Human Papilloma Virus: Reported By: Festin AJ
Human Papilloma Virus: Reported By: Festin AJ
Human Papilloma Virus: Reported By: Festin AJ
papilloma
virus
Reported by: Festin AJ
Human Human papillomavirus is the
most common sexually
transmitted infection. Most
sexually active men and women
being exposed to the virus at
papilloma some point during their lifetime
virus
Structure
• small, non-enveloped, icosahedral DNA
viruses that have a diameter of 52–55
nm.
• single double-stranded DNA molecule of
about 8000 base-pairs (bp) that is bound
to cellular histones
• a protein capsid composed of 72
pentameric capsomers.
• capsid contains two structural proteins —
late 1 and Late 2 — which are both virally
encoded.
Classification
• the International Committee on the Taxonomy of
• HPV is divided into High risk HPV and Low risk HPV. Low-
lesions or cancer.
Types
Pathogenesis
• HPV infection is limited to the basal cells of stratified
epithelium
Warts
• Common symptoms of some types of HPV are warts, especially genital warts.
• Genital warts may appear as a small bump, cluster of bumps, or stem-like protrusions.
They commonly affect the vulva in women, or possibly the cervix, and the penis or
scrotum in men. They may also appear around the anus and in the groin.
• They can range in size and appearance and be large, small, flat, or cauliflower shaped,
and may be white or flesh tone.
• HPV6 and HPV11 are common causes of genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.
Symptoms
Other warts associated with HPV include common warts, plantar, and
flat warts.
• Genital cancers
• Oropharyngeal cancer
• Other types of HPV can increase the risk of developing cancer. These cancers include
cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, or the base of the
tongue and tonsils. It may take years or decades for cancer to develop.
• early all cervical cancer is due to HPV with two types, HPV16 and HPV18, accounting
for 70% of cases
• Individuals infected with both HPV and HIV have an increased risk of developing
cervical or anal cancer.
Symptoms: Cervical
Cancer
As in many cancers, there may be no signs or symptoms of
cervical cancer until it has progressed to a dangerous stage.
However, if symptoms do occur they may include:
• having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus.
• common that nearly all men and women get it at some point in their
lives.
• Biopsy
• Pap smear
Diagnosis
Colposcopy: a procedure that allows illuminated
stereoscopic and magnified viewing of the cervix.
• A woman may have cervical cancer and not know it because she may
not have any symptoms.
• A sample of mucus and cells will be obtained from the cervix and
endocervix using a wooden scraper or a small cervical brush or
broom.
• the sample is rinsed into a vial and sent to a lab for slide
preparation
and examination.
Treatment
There is currently no specific treatment for HPV infection.
• Salicylic acid. Over-the-counter treatments that contain salicylic acid work by removing
layers of a wart a little at a time.
• Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara). This prescription cream might enhance your immune
system's ability to fight HPV. Common side effects include redness and swelling at the
application site.
• Trichloroacetic acid. This chemical treatment burns off warts on the palms, soles and
genitals. It might cause local irritation.
Treatment
Surgical and other procedures
• Surgical removal
• Laser surgery
"condom use may reduce the risk for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection"
Vaccination
Three vaccines are available to prevent infection by some HPV
types. All protect against initial infection with HPV types 16 and 18,
which cause most of the HPV-associated cancer cases.
Gardasil: protects against HPV types 6 and 11, which cause 90% of
genital warts. quadrivalent vaccine
and HIV, safer sex can lower your chances of getting HPV.
Presence of human papillomavirus in
semen in relation to semen quality
• Absence of data on sperm morphology, which was not tested in each primary
semen analysis, but performed only on the physician's request.
• MAR-testing was performed for IgG only: might have underestimated the
number of samples with antisperm antibodies (both in HPV-positive and HPV-
negative samples)
• This study did not observe an association between HPV presence in semen
and impairment of semen quality.
Study question:
Summary answer?