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    Lec 2 Anemia Classification1

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    Omar Maan
    There are two main classifications of anemia: morphological and etiological. The morphological classification is based on red blood cell size (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic) and hemoglobin level (hypochromic or normochromic). The etiological classification is based on the underlying cause of anemia. Microcytic, hypochromic anemias result from a disorder in red blood cell maturation and are usually caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia syndromes, anemia of chronic disease, or sideroblastic anemias. Iron deficiency is commonly caused by blood loss or an inadequate iron intake, while thalassemia involves a genetic disorder of globin production.

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    Lec 2 Anemia Classification1

    Uploaded by

    Omar Maan
    120 views17 pages
    There are two main classifications of anemia: morphological and etiological. The morphological classification is based on red blood cell size (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic) and hemoglobin level (hypochromic or normochromic). The etiological classification is based on the underlying cause of anemia. Microcytic, hypochromic anemias result from a disorder in red blood cell maturation and are usually caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia syndromes, anemia of chronic disease, or sideroblastic anemias. Iron deficiency is commonly caused by blood loss or an inadequate iron intake, while thalassemia involves a genetic disorder of globin production.

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    There are two main classifications of anemia: morphological and etiological. The morphological classification is based on red blood cell size (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic) and hemoglobin level (hypochromic or normochromic). The etiological classification is based on the underlying cause of anemia. Microcytic, hypochromic anemias result from a disorder in red blood cell maturation and are usually caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia syndromes, anemia of chronic disease, or sideroblastic anemias. Iron deficiency is commonly caused by blood loss or an inadequate iron intake, while thalassemia involves a genetic disorder of globin production.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    120 views17 pages

    Lec 2 Anemia Classification1

    Uploaded by

    Omar Maan
    There are two main classifications of anemia: morphological and etiological. The morphological classification is based on red blood cell size (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic) and hemoglobin level (hypochromic or normochromic). The etiological classification is based on the underlying cause of anemia. Microcytic, hypochromic anemias result from a disorder in red blood cell maturation and are usually caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia syndromes, anemia of chronic disease, or sideroblastic anemias. Iron deficiency is commonly caused by blood loss or an inadequate iron intake, while thalassemia involves a genetic disorder of globin production.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    The passage discusses different classifications and types of anemia. It mentions morphological and etiological classifications of anemia and discusses microcytic, hypochromic anemias and iron deficiency anemia in more detail.

    The two main classifications of anemia mentioned are morphological classification based on red blood cell size and degree of hemoglobinization, and etiological classification based on the underlying mechanisms causing anemia.

    Microcytic, hypochromic anemias are characterized by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of less than 80 with pale, poorly hemoglobinized red cells on peripheral smear. They result from a disorder in cytoplasmic maturation caused by reduced hemoglobin production.

    ANEMIA CLASSIFICATION

    By
    DR. ZAHRAA NAJAH
     There
    are several classifications of anemia . Two
    commonly used are:
    1. Morphological classification :based on:
    (1) red cell size(normocytic, microcytic, or macrocytic), and
    (2) degree of hemoglobinization, reflected by the color of red
    cells (normochromic or hypochromic)

    2. Etiological classification: Based on the underlying


    mechanisms of production of anemia
    Morphological classification
    Etiological classification
    MICROCYTIC,
    HYPOCHROMIC,ANEMIAS
    An MCV of less than 80 with pale, poorly hemoglobinized red
    cells on peripheral smear characterizes this group of anemias.
    All result from a disorder in cytoplasmic maturation caused
    by reduced hemoglobin production.
    Hemoglobin is produced using iron, protoporphyrin and
    globin chains so the main cause are:
    Iron deficiency anemia
     Main cause:
    1. Inadequate intake of iron as in vegetarian diet ,
    malabsorption , gastrectomy
    2. Blood loss as in menorrhagia, postmenopausal ,esophageal
    varices, peptic ulcer, aspirin ingestion.
    Physical examination may reveal glossitis, koilonychia (spoon nails),
    gastritis, and angular stomatitis.
    Replacement therapy is Ferrous Sulfate 300mg TID on empty
    stomach. May give with vitamin C to enhance absorbtion.
     Follow – up in 3-4 weeks hemoglobin should be normalized and the
    Ferritin should be normal in 8 weeks.
    Thalassemia syndromes
    It is a genetic disorder of globin production. There is decreased or absence of
    synthesis of either α or β-globin chain of adult hemoglobin, Hb A (α2 β2),so to the
    type of globin chain that synthesis in reduced amount can classify to alpha &beta
    thalassemia
    Β-Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder characterized by diminished synthesis of
    structurally normal β-globin chains, associated with unimpaired synthesis of α-
    chains
    Types of Beta thalassemia
    Diagnosis of Beta thalassemia
    Clinical Laboratory
    Anemia of chronic disease
    Long-standing infections, neoplastic diseases, and
    chronic inflammatory processes (eg, rheumatoid arthritis,
    systemic lupus erythematosus) block iron transportation
    from the storage sites to the bone marrow factory by
    increase hepcidine level.
    Sideroblastic anemias
    characterized by the presence of “ringed” sideroblasts in the
    bone marrow; associated with hypochromic cells on a
    peripheral smear.
    May be congenital or acquired
    Acquired sideroblastic anemias are associated with use of
    antituberculous medications (eg, isoniazid, pyrazinamide14),
    alcohol abuse, lead poisoning, chronic inflammation .

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