’t have any S/Sx

• 30% develop symptoms 5- 28 days

• Routine health screening

• Diagnosed by a microscopic of the protozoan in vaginal

• Primary begins 10-90 days after exposure

• Secondary: 4-10 weeks after the chancre

• Papular/pustular rash to the trunk, and extremities, then later on they

• Swollen lymph nodes

• Fever and chill, malaise, patchy hair loss

• All symptoms will resolve w/out treatment

• Tertiary lasts from 1-20 years, 15% of untreated syphilis may

• Avoids sexual risk-taking behavior

• One dose of long acting PCN G 2.4 million units IM

• Infected pregnant women can transmitted to their fetus,

Which of the statement related to Gonorrhea is TRUE?

Why are adolescent females at higher risk of STD infection?

• "CE Search Results at Nurse.com | Gannett Education Continuing

You might also like