Kuliah HPLC
Kuliah HPLC
Kuliah HPLC
HPLC
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi
Atau dapat disingkat LC
GAS SFC L IQ U ID
G SC G LC C o lu m n P la n a r
NP RP IE C SEC T LC P aper
GPC G FC
Fase normal dan Fase terbalik
Gradient
Controller
•
Pump Column
Detector
Injector
Mobile Phases
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Degasser
70 mbar
A A
B B
C C
Pump
A A B C
A B C
B
C
• Fase gerak
diletakkan dalam
botol-botol
reservoir.
Fase Gerak
• Water
• Methanol
• Acetonitrile
• THF
• Additives, salts, acids, bases
• Ion pairing
Kemurnian Fase gerak
Isocratic elution:
Constant mobile phase composition during run
Gradient elution:
Programme a changing (stepwise or continuous) mobile
phase composition during the run For more complex
mixtures
Degasser
• Menghilangkan udara (gas nitrogen dan oksigen)
yang terlarut.
• Adanya udara dapat menimbulkan variasi tekanan
pada pompa atau timbulnys noise pada detektor
tertentu (RID, FLD dan Amperometric Detector)
• Cara: vacuum degassing, pengaliran gas helium
atau ultrasonikasi.
Pompa HPLC
• Sistem Pompa:
• Tekanan Tinggi
• Tekanan rendah
Pompa Analisis
Load – Inject
Position
Sample Injection
CS-Chromatographie Service
Multospher 120 RP-18 HP 5µ
Length x ID
Art.-Nr. xxxx HPLC-column 250x3 mm
Multospher 120 RP-18 HP-5
Ch. 70801 Particle size in µm
Column-Nr. 0103-01 Flow --------
Modification of silicagel
Flow direction
HPLC Columns
• Column Dimensions
– Length and internal diameter of packing bed
Short (30-50mm) - short run times, low backpressure
Long (250-300mm) - higher resolution, long run times
Narrow ( 2.1mm) - higher detector sensitivity
Wide (10-22mm) - high sample loading
• Particle Shape
– Spherical or irregular
– Spherical particles reduced back
pressures and longer column life
HPLC Columns
• Particle Size
– The average particle diameter,
typically 3-20µm
– Smaller particles offer higher efficiency
but also cause higher backpressure
< 2µm UPLC
• Surface Area
– Sum of particle outer surface and interior pore
surface, in m2/gram
– High surface area generally provides greater
retention, capacity and resolution
– Low surface area packings generally
equilibrate quickly, especially important in
gradient analyses.
HPLC Columns: Particle Physical Characteristics
•Pore Size
– Average size of pores or cavities in
particles, ranging from 60-10,000Å
– Larger pores allow larger solute
molecules to be retained longer through
maximum exposure to the surface area
of the particles.
– Choose a pore size of 150Å or less for
sample MW 2000.
Monolithic Columns
O O O O O O
| | | | | |
OSiOSiOSiOH OSiOSiOSiOR Where R = C18H37
| | | | | |
hydrocarbon chain
O O O O O O
(octadecylsilyl deriv.
| | | | | |
silica or “C18”)
OSiOSiOSiOH OSiOSiOSiOR
| | | | | |
O O O O O O
•Carbon Load
– Amount of bonded phase attached to
base material, expressed as %C
– Higher carbon loads generally offer greater
resolution and longer run times.
– Low carbon loads shorten run times and
many show a different selectivity.
•Endcapping
– “Capping” of exposed silanols with short
hydrocarbon chains after the primary
bonding step
Protection of Siloxane Bonds With Bulky Alkyl Groups
Recommended starting conditions for RP-HPLC
Dimensions:
50-100 mm x 4.6 mm i.d for simple samples (e.g. assays
of the main component)
• UV-Vis Detector
• Photodiode array Detector (PDA = DAD)
• Refractive Index Detector (RID)
• Fluorescence Detector (FLD)
• Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD)
• Electrochemical Detector (ECD)
• Conductivity Detector
• Radiometric Detector
Hyphenated Systems
• LC-MS; LC-MS/MS; LC-NMR
HPLC Detectors
• UV-Vis
– Good detection limits (0.1-1 ng; linear range 105)
– Can be used with gradient elution
– Requires chromophore
• Refractive Index
– Poor detection limits (100-1000 ng; linear range 102)
– Isocratic only
– Nearly universal detection
• Evaporative Light Scattering
– Good detection limits (0.1-1 ng; linear range 105);
– Non-linear calibration required
– Can be used with gradient elution
– Nearly universal detection
UV-Vis Detector
• Paling banyak digunakan
• Tersusun dari Lampu deuterium, monokromator dan flow
cell
• Monokromator terdiri dari grating atau prisma yang dapat
bergerak dan dapat memilih panjang gelombang spesifik
yang masuk melalui celah (slit)
• 190 – 600nm
• Ditambah lampu tungsten untuk meningkatkan
sensitivitas pada daerah visibel.
• Macam UV-Vis:
– Fixed wave length
– Variable wave length
– Multiple variable wave length
– Photo diode-array
UV-Vis Detector
Lamp Cut-off filter
Holmium oxide filter
Slit
Sample diode
Mirror 1
Grating
Flow cell
Mirror 2
Reference diode
UV-VIS Diode Array Detector
Memilih Panjang Gelombang
Detektor UV
Pemilihan
Panjang
Gelombang
(UV)
Pilihlah Panjang
gelombang yang
memberikan serapan
pada peak-peak ?
analit
Equipment
Your HPLC
Success
Service Support
Common HPLC Problems
• Pump
– check a leak of plunger seal
– wash a behind plunger seal for buffer
• Injector
– wash an injection port after every injection
– select a suitable washing solvent
• Column
– do not keep a buffer solution
• Detector
– check a life time of lamp or electrode
Performance verification of HPLC
Module Performance General Frequenc
attributes Expectation y
Pump Flowrate accuracy ±2% 6 months
Gradient accuracy ±1% 6 months
Pressure test No leak 6 months
• Normalization method
• External standard method
• Internal standard method
• Standard addition method
Quantitation by Normalization Method
Thus,
mi = KiAi
Percentage in weight of each analyte
so % i = Ai / Ai X 100
Quantitation by External Standard
Y = aX + b
[Concentration]
a : SLOP
125 ppm b : Y intercept
2500
2500
[Peak Area]
Disadvantage of external
standard calibration method
• Injection error will directly influence the
quantitative result.
10 uL injection 11 uL injection
10 uL injection 11 uL injection
2200
2000 1100
1000 T
IS
IS T
IS T IS T
T
IS
Prof. Dr.rer.nat. H. Mochammad Yuwono, MS.
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga
Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam, Surabaya
Email: [email protected]