Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 79 views

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (Stis)

    Uploaded by

    oscaralvaradozeledon
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), formerly called venereal diseases, are common infections spread primarily through sexual contact. STIs affect millions of Americans each year and include bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Many STIs have no symptoms but can still be passed to partners. While some STIs like HIV are incurable, others like chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Regular testing and treatment of partners are important to prevent transmission. Understanding one's risk factors and practicing safe sex are the best ways to prevent STIs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (Stis)

    Uploaded by

    oscaralvaradozeledon
    79 views58 pages
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), formerly called venereal diseases, are common infections spread primarily through sexual contact. STIs affect millions of Americans each year and include bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Many STIs have no symptoms but can still be passed to partners. While some STIs like HIV are incurable, others like chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Regular testing and treatment of partners are important to prevent transmission. Understanding one's risk factors and practicing safe sex are the best ways to prevent STIs.

    Original Description:

    Presentacion en ingles de STD

    Original Title

    Std

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), formerly called venereal diseases, are common infections spread primarily through sexual contact. STIs affect millions of Americans each year and include bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Many STIs have no symptoms but can still be passed to partners. While some STIs like HIV are incurable, others like chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Regular testing and treatment of partners are important to prevent transmission. Understanding one's risk factors and practicing safe sex are the best ways to prevent STIs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    79 views58 pages

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (Stis)

    Uploaded by

    oscaralvaradozeledon
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), formerly called venereal diseases, are common infections spread primarily through sexual contact. STIs affect millions of Americans each year and include bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Many STIs have no symptoms but can still be passed to partners. While some STIs like HIV are incurable, others like chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Regular testing and treatment of partners are important to prevent transmission. Understanding one's risk factors and practicing safe sex are the best ways to prevent STIs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 58

    Sexually Transmitted

    Infections (STIs)
    What are Sexually
    Transmitted Infections?
    Once known as Venereal Diseases (VD)

    STIs are infections that are transmitted primarily


    through sexual contact with an infected person.

    STIs are very common.

    An estimated 15-16 million new cases occur each


    year in the U.S. alone.

    1 in 4 adolescents will get an STI


    Modes of Transmission
    STIs are spread through contact:
    Penis
    Vagina
    Rectum
    Breaks in skin
    Mucous membranes
    And
    Needle Sharing
    Blood contact
    Vertical transmission (Mother-to-child)
    Areas of Infection
    STI Pathogens
    Pathogen = Bacteria Pathogen= Virus Pathogen= Parasite
    Chlamydia Pubic Lice
    Herpes
    Gonorrhea Scabies
    HepatitisB
    Bacterial Vaginosis* Trichomoniasis
    Genital Warts (HPV)
    Syphilis
    HIV/AIDS

    *Not classified as an STI


    Common Symptoms
    Pain during urination
    Bump/sores
    Bleeding between periods
    Unusual discharge
    Pain during intercourse
    Rash

    Many people can have no symptoms


    (asymptomatic) and still pass on a STI.
    Partners Need to Be
    Treated
    All partners should be examined and
    treated
    Why!?!?!
    Bacterial Infections
    Infections caused by bacteria,
    this agent represents about half
    of the STIs identified.

    Bacterial infections are curable.


    Medication does not protect
    against future exposure.
    Chlamydia
    and Gonorrhea
    Transmission
    Direct mucous membrane contact with the germ during
    sexual contact. Using condoms and
    dental dams lowers chance of transmission.

    Testing
    Culture sample (can be done during pap smear)
    Urine sample
    Symptoms in Males
    Gonorrhea & Chlamydia
    Pain during urination
    Frequent urination
    Watery discharge
    Discharge from penis

    With Chlamydia: 50% of men will not get symptoms


    Symptoms in
    Females

    Gonorrhea & Chlamydia


    Pain during urination or sex
    Bleeding between periods
    Dull pelvic pain
    Thick discharge with foul odor

    With Chlamydia: 75% of women will not get symptoms


    If gone untreated
    Transmission to sex partners and newborns

    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (can cause infertility)

    Higher rate of miscarriage

    Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate)


    Treatment Available
    Treated and cured with antibiotics

    Because many people with Gonorrhea also have


    Chlamydia, treatment for both infections are
    usually given together
    Bacterial Vaginosis
    (BV)
    Transmission
    Direct sexual contact with the bacteria
    (especially with new or multiple partners)
    Wiping the incorrect way

    Douching

    Testing
    Culture Test
    Symptoms
    Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
    Heavy and milky discharge
    Fishy-smelling odor
    Itching in or around the vagina
    If gone untreated
    Bacteria may spread and infect the uterus and
    fallopian tubes

    Transmission to sex partners and newborns

    Increased risk for premature birth


    Treatment Available

    Can be cured with either oral antibiotics or


    suppositories.

    There is no need to douche unless your doctor or


    clinician prescribes it as treatment.
    Syphilis
    Transmission
    Skin to skin contact
    Contact with mucous
    membrane
    Mother-to-child through
    placenta

    Testing
    Blood Sample
    First Stage Syphilis
    Chancres (shangker) (painless open
    sore) appear on the body.
    They disappear in about 14
    days.
    Second Stage Syphilis

    Flu-like symptoms and rash. Rash is brownish red


    and can appear on any part of the body.
    If gone untreated
    Third Stage Syphilis

    Transmission to sex
    partners and newborns
    Nerve and brain damage
    Blindness
    Physical damage
    Death

    Degenerative lesions called


    gummas appear as a result of
    hypersensitivity
    Treatment Available
    A single intramuscular injection of medication will
    cure a person.

    Other treatments are also available.

    Syphilis is curable, but the damage to the body


    and/or internal organs is not reversible.
    Viral Infections
    Viral infections are not curable.
    They can be treated and
    managed with medication to
    reduce symptoms and
    outbreaks caused by the virus.
    Herpes
    HSV-1: Oral Herpes
    HSV-2: Genital Herpes
    Can be passed back and
    forth

    Transmission
    Sexual Contact
    Contact with herpes sore
    Mother-to-child
    Testing
    Visual exam
    Blood test
    Herpes
    Herpes can be transmitted
    anywhere there is a break
    in the skin, and mucous
    membrane.
    If gone untreated

    Higher miscarriage rate

    Transmission to sex partners and newborns

    Eye problems with herpes infection

    Proctitis (inflammation of rectum)


    Treatment Available
    Antiviral medications can shorten and prevent
    outbreaks.

    In addition, daily suppressive therapy for chronic


    herpes can reduce frequency of outbreaks and
    transmission to partners.
    Hepatitis B (HBV-2)
    Hepatitis B can cause liver damage and is considered
    the most general and severe liver disease worldwide.

    Transmission
    Sexual contact *
    Sharing needles
    Mother-to-child
    Oral utensils

    Testing
    Blood test
    Symptoms
    Jaundice (yellowing of skin
    and whites of the eyes)
    Fatigue
    Abdominal and joint pain
    Nausea
    Loss of appetite

    About 30% of persons have no signs or symptoms


    If left untreated
    Transmission to sex partners and newborns

    Liver failure

    Cirrhosis (scarring)

    Liver cancer can develop


    Types of Hepatitis B

    Acute: Virus clears out of persons system after


    initial exposure. This must be confirmed by a negative
    blood test after 6 months.

    Chronic: Virus stays in the persons system, and


    person tests positive after 6 months. Chronic Hepatitis
    may stay with a person for a lifetime. About 10% of
    adults who contract Hepatitis B will develop the
    chronic type.
    Treatment Available
    Medications will slow down the
    virus and reduce liver damage.
    In some cases, they may even
    rid of the virus completely.

    Hepatitis B vaccine is the best


    protection. Three injections
    given over 5-6 months.
    Remember to be tested before
    getting vaccinated
    Genital Warts/HPV
    (Human Papillomavirus)

    The fastest growing STI in U.S. among young


    adults. There are about 100 different strands of
    HPV. Only 30 strands affect the genital region.
    HPV is classified as high risk or low risk.

    Transmission
    More likely transmitted through direct contact
    With infected skin (i.e. wart is present)

    Testing
    Males Only visual exam*
    Females Visual exam and detection through
    Pap smears
    Symptoms Genital Warts
    Low risk HPV causes warts in the genital area

    Raised warts on Lesion on the Raised warts on


    the penis perianal area the vulva

    Common Symptoms
    Small bumps, can feel hard or
    soft
    Can take on cauliflower-like
    appearance
    Most people have no symptoms
    HPV and Cervical Cancer
    High risk HPV does not cause genital warts but can
    turn into cervical cancer in women.

    Dysplasia found in a biopsy cell sample


    If gone untreated
    Transmission to sex partners and newborns
    Warts may grow and spread if left untreated
    May cause cervical cancer
    Block openings from anus, vagina and urethra
    Treatment Available
    HPV is treated through treatment of the genital
    wart.

    Application of topical medicine

    Removal by cryotherapy or laser

    If the wart recurs, an injection of a type of


    interferon.
    HIV/AIDS
    HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
    Virus that attacks the immune system
    HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
    AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency
    Syndrome)
    When the body is at below 200 T-cells per
    ML (drop) of blood.
    Body is vulnerable to opportunistic
    infections.
    HIV/AIDS
    Testing
    Blood Sample
    Saliva Test
    Testing Guidelines
    Test are most accurate 6 months after possible
    exposure
    Results are available in 1-2 weeks
    Rapid HIV Test - Some test sites offer immediate
    results through finger prick. This test can be
    expensive.
    How can someone get HIV?
    Exchange of Bodily Fluids

    Sexual fluids Semen, pre-ejaculate, vaginal


    secretions

    Blood contact Needle sharing, areas with break


    in skin

    Mother-to-child Transmitted when giving birth or

    breast milk
    How can someone not get
    HIV?
    Holding hands
    Hugging
    Toilet seats
    Kissing
    Sharing utensils
    If gone untreated
    Health Problems
    Transmission to sex partners and newborns
    Weakening of immune system
    Vulnerable to other infections
    Death
    Treatment Available
    HIV treatment is a combination of Anti-
    Retro Viral (ARV) medications, referred
    to
    as a cocktail that will keep the viral
    count
    low.

    HIV drug treatment is complicated and


    different people have different results.

    Treatment can help people at all stages


    of
    HIV infection stay healthy.
    Parasitic
    Infections
    Infections caused by
    parasite can be transmitted
    sexually and non-sexually.
    Treatment does not protect
    against future infection.
    Parasiti
    c
    Transmission
    Sexual contact
    Pubic lice attach to hair
    Prolonged contact (household members)
    Sharing towels and sheets (parasites live up to 3 days without
    human host)

    Testing
    Examination of suspicious area
    Further diagnosis done with skin biopsy, and topical solution.
    Culture testing (for trichomoniasis)
    Pubic Lice Pubic lice at the hair
    follicle

    Pathogen
    organism called Pthirus pubis
    Where
    pubic hair and other areas with hair
    How
    Spread through sexual contact or bedding
    Symptoms
    Persistent itching around Becomes worse at night
    Scabies
    Pathogen
    Mite
    Where
    Found around genital, groin,
    and areas with folds of skin
    How
    Sexual contact or bedding
    Symptoms
    Pimple-like irritations, mite
    burrows in zigzag pattern Scabies on webbing
    between fingers
    Treatment Available
    Over the counter treatment can be purchased at
    pharmacies.

    Wash all clothing and bedding to avoid being re-


    infected

    Continued itching is common 1-3 weeks after


    treatment. More treatment is required if new
    burrows or rash appear.
    Trichomoniasis
    Protozoa
    Greenish-yellow discharge with foul odor
    Frothy in texture
    Itching
    Treatment Available
    Trichomoniasis can be cured with the prescription
    drug, given by mouth in a single dose.
    Fungal
    Transmission
    Sexual contact
    Yeast Infection: Also caused by tight clothing and
    hygiene products

    Testing
    Culture sample
    Symptoms
    Yeast Infection
    Cottage cheese-like discharge

    Foul odor

    Itchiness
    Treatment Available
    Yeast Infections can be cured by anti-fungal
    medication.

    There is no need to douche unless your doctor or


    clinician prescribes it as treatment.
    Breaking the Cycle of
    Infection

    Healthy behaviors that you can


    practice to lower the risk and
    prevalence of STIs.
    Prevention
    Testing
    Communication
    Seeking help
    Education
    Respect
    Limiting the number of sex
    partners
    Points to Remember
    Every persons body is different

    Never be embarrassed to consult with your


    clinician about STIs

    STIs do not discriminate

    You might also like