Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 251 views

    Culture Media

    Uploaded by

    Isak Isak Isak
    This document discusses culture media used in microbiology. It defines culture media and explains its importance for cultivating microbial organisms under controlled conditions. The history of culture media is reviewed, from early uses of broths to the adoption of agar as a solidifying agent. The document also describes bacterial growth patterns, including lag phase, logarithmic growth phase, stationary phase, and decline phase. Finally, it classifies culture media based on consistency, constituents, oxygen requirements, and special applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Culture Media

    Uploaded by

    Isak Isak Isak
    251 views34 pages
    This document discusses culture media used in microbiology. It defines culture media and explains its importance for cultivating microbial organisms under controlled conditions. The history of culture media is reviewed, from early uses of broths to the adoption of agar as a solidifying agent. The document also describes bacterial growth patterns, including lag phase, logarithmic growth phase, stationary phase, and decline phase. Finally, it classifies culture media based on consistency, constituents, oxygen requirements, and special applications.

    Original Description:

    thanks

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses culture media used in microbiology. It defines culture media and explains its importance for cultivating microbial organisms under controlled conditions. The history of culture media is reviewed, from early uses of broths to the adoption of agar as a solidifying agent. The document also describes bacterial growth patterns, including lag phase, logarithmic growth phase, stationary phase, and decline phase. Finally, it classifies culture media based on consistency, constituents, oxygen requirements, and special applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    251 views34 pages

    Culture Media

    Uploaded by

    Isak Isak Isak
    This document discusses culture media used in microbiology. It defines culture media and explains its importance for cultivating microbial organisms under controlled conditions. The history of culture media is reviewed, from early uses of broths to the adoption of agar as a solidifying agent. The document also describes bacterial growth patterns, including lag phase, logarithmic growth phase, stationary phase, and decline phase. Finally, it classifies culture media based on consistency, constituents, oxygen requirements, and special applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    CULTURE MEDIA

    USED IN
    MICROBIOLOGY
    Definition, purpose/importance

    History of culture media

    Growth pattern of bacteria

    Classification of culture media


    Microbiological culture
    Method of cultivating microbial
    organisms by letting them
    reproduce in predetermined
    culture media under controlled
    laboratory conditions.
    Bacteria have to be grown (cultured) for
    them to be identified and subsequent
    clinical diagnosis.
    By appropriate procedures they have to
    be grown separately (isolated) on culture
    media and obtained as pure for study.
    Bacteria have to be cultured in order to
    obtain antigens from developing
    serological assay for vaccines.
    Certain genetic studies and
    manipulations of the cells also need that
    bacteria be cultured in vitro.
    History of culture medias
    Louis Pasteur used simple broths
    made up of urine or meat extracts.
    Robert Koch realized the importance
    of solid media and used potato
    pieces to grow bacteria. It was on the
    suggestion of Fannie Eilshemius, wife of
    Walther Hesse (who was an assistant to
    Robert Koch) that agar was used to
    solidify culture media.
    Continued.

    Before the use of agar, attempts were


    made to use gelatin as solidifying
    agent. Gelatin had some inherent
    problems.

    It existed as liquid at normal


    incubating temperatures (35-37oC)

    Digested by certain bacteria


    Agar
    Used for preparing solid medium

    Obtained from seaweeds.

    No nutritive value

    Not affected by the growth of the


    bacteria.
    Melts at 98oC & sets at 42oC

    2% agar is employed in solid medium


    Bacterial Growth Curve
    During typical bacteria growth (growth cycle)
    bacteria cell divide by binary fission and
    their mass and number increase in an
    exponential manners. Bacterial growth in
    culture can be separated into at least four
    distinct phases.
    Bacterial Growth Curve
    1. Lag phase

    This is period of intense physiologic adjustment


    involving the induction of new enzymes and the
    synthesis and assembly of ribosome. In lag phase
    and during this phase there occur
    1. increase in size of cells
    2. increase in metabolic rate
    3. adaptation to new environment and
    necessary enzymes.
    Continued.
    The length of lag phase depend upon

    a. Type of bacteria.

    b. Better the medium, shorter the lag phase.

    c. The phase of culture from which inoculation in


    taken

    d. Size or volume of inoculum.

    e. Environmental factors like temperature.


    2. Logarithmic (Exponential) phase

    In logarithmic phase the bacterial cell


    start dividing and their number increase by
    geometric progression with time. During this
    periods
    a. bacteria have high rate of metabolism

    b. bacteria are more sensitive to antibiotics

    c. rate of penetration of the medium it


    depends on the concentration of material in
    the media
    3. Stationary phase
    In stationary phase after some time a stage
    comes when rate of multiplication and death
    becomes almost equal it may be due to

    a. depletion of nutrient

    b. accumulation of toxic products and


    sporulation may occur during this stage.
    4. Decline or death phase

    In decline (death) phase, during this phase


    population decreases due to death of cells the
    factors responsible are

    a. nutritional exhaustion

    b. toxic accumulation

    c. autolysis enzymes
    TYPES OF CULTURE MEDIA
    I. Based on their consistency
    a) solid medium
    b) liquid medium
    c) semi solid medium
    II. Based on the constituents/
    ingredients
    a) simple medium
    b) complex medium
    c) synthetic or defined medium
    d) Special media
    Special media
    Enriched media
    Enrichment media
    Selective media
    Indicator media
    Differential media
    Transport media

    III. Based
    on Oxygen requirement
    - Aerobic media
    - Anaerobic media
    Solid media contains 2% agar
    Colony morphology, pigmentation, hemolysis

    can be appreciated.
    Eg: Nutrient agar, Blood agar

    Liquid media no agar.


    For inoculum preparation, Blood culture, for

    the isolation of pathogens from a mixture.


    Eg: Nutrient broth

    Semi solid medium 0.5% agar.


    Eg: SIM
    Simple media / basal media
    - Eg: NB, NA
    - NB consists of peptone, yeast
    extract, NaCl,
    - NB + 2% agar = Nutrient agar
    Complex media
    Media other than basal media.
    They have added ingredients.
    Provide special nutrients

    Synthetic or defined media


    Media prepared from pure chemical
    substances and its exact composition
    is known
    Eg: peptone water 1% peptone +
    0.5% NaCl in water
    Enriched media

    Substances like blood, serum, egg


    are added to the basal medium.
    Used to grow bacteria that are
    exacting in their nutritional needs.
    Eg: Blood agar, Chocolate agar
    Blood agar Chocolate agar
    Enrichment media
    Liquid media used to isolate
    pathogens from a mixed
    culture.
    Media is incorporated with

    inhibitory substances to
    suppress the unwanted
    organism.
    Eg:
    Selenite F Broth for the
    isolation of Salmonella, Shigella
    Alkaline Peptone Water for
    Vibrio cholerae
    Selective media
    The inhibitory substance is added to a
    solid media.
    Eg:
    Mac Conkeys medium for gram
    negative bacteria
    TCBS for V.cholerae

    LJ medium M.tuberculosis

    Wilson and Blair medium S.typhi

    Potassium tellurite medium


    Diphtheria bacilli
    Mac Conkeys medium TCBS
    Potassium Tellurite media LJ media
    Indicator media
    These media contain an indicator
    which changes its colour when a
    bacterium grows in them.
    Eg:
    Blood agar
    Mac Conkeys medium
    Christensens urease medium
    Urease medium
    Differential media
    A media which has substances
    incorporated in it enabling it to
    distinguish between bacteria.
    Eg: Mac Conkeys medium

    Distinguish between lactose


    fermenters & non lactose fermenters.
    Lactose fermenters Pink colonies
    Non lactose fermenters colourless
    colonies
    Transport media
    Media used for transporting
    the samples.
    Delicate organisms may not
    survive the time taken for
    transporting the specimen
    without a transport media.
    Eg:
    Stuarts medium non
    nutrient soft agar gel
    containing a reducing agent
    Buffered glycerol saline
    enteric bacilli
    Anaerobic media
    These media are used to grow anaerobic
    organisms.
    Eg: Robertsons cooked meat medium,
    Thioglycolate medium.

    You might also like